2008东北师大英语专业考研基础_语言学_

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英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover whatlanguage is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way wordsare combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called_______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The formeris the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening，writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Dualityof the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome thebarriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely con nected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language func tions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emo tive function is to convey message and information.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phat ic function is to establish communion with others.of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and w ords which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研) A. Langue B. Competence C. Communicative competence D. Linguistic potentialstudy of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ”This shows that language has the design feature of _____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade”is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative is closely connected with ______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowle dge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way usedby the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially cre ative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to g eneration. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descript ive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people ina given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to com municate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical lingu istics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to lan guage teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact t hat language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of me anings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it ca n tell us how to speak correct language.IV. Explain the following terms.(北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)features(南开大学2010研；清华2001研)linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind ofrelationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.(人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。

2008东师考研

学科专业学科专业：：英语语言文学英语语言文学、、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目考试科目：：英语英语实践实践实践基础基础考试时间考试时间：：2008年1月20日上午词汇部分词汇部分（（50分）I. Choose the most appropriate choice for each underlined word or blank in the following sentences. (15 points) 1. At the end of the prayer the choir san the amens beautifully.A. may it be soB. whatever it may comeC. believe it or notD. rain or shine 2. I will never forget my Alma Mater where I spent four golden years of my college life.A. hometownB. collegeC. churchD. motherland 3. Take no notice of his threats – they are sheer bravado.A. timidityB. false baldnessC. courageD. capability 4.Most of a doctor’s time is __________ talking to patients and this helps him to communicate with patients well.A. taken toB. taken upC. taken onD. taken over 5.The workers on strike are determined to __________ until their demands are satisfied.A. stick outB. stick toC. stick withD. stick up 6.Tired of having dinner at home everyday, he suggested eating out this evening, __________ a change.A. in the way ofB. by way ofC. on the wayD. for a way of 7.Four people were killed when a car was __________ a bus on a highway last night.A. on smash withB. in smash withC. on collision withD. in collision with 8.We didn’t dare to speak loudly, __________ waking the baby.A. afraid ofB. afraid toC. for fear ofD. in fear of 9.__________ a flood, the villagers are asked to keep calm.A. As a case ofB. As a result ofC. In the event ofD. In the time of 10.Bob decided to move to another job, for he didn’t want to be __________ his boss.A. in conflict withB. in odds withC. in contrast withD. in competition with 11.Cities were at the __________ of social change.A. cutting a beefB. cutting a dashC. cutting edgeD. cutting a figure 12.Pollutants defined by the first pollution law were __________ from the extensive list of harmful substances known today.A. a far cryB. hue and cryC. in full cryD. a rallying cry 13.In Earth’s infancy, its surface was warm enough for life __________ the young Sun was fainter than it is today.A. in spite ofB. whetherC. neither of whichD. even though 14.Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states __________ the constitution of the United States.A. ratifiedB. ratifyC. to ratifyD. have ratified 15. The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and __________ were often more effective thanmilitary might.A. treacheryB. artificeC. strengthD. beautyII. Choose the right word(s) from those in brackets. (10 points)1. I decided to __________ his tongue with the help of a little alcohol. (grease, loose, loosen)2. Some children are absolutely __________. (inexhaustible, indefatigable)3. Modern writers are not afraid of calling a __________ a __________. (thing, fact, spade)4. Many people, especially men, are keenly interested in __________ affairs. (actual, current, topical,nowadays)5. The criminal attempted to __________ incriminating evidence on an innocent man. (fix, plant, depose)6. A brilliant writer can __________ a whole scene effortlessly. (conjure up, conjure with, invoke, evoke)7. They talked for a few minutes but soon __________ into silence. (returned, lapsed, withdrew)8. The poor creatures were __________ together to try to keep warm. (squashed, bundled, huddled)9. The audience were __________ with laughter. (convulsed, repulsed, involved)10. After that piece of scandal, the doctor was __________ off the register. (cut, struck, deleted)III. Fill in each marked blank with one word given below, paying attention to the following: (15 points)A) 20 words are given, but only 15 (no more, no less) should be used and each can be used once only;B) Forms should be corrected.1 force2 symbolically3 rational4 dominant5 whole6 basks7 fiction8 suffer9 nature 10 attempt11 wholly 12 language 13 hold 14 feature 15 machine16 think 17 rhetoric 18 appeal 19 argument 20 persuadeA “scientific” view of language was _____1_____ among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the _____2_____ of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of _____3_____ should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth to the status of being _____4_____ condemned. If people are regarded only as _____5_____ guided by logic as they were be these “scientific” thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be _____6_____ in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the _____7_____ person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a _____8_____ being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a _____9_____ in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to _____10_____ people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that it goes beyond this and _____11_____ to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting and _____12_____. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to the circumstances real or _____13_____ - that are similar to our own circumstances. Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or _____14_____ how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstance. A speech _____15_____ to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears.IV. Label the figures of speech in the following sentences. (10 points)1. Let us go then, you and I,While the evening is spread out against the sky,Like a patient etherized upon a table…2. To err is human, to forgive, divine.3. I will love you still till all seas gone dry; I will love you still till rocks have melted with the sun.4. Antony is not without ambition.5. Teach the unforgetful to forget.阅读阅读部分部分部分（（50分）I. Fill in each of the following blanks and make your right choice from A, B, C or D. (20 points)Many United States companies have, _____1_____, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. _____2_____ to the general impression, this quest for import relief has _____3_____ more companies than it has helped. _____4_____ corporations begin to function _____5_____, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships, The complexity of these relation-ships makes it _____6_____ that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company._____7_____ increases the danger that foreign companies will use import _____8_____ laws against the _____9_____ companies the laws were designed to protect. _____10_____ a United States-owned company establishes an _____11_____ plant to manufacture a product _____12_____ its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove _____13_____ from the imports – and that the United States company’s products will be _____14_____ in the United States, since they would be _____15_____ to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case _____16_____ when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by _____17_____ rock salt, _____18_____ to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying _____19_____ help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States” company _____20_____ injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the domestic producer of rock salt.1. A. fortunately B. unfortunately C. sometimes D. exclusively2. A. According B. Due C. Contrary D. Owing3. A. relieved B. hurt C. deceived D. abolished4. A. As B. If C. Unless D. Since5. A. worldly B. efficiently C. globally D. actively6. A. unlikely B. likely C. easy D. inconsistent7. A. Legalization B. Globalization C. Democratization D. Modernization8. A. prohibition B. penalty C. relief D. assistance9. A. very B. same C. similar D. innocent10. A. Suppose B. Imagine C. Design D. Think11. A. global B. domestic C. international D. overseas12. A. before B. when C. while D. though13. A. benefit B. injury C. compensation D. bonus14. A. uncompetitive B. competitive C. cheap D. expensive15. A. entitled B. qualified C. obliged D. subject16. A. occurred B. incurred C. happened D. appeared17. A. selling B. purchasing C. dumping D. producing18. A. used B. designed C. sought D. aimed19. A. to B. at C. for D. on20. A. claiming B. requesting C. claimed D. requested[注：此文章我找到了原文，所以可以提供答案给大家作为参考。

