2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文
2008年12月大学英语四级真题及答案
2008年12月20日英语四级A卷真题（Word版）Part I Writing (30minu tes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quick ly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complet e the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine wi th her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I’d watched him for a little w hile and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to th e boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpect ed.“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,”Stella says,” I thou ght she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unaccepta ble. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting o ther children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s en couraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids:”If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiti ng his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are o ver at mine. That’s OK betwee n sisters but becomes dangerous territory when yo u’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash Un iversity.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the pa rent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child d irectly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usua lly a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finel y tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different setting s.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectfu l, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your co ncerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she s ays.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:” Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friend shi p. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m sil ly but in my house I don’t want…’”When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is st raightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, th en have a chat.”There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from a ny adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to t he fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyon e:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there wi ll be conflict if they point t hese things out –either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re livi ng in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, a nd a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“it’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said,‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. it’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it g ood?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the p opulation doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are proba bly more likely to b e too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it’s a way of talking abou t treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centred on them but in w ays that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best int erests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’s intervention(干预) on he r son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a l ongstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour i f he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other p eople’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,”he s ays. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2008年英语四级作文
2008年英语四级作文Sure, let's craft a response to that prompt.---。
The year 2008 marked a significant turning point in China's economic development and global integration. Several factors contributed to this transformation, and its impact is profound in various aspects.Firstly, the hosting of the Beijing Olympics in 2008 showcased China's rapid development to the world. This mega-event not only demonstrated China's organizational capabilities but also served as a platform forinternational engagement and cultural exchange. The successful execution of the Olympics boosted China's global image and fostered closer ties with other nations.Moreover, 2008 witnessed the global financial crisis, which had both positive and negative effects on China'seconomy. On one hand, China's massive stimulus package helped cushion the impact of the crisis and sustained economic growth. On the other hand, the crisis exposed vulnerabilities in China's export-oriented economy, prompting a shift towards domestic consumption and innovation-driven growth.Furthermore, 2008 saw the launch of various reforms aimed at addressing long-standing issues such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and social unrest. Efforts to promote sustainable development, improve social welfare, and enhance the rule of law have since been ongoing, albeit with mixed results.In addition, 2008 marked the beginning of China's ambitious "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), which aims to enhance connectivity and cooperation across Asia, Africa, and Europe. This initiative, with its focus on infrastructure development and trade facilitation, has the potential to reshape global economic dynamics and create new opportunities for participating countries.Overall, the year 2008 was a watershed moment for China, characterized by both challenges and opportunities. The lessons learned from this period continue to shape China's development path and its role in the global arena.--。
2008年12月大学英语四级A卷真题 .doc
感谢你的观看感谢你的观看2008年12月大学英语四级A卷真题Part I Writing (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
2008年12月英语四级作文真题Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environmen.。
08年12月英语四级考试真题
2008年12月20日英语四级A卷真题（Word版）Part I Writing (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and a nswer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences wi th the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I‟d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‟d shove d,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firm ly, ‟No, we don‟t push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park,”Stella says,” I thought she wa s coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s c hildren has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‟s house it‟s encouraged. For her, it‟s about kids being kids:”If you can‟t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his au nt‟s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‟s OK betwee n sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you‟re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren‟t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.”But there is still an idea that they‟re the property of the pa rent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriat ely, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it‟s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or th e parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I‟d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet rem inder that ‟we don‟t do that here‟ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different setting s.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headach es, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concern s with the parents if they‟re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answer s:” Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendshi p. Preface y our remarks with something like: ‟I know you‟ll think I‟m silly but in my house I don‟t w ant…‟”When it comes to situations where you‟re caring for another child, white is straightforwa rd: “common sense must prevail. If things don‟t go well, then have a chat.”There‟re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any ad ult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The r ules are different now from when today‟s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults ar e scared of saying: ‟don‟t swear‟, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‟re worri ed that there will be conflict if they point these things out –either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you‟re living in a w orld in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perce ived to finish last.”“it‟s about what I‟m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, …you probably de served it‟. