《简·爱》英语文体学分析

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浅论英汉译艺——《简·爱》两种中译本评析

浅论英汉译艺——《简·爱》两种中译本评析英汉译艺是文学翻译的核心问题，也是人们最感兴趣的领域。

《简爱》作为英国文学史上的经典之作，也被很多译者翻译出来，但这些译本对于中文读者来说有着不同的风格，可以让他们体会到英国文学的不同之处。

本文以《简爱》两个中文译本为例，对英汉译艺进行浅析，旨在从新的角度探讨英汉译艺的一些特征。

《简爱》是由英国著名小说家大仲马创作的，讲述了小女孩简爱及其家庭成员们卷入英国上层社会的荒谬时代中，被迫屈服于社会的种种客观条件下的爱情的故事。

自上世纪八十年代以来，该作品就被世界各地的读者熟悉，受到广大读者的青睐。

其中有两种中文译本，分别是张梓敏译本和李元应译本。

张梓敏的译本重视文字的表达形式，将英文的精髓准确地传达出来，在表达和意义上贴近原文。

但他的译文中仍会有些陌生、生硬的词语，使得人们难以理解。

同时，他在译本中也加入了一些自己的理解，让读者能够更加清晰地理解文章的内容。

李元应的译本则比较注重叙事的流畅性，他的译本的文字更加流畅，但有时也会改变原意。

此外，他的译本中也加入了一些比喻等修辞手法，让读者能够从新的角度理解这部作品。

从上述对两种中译本译者英汉译艺角度分析，可以看出，英汉译艺本质上是根据原作的内容和文体特征，将英文表达的思想准确地传达到中文中，并采用相应的表达方式，使译文准确、丰富、流畅。

首先，译者需要熟悉英语语言特点，例如英式及美式语法、词汇及句子构造等，其中的趣味及表达也要搞清楚。

其次，译者也要深入理解原作的内涵，了解作者的意图，以便把握译文的灵魂，全面准确地表达文字的精髓。

此外，译者还要把握译文的风格和表达方式，以免违反文学惯例，使译文更具有文学性和文学质量。

因此，在实践中，译者们要更好地理解原作的文学思想，把握译文表达的重点，尽最大可能还原原作的内容，使译文表达准确、流畅。

同时，在译文中也可以加入自己的理解，丰富读者阅读体验，让读者能够准确地理解作者的思想，全面把握原文的内容和意义，从而使译文更加流畅有趣。

从《简·爱》等作品看英美文学作品口吻翻译中的语用分析

155文|邵胤从《简·爱》等作品看英美文学作品口吻翻译中的语用分析摘要：翻译是不同语言交流和解密的过程，也是传神的表达作者意图和口吻的过程。

《简·爱》是英国作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品，同时它也是英美文学代表性的作品。

通过对《简·爱》译本的经典对话、措词、句式等语用进行分析，可以发现恰当的口吻翻译可以重新原著的写作特点，也可以使我们更好的领略英美文学作品的语言魅力，体会文化的差异性。

关键词：《简·爱》；英美文学；口吻翻译；语用一、引言英美文学作品翻译中，语用分析是最为重要的方面。

英美文学作品是英语语用学的研究的典范，对译本进行语用分析，有助于我们更好的掌握英语语用。

英美文学作品翻译过程中，译者需重视人物对话、故事情节内容等的生动传神的翻译。

文学著作中人物情感、态度或周边环境氛围等，都在传达作者的态度和情感倾向。

特别是在文学作品评论中，作者的观点更是一种情感和语言的表达方式。

这种作者态度的表达也是审美观的表达，同时也是作品人物内心和情感倾向的体现和表达。

优秀的文学作品可以表达出不同意境的美感，令读者有不同的精神感受。

文学作品的翻译正是通过这种意境或口吻的表达来展现作者的情感、审美以及精神层次。

在文学作品中，口吻反映出作者想要表达的思想内涵，作者的情感倾向，口吻还是作者对作品人物阐述自己立场、观点和态度的一种语言方式，此外口吻还能勾勒出人物内心情感和行为方式。

口吻作为文学作品审美意象中的一部分,是一部作品表达的情感品质。

二、英语文学作品翻译中的语用分析译者翻译文学作品时，意境是读者对作品的感知，是一种抽象的感受。

因此，对于翻译人员来说，英语语用分析的正确理解和运用，能够确保译本符合原著情景，确保语法和结构正确，保证读者在阅读中感受作品的思想和情感。

1、语气词的运用在英美文学作品中，语气词有其独特的表达方式。

对于文学作家来讲，在艺术创作时会利用不同的方式、态度和语气来传神的描述人物的思想和精神世界，确保作品独居艺术魅力。

小说《简·爱》的文学赏析

小说《简·爱》的文学赏析1. 引言1.1 简·爱的背景介绍《简·爱》是英国作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特于1847年匿名出版的一部小说，是19世纪英国文学的经典之作。

小说讲述了一个孤儿女孩简·爱的成长历程，她从贫苦的家庭中艰难成长，最终通过努力学习和勇敢追求自由与平等，赢得幸福和尊重的故事。

简·爱的背景设定在乔治亚时代的英国乡村，这个时代是英国社会变革时期，工业革命和社会改革使得社会阶级结构产生了剧变。

小说中描绘了贵族庄园主人和庄园里的仆人、孤儿院的孩子们等不同社会阶层的人物形象，展示了当时社会的不公和压迫现象。

通过对简·爱的背景介绍，读者可以更深入地了解故事发生的时代背景和社会环境，从而更好地理解和品味小说中所揭示的人性、社会阶级、爱情等主题。

简·爱这个角色的成长经历，也反映了作者勃朗特对女性权益和社会公正的关注和思考，具有深刻的现实意义和历史价值。

1.2 简·爱的主题《简·爱》的主题主要围绕着自我意识、自尊自爱、个人解放以及女性独立等议题展开。

通过主人公简·爱的成长历程，小说探讨了女性在19世纪英国社会中的地位和角色。

简·爱从小就饱受欺凌和孤立，但她从未放弃对自我价值和幸福的追求。

她勇敢地面对困境，坚持追求真相和自由，最终实现了自我的完善和独立。

简·爱的形象在小说中是一个极具现代意义的女性形象，她不愿受人摆布、不甘颓废堕落，她追求心灵的自由和平等的尊重。

简·爱的坚强和独立，引发了读者对传统观念的思考和对自我认知的反思，塑造了一个积极向上、独立自主的正能量形象。

通过简·爱这一角色的塑造，小说呼吁人们要勇敢面对生活，坚守自我，追求内心的真善美，实现人格独立和自我价值。

《简·爱》的主题深刻而广泛，触及了人性的深层次，引发了读者对自我和社会的深刻思考。

2. 正文2.1 人物描写在小说《简·爱》中，夏洛蒂·勃朗特通过对主人公简·爱的人物描写，展现了一个坚强、独立、勇敢的女性形象。

高中英语Unit2Whatishappinesstoyou英美文化欣赏教案(含解析)牛津译林版选修6

Unit 2 What is happiness to you【导读】《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)是英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的长篇小说，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。

阅读下面选取的有关亲情的节选，对比中外文化中对亲情态度的异同。

Jane Eyre(excerpt)The red roomWe could not go for a walk that afternoon.There was such a freezing cold wind，and such heavy rain，that we all stayed indoors.I was glad of it.I never liked long walks，especially in winter.I used to hate coming home when it was almost dark，with icecold fingers and toes，feeling miserable because Bessie，the nursemaid，was always scolding me.All the time I knew I was different from my cousins，Eliza，John and Georgiana Reed.They were taller and stronger than me，and they were loved.These three usually spent their time crying and quarrelling，but today they were sitting quietly around their mother in the sittingroom.I wanted to join the family circle，but Mrs Reed，my aunt，refused，Bessie had complained about me.“No，I'm sorry，Jane.Until I hear from Bessie，or see for myself，that you are really trying to behave better，you cannot be treated as a good，happy child，like my children.”“What does Bessie say I have done？” I asked.“Jane，it is not polite to question me in that way.If you cannot speak pleasantly，be quiet.”I crept out of the sittingroom and into the small room next door，where I chosea book full of pictures from the bookcase.I climbed on to the window—seat and drew the curtains，so that I was completely hidden.I sat there for a while.Sometimes I looked out of the window at the grey November afternoon，and saw the rain pouring down on the leafless garden.But most of the time I studied the book and stared，fascinated，at the pictures.Lost in the world of imagination，I forgot my sad，lonely existence for a while，and was happy，I was only afraid that my secret hidingplace might be discovered.Suddenly the door of the room opened.John Reed rushed in.“Where are you，rat？” he shouted.He did not see me behind the curtain.“Eliza! Georgiana! Jane isn't here! Tell Mamma she's run out into the rain—what a bad animalshe is！”“How lucky I drew the curtain，” I thought.He would never have found me，because he was not very intelligent.But Eliza guessed at once where I was.“She's in the windowseat，John，” she called from the sittingroom.So I came out immediately，as I did not want him to pull me out.“What do you want？” I asked him.“Say，‘What do you want，Master Reed’，” he answered，sitting in an armchair.“I want you to come h ere.”John Reed was fourteen and I was only ten.He was large and rather fat.He usually ate too much at meals，which made him ill.He should have been at boarding school，but his mother，who loved him very much，had brought him home for a month or two，because she thought his health was delicate.John did not love his mother or his sister，and he hated me.He bullied and punished me，not two or three times a week，not once or twice a day，but all the time.My whole body trembled when he came near.Sometimes he hit me，sometimes he just threatened me，and I lived in terrible fear of him.I had no idea about how to stop him.The servants did not want to offend their young master，and Mrs Reed could see no fault in her dear boy.So I obeyed John's order and approached his armchair，thinking how very ugly his face was.Perhaps he understood what I was thinking，for he hit me hard on the face.“That is for your rudeness to Mamma just now，” he said，“and for your wickedness in hiding，and for looking at me like that，you rat！” I was so used to his bullying that I never thought of hitting him back.“What were you doing behind that curtain？” he asked.“I was reading，” I answered.“Show me the book.” I gave it to him.《简·爱》(节选)红房子那天下午，我们不能出去散步。