2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案

2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案2022年东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》考研全套内容简介•东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）•全国名校英语语言学考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，并提供了答案及详解。

其中，部分考研真题提供了视频讲解，从考查知识点、试题难度、相关考点等方面进行全方位的讲解。

此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。

2．教材教辅•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。

•试看部分内容第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1. Ch o m s ky p ro po se s th at th e co u r se o f l an gu age a cquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate查看答案【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。

2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communicati o n(e.g. to e x pre ss i de as, at ti tu de s) o r i n parti cu l a r social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Fun ctio n查看答案【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。

功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。

3. Hum an langu age is arbi trary. Thi s re fe rs to the f actth at th e re i s no l o gi cal o r i n tri n si c con ne cti on be tween a particul ar so un d an d the _____i t i s asso ci ate d wi t h.（人大2007研）【答案】me aning查看答案【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

东北师范大英语语言学硕士必读书目

东北师范大英语语言学硕士必读书目The English Language and Linguistics program at Northeast Normal University (NENU) in China offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers a wide range of topics in the field of language studies. As part of the program, students are required to read a number of essential books that have been carefully selected to provide them with a solid foundation in the study of English language and linguistics. In this article, we will introduce some of the must-read books for students studying for a Master's degree in English Language and Linguistics at NENU.1. "An Introduction to Language" by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina HyamsThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of language, covering topics such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It is an essential read for students who are new to the field of linguistics.2. "The Study of Language" by George YuleThis book offers a clear and concise introduction to the key concepts and theories in the study of language. It covers topics such as the nature of language, language and society, and language and culture.3. "Introducing English Linguistics" by Charles F. MeyerThis book provides an overview of the major subfields of English linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It also covers topics such as language variation and language change.4. "Language Files" by Mihalicek and WilsonThis book offers a comprehensive introduction to the study of linguistics, covering topics such as the structure of language, language and society, and language change.5. "Understanding Language: A Basic Course in Linguistics" by Elizabeth WinklerThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of language, covering topics such as the nature of language, language and society, and language change.6. "Language and Linguistics: An Introduction" by John LyonsThis book offers a comprehensive introduction to the study of language and linguistics, covering topics such as the structure of language, language and society, and language variation.7. "An Introduction to English Language: Sound, Word, and Sentence" by Morenberg and ZwickyThis book provides an introduction to the English language, covering topics such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. It is an essential read for students studying English linguistics.8. "Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution" by Ray JackendoffThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of linguistics, covering topics such as the structure of language, language and society, and language change.These are just a few of the essential books that students studying for a Master's degree in English Language and Linguistics at NENU are required to read. By studying these books, students will gain a solid foundation in the study of English language and linguistics, and will be well-prepared to pursue a career in the field upon graduation.。

东北师范研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目

东北师范研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目英语教学专业是培养高素质英语教师的重要学科之一。

东北师范大学作为中国著名师范类大学之一，其英语教学专业一直致力于培养具备扎实英语语言基础和专业教育理论知识的研究生。

以下是一份针对东北师范大学英语教学专业研究生的843英语教学专业基础参考书目，这些书目包含了丰富的教材和学术著作，将为研究生提供有力的指导，帮助他们全面、系统地掌握英语教学相关知识和技能。

首先，作为英语教学专业基础参考书的重要组成部分，我们有以下几本经典的外语教学理论与方法类教材：《外语教学理论与方法》(汪向东著)、《语言学习与语言教学》(戴煌言著)、《英语教育学》(池培昌著)、《实用排版指南》(陈皋著)。

这些教材涵盖了教育学、心理学、语言学、文化学等方面的知识，从理论到实践，为英语教学专业的研究生提供了坚实的学科基础。

其次，为了帮助研究生更好地掌握英语语言知识和技能，以下是一些英语语言学习和教学的经典教材：《剑桥英语语法》(拉查尔·沃尔什、洛林·佩尔纽、埃文·科兰共著)、《剑桥英语词汇》(迈克尔·麦卡锡著)、《英语阅读教程》(王怀忠著)、《跨文化交际》(丁传超著)、《实用英语口语》(林忠莲著)等等。

这些教材涵盖了英语词汇、语法、阅读、写作和口语等方面，既有广泛的语言知识，又有实用的教学经验，可使研究生全面提高自己的英语语言水平。

另外，为了帮助研究生更好地了解英语教学的实践和研究，以下是一些与英语教学相关的学术著作和教材：《英语教材评析与教学设计》(丁传超著)、《英语教学反思与教师发展》(李硕著)、《英语写作与教学理论与实践》(戈梦洁、薛静著)、《浅谈英语听力教学策略与方法》(刘光宇著)等等。

这些教材既涵盖了英语教学的研究成果，又关注了教师的职业发展和实际教学中的问题，为研究生提供了宝贵的教学经验和思路。

综上所述，以上所列的东北师范大学研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目，涵盖了外语教学理论与方法、英语语言学习与教学以及英语教学实践与研究的各个方面。