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the sch ool to have a go at te achers.”This jumping to our children‟s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” f eeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‟s children. You know that if you re monstrate(劝诫) with the child, you‟re going to have to deal with the parent. it‟s admira ble to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundari es,” White says. “I suspect that it‟s only certain sectors of the population doing the run ning to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involve d.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it‟s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‟re centred on them but in ways that reflect posi tively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are somet hing we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‟s intervention(干预) on her son‟s behal f ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‟s mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench whe re she‟d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challe nged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‟t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‟s ki ds. “look at kids that aren‟t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommen ds that we don‟t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitor s注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2008年12月英语四级试题文字版（A卷真题答案）
2008年12月英语四级试题文字版（A卷真题+答案）(2)H. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestion 57 to 61 based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doc tor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatm ent may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cart mill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-upsRegular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58。
2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文
2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文Part I Writing (30 minutes) A卷Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of limiting the use of disposable plastic bags. You should write atleast 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags范文一Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsDisposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long timecome back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment. (175 words)Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsThese days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere.Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses, as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of people's life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products. (原因) Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people. (影响)To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposale products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of thepresent situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.(317 words)范文三：Disposable Plastic BagsNowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution.What’s more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don’t quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people’s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets. (163 words)Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for it brings us much convenience. We are so dependent upon plastic bags that use of them is ever increasing.Despite the convenience it brought to people, it also caused a lot of problems amony which the environmental pollution wasthe biggest concern. Plastic bags not only affect the beautifulness of our environment, but also do harm to our health, because they are made of some kind of chemical material which can not be discomposed.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. First of all, this policy can reduce pollution and save a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot to a more beautiful living environment; last but not least, it can also create a healthier environment for people. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation. (172 words)范文五：On Disposable Plastic BagsFor many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life.However, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and I’ll just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags don’t meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health.The negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious thanw hat I’ve mentioned above, so it’s h igh time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. (212 words)Part I Writing (30minutes) B卷注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
2008年12月英语四级写作焦点及范文(23-31)
无忧英语编辑整理历年四级六级考试真题听力下载仿真模拟题尽在无忧英语 23. health and lifeas the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it’you don’t know what health is until you are ill. “health is of vital importance to life”sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true.the negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. how many big plans are interrupted by bad health! even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.how to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. first, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.24. energy resourceschina is rich in various energy resources. coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. they are essential in developing the country’s industry, science and technology. china has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum.three energy resources are being used up rapidly, with the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain. they are all big consumers of energy resources. besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources.to avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures. first, it should let people know the importance of saving energy. second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热) energy and so on. we have reason to be optimistic in this respect.25. competitioncompetition makes people original and creative. it very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. (even animals compete for survival.) without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility. when three monks live together, there will be no drinking water. this chinese proverb vividly describes why china’s productivity was so low before mr deng came to power. at that time, we hadthe so-called planned economy. there was no competition at all. so neither farmers nor workers worked hard. china was on the edge of collapse.competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. for example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. the same things happen in our society and in our daily life. if a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. it must raise its efficiency. all the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.being a student, i must compete with other students in our studies. i must study hard in all the fields so that i can be a useful man when i enter the society after graduation.26.students’part-time jobsthere are many advantages for a student to have a part time job. for instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing. it enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence. therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society.as everything has two sides, the disadvantages can’t be ignored. part-time jobs cut into students’study time; some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca ‘t focus their attention on studying. in the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies.in my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation. the most important thing is for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it.27.wealth and happinesseverybody wants to get wealth. in today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. with money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood; with money, they can own stately luxury cars. wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars. wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.in my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. what money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. if you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. with it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, andit will and to your own happiness. if you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. in a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.28.idealseveryone has his ideals. a businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects bumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. and everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal.one should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. if it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. and very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.my ideal is to become a doctor, it is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but i take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. to realize my ideal i have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. i am sure i will realize my ideal if i persevere in this pursuit.29.popular sports in chinasports are flourishing in china now. more and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. sports are no longer limited to a few professional players.early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. martial arts (like chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. in addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies.china promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. she awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. in the world the ch inese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of east asia”.30.is failure a bad thing?failure is what often happens. it is everywhere in our life. students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions.although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. some people don’t think their failure is a very important thing at all. so they pay no attention to it. as a result, they will have the same failure a period later. some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought.other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. after hard work, they will be successful in the end. it is said that failure is the mother of success. success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures.in my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.31.modernization of family lifewith the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized. years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized. but in recent years, almost all families have tv sets, refrigerators and washing machines. it is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners.the modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort. one may enjoy tv or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running. and by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go.in spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages. for example, radiation from tv sets and computers is harmful to our health; improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents. the quietness of a family is often disturbed by a falsedialing or unwelcome phone call. but it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.。
2008年12月大学英语四级真题解析+听力原文(1)
2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题解析Part I Writing* 解题思路1. 审解题目：本文为问题解决类作文。
首先提出一种社会现象；然后对这一现象所带来的问题进行分析和阐述；最后对解决这一问题的方法进行论述：赞成或反对。
2. 写作步骤：本文为提纲式作文，写作应按照试卷上给出的汉语提纲进行，分三段将所涉及内容论述清楚：第一段：引出一次性塑料袋在人们生活中广泛使用的现象；第二段：列举使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题；第三段：对限制使用一次性塑料袋这一政策阐述自己的观点：可以支持以上观点，并进行总结强调；也可以否定以上观点，并提出反对理由。
范文：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagsPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for many years. But recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s concern.Although plastic bags have brought great convince to people, it has also caused a lot of problems. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes great harm to our environment. As these bags can not be discomposed, they pollute the field and water. Besides, plastic bags do harm to people’s health as well, because they are made of chemical materials which may contamin ate our food. What’s more, the over use of plastic bags is also a kind of waste of resources.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. This policy not only enhances people’s awareness of environmental protection, but also reduce the waste of resources. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.经典句式:1. Recently, the problem of … has become the focus of the public concern.2. It is important to poin t out that…3. On one hand, … . On the other hand, …4. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that …5. First of all, … . Besides, …. What’s more, …6. … is of great significance.7. It is high time that we put an end to …Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)* 解题思路1. 【答案】 A【解析】本题的定位信息是Stella Bianchi, 答案来自第三段第一句Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for ‘disciplinin g her child’”. 意思是：Stella说：“我原以为她是过来是要道歉的，但是相反由于我“教育她的孩子”，她却冲我大喊大叫。
2008年12月大学英语四级真题A卷及答案解析
2008年12月大学英语四级真题A 卷及答案解析卷及答案解析Part I Writing (30minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. That‟s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground. “I‟d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‟d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‟No, we don‟t push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The The boy‟s boy‟s mother mother ran ran ran toward toward toward me me me from from from across across across the the the park,” park,” park,” Stella Stella Stella says,” says,” says,” I I I thought thought thought she she she was was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting Getting your your your own own own children children children to to to play play play nice nice nice is is is difficult difficult difficult enough. enough. enough. Dealing Dealing Dealing with with with other other other people‟s people‟s children has become a minefield. In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‟s house it‟s encouraged. For her, it‟s about kids being kids:”If you can‟t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each Each of of of these these these philos philos philosophies ophies ophies is is valid valid and, and, and, it it it has has has to to to be be said, said, my my my son son son loves loves loves visiting visiting visiting his his his aunt‟s aunt‟s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‟s OK between sisters sisters but but but becomes becomes becomes dangerous dangerous dangerous territory territory territory when when when you‟re you‟re you‟re talking talking talking to to to the the the children children children of of of friends friends friends or or acquaintances. “Kids Kids aren‟t aren‟t all all raised raised raised the the the same,” same,” same,” agrees agrees agrees Professor Professor Professor Naomi Naomi Naomi White White White of of of Monash Monash Monash University.” University.” But there is still an idea that they‟re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child isbehaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.”In In those those those circumstances, circumstances, circumstances, it‟s it‟s difficult difficult to to to know know know whether whether whether to to to approach approach approach the the the child child child directly directly directly or or or the the parent first. There are two schools of thought. “I ’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don ’t do that here ’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‟re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‟I know you‟ll think I‟m silly but in my house I do n ’t want…‟”When it comes to situations where you‟re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don‟t go well, then have a chat.”There‟re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from an y adult, is no no longer longer longer appropriate. appropriate. appropriate. “A “A “A new new new set set set of of of considerations considerations considerations has has has come come come to to to the the the fore fore fore as as as part part part of of of the the the debate debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are are different different different now now now from from from wh wh when en en today‟s today‟s parents parents were were were growing growing growing up,” up,” up,” he he he says, says, says, “Adults “Adults “Adults are are are scared scared scared of of saying: ‟don‟t swear‟, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‟re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out ? either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child. Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you‟re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perce ived to finish last.”