《简·爱》英语文体学分析

《简·爱》英语文体学分析《简·爱》文体分析摘要：文体学是连接语言学和文学批评的桥梁，它集中探讨作者如何通过对语言的选择来表达和加强主题意义和美学效果。

《简·爱》是英国著名女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特最为经典的作品。

本文从文体学的角度对《简·爱》进行分析，探讨其在词汇运用、情节发展、人物刻画及主题思想方面的特点。

一、作者简介夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部约克郡的豪渥斯的一个乡村牧师家庭。

母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所专收神职人员孤女的慈善性机构——柯文桥女子寄宿学校。

在那里，她的两个姐姐玛丽亚和伊丽莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。

于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。

后来她曾作家庭教师，最终她投身于文学创作的道路。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特有两个姐姐、两个妹妹和一个弟弟。

两个妹妹，即艾米莉·勃朗特和安妮·勃朗特，也是著名作家，因而在英国文学史上常有“勃朗特三姐妹”之称。

二、小说内容概要简·爱是一个孤儿，寄住在舅母家，从小受尽欺侮和白眼。

她被送进一家慈善学校，在那里，她学会了如何在恶劣的条件下生存，并最终成为该校的一名教师。

后来，她应聘报纸广告上的职位，来到桑菲尔德庄园，担任庄园的主人罗切斯特先生收养的小女孩阿黛尔的家庭教师。

简·爱相貌平平，出身寒微，却诚实真挚，独立自强，敢于表达自己的观点。

罗切斯特被简·爱所深深吸引，而她也爱上了罗切斯特。

就在他们即将成婚之际，简·爱得知罗切斯特已有妻室，她就是被关在阁楼里的疯女人伯莎。

简·爱拒绝了罗切斯特要她留下来的请求，离开了桑菲尔德庄园。

无家可归的简·爱被圣约翰·里弗斯兄妹收留，原来他们竟是表亲。

圣约翰要去印度传教，他认为简·爱的品格非常适合做牧师的妻子，于是向她求婚，而简·爱却对罗切斯特念念不忘。

本科英语专业英语毕业论文《简爱》中简爱性格分析

本科英语专业英语毕业论文《简爱》中简爱性格分析AbstractJane Eyre, a novel written by Charlotte Bronte, has been widely acclaimed for depicting the life of a young governess and the social and psychological challenges that she faces. Using a combination of analytical and literary methods, this paper analyzes the character traits of the protagonist, Jane Eyre, in terms of her personality, social circumstances, and relationships with other characters. The analysis reveals that Jane Eyre is an independent, intelligent, and strong-willed individual who is guided by her sense of morality and duty. Her relationship with Mr. Rochester reflects her inner conflicts and highlights her struggle for self-realization and empowerment.Keywords: Jane Eyre, character analysis, personality, social circumstances, relationships.IntroductionJane Eyre is a remarkable novel that depicts the life of an orphan girl who strives to find love, liberty, and happiness in a society that is marked by poverty, inequality, and oppression. The protagonist of the novel, Jane Eyre, is a complex and multi-dimensional character who represents the changing values and aspirations of the Victorian era. Her personality is marked by a combination of virtues and flaws that reflect her social background, educational experiences, and personal struggles. This paper analyzes the character traits of Jane Eyre in terms of her personality, social circumstances, and relationships with other characters.Personality AnalysisJane Eyre is characterized by a strong and determined personality that is based on her sense of morality, justice, and independence. She is portrayed as a highly intelligent and perceptive individual who is capable of critical thinking, articulate expression, and creative imagination. She is also resilient and resourceful, as she is able to overcome the obstacles and challenges that she faces in her life. Her moral compass is guided by her Christian values, which emphasize the importance of honesty, kindness, and compassion.Social Circumstances AnalysisJane Eyre's social circumstances are shaped by her status as an orphan and a governess, both of which place her in a vulnerable and marginalized position in the social hierarchy. She grows up in poverty and isolation, without the love and guidance of a family. Her education is marked by strict discipline and harsh treatment, which instills in her a sense of self-reliance and self-respect. As a governess, she is subjected to the arbitrary and often cruel rules of her employers, who treat her as a servant and a subordinate.Relationship AnalysisJane Eyre's relationships with other characters are central to her development and transformation throughout the novel. Her relationship with Mr. Rochester, her employer and love interest, is characterized by a complex interplay of emotions and conflicts. Despite their differences in age, social status, and personal history, they are drawn to each other by their shared sense of passion, intelligence, and wit. However, their relationship is also marked by secrets, lies, and misunderstandings that threaten to undermine their trust and love for each other. Through her interactions with Mr. Rochester, Jane Eyre discovers her own identity and learns to assert her autonomy and independence.ConclusionJane Eyre's character is a product of her social and historical context, as well as her individual experiences and aspirations. She is a complex and fascinating figure who embodies the contradictions and struggles of the Victorian era. Her personality is characterized by a strong sense of morality, intelligence, and independence, which enable her to navigate the challenges and opportunities of her life. Her relationships with other characters, particularly Mr. Rochester, are a source of growth and transformation, as well as pain and conflict. Overall, Jane Eyre is a powerful and inspiring figure who continues to captivate readers with her indomitable spirit and fierce determination to achieve her dreams.。

抽象与具体表达法的英汉对比研究——以《简爱》(Jane Eyre)为例

2018年06期总第394期翻译研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUS抽象与具体表达法的英汉对比研究——以《简爱》(Jane Eyre)为例文/周昕【摘要】由于英汉民族历史、文化等多方面的差异，英语惯用抽象表达法，而汉语则更偏向于具体的表达手法。

这是英汉两种语言的一大显著差异，而此差异的存在，给英汉互译造成了一定难度。

本文通过对《简爱》(Jane Eyre)两个经典译本——祝庆英译本和黄源深译本的对比分析，结合两译本中的具体案例，探讨英汉互译中抽象与具体表达法的差异。

【关键词】抽象与具体；简爱；英汉对比【作者简介】周昕(1994- )，女，山东菏泽人，贵州师范大学外国语学院，研究方向：英语笔译翻译。

一、引言英汉对比研究表明，英语往往运用抽象的、一般的概念来表达具体的意象，抽象思维是主要思维方式，而汉语则倾向于具体的表达形式，善于把事物具象化，具象思维占据主导地位。

《简·爱》的汉译本目前已多达20余种，其中上海译文出版社1990年出版的由祝庆英翻译的译本(译文版)和译林出版社1994年出版的由黄源深翻译的译本(译林版)是较为出色的两个汉译本。

《简·爱》的英文原版中涉及大量抽象表达，本文将这两个译本对抽象表达的处理方式进行对比，继而分析出英汉互译中抽象与具体表达方式的差异。

二、抽象和具体思维与英汉语言特征中西方受地理、历史和认知等因素的影响，形成了不同的思维方式，西方侧重于抽象思维方式，中方则倾向于具象思维。

西方人在思维模式上比较注重科学和理性，更加看重分析和实践，喜欢在重复的论证中实现对事物的认识，最后才归纳总结事物的本质特征，找出内在的规律。

而中国的思维模式则是更加看重经验且依靠直觉，喜欢从总体上把握和认识事物，对事物本质和规律的认知也是从模糊的总体上来完成的。

因此，在词汇的使用上，西方人更习惯用范畴词来表示具体的事物，多使用抽象名词、不定时、动名词甚至是主语从句作为话题主体，而中国的象形文字就决定了汉语具象化的特点，多倾向于使用具象化的词汇。