英语专业考研语言学试题

英语专业考研语言学试题 11. Peter ________come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will2. — Could you borrow your dictionary?— Yes, of course you ________.A. mightB. willC. canD. should3. A computer ________think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not4. I didn’t hear the phone, I ________asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been5. There was plenty of time, she ________.A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried6. The plant is dead. I ________it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given7. Very loud noises ________make people ill, hurt their ears, or even drive them mad.A. mustB. needC. canD. should8. He asked me for the dictionary many times; please tell him that he________have it tomorrow.A. mustB. needC. mayD. dare9. — Why is she still standing there?— She ________be waiting for her boyfriend.A. canB. mustC. dareD. need10. Two eyes________ see more than one.A. canB. mustC. mightD. shall11. What ________he mean? ________you tell me?A. can; MayB. can; CanC. may; MayD. must; Should12. How ________he say that his teacher was unfair?A. mustB. mightC. couldD. need13. It ________be very cold in this part.A. canB. oughtC. shallD. dare14. I’d like to ask a question if I ________.A. mustB. willC. mayD. might15. Even in summer the temperature ________suddenly drop below freezing.A. mightB. oughtC. mustD. need16. He decided to join the army so that he ________defend the country.A. may helpB. might helpC. helpsD. helped17. You ________always be talking like that.A. mightn’tB. mayn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t18. The car ________have broke down just when we were about to start off.A. mustB. couldC. mightD. should19. You ________see him while he is in hospital.A. have betterB. had betterC. would ratherD. had to20. There is a fine sunset; it ________to be a fine day tomorrow.A. oughtB. shouldC. has toD. has better21. You are his father, you ________take care of him.A. mightB. oughtC. ought toD. are able to22. That’s all. It ________be talked about any more.A. needn’tB. mightn’tC. darn’t toD. needn’t to23. The question ________discussing.A. needsB. needC. can beD. must be24. He ________even look out of the window.A. daren’tB. daresn’tC. dared not toD. dares not25. I’m so hungry that I ________find something to eat.A. have toB. wouldC. mayD. can26. All the students ________do their best for the modernization of our country.A. canB. shouldC. mayD. might27. You ________be careful with your homework.A. mustB. have toC. mayD. are used to28. It is getting darker. You ________not go home.A. had betterB. have betterC. would ratherD. would like29. I ________what happened to our school.A. would like knowB. would like to knowC. would like knowingD. would like that I know30. — Would you mind my changing the plan?— ________.A. Oh, no, pleaseB. Yes, I mind notC. No, I wouldD. Yes, I will31. — It ________ be Jack who is in the library.—I’m sure it ________be him, I saw him off at the railway station just two days ago.A. can’t; can’t eB. must; mustn’tC. must; can’tD. can’t; mustn’t32. I ________tell her the truth about his marriage.A. can’t helpB. can’t butC. may not helpD. mustn’t but33. Since she is angry, we ________.A. had better to leave her alongB. should leave her aloneC. would rather to leave her aloneD. must leave her alone34. Look! What you’ve done to me. You ________more careful.A. maybeB. had toC. should have beenD. would be35. ________read the letter for you?A. Would you like meB. Do you want meC. Will you mind meD. Shall I36. He promised he ________not make such silly mistakes.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could37. ________it be true that his father will go abroad?A. CanB. MayC. NeedD. Should38. Those streams are so small that they ________be shown in the maps.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. may39. — May I use your bike?— ________.A. No, you may notB. No, you mustn’tC. No, you won’tD. Sorry, I’m afraid not40. — Must I write to her?— No, you ________.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. don’t have to41. — Need I start tonight?— Yes, you ________.A. doB. needC. mustD. may42. The old man ________sit for hours watching the ships.A. wouldB. shouldC. was used toD. would rather to43. If the telephone ________ring, please wake me up.A. wouldB. shouldC. willD. might44. I wish they ________stop making remarks about me.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. shall45. You’re thirsty, aren’t you? ________he get some coffee?A. DoesB. ShallC. WouldD. Let46. Which of the following is wrong?A. That may be true.B. That might be true.C. That can be true.D. That could be true.47. — Would you lend me some money?— Yes, I ________.A. wouldB. willC. canD. may48. He ________ swimming when he was young.A. was used to goB. got used to goC. used to goingD. used to go49. You say you ________ not do it, but I say you ________do it.A. will; shallB. shall; shallC. shall; willD. will; will50. You ________out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold.A. should have goneB. shouldn’t have goneC. could not have goneD. might have gone51. He ________the 8:30 train because he didn’t leave home until 9:00.A. can’t catchB. couldn’t catchC. may notD. can’t have caught52. You ________us this because we had more than enough.A. needn’t bringB. needn’t have broughtC. mustn’t bringD. couldn’t have brought53. — He learnt the language in three months.— He ________very hard.A. must workB. might have workedC. must have workedD. might work54. — Who told you my telephone number?—I don’t remember. It ________Mary.—It can’t be Mary, she doesn’t know it.A. may have beenB. can have beenC. must beD. can be55. You ________him, why didn’t you?A. ought to thankB. ought have thankedC. ought to have thankedD. ought thank56. I ________have arrived a little earlier, but my car broke down.A. shouldB. couldC. canD. can’t57. — ________we go out for a walk?—Great. Let’s goA. ShallB. WillC. MayD. Should58. Though she was seriously ill, she ________ complete the work in time.A. wouldB. was able toC. was possible toD. might59. — Would you like to play chess with me?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I wouldC. I’d likeD. I’d like to60. Tom is late. He ________the wrong bus.A. must takeB. must have takenC. might takeD. could take英语专业考研语言学试题 21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented2. Little Jim should love ________to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking3. — I usually go there by train.