“it‟s about about what what what I‟m I‟m doing doing and and and what what what I I I need,” need,” need,” Andrew Andrew Andrew Fuller Fuller Fuller says. says. says. ”the ”the ”the days days days when when when a a a kid kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, …you probably deserved it‟. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the sch ool to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children ’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells ”feeling feeling that that that surrounds surrounds surrounds our our our dealings dealings dealings with with with other other other people people ’s s children. children. children. Y Y ou know know that that that if if if you you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you ’re going to have to deal with the parent. it ’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good? “Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White White says. says. says. “I “I “I suspect suspect suspect that that that it‟s it‟s only certain certain sectors sectors sectors of of of the the the population population population doing doing doing the the the running running running to to to the the school ?better ?educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it ’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We ’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi ’s intervention(干预) on her son ’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy ’s mother. As Bianchi approached the park bench whe re she‟d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‟t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‟s kids. “look at kids that aren‟t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don‟t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2008年英语四级作文
2008年英语四级作文The year 2008 was a year of great change and challenges. It was a year that saw the world facing economic turmoiland political upheaval. The global financial crisis hit hard, leading to job losses, home foreclosures, and widespread uncertainty. It was a time of great anxiety and fear for many people around the world.In the midst of all this, there were also moments of hope and inspiration. The Beijing Olympics brought people from all over the world together in a spirit of unity and cooperation. It was a time to celebrate the achievements of athletes and the power of sports to bring people together.The year 2008 also saw the election of Barack Obama as the first African American president of the United States. His victory was a historic moment that inspired people around the world and gave hope for a better future.On the environmental front, 2008 was a year of growingawareness about the urgent need to address climate change. The issue of global warming gained increasing attention, leading to calls for action to reduce carbon emissions and protect the planet for future generations.In the world of technology, 2008 saw the launch of the first Android smartphone, marking the beginning of a new era in mobile communication. It was a time of rapid innovation and change, with new technologies transforming the way we live and work.Overall, the year 2008 was a time of great uncertainty and change, but also a time of hope and inspiration. It was a year that reminded us of the resilience of the humanspirit and the power of unity in the face of adversity.。
2008年12月英语四级真题试卷
2008年12月全国大学英语四级考试——试卷Part I Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: Part I Writing (30 minutes)怎样改善学生的心理健康1. 学生心理健康的重要性2. 学校应该怎样做3. 学生自己应该怎样做Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I‟d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‟d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‟No, we don‟t push,” What happened next was un expected.“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is no t allowed. In my sister‟s house it‟s encouraged. For her, it‟s about kids being kids:”If you can‟t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt‟s house. But I find myself sa ying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‟s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you‟re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren‟t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they‟re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it‟s diff icult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I‟d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ‟we don‟t do that here‟ is enough. Kids nave f inely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‟re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‟I know you‟ll think I‟m silly but in my house I don‟t want…‟”When it comes to situations where you‟re caring for another child, white is straightforwa rd: “common sense must prevail. If things don‟t go well, then have a chat.”There‟re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the d ebate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today‟s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ‟don‟t swear‟, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‟re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out –either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you‟re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“it‟s about what I‟m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, …you probably deserved it‟. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teach ers.”This jumping to our children‟s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‟s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you‟re going to have to deal with the parent. it‟s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it‟s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it‟s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‟re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‟s intervention(干预) on her son‟s behalf en ded in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‟s mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she‟d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputati on for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‟t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‟s kids. “look at kids that aren‟t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don‟t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2008年英语四级作文
2008年英语四级作文In 2008, I took the English CET-4 exam. It was a tough one, but I managed to pass it. I remember feeling so relieved when I saw my results. I had put in a lot of hard work and it had paid off.The exam had a variety of different sections, including reading, writing, and listening. I found the listening section to be the most challenging. The recordings werefast-paced and it was difficult to catch every word. But I did my best and tried to focus on the main ideas.The writing section was a bit easier for me. I had been practicing my writing skills for months leading up to the exam. I made sure to use a variety of vocabulary and sentence structures to impress the examiners. I also paid close attention to my grammar and spelling.The reading section was probably my favorite. I've always been a bookworm, so reading comprehension comesnaturally to me. I was able to quickly understand the passages and answer the questions with confidence.Overall, taking the CET-4 exam was a challenging but rewarding experience. It pushed me to improve my English skills and I am grateful for that. I know that passing this exam will open up new opportunities for me in the future.。
Dhweke2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题