英语毕业论文9909全英文：分析简

分析简•爱的美AbstractJane Eyre is written by famous talented English critical realist woman novelist Charlotte Bronte in 1846. Although having more than 152 years by now, it is popular with lots of people because of the heroine —Jane. Eyre.As an English idio m goes, ―Beauty is but skin-deep‖. A person‘s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty. The thesis focuses on the analysis of Jane Eyre‘s beauty, on the assumption that more people may act like ―Jane‖ and possess inner beauty. First, it introduces the author Charlotte Bronte and Jane Eyre‘ path of life, as well as its historical background of this work. Second, it mainly analyses the characters in Jane Eyre through her life experience in terms of psychology, language, mentality, behavior and so on to reflect the theme. Third, it is about Jane‘s love. It express Jane‘ longing and pursuit for the most beautiful characteristic of human beings, which enlighten us greatly. Finally, it has a discussion about Jane‘s perso nalities and concludes that Jane is a beautiful feminist.Key WordsFemale; independent; dignity; freedom; equal; beautiful摘要《简•爱》是英国著名女作家夏洛蒂—勃朗特的代表作写于1846年。

《简爱》英文简约赏析

Jane Eyre护理5126 张钰文Let me tell what I feel after reading the great work Jane Erye.I was really move by Jane Erye after closing the book.What a kind and good woman!Mrs Eyre had a heart of gold.She really loved everyone around her,and gave others help sincerely.She respected herself and did her best to do everything.I really love her.She are both a great teacher and a good friend of mine.Sometimes when I am confuse,I will think of her.I will imagine what will she do if she is I.Why not read Jane Erye my friends!Jane eyre is a novel color autobiography, it explains the theme: people's value = dignity + love. Jane. Love living in a parents, sponsor, grew up under the environment of treatment with peers, aunt abandon, cousin contempt, cousin insults and beating of a child... this is the dignity of the ruthless trample, but perhaps because it all, Jane. Love and faith of infinite indomitable spirit, a kind of inner personality can win. In rochester, she never because he is a teacher and the family status meanness, but that they feel inferior is equal. Should not because she is a servant, but not respected by others. Also because of her integrity, noble and pure heart, no pollution, secular society for the shock, and rochester her as a spiritual and equality in the conversation, and slowly and deeply in love with her. Jane eyre itself to us is a kind of simplified, is a fanpiaoguizhen, is a kind of pursuit of whole heart feeling, is a kind of simplified feelings and neglected, it is like a cup of。

简爱性格分析论文(英语)

简爱的双重性格分析摘要：英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简·爱》在英国文学史上占有重要是的地位。

作者在其作品中成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象---简·爱。

女主人公鲜明的性格特征给广大读者留下了深刻的印象。

本文主要结合女主人公简·爱的生活经历，分析其正面和负面的双重性格特征，使人们更深层次的了解《简·爱》及其现实意义。

关键词：夏洛蒂·勃朗特简·爱双重性格An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Dual CharactersAbstract： The novel "Jane Eyre" which was written by Charlotte Bronte occupies an important status in English literature. In her work, the author successfully portrayed a great female image--- Jane Eyre. The bright characters of the heroine give readers a deep impression. This paper gives an analytical study of dual characters of Jane Eyre; so as to help people understand "Jane Eyre" deeper and comprehend its realistic significance more.Key words: Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Dual CharactersContents1. Introduction (1)2. The Introduction of the Author and Jane Eyre (2)2.1 The Introduction of the Author (2)2.2 The Introduction of the Jane Eyre (3)3. Jane Eyre’s Positive Character (4)3.1 Manifestations of Jane Eyre’s Positive Character (4)3.1.1 Jane Eyre’s Independence (4)3.1.2 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Equality (5)3.1.3 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Liberty (6)3.1.4 Spirit of Pursuing Equal and True Love (7)3.2 The Factors of Jane Eyre’s Positive Character (7)3.2.1 Influence of Jane Eyre’s Misfortunes and Sufferings (7)3.2.2 Influence of Social Background during the Victorian Age (8)4. Jane Eyre’s Negative Characters (9)4.1 Manifestations of Jane Eyre’s Negative Characters (9)4.1.1 Jane Eyre’s self-contemptuous (9)4.1.2 Jane Eyre’s Worship of Traditional Marriage (10)4.2 The Factors of Jane Eyre’s Negative Characters (11)4.2.1 Infl uence of Jane Eyre’s Plain Appearance (11)4.2.2 Influence of Personal Experience of Charlotte Bronte (11)5. Conclusion (12)Acknowledgements ........................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