— Why not ________by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going4. John was made ________the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing5. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest6. She pretended________ me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen7. Though he had often made his sister ________, today he was made________by his sister.A. cry; to cryB. crying; cryingC. cry; cryingD. to cry; cry8. Tell him ________the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. don’t’ shut9. ________her sick to think of the matter.A. That madeB. That causedC. It madeD. It caused10. The woman’s job is ________after the disable children.A. lookB. looksC. lookedD. to look11. She ________to ________everything.A. demanded; tellB. demanded; be toldC. required; tellD. required; be told12. It’s time ________our league meeting.A. to beginB. beginningC. that we beginD. that we’ll begin13. That day I was the last one ________the experiment.A. madeB. makingC. to makeD. having made14. I’m hungry. Get me something ________.A. to be eatenB. to eatC. eatingD. to be eating15. Would you ________me to show you around the place?A. letB. likeC. mindD. care16. She is said ________the necklace.A. that she lostB. that she has lostC. to loseD. to have lost17. What do you think is the best way ________the problem?A. to settlingB. in which settlingC. to settleD. settling18. You are ________retell the story.A. oughtB. ought toC. expectingD. expected to19. I didn’t want the problem ________again.A. to raiseB. to be raisedC. being raisedD. be raised20. Have you had the nurse ________your son’s temperature?A. to takeB. takingC. takeD. taken21. First we should find a hotel ________for the night.A. to put up at itB. in order to put up atC. at where to put upD. at which to put up22. ________wake me up when you come in.A. You’d better not toB. You’d better notC. You hadn’t better toD. You hadn’t better23. I don’t think you need ________ today.A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. leavingD. being left24. We have been looking for the girl all the morning, but she is no where________.A. to seeB. to be seenC. being seenD. seen25. He should ________for what he has done.A. praiseB. be praisedC. have praisedD. to be praised26. He felt a stone ________his back.A. hittingB. to hitC. hittedD. hit27. I hurried to school, only ________out it was Sunday.A. findB. to findC. foundD. would find28. Here are some exercises that need________ after class.A. doneB. to be doneC. being doneD. to do29. I’ve been waiting for half an hour ________me the phone call.A. to giveB. for you givingC. of you to giveD. for you to give30. Everything ________smoothly.A. seems goingB. seems to be goingC. is seeming to goD. is seeming to be going31. It was thoughtful ________us the map of the city.A. of you to sendB. for you to sendC. of you sendingD. for you sending32. You are fortunate ________as a member of the club.A. being acceptedB. to acceptC. To have acceptedD. to have been accepted33. ________wasn’t pleasant ________up so early.A. He; to wakeB. He; to be wakenC. It; of him to wakeD. It; to be woken34. I find these problems are easy________.A. to work outB. to be worked outC. in working outD. to be worked them out35. How rude ________him ________a child like that.A. of; to treatB. for; to treatC. of; is to treatD. for; is to treat36. It was stupid ________him ________attend the lecture.A. of; to notB. of; not toC. for; to notD. for; not to37. It was impossible ________lost time to ________.A. for; make upB. of; make upC. for; be made upD. of; be made up38. The shoes are too large ________.A. to me to wearB. for me to wearC. to me to be wornD. for me to be worn39. ________was sorry________ made such a silly mistake.A. It; to haveB. It; havingC. I ; to haveD. I; having40. I’ll be delighted ________.A. when I’ll see you againB. to see you againC. that I see you againD. to have seen you again41. He was ________tired ________any further.A. too; walkingB. too; to walkC. so; walkingD. so; to walk42. Will you be ________kind ________make tea for me?A. so; toB. fairly; toC. so; as toD. fairly; as to43. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ________.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on44. I ________how to answer the question.A. puzzleB. am puzzlingC. have puzzledD. am puzzled45. Have you decided ________the party?A. whether you holdB. why to holdC. whether to holdD. if to hold46. He doesn’t know ________to stay or not.A. ifB. eitherC. neitherD. whether he ought47. Last summer I took a course on ________.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made48. He hesitated ________ the medicine.A. takingB. about to takeC. whether he takeD. whether to take49. How do the birds know exactly ________ direction ________?A. which, flyingB. which; to fly toC. in which; to flyD. X; flying to50. —I don’t know ________with the problem.— Why not ________your teacher for advise?A. what to do; to askB. how to do; to askC. what to do; askD. how to do; ask51. I think he should get a job, but you can’t force him ________ if he’s not ready ________.A. to get; toB. to get; XC. to; X D; to; to do52. — Would you like to go to the ball?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I’d likeC. I’d like toD. I’d like to go53. —Aren’t you in charge of this?— No, and I ________.A. don’t wantB. don’t want toC. don’t want to be D am not54. ________the truth, I don’t want to go.A. To tellB. TellC. TellingD. In order to tell55. I’d rather read something at home than ________to the park in such weather.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went56. We could do nothing but ________Father for help.A. askB. askingC. to askD. asked57. He wanted nothing but ________in the corner.A. seatB. be seatedC. be seatD. to be seated58. It ________about two years________ such a big dam.A. takes; in buildingB. takes; to buildC. needs; in buildingD. needs; to build59. How much did ________cost ________the house?A. it; in rebuildingB. he; in rebuildingC. it; to rebuildD. he; to rebuild60. ________requires patience ________a good nurse.A. She; to beB. she; if she isC. It; to beD. It; if she is。