|||生活|一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..|-----郭敬明2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I‟d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‟d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‟No, we don‟t push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s children has become a minefield.In my ho use, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‟s house it‟s encouraged. For her, it‟s about kids being kids: “If you can‟t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aun t‟s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‟s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you‟re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren‟t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they‟re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it‟s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I’d go to the child first,”says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don‟t do that here‟ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‟re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‟I know you‟ll think I‟m silly but in my house I don’t want…‟”When it comes to situations where you‟re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don‟t go well, then have a chat.”There‟re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations h as come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today‟s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ‟don‟t swear‟, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‟re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you‟re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice peopl e are perceived to finish last.”“I t‟s about what I‟m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, …you probably deserved it‟. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children‟s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells”feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‟s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It‟s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable bound aries,” White says. “I suspect that it‟s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it‟a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‟re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‟ intervention(干预) on her son‟ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‟ mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she‟d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‟t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‟s kids. “look at kids that aren‟t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don‟t stay silent over inappropriatebehaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy‟s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people‟s children?A) it‟s important not to hur t them in any wayB) it‟s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it‟s advisable to treat them as one‟s own kidsD) it‟s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one‟s kids are criticiz ed, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other people‟s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids‟ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it‟s easy for people to become impat ientB) it‟s difficult to create a code of conductC) it‟s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it‟s hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they‟d question the teachersB) th ey‟d charge up to the schoolC) they‟d tell the kids to clam downD) They‟d put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________9. According to professor white, today‟s pare nts treat their children as something they___________________10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________ Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter. B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn‟t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn‟t like abstract paintings.16. A) She couldn‟t have le ft her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn‟t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18. A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn‟t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn‟t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21. A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees‟ resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A)Buy a tractor. B)Fix a house. C)See a piece of property. D)Sing a business contract.23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A)Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A) To introduce the chief of the city‟s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master‟s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)Popular B)discouraging C)effective D)controversialPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestion 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ otherways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers‟ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers‟ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. DesireG. DiversityH. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don‟t go to the doctor.“Men aren‟t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‟s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have pr olonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more reg ularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But preventio n is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don‟t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren‟t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…‟(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean b y “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one‟s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one‟s dise ase because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specificstore for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who‟re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren‟t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won‟t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won‟t have trouble parking their carsC won‟t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between storesPart V Cloze （15 minutes）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social__81__influenced a person‟s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route70 A. little B. less C. more D. much71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare73. A. so B. as C. and D. but74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally76.A. before B. while C. until D. when77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising83.A. for B. with C. over D. at84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flyingPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至今还没有答案)。
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2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文Part I Writing (30 minutes) A卷Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of limiting the use of disposable plastic bags. You should write atleast 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags范文一Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsDisposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment. (175 words)Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsThese days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere.Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses, as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of people's life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products. (原因) Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people. (影响)To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposale products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.(317 words)范文三：Disposable Plastic BagsNowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution.What’s more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don’t quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people’s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets. (163 words)Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for it brings us much convenience. We are so dependent upon plastic bags that use of them is ever increasing.Despite the convenience it brought to people, it also caused a lot of problems amony which the environmental pollution was the biggest concern. Plastic bags not only affect the beautifulness of our environment, but also do harm to our health, because they are made of some kind of chemical material which can not be discomposed.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. First of all, this policy can reduce pollution and save a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot to a more beautiful living environment; last but not least, it can also create a healthier environment for people. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation. (172 words)范文五：On Disposable Plastic BagsFor many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life.However, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and I’ll just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags don’t meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health.The negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious than what I’ve mentioned above, so it’s h igh time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. (212 words)Part I Writing (30minutes) B卷注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。