《简·爱》中的语言变体及其翻译

《简·爱》中的语言变体及其翻译第27卷第3期2012年3月乐山师范学院JournalofLeshanTeachersConegeV o1.27.No.3Mar.2012《简?爱》中的语言变体及其翻译张焰明(韩山师范学院外语系,广东潮州521041)摘要:社会语言学研究语言变体,语言变体包刮与使用者相关的语言变体—言和与用途相关的语言变体——语域.《简-爱》中的译例分析表明,语言变体是文本风格的有机组成部分.译者应根据英汉两种语言不同的特点力求译文的语言变体与原文的语言变体功能相当.关键词:语言变体;方言;语域;《简?爱》;风格中图分类号:H315.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1009—8666(2012)03—0069-05《简?爱》是19世纪英国杰出的女作家夏洛特?勃朗特(CharlotteBront~)的代表作,是一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的现实主义小说,文笔优美,构思奇特.正是这种内容与形式的完美结合使得该小说成为世界文学经典,也使得简?爱一词具有象征意义.自1935年李霁野翻译引进国内,《简?爱》至今有二十多个译本,在中国读者中久盛不衰.对于这些译本的评论也是多种多样,据笔者在中国知网调查得知, 1994年至2010年对于其风格的评析有四篇,都是对该译本标准语言风格在用词造句和篇章方面的评论.但《简?爱》包含形式多样的语言变体,对此则未见有文章进行评论,而这些语言变体是作品风格的有机组成部分,往往对译者构成严峻的挑战.本文旨在评析《简?爱》中的语言变体及其翻译的方法,以期对文学作品语体风格的翻译有所裨益.一,语言变体与翻译社会语言学是20世纪60年代后期和70年代初期兴起的一门学科,它主张在语言的社会环境中研究语言,研究社会现象和过程在语言中的反映,即语言中的各种变体.它所理解的”社会”是由不同阶层构成的,是以种种社会关系联系在一起的各式各样的,大大小小的群体.这些群体有各自的社会语言,是语言的”血肉”部分.语言与社会之间相互作用,存在着多种可能的关系.其一是社会结构可能影响或决定语言结构和语言行为,如小孩和成人讲话不一样,男性与女性说话有差别.其二是语言结构和行为也会影响或决定社会结构,如英美国家未受到良好教育因而语言不规范的黑人难以跻身于上层社会.社会语言所研究的语言变体包刮多种不同的类型:地区,阶级或教育程度,语境和交际双方关系, 交际目的和内容,媒介等.由此可见,语言变体是指语言因使用者在地域,时间,社会阶层等方面的不同,或因使用时语境不同而出现的语言变异.哈特姆(B.Hatim)和梅森(L.Mason)就把语言变体明确分为:(1)与使用者相关的语言变体——方言(dialects);(2)与用途相关的语言变体——语域(registers).前者包括地域方言,时代方言,社会方言,(非)标准方言及个人语言,后者包括语场(field),语式(mode)和语旨(tenor).【l】把社会语言学的研究成果引入翻译理论和翻译实践是必不可少的.在翻译文化转向的今天,我们可以清楚地看到,翻译不仅是一种语言现象,更是一种社会文化现象,它的一系列重要的特征就属于社会语言学研究的范畴.德国莱比锡学派翻译理论的奠基人卡德(O.Kade)就明确指出:翻译是一种社会现收稿日期:2011—10-28作者简介:张焰明(1963一),男,安徽安庆人,韩山师范学院外语系讲师,硕士,研究方向:翻译理论与实践和翻译教学.69象,是受社会环境制约并为社会意向服务的言语活动.嘲在翻译实践中,语言的社会变体的处理往往构成翻译过程中的难题.因此,我们有必要对原语和译语的语言变体进行对比研究,对原文的语音,词汇,语法,语篇的语体进行分析,使译作与原作具有同样的语体风格.唯其如此,才能使原作中形象各异的人物在译作中表现得恰如其分,各种情景在译作中得到毕真的再现.二,《简?爱》中的语言变体与译文评析《简?爱》中的人物形形色色,刻画得栩栩如生;情景多种多样,描绘得惟妙惟肖.这与作品中恰到好处的语言变体是密不可分的.本文采用哈特姆和梅森提出的与使用者相关的语言变体——方言和与用途相关的语言变体——语域对《简?爱》中的一些译例进行分析.本文所用原本是牛津大学出版社1980年版的JaneEyre圈,所选译例来自两个名译本:上海译文出版社的祝庆英译本【4】(以下简称祝版)和译林出版社的黄源深译本嘲(以下简称黄版).f一)与使用者相关的语言变体——方言方言一词最早见于希腊语,它原指具有共同来源而在不同地区通用的书面语变体,现在用来指因语言使用者的不同情况而出现的语言变体,可见方言是一个统称.方言主要包括:(1)地域方言——语言使用者因地域上的不同表现出的语言变体,如中国的南北方言.(2)时间方言——语言使用者因时间上的差异表现出的语言变体,如古代英语,中古英语和现代英语.(3)社会方言——语言使用者因社会阶层上的不同表现出的语言变体,影响这种语言变体的因素有社会经济地位,文化教养以及民族,宗教,职业,年龄,性别等.恰到好处的方言运用,对人物形象的塑造,对地域文化特性的凸显和对作品语言的审美能起到很大作用.下面就分析《简?爱》中的一些译例,看原文中的方言是否得到有效传译.例1.…Shewillbeglad:nobodyhere understandsher:MadameFaiffaxisallEnglish. Sophieismynurse;shecalnethmeoverthe8PAtin agreatshipwithachimneythatsmoked——h(nit didsmoke!嘲∞祝版:”……她一定高兴,这儿谁也听不懂她的话,菲尔费克斯太太只会说英语.索菲是我的保姆,她跟我一块儿乘一条大船从海上过来.船上有冒烟的烟囱——冒的烟真多啊!”[4]90黄版:”……她会很开心的,这里没有人懂她的70话,而费尔法克斯太太又满口英语.索菲娅是我的保姆,同我一起乘了条大船穿过海洋,船上有个烟囱冒着烟——多浓的烟呀!”-这是简?爱受聘到盖茨海德(Gateshead)当家庭教师时,她的学生阿黛勒(Addle)初次见面的谈话,引文启首的She指她的保姆Sophie.阿黛勒只有七八岁光景,谈话自然与成人有别,这一点从以上引文就可以看出:措词为随意体(casua1)或非正式体(informa1),句式简单,随意性强,节奏快.这些都体现了小主人公悄皮,机灵的性格.译者在翻译儿童语体时要体会儿童的认知水平,抓住其随意性的特点,把握好遣词造句的尺度,才能译出符合儿童趣味的话语来.为此,首先要译出”童味”,也就是像童语.如howitdidsmoke!黄版译成的”多浓的烟呀!”不及祝版”冒的烟真多啊!”的儿语味足;”而”字显得较为正式,也超出了”童味”语体.第二,选词简单,这与儿童的文化水平直接相关.如glad,allEnglish,祝版分别译为”高兴”和”只会说英语”,而黄版分别译为”很开心的”和”又满口英语”,相比之下,前者更显儿童讲话水平,后者译语成人化,不符合说话者的身份.第三,长句化短.比较而言,英语句子一般比汉语句子长,这与两民族思维不同有关,西方重分析,东方人重综合,体现在语言上,英语句子呈树形,汉语句子呈竹节形.上面引文最后一句较长,两版都拆开,更符合中国儿童说话的口吻.也许祝庆英是女性,对儿童说话观察得更仔细,体会得更深,其译文整体上更符合儿童语体风格.例2.‟Ibelieve‟shesaid,‟1wasquitemista‟en inmythoughtsofyou:butthereis80monycheam goesabout,youmunforgieme.‟…Andthough,‟Icontinued,ratherseverely,‟you wishedtoturnmefromthedoor,onanightwhenyou shouldnothaveshutoutadog.‟祝版:”我相信,”她说,”我把你完全看错了;可是外面骗子那么多,你得原谅我啊.”“而且,”我有点严肃地继续说,”你连狗都不应该关在门外的夜里,却要把我从门口赶走.”【唧瑚黄版:”我相信,”她说,”我完全把你看错了,不过这里来往的骗子很多,你得原谅我.”“而且,”我往下说,口气颇有些严历,”尽管你要在—个连条狗都不该撵走的夜晚,把我赶出门外.‟以上引文的背景是简?爱在离开桑菲尔德(Thornfield)漂泊三天后,来到她后来才知道的表兄妹家,家中的仆人汉娜(Hannah)开始时对落难的她采取歧视的态度.从引文中的对话可以看出:前者无论在语音层面,如mista‟en,词汇层面,如mony, mun,forgie,还是句子层面,如thereisSOmonycheats goesabout都是使用作者所在地英国北部山区约克郡方言.后者发音,用词和语法符合规范英语.两相对比,俗分明.从语言学的角度看,语言的正式和非正式只是不同的变体而已;但从社会语言学的角度看,语言的不同变体却有”贵”“贱”之分—一个人所使用的语言往往能透露出这个人的社会背景, 家庭出身和文化教养等.所以语言常被称作社会指示剂(socialindicator),不仅传达文字内容,也负载社会信息.由此可见,在以上对话中,前者的方言土语负载的社会信息就是说话者未受过正规教育,属社会低等阶层.译语读者能否领会这种差别,取决于译者对语言的不同变体处理是否得当.译界对不规范语言的翻译一般有三种方法:(1)用标准语言替代不规范语言,(2)方言对译,(3)tiP兴创造一种人工语言来翻译.以上两个译文都是用标准语言替代不规范语言,采用这种方法的译文固然清楚易懂,但在文学翻译中,却违反了形式表达内容的宗旨,无法体现原文语言形式所蕴含的深层意义,在译语文化读者中达不到相同的效果.如果采用方言对译,如山东方言“俺1一字之类,几句话倒无妨,如果是很长的篇章,无疑使原文带上很浓的中国地域文化色彩.即兴创造一种人工语言来翻译可避免两者的不足,倒不失是一种灵活的策略.笔者用第三种方法试译:”我想,”她说,”我对你的看法完全错着呢,不过骗子好多,到处走动,你可要原量(谅)我.”不过这种译法需要符合译语习惯,有规律可循,就如原文中一样,读者一眼就可看出这种语言变体:mista‟en——11listaken; mony一——1Ⅱany;mun——.must;f0e_——娜ve; thereisSOmonycheatsgoesabout一——__-t}lereareso manycheatsgoingabout,也就是说原文不标准的英语,并不影响所要表达的完整性和流利性.此外.飞白(刮号加注)不宜过多,否则影响读者阅读的连续性.由于英语是表音文字,易于在语言各层次上制造变体,汉语是表意文字,变体更多限于词汇,译者只能从整体上把握,充分发挥译语优势,灵活变通,并在生动的语言实践中寻觅语言素材.完全复制原文是不可能的,只要译文读者能体会到语言变体的目的,就达到了基本要求.例3.‟Iagainmovetheintroductionofanewtopic.Mr.Rochester,doyousecondmymotion?‟…Madam,Isupportyouonthispointasonevery0t}ler.‟…Theno1mebeonusofbringingitforward. SigniorEduardo.areyouinvoicetonight?‟13]∞祝版:”我再次提议采用新的话题.罗切斯特先生,你附和我的动议吗?”“小姐,我支持你这个观点,就跟支持其他一切观点一样.”“那么提出新话题的责任在我罗.Signior Eduardo,今晚你嗓子好吗?”嗍坝黄版:”我再次提议换一个新话题,罗切斯特先生,你赞成我的提议吗?”“小姐,无论是这件事还是别的事情,我都支持你.”“那得由我把这件事提出来了.SigniorEduardo,今晚你嗓子行吗?”