北师大2008文学院古代汉语与语言学理论

2、阅读下面的材料，归纳基本观点，并简单点评。（5分）
王圣美治字学，演其义以为“右文”。……凡字，其类在左，其义在右。……所谓“右文”者，如“戋”，小也：水之小者曰“浅”，金之小者曰“钱”，歹之小者曰“残”，贝之小者曰“贱”，如此之类，皆以“戋”为义也。
八、问答题（10分）
古代汉语被动句的表述方式跟现代汉语不同的有哪些？请列出五种以上句型，并各举一例。
（1）这种人炸弹也不怕。
（2）这种人也不怕炸弹。
（3）炸弹这种人也不怕。
（4）这种人对炸弹也不怕。
三、根据下列提供的Aztec(阿兹台克语)和Zulu(祖鲁语)的材料回答下列问题：（共30分）
名词
动词
单数
复数
汉义（英义）
汉义（英义）
Michoacan
Aztec
kali
kalimes
房子(house)
分析下面例子并给出正确回答（括号里面是这个词词义的英语和汉语翻译）：
bugo( hit，打) bugoli ( hitting，打，名词)
dila ( repair，修理) dilali ( repairing，修理，名词)
don ( come in，进米) donni ( coming in，米，名词)
3、分析祖鲁语的名词和动词时靠什么方式来区分？（5分）
4、祖鲁语中的[z]和[n]是否是不同的音位？[i]和[a]是否是不同的音位?为什么？（10分）
四、普通话存在下列二组音位，试分析这二组音在组合和聚合上有什么特点？在此基础上分析组合关系和聚合关系是否有相互依存的关系。（15分）
tstsʰs
tʂtʂʰ ʂ
umfundi
abafundi
读者(reader)

2006年东北师范大学英语专业基础试题

学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：英语专业基础考试时间：2006年1月15日下午Part One: Linguistics (50 points)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.Write T for true and F for false. (5 points)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement isthe most important.2. [F] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which arenamed contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5 points)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10 points)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10 points)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20 points)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss thecontributions linguistics makes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60 points)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20 points)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significanceof Transcendentalism in American literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20 points)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principlesthe poem has illustrated and how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabindoors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms.These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number ofchildren in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the authorreferring to in the first sentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15 points)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your correctedparts in your answer sheet. (6 points)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges whois elected to administer the law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two statesof Maryland and Virginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has beenextensively adopted in the British Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in thesame place in the United States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne inorder to keep back the Welsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3 points)III. Analyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3 points)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet. (3 points)Part Four: Translation (25 points)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10 points)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。

东北师范大学英语语言学考研复习经验总结

东北师范大学英语语言学考研复习经验总结2013年东北师范大学英语语言学考研复习经验总结看到别人分享的经验，忍不住也来分享一下。

一、语言学就是杨忠老师的语言学与胡壮麟的书。

我大学时期学的是戴伟栋的新编简明英语语言学教程。

我认为杨忠老师的书比胡的书好多的，书又薄还比较容易理解。

我当时看杨书的时候是参照它的汉语版本（上面有好多错误，但是也要看，起码能巩固课本上的知识。

PS:13年复试笔试考到了上面的几个小题目。

所以也要认真对待啊。

）及一份笔记看的。

看第一遍的时候，就是查了查不会的单词，没什么印象。

慢慢的多看几遍就好了。

第七章十分重要，要结合胡的书看，特别是例子。

忘了是看第几遍的时候，我自己整理的一份笔记，其实无非就是课本及笔记上的知识点，知识整理一下感觉更有条理。

但是当我整理完了之后发现，完全是在抄课本还有自己补充的内容，然后就没有然后了……你懂得，那个本子也被束之高阁了。

当然，我并不反对用本子做笔记，还是那句话吧，适合自己的才是最好的。

看好课本以后就是研究真题了，真题灰常灰常重要。

胡的书看的时候感觉头痛啊，还痛苦，每看一页我就会不由的叹气，以至于，同位会说，又叹气了……到了后来，一遍比一遍熟悉，感觉轻松了不少，是对照着圣才的那本胡壮麟语言学教程的，这本满蛮有条理。

二、政治先说辅导班吧，很多人会问我到底要不要报辅导班？？去年我也问过他们这个问题，纠结到底要不要。

最后，为了买了个安慰还是没按捺住，报了某辅导机构的政治冲刺班。

（上课在一个大教室里，还不是在校内……真心受不了）。

不过，真心讲一句，贾诩的讲课还是很搞笑的，也许最大的收获就是“买笑”了。

我是在暑假结束后才开始复习政治的，就是大纲解析下来之后才开始看的（虽然我的大纲解析一遍都没看完，不要学我哈！！），因为实在是太无聊，太枯燥，后来就跟着辅导班的进程走了。

什么讲题班，押题班，冲刺班，都上了，不过，让他给忽悠的还真的是信心百倍，就感觉，大题肯定考这个了。

英语专业考研都考什么（2）

英语专业考研都考什么(2)– 1.初试–1、考试科目：政治、二外、基础英语(包括写作与翻译) (分值150分) 、英美文学、语言学 (有的学校不分专业方向, 只考基础英语和专业知识) (分值150分)– 2、初试总分要求：大约350分(各校情况不一样); 允许有一科成绩不及格，但不能低于某个分数(比如55分)。

–参考书目(好些学校不列参考书)2、复试–参加复试与录取的比例：1.2:1–考试科目：听力和口试–成绩计算：初试分数加上复试分数如何备考–英语专业考研试题的特点：–一是题量大，二是对基础能力、基础知识要求很高，三是知识涵盖面广，四是各个学校对知识点考核的差异很大。

–这就要求考生在复习时应该提早准备，扎扎实实的打好基础。

考研参考书目–英语语言学的复习用书：胡壮麟的《语言学教程》刘润清、文旭的《新编语言学教程》桂诗春的《应用语言学》戴伟栋的《简明英语语言学教程》等–英美文学的复习用书：罗经国的《新编英国文学选读》常耀信的《美国文学简史》、《美国文学选读》张伯香的《英美文学选读》、《英国文学教程》陈嘉的《英国文学史》杨岂深的《英国文学选读》吴伟仁的《英国文学史及选读》和《美国文学史及选读》刘炳善的《英国文学简史》–英语国家文化的复习用书：王佐良《欧洲文化入门》、朱永涛、余志远《英美文学基础教程》、《英语国家概况》等–翻译方面的复习用书：冯庆华《实用翻译教程》郭著章《翻译教程》––基础英语一般不指定教材，但是张汉熙的《高级英语》很重要。

注重共核性知识的复习和掌握–所谓共核，就是任何学校都要考的，比如英语的基础知识：如词汇、语法、修辞、阅读、写作、翻译等;专业英语知识：如语言学、文学、文化等。

–要了解所报考学校的试题特点，突出重点，有针对性地进行复习。

–抓紧时间通读指定参考书，要注意找到自己的薄弱环节，集中复习，重点掌握，特别是基础英语，哪项薄弱补哪项，提高专项应试技能，保证总分到位。

要特别注意复习真题–首先，要有较标准的真题参考答案。

东北师范大学研究生实用英语翻译复习资料汇总

东北师范大学研究生实用英语翻译复习资料汇总英语翻译复习资料一、翻译过程中的注意事项对原文词义的理解，需要译者扎实的语言功底和对上下文的融会贯通，初学者以为只要有一本双语词典，就可以搞翻译了，这种看法未免有些太片面了，词典固然重要，但词典上的意义不一定适合一切场合，因为词义只有根据一定的上下文，在具体的句子和语篇中才能确定下来。