四邵在《简?爱》中,作者塑造了众多有血有肉,个性突出的人物形象,贵族小姐英格拉姆(Ingrain)就是其中的一个.她人长得漂亮,才艺出众,但浑身充满了“贵族气”.在罗切斯特举行的晚会上,她趾高气扬(onhighhorse),戏弄善良的丹特太太(Mrs.Dent),斥骂阿得拉,嘲讽当家庭教师的简?爱,和她妈妈说法语(所谓高贵的语言).上面引文是她同罗切斯特在晚会上的对话.短短的几句话就用了move,second, motion,onus,bringforward,invoice等极正式和高雅的词语,还用了意大利语SigniorEduardo,句式也是直套极正式的官场文体.人们的言语具有习惯性, 读者往往能判断什么话出自谁之口.英格拉姆用这样的语体,足见其装腔作势,故弄玄虚.而罗切斯特的答话把second换成support,两种语体出现在一问一答中,显得刺目和不协调.一词之换传达了言者的言外之义:嘲讽对方打官腔,俨然是个女王.本来英格拉姆这种话语属于语域范畴,这里转到了方言上, 标示人物说了与场合不相适应的话.这种语域混淆或语篇范围的错位,故意与原语境造成冲突,达到了讥讽的修辞效果,可见这是作者精心设计的.”小说中人物的塑造,除了直接或间接描写外,另外一个重要途径就是通过人物对话来实现的.”[句如果译者对这种人物的语言变体没有引起足够的注意,以致典雅语言通俗化,那么作者绞尽脑汁塑造的人物形象就会走样.祝版正是准确地抓住了作者让作品中的人物说这种话的意图,紧扣原文突显这种意图的字眼,用了”提议”“附和”“动议”“责任”这一类正式词汇,而罗的答话则译成了非正式语体.这种不同语体的准确传译使得英格拉姆不可一世的骄横神态跃然纸上.(二)与用途相关的语言变体——语域哈特姆和梅森语言变体中语域的划分来自韩礼71德的语域理论,包括三个部分:语场,语式和语旨.语场是指交际目的和主题,可以是专门性的,如语言学,诗歌;也可以是非专门性的,如购物,私人书信.语场决定交际时所用的词汇及语法特征.语式指交际的方式,分为口头语和书面语,即听觉和视觉两种,而且还包括修辞方式.语旨指参与者之间的关系,如课堂上课时,参与者为老师和学生,其关系为师生关系.语旨决定交际时所用语言的正式程度.美国语言学家Joos把语体分为冷漠体(frozen),正式体(forma1),商量体(consuhative),随便体casua1),和亲密体(intimate).但是,语场,语式和语旨不是孤立的. 而是相互依存的.译者的任务就是将这三个方面有机融入到译文中去,力求译文与原文在语域上保持一致.下面是《简?爱》中的一些译例,我们来分析一下译文与原文是否达到语域对等.例4.‟Wiltthouhavethiswomanforthyweddedwife?‟131~1祝版:”你要娶这个女人作你正式的妻子么?”[41z70黄版:”你愿意娶这个女人为结发妻子吗?”[51334这是简?爱和罗切斯特在教堂举行婚礼时,牧师对罗切斯特的一句问话.从牧师后来用现代英语的讲话可知,这是教堂举行婚礼时的宗教仪式用语,用的是古朴,高雅和精炼的古语体,具有程式化和固定性.句中的用词Wilt,thou,thy,wedded是古英语,属极为正式的冷漠体(frozen),无疑主题是在庄重肃穆的场合发生的.两译者也无疑能识别这种语言变体, 然而在译文中却没有表达出来,这不是因为他们没有用古汉语表达这一语体的水平(从两版对原文中信件的翻译可知.见本文例6,而是因为他们注重了内容的传译,忽视了构成风格的语言变体所致.我们知道,在现实生活中,行业不同,”行话”就不一样,语体也就有差异.如果忽略了这一点,译文只是文字的转换,少了难得的”译味”,难以创造出活灵活现的情景来.原文中有9个单词,祝版和黄版分别用了15 和14个汉字,缺乏原语体的精炼.笔者试译:汝愿娶此女为正妻否?也许拙译难登大雅之堂,但基本上做到了语体正式程度相当.读者至少意识到牧师在教堂举行婚礼仪式时,用的是庄重精炼的古文体.这种语域对等既毕真地再现了原文的场景,又向译文读者传递了这一文化现象.例5.Idangersdared;Ihindrancescorned;/I omensdiddefy;/Whatevermenaced,harassed, warned√Ipassedimpetuousby.祝版:我不畏艰险,我蔑视障碍,俄向凶兆挑战;卜切威吓,骚扰和警告,俄置之不理,毫不胆寒.[41~3 72黄版:艰难险阻,我毫不畏惧,,种种凶兆,我敢于蔑视./一切骚扰,警告和威胁,/我都漠然处置.[51315 这是罗切斯特向恋人简?爱表达爱情诗中的一节,他表示无论有多少艰难险阻,都有矢志不渝地追求真爱的勇气.激情高亢,形象生动的语言显然在于表情,其语式是以直接引语形式出现的口语体.同普通语言相比,诗歌也是一种语言变体;同其它文学体裁相比,诗歌的风格也有其本身的特色.这种语体风格主要体现在诗性语言,节奏和用韵三个方面.原诗在这三个方面的表现如何?首先我们看到,诗中用了排比和倒装手段(当然倒装的主要原因是为了押韵).第一,二行句子的parallelism和第三行单词的parallelism都是结构相同,意义相关,有视觉上的均衡美和读音上的节奏美,表示作者克服困难的坚定意志,有排山倒海,震撼人心的气势.而第一,二行中的倒装和第三,四行之间的倒装,使诗句错落有致, 不显单调,前置宾语得到强调,突出了种种艰难困苦;也使后置部分获得了特殊的交际价值,即诗人不畏艰难的决心.在节奏方面,一,三行是八个音节,抑扬格四音步,二,四行是六个音节,抑扬格三音步.英语是具有节奏感的语言,而英诗最能体现这一特点. 诗中一连串轻重相间的抑扬节奏,读起来刚劲有力, 情调激昂,表示了一种决心和勇气.从用韵来看,一, 三行用同一个脚韵,二,四行用同一个脚韵,韵式为abab交韵,同时第一行还用了腹韵.有了这些韵律, 诗句读来朗朗上口,听来悦耳动听,极大地增加了诗的艺术感染力.怎样把该诗的这些特点转译成汉语呢?谈到译诗,我们不免想起Poetryiswhatgetslost intranslation(诗是翻译中失去的东西)这句话,诗歌难译就在于如何处理表层结构同其内涵意蕴之间的复杂而又有机连结的关系.如果放弃诗歌的形式因素,译作则变成了乏味的释义白描.我们看看两个译作是否体现了原诗的三个特点.在诗性语言方面,两版该译出了原文的parallelism;祝版未译出第一,二行中的倒装,而黄版全部译出.在节奏方面,原诗严谨的节奏在两译文未得到完全体现.英诗节奏表现为轻重音的交替,汉诗节奏表现为平仄声的对立.“这种整齐的节奏是最重要的,是一个必不少的条件.”【7】尽管译界并未强调汉译英诗严格遵循平仄规律,但抛弃了节奏也就抛弃了诗歌本身.50年代卞之琳等学者提出的”以顿代步”符合英汉两种语言的特性,也很具操作性.再就韵式来说,押韵是构成诗歌的重要因素,好的用韵可使诗歌具有音乐感,押韵几乎成了汉诗的标志.只是到了现代,随着诗体的变化和发展,押韵不再得到强调.但一般来说,原诗有脚韵,译文亦应有脚韵.在上面引文中,原诗为abab交韵,两版虽因汉语和英语音韵系统有异,没有模仿原诗韵式,但为求诗歌的音韵之美,还是想办法采用双行押韵:Xaxa.根据以上分析和参考两版译文,笔者试译:艰难险阻我不畏惧,,凶兆我敢蔑视.,任它骚扰,警告和威胁,/我都傲然处置.例6.…MADAM,…Wmyou havethegoodnesstosendmethe addressofmyniece,JaneEyre,andtotellmehow sheis:itismyintentiontowriteshortlyanddesireher tocometomeatMaderia.Providencehasblessedmy endeavourstosecureacompetency;andasIam unmarriedandchildless,1wishtoadoptherduringmy life.andbequeathheratmydeathwhateverImay havetoleave.‟…IBin,Madam,&c.&c.…JOHNEYRE,Madeira.‟祝版:[4]22o夫人:请惠告舍侄女筒?爱通讯处,并告知其近况如何;我拟即时去函嘱她来马德拉我处.蒙上天赐福, 我苦心经营后,得以获致相当财产;我未婚,无嗣,望能趁我健在,收她为养女,并在我去世后将一切遗产留赠给她.约翰?爱谨启于马德拉黄版:夫人:烦请惠寄我侄女简?爱的地址,并告知其近况.我欲立即去信,盼她来马德拉我处.皇天不负有心人, 目前我家境富裕.我未娶无后,甚望有生之年将她收为养女,并在死后将全部财产馈赠与她.顺致敬意.约翰?爱谨启于马德拉这是一封私人信件,属应用文体.应用文主要讲求信息性,语言的简练和规范性.”与文学体裁相比, 应用文的‟文本个性‟不太明显”[81.但译者不可忽视不同的应用文本自身的交际功能和目的以及与之相关的语言变体——其措词,句子,篇章和修辞也有自身的特点.以上是简?爱的叔叔约翰?爱写给简?爱舅妈里德夫人(Mrs.Reed)的信,要求告知简?爱的下落以及意欲收其为养女之事.原文的在用词上刻意求工,精致优美,如havethegoodness,desire, Providence,endeavours,secureacompetency, bequeath,句子结构紧凑,组织严密,语篇也符合私人信件的规范,最后一句里还巧用了parallelism的修辞手法.这一切足以说明这是一封很正式的书信,显而易见是书面体.从两个译文看,两个译者都得心应手,都使用符合译语文化观念和习用语言结构模式的表达方式,达到功能上的对等,读来颇有文采.这表面看起来简单,但为保持全篇语体风格的一致,就要把信的整体译成略带古汉语体的文字,译者的汉语功底可见一斑.若细论措词风格,黄版的”无后”“死后”有些直白,语式不对称;还有为保持语体的一致性以致归化稍重,如”皇天不负有心人”,而”家境”一词有些以词害义.但”有生之年”较之祝版”趁我健在”更适合全篇的语体.三,结语以上用方言和语域对《简?爱》中的语言变体进行了分析,并对其翻译进行了评析.可以看出,对于方言的翻译,译者需要了解各种变体的翻译方法,而对于语域的翻译则要对原文的语场,语式和语旨进行分析,以决定译文的文白程度.译者对这两方面的语言变体要细心体察,因为语言变体是文本风格的一部分,是文本整个风格链上的一环,一环遭到破坏,就会使整个风格链受阻不畅.我们甚至可以说, 语言变体最能突显作者和文本的风格,我们通常所说的译什么像什么就是关乎这一点,否则,遣词造句再妙,篇章修辞再佳,终只是打擦边球.通过以上译例分析还可以看出,就具体的翻译方法而言,译者则要注意英汉语言的差异.英语的语言变体可以发生在语音,词汇,语法的多个层面上,而汉语的语体变异主要体现在词汇的层面上.因此,语言变体不应是形式上的对译,而是要在吃透原文的基础上,灵活地运用译语的各种手段才能译出原文的”味”.参考文献:【l】廖七一,等.当代英国翻译理论【M】.武汉:湖jE教育出版社,2001:147.[2】朱达秋.语言的社会变体与翻译叨.外语学刊,2001(4):85—88. [31Bronte,Charlotte.JaneEyre【M】.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1980 [4】祝庆英,译.简?爱圈.上海:上海外语教育出版社,l99o.【5】黄源深,译.简?爱【z】.南京:译林出版社,1994.[6】黄粉保.论小说人物语言个性的翻译忉.中国翻译,2000(2):44—46. 【7垛翔林.英诗格律及自由诗[M】.北京:商务印书馆,1993:6.【81贾文波应用翻译功能论【M1.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004-3.73。

《简·爱》中的语言变体及其翻译

《简·爱》中的语言变体及其翻译以《简爱》中的语言变体及其翻译》为标题，写一篇3000字的中文文章《简爱》是1815年托马斯哈代（Thomas Hardy）创作的一部传世经典。

它深刻地描绘了伦敦贵族康熙斯太太（Lady Susan Cox）与一位秘书（Mr. Edward Fairfax Rochester）之间的爱情经历，这场爱情被兑现了，但却被一系列被视为婚姻规则所排斥的挑战所拦截。

当时，英国贵族与平民之间的社会界限束缚了爱情的发展，使得当中的每一位角色都受到了无情的限制。

从语言变体的角度来看，《简爱》围绕着爱情的追求，自然而然地，语言变体也活跃起来，尤其是一些深刻的古老式表达，例如“Thou art”、“Wherefore”以及“ere long”。

在故事情节的关键部分，这些古老式表达可以使读者感受到故事的精神深处，从而更好地理解故事情节。

此外，对《简爱》中的语言变体而言，翻译是另一个必不可少的环节。

一方面，读者可以大致了解原文的重要观点和内容；另一方面，翻译可以让读者更加清楚地理解原文句子中隐含的真谛。

比如，当哈代用“Wherefore”来表达主人公的那种沧桑及犹豫时，读者可以使用“因为什么”的替换词来更好地了解原文的含义。

《简爱》的追求的爱情故事也拥有着丰富的语言变体，其中有些变体来源于古英语，有些则是古意大利语，它们在书中经常出现，也是一种出色的语言组合。

英国文学节中，也有一部以《简爱》中特定古老式表达为主题的文章。

它对古老式表达的翻译分析，以及其在《简爱》的故事情节中引发的意义，展示了这种古老式语言的力量。

因此，从《简爱》中的语言变体来看，古老式表达所呈现的深刻的故事，以及翻译的作用，都是理解故事情节的关键。

古老式表达可以让当时的角色更加贴切地表达自己的想法，而翻译也可以使读者更深入地理解原文，更好地理解角色之间的情感。

从而，写作古老式表达和翻译，都成为《简爱》中的重要组成部分，并创造了这部传世经典的魅力。

《简爱》英文赏析

Beauty in Jane EyreJane Eyre is an inspiring novel to us. Its beauty not only lays on its language, but also exists in the characteristic of Jane.Firstly, I’m going to talk about the masterly language in the text. The text, told in the form of dialogue, included a lot of metaphor and contrast.In the text, Mr. Rochester described himself as Vulcan ( blacksmith), the god of fire with an ugly look and disabled condition, while he described his rival in love—St. John as a graceful Apollo, who is pretty, intelligent and gentle. He thought Jane as sky-lark who could bring sunshine and pleasure to him. Regarding himself as an old lightning-struck chestnut-tree, he saw Jane as a budding woodbine, which was fresh, fragrant and energetic. Through Mr. Rochester’s self-description and narrative, we can conclude that he lost confidence in himself because of his poor condition and he thought he cannot match with excellent Jane. He was self-abased in front of the fine St. John and he did not want to force Jane to make sacrifice to stay with him. He regarded their love as unequal.On contrast, what did Jane think about Mr. Rochester? Jane regarded Mr. Rochester “a royal eagle, chained to a perch, should be forced to entreat a sparrow to become its purveyor.”She did hold sympathy to Mr. Rochester, but her adoration was more than that because she thought that royal eagle, although getting injured, still remained its charm and temperament. In the latter part of the text, Jane comforted Mr. Rochester that he was a green, vigorous tree and she described herself as plant that have to lean on the tree to grow. Jane said she was a sparrow and a plant, while Mr. Rochester was an eagle and a tree, which reflected that Mr. Rochester was outstanding and excellent in her eyes. We can also conclude that in Jane’s deep mind, she also thought Mr. Rochester was better than her, and maybe she could not match with him.The metaphor and contrast used in the text gives us a clear view of the mental activity taken place in two people’s hearts and they make the context more vivid and interesting, attracting potential readers. So thebeauty of language is enlightening to us in our writing skills that sometimes we can use metaphor and contrast to extend our thesis.Secondly, what worth our attention was Jane’s intelligence. Through the conversation taken place in the text, Jane gave us a deep impression about her intelligence and her outstanding EQ. First, Jane told Rochester about her experiences and mentioned St. John, a person that would be “immediately taken up”when she finished. So she furthered her description about St. John to let “jealousy got hold of him(Rochester)”, though she was in a kind will that to move Rochester’s attention from his disabled body. Then she stated the fact that she and St. John was not true love in order to calm down Rochester. Furthermore, she used a metaphor to comfort Rochester that he was a green and vigorous tree to express his importance to her, that she cannot live without him. In the final part, Jane expressed her mind that she did not really care about the poor condition of Rochester, what she love was his soul, rather than his wealth or appearance. She suggested that their love was equal and they could match with each other. Through such processes, the sad Rochester cheered up and was inspired.The art of Jane’s speaking was both considerate and predominant, which reflected her clear mind, strong determination, and admiring courage. She tested how much Rochester loves her and at the same time she showed her determination and loyalty to him. She governed this relationship. And we can also learn that the love she pursued was based on mutual understanding and admiration, and physical factor cannot destroy it. Her persistent characteristic encourages her to follow her heart and insist on her principle.Jane’s beauty is her persistent, her simplicity, her intelligence and her consideration. And the story told us that beauty was a virtue, a kind of excellence. It is not only significant in the old times, but also enlightening in nowadays. I think the differences between us and Jane is that she can keep herself clam toward wealth, while we will be affected by it; she can stand out to pursue what she want, while we prefer to stand back in a safe place; she will insist her choice ignoring gossip, while we will be afraid and be defeated by it.。

简爱读书报告英文版(范文)

简爱读书报告英文版简爱读书报告英文版篇一：简爱的英文读书报告A Bk Reprt f Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a classic rmance nvel by Charltte Brnt? hich as published in 1847 by Smith, Elder Cmpany, Lndn, and is ne f the mst famus British nvels f all time. Charltte Brnt? first published the bk as Jane Eyre: An Autbigraphy under the pseudnym Currer Bell, and it as an instant success, earning the praise f many revieers, including illiam Makepeace Thackeray, t hm Charltte Brnt? dedicated her secnd editin. The stry is that f a gverness, Jane Eyre. Despite her plainness, she captures the heart f her enigmatic emplyer, Edard Rchester, but sn discvers he has a secret that culd jepardize any hpe f happiness beteenthem .Published in 1847, Jane Eyre brught almst instant fame t its bscure authr, the daughter f a clergyman in a small mill tn in nrthern England. n the surface, the nvel embdies stck situatins f the Gthic nvel genre such as mystery, hrrr, and the classic medieval castle setting; many f the incidents brder n (and crss ver int) meldrama. The stry f the yung herine is als in many ays cnventinal—the rise f a pr rphan girl against verhelming dds, hse lve and determinatin eventually redeem a trmented her. Yet if this all there ere t Jane Eyre, the nvel uld sn have been frgtten. In riting Jane Eyre, Charltte Brnte did nt rite a mere rmantic ptbiler. Her bk has serius things t say abut a number f imprtant subjects: the relatins beteen men and men, men s equality, the treatment f children and f men, religius faith andreligius hypcrisy (and the difference beteen the t), the realizatin f selfhd, and the nature f true lve. But again, if its cncerns ere nly tpical, it uld nt have utlivedthe time in hich it as ritten. The bk is nt a tract any mre than it is a ptbiler. It is a rk f fictin ith memrable characters and vivid scenes, ritten in a pelling prse style. In appealing t bth the head and the heart, Jane Eyre triumphs ver its flas and remains a classic f nineteenth-century English literature and ne f the mst ppular f all English nvels. Jane Eyre, is a pr but aspiring, small in bdy but huge in sul, bscure but self-respecting girl. After e clse the cvers f the bk, after having a lng jurney f the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelus figure, has left us s much t recall and t think: e remember her gdness: fr smene h lst arms and blinded in eyes, fr smene h despised her fr her rdinariness, and even fr smene h had hurt her deeply in the past. e remember her pursuit f justice. It’s like a panin ith the gdness. But still, a virtuus persn shuld prmte the gdness n ne side and must check the badness n the ther side.e remember her self-respect and the clear situatin n equality. In her pinin, everyne is the same at the Gd’s feet. Thugh there are differences in status、in prperty and als in appearance, but all the human being are equal in persnality. e als remember her striving fr life, her tughness and her cnfidence…hen e thinkf this girl, hat she gave us as nt a pretty face r a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm f her persnality. Actually, she asn’t pretty, and f curse, the rdinary appearance didn’t make thers feel gd f her, even her n aunt felt disgusted ith it. And sme thers even thught that she as easy t lk dn n and t tease, s hen Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre, she seemed quite cntemptuus, fr that she as bviusly much mre prettier than ‘the plain and ugly gverness’. But as the little gverness had said: ‘D yu think, because I am pr, bscure, plain, and This is the idea f equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. Gd hadn’t given her beauty and ealth, but instead, Gd gave hera kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea f equality and self-respect impress us s much and let us feel the per inside her bdy. In my mind, thugh a persn’s beauty n the face can make thers nce feel that ne is attractive and charming, if his r her mind isn’t the same beautiful as the appearance, such as beauty cannt last fr, hen thers find that the beauty hich had charmed them as nly a falsity, it’s nt true, they ill like the persn n mre. Fr a lng time, nly a persn’s great virtue, a nble sul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty just as Kahill Gibran has said, that Beauty is a heart enflamed and a sul enchanted’. I can feel that h beauty really is, as e are all fleshly men, s e can’t distinguish hethera man is f nbleness r humbleness, but fleshly men, s e can’t distinguish hether a man is f nbleness r humbleness, but as there are great differences in ur suls, and frm that, e can kn that hether a man is nble r rdinary, and even bscure, that is, hether he is beautiful r nt. Her stry makes us thinking abut life and e learn much frm her experience, at least, that is a fresh ne recgnitin f the real beauty.篇二：简爱世界名著全英文读后感全英文读书笔记英语专业大学本科Feelings f Reading JANE EYRE Useful expressin 1) [Useful expressin] (p.47) If all the rld hated yu, and believed yu icked, hile yur n cnscience apprved yu, and abslved yu frm guilt, yu uld nt be ithut friends. 2) [Useful expressin] (p.231) Prejudices, it is ell knn, as mst difficult t eradicate frm the heart hse sil has never been lsened r fertilized by educatin: they gr there, firm as eeds amng stnes. 3) [Useful expressin] (p.40) Life appears t me t shrt t be spent in nursing animsity r registering rngs. The type f materials in this bk is rittenin English, and the tpic area is literature. I spent reading the bk fr 2 mnths. In the rld histry f literature, sme many classical famus rks are ging t be immrtal, but Jane Eyre deeply enters peple s sul deeply, it by irresistible intrinsic deep has attracted the tens f thusands f readers deeply, has affected peple s inner rld, is in the rld histry f literature the eternal classics.hen Jane Eyre as a baby, her parents died. S she had t live ith her uncle and his family. Unfrtunately, her uncle als ent aay several years later. Then Jane as sent t the Lgd, hich as a charity schl and became a teacher there hen she grn up. Later she left it t bee a gverness f Adela Varens, the ard f Mr. Edard Rchester, a Thrnfield Manr. Later, Jane and Mr. Rchester fell in lve ith each ther, and they decided t get married. But Mr. Rchester as revealed that he had a ife during the edding ceremny. S Jane left Thrnfield and Mr. Rchester. therise Mr. Rchester’s ife as crazy. ne day, she made a fire. Mr. Rchester tried his best t save his ife, but failed and his eyes ere burnt and he became blind. The terrible nes came t Jane, she came back t Mr. Rchester hurriedly. Jane tld Mr. Rchester that she still lved him a lt, and tried her best t cheer him up. Finally, they gt married, and had a lvely baby. This bk enthralled me ith the charm f language, and brught hme t me the great ealth f English rds and phrases. But this bk is t difficult t me, and I had t lk up a number f rds. If there are explains f sme difficult rds, I think it ill be much better. The figure f Jane Eyre had the greatest impact n me. After I clse the cvers f the bk, after having a lng jurney f the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelus figure, has left us s much t recall and t think: I remember her gdness, her pursuit f justice, her self-respect and the clear situatin n equality, her striving fr life, her tughness and her cnfidence… The riting f the bk is effective,beautiful and even fascinating. The authr is skillful in telling stries. I can easily find ut the characters f these dramatis persnages. Behind the nderful stry, the authr expressed herstrng dissatisfactins t the sciety then. The authr thinks that peple shuld be gd educated, and everyne is equal, n matter male r female. The ne facts that I hadn’t learn befre is gdness. I remember her gdness: fr smene h lst arms and blinded in eyes, fr smene h despised her fr her rdinariness, and even fr smene h had hurt her deeply in the past. T me, I think that I can hardly frgive thse peple h have hurt me deeply. May be it is gd enugh that nt t d sme revenge. As a result f reading this bk, her stry makes me thinking abut life and I learn much frm her experience, at least, that is a fresh ne recgnitin f the real. I can feel that h beauty really is, as e are all fleshly men, s e can’t distinguish hether a man is f nbleness r humbleness, but fleshly men, s e can’t distinguish hether a man is f nbleness r humbleness, but as there are great differences in ur suls, and frm that, e can kn that hether a man is nble r rdinary, and even bscure, that is, hether he is beautiful r nt. In essence, Brnte s nvel became a direct assault n Victrian mrality. Cntrversy based in its realistic expsure f thughts nce cnsidered imprper fr a lady f the 19th century. Emtins any respectable girl uld repress. men at this time ere nt t feel passin, nr ere they cnsidered sexual beings. T cnceive the thught f men expressing rage and blatantly retaliating against authrity as defiance against the traditinal rle f men. Jane Eyre sent cntrversy thrugh the literary munity. Fr nt nly as it ritten by a man but marked the first use f realistic characters. Jane s plexity lied in her being neither hly gd r evil. She as pr and plain in a time hen sciety cnsidered an ugly man a blt n the face f creatin. It challenged Victrian classstructure in a strictly hierarchal sciety. A relatinship beteen a lly gverness and a ealthy nbleman as simply unheard f. Brnte dre criticism fr her attack n the aristcracy h she deemed as hypcritical shy but ... nt genuine. She assaulted individual s already established mrals by presenting a plausible case fr bigamy.篇三：简爱英文读书报告Jane Eyre Dlr 201X2136063 Fall semester 201XAugust 20, 201X Bk reprt 2 A Struggling man Jane Eyre is a first-persn narrative f the title character. ritten by British riter Charltte Brnte , it is a lve stry beteen Jane Eyre and Edard Fairfax Rchester. This nvel includes 5 parts: Jane s childhd at Gateshead; her educatin at Ld Schl; as the gverness at hrnfield Hall, here she falls in lve ith Edard Rchester; her time ith the Rivers family and the finale ith her reunin ith and marriage t her belved Rchester. Jane Eyre is the herine f the nvel and the main character. She is pure, brave, strng self-esteem and ardr. hat`s mre, the spirit f rebelling is her imprtant trait. hen she as a baby, her parents died and she became an rphan. She as sent t her aunt and as abused by her aunt and her cusins. She then as sent t Ld Schl, here she as ppressed and abused, but her nature led him t rebel. Edard Fairfax Rchester is master f Thrnfield Manr. He is heavyhearted and his chapter is changeable. Als, his manner t Jane is changeable. Frm appearance, he is tall, strng man. There ere many parties in Thrnfield Manr hen Edard came back. Jane as treated bad at ne party and retreated frm the party. At that time, Jane fund herself had already fallen in lve ith Edard and Edard lved her, t. n the ceremny, Jane gt knn that he had a ife and left grieved. hen she came back t Thrnfield Manr, she fundit had bee ruins and Edard as disabled. And she married him. The authr ants t reveal that the value f a man is equal t dignity plus lve. At that time, abut 19th century, peple ignred lve in rder t pursue mney and fe peple culd abandn mney fr lve. Jane is a man h can nt bear ppressin and brave enugh t pursue lve. She is a representative f l class. 篇四：《简爱》读书报告《简爱》------读书报告一．作者简介夏洛蒂·勃朗特（1816-4-21－1855-3-31）1816年生于英国北部约克郡的豪渥斯的一个乡村牧师家庭。

从《简·爱》等英美文学译本看语用分析

象，并推动了故事情节的发展，使读者体会到一种更为真实的世界。
１．３象征手法
三、英美文学译本口吻语用学分析
口吻语用是英美文学中一个相对比较抽象的概念，表达往往是以虚
拟的方式来呈现的，但与简・爱的对话中就常常用祁使语句，罗彻斯特基以主人的身份自居，而对于自己身边雇佣的人就可以命令的口吻进行谈话，这种方式多是表达作品中人物对现实情况的强烈不满，或是对某人情绪的宣泄，例如《简・爱》中罗彻斯特与简・爱第一次见面时，被马摔伤的罗彻斯特得到简・爱的救助后，就用了很多的语气词，来表达自己恶劣的情绪，表达自己对简・爱的惊奇等等情感。从作品中我们可以看出，口吻语用的不同方式、
象征手法是英美文学作家比较擅长的一种写作手法。主要是通过具体形象来解释或突出某种特定的事物。在英美文学作品中有很多不能够展现的事物而利用象征性的手法来进行表达，例如：《老人与海》中把大海比喻人生，而把老人比喻成英雄，这体现了人们不畏艰辛，乐观向上的精神。象征手法能够对无形的事物进行表达，并且能够表达的更为形
１．１双关语
在英美文学作品中双关语的应用较多，双关语的含义包括：字面直译的意思和隐含寓意，这两种方式在英美文学作品中较为常见，主要是通过双关语来刻画文学作品中的人物形象，展标主人公的性格特征，同时双关语还具有相对独特的幽默性，强化作品的现实意义。英美文学作品中双关语的特点可分为词义双关和谐音双关，词义双关主要利用词语的含义来介绍事物或人物，在英美文学作品中词义双关具有隐寓的特点，有时往往利用作品来表达讽刺或讥讽，而谐音双关则是通过对单词的多

英语名著简爱赏析教案

第十一课时教案Teaching aims:1)To know sth about the book.2)To enjoy some beautiful sentences in the book.Teaching important and difficult points:To let students understand the brief introduction of the book and the rebellious spirit of Jane Eyre.Teaching methods:Discuss in groups and enjoyTeaching processes:Step 1 lead in by some pictures.And ask what they know about the book and the writer.Step 2 Brief introduction of the writer.Charlotte bront? (Charlotte Bronte, 1816, 1855), British novelist, was born in the poor family pastor, who had been in a boarding school, and later appointed as teachers and family teacher.In 1847, charlotte Bronte publishing famous's novel "Jane eyre" is a literary world.In the fall of 1848 to 1849 years her younger brother and two sisters died.In the shadow of death and confused, she managed to complete the book "Shelley, her sister emilie on to their grief, and describes the early British spontaneous workers' movement.Her work "d" otherwise Wright (1853) and "teacher" (1857), the two works are based on the experiences of life I.Charlotte bront? Good at in a lyric prose style of describing nature scenery, the work of strong emotional夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte，1816-1855），英国小说家，生于贫苦的牧师家庭，曾在寄宿学校学习，后任教师和家庭教师。

简_爱性格的独立性剖析_英文_

2007年第3期牡丹江教育学院学报 No 13,2007(总第103期)　J OU RNAL OF MUDANJ IAN G COLL EGE OF EDUCA TION Serial No 1103[收稿日期]2007-01-10[作者简介]廖素清(1971-),女,湖南娄底人,湖南铁道职业技术学院讲师,在职研究生,研究方向为英语语言文学和教学法。

・简・爱性格的独立性剖析・An Analysis of J ane Eyre ’s Personalityof Indep endence廖　素　清(湖南铁道职业技术学院,湖南　株洲　412001)[摘　要]　In the novel ’J ane Eyre ’written by Charlotte Bronte ,Miss Bronte portrays a female image who was an unyielding in the face of societal norms and pressures that stifled independence and positive enterprising for females of that era.The main character in the novel ,Miss Eyre ,despised the overbearing nature of powerf ul government officials and ridiculed their stupidity.Miss Eyre also strove to improve her ideals and personality in order to f ulfill her potential as a woman who was unconventional in her thinking.[关键词]　J ane Eyre ;independence ;character analyzing[中图分类号]I561.4 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-2323(2007)03-0023-02 1.IntroductionShallotte Bronte was one of the great female novelists in the 19th century English literature ,who was famous for her great novel J ane Ey re .This book has molded a woman ’s image of not surrendering to the common customs pres 2sure but being a independent ,self -respect ,proactive woman.J ane Eyre boldly cared for her love.However ,when she discovered that she loved the man who had a wife ,she also left the man and the place resolutely which she was reluctant to part with.She was not glad to be the status which the society assigned ,and she requested the in 2dependence and equality in the work and the marriage.She pursued tenaciously to the pure love ,the self -value and dignity.That was the example which the contemporary fe 2male should study.This paper takes the living conditions as a clue ,and elaborates the independence of J ane Eyre from five respects which her disposition displays.2.Manifesting of J ane Eyre ’s personality of independ 2enceJane Eyre was a lady of independence.She tried to preserve her self -respect ,independence and self -suffi 2ciency at every stage of her life.2.1At G ates head ,Jane began to realize the impor 2tance of independenceJane Eyre was not pretty ,and she was a poor orphan of ten.She was always suffering ,always browbeaten ,al 2ways accused for ever being condemned But when she was under attack ,she began to realize the importance of inde 2pendence.John Reed always bullied and punished Jane ,e 2ven several times a day.But continually ,J ane began to fight against either menaces or his inflictions.She knew that dependence and incompetence invited nothing but scorn.2.2At Lowood Institution ,J ane gained strength fromher teacher and fellow students to achieve her independenceMiss Temple was the superintendent of Lowood Insti 2tution.Mr.Brocklehurst told Miss Temple and all the students that Jane was a liar ,and the evil one had already found a servant and agent in her.Miss Temple gave a chance to Jane to defend herself.She believed what J ane said and it gave her great consolation.Miss Temple often encouraged his students by precept and examples to keep up their spirits and march forward like stalwart soldiers.J ane learned the value of independence f rom her .J ane had been in the Lowood Institution for 10years ,humiliating the op 2pression in the harsh education to the orphan 。

简爱英语专业认知分析报告

简爱英语专业认知分析报告简爱的性格特点分析摘要:小说爱》由《简是世界文学史上一部著名的作品，19 世纪英国著名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特1816-1855 创作于1847 年。

小说的女主人公简爱，虽然相貌平平，但却吸引了无数的读者，其原因就在于她独有的性格魅力。

她敢于反抗、敢于争取平等、独立和自由，与众多普通女性不同，她敢于大胆表白自己的爱情，蔑视以金钱、地位为基础的婚姻，同时她又具有一颗善良纯洁的心。

尽管在现代人看来，她性格中仍有冲突的一面，但是她独特的性格魅力仍然光芒万丈。

关键词:简爱;性格;魅力;不完美OntheAnalysis of Jane Eyre's CharacterAbstract: The novel Jane Eyre is a famous work in literaryhistory written by the 19th centuryfamous Brit ish writer Charlotte Bronte 1816-1855 in 1847. JaneEyre doesn't have beautifulappearance but she attracts millions of readers due to her distinguishedcharacter. She is braveenough to rebel to fight for her equality independence and freedom. Unlikemost ordinarywomen she dares to express her love frankly shows contempt for the marriage basedon money.Besides she is kind and pure. But in the opinion of today there are still conflicts in thecharacterof Jane Eyre.Key words:Jane Eyre; character; charm; not perfect一、简爱性格的光辉(一) 反抗和独立的精神简爱的心里蕴藏着对压迫的自发反抗。