例如：（1）I have read with much satisfaction the phrase which you quote concerning the number strongholds. Yes, there must be few of them, but good ones.我非常满意的读了你引用的关于要塞数量的那段文字。

是的，你讲的很对，要塞是数量不必多，但质量要好。

(2)when she pointed out that it must be he who spread the rumor, he retort ed: “No! No!”当她指着他一定是散布谣言的人的时候，他反驳说：那绝对不是我。

(3)“we do not”, she reminded us gently, “want to trouble him” we all shook our heads.他轻轻地提醒我们说：我们不想麻烦她。

我们都点头表示同意(4) “几点了” “都22了，还不快点。

”“what’s the time?”“It’s already twenty-two past the hour. So hurry up ,th en.”（5）It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.我似乎觉得应该一视同仁。

词典有时并不能把实际语境中真正含义表达出来，如，电影中的“主演”，电影字幕上写着“starring-”而不是词典上的译法：play a leading role in a film,还有名牌，一般词典上译成famous-brand而地道的英语应是name-brand(6)他看见我那辆漂亮的新车就非常眼红。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14一、简答题0 Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)1 Jane showed her baby pictures.2 The old man is drinking in the air.3 We need more realistic officials to handle the economy.4 We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street.5 Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner.6 What is Halliday's idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?7 What are deep and surface structures?8 In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?(1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.(2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.(3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)9 What is conceptual meaning? Try to distinguish it from any other types of meaning classified by Leech?（北二外2008研)10 Explain the notion of hyponym.（北二外2008研)11 How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features?（浙江大学2004研)(a)The television drank my water.(b)His dog writes poetry.11 What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:12 Where did he buy the beer?13 Your watch is broken.（上海交大2006研)13 Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair:（北二外2007研)14 a. He no longer likes coffee. b. He liked coffee.15 a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.16 In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?17 Are utterances, sentences, and propositions the same?18 Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?（厦门大学2010研)19 What are the major concerns of pragmatics?（人大2006研)20 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?(浙江大学2005研) Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day.21 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or " 言外之意" in Chinese.（中山大学2005研)22 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn.（厦门大学2006研)(1)A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2)A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.(3)A: Would you drive a Mercedes? B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.。

[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编6.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编6一、单项选择题1 The sense relationship between "John plays the piano" and "John plays a musical instrument" is ______.(北二外2004研)（A）synonymy（B）antonymy（C）entailment2 Conceptual meaning is not______（A）affective（B）cognitive（C）logic（D）denotative3 The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word______（A）is interpreted through the mediation of concept.（B）is related to the thing it refers to.（C）is the idea associated with that word "in the minds of speakers".（D）is the image it is represented in the mind.4 Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or______which can not be determined by the context.（A）homonymy（B）antonymy（C）meronymy（D）synonymy5 The speech act theory was developed by______.(对外经贸2006研)（A）John Searle（B）John Austin（C）Levinson（D）G. Leech6 Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest.(Focus on the type of illo-cutionary act)(南京大学2007研)（A）threaten（B）advise（C）beseech（D）urge7 ______is using a sentence to perform a function.(西安外国语学院2006研)（A）A perlocutionary act（B）An illocutionary act（C）A locutionary act（D）Speech act8 By saying "You have left the door wide open," a speaker might be performing the three acts; locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary______.(西安交大2008研)（A）at the same time（B）one after another（C）two first and then the other（D）one first and then the other two9 The Illocutionary Act was developed by______.(西安交大2008研)（A）John Austin（B）Levinson（C）John Lyons（D）John Searle10 According to the conversation maxim of______suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.(西安外国语学院2006研)（A）quantity（B）quality（C）relevance（D）manner11 Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?(对外经贸2006研)（A）the maxim of quantity（B）the maxim of quality（C）the maxim of manner（D）the maxim of strength12 ______variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation. （A）Regional（B）Social（C）Stylistic（D）Idiolectal13 The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in ______and vocabulary.（A）diglossia（B）bilingualism（C）pidginization（D）blending14 ______are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations. （A）Slang（B）Address terms（C）Registers（D）Education varieties15 Probably the most widespread and familiar ethnic variety of the English language is______.（A）British English（B）American English（C）Black English（D）Australian English16 ______refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（A）Lingua franca（B）Creole（C）Pidgin（D）Standard language17 ______is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（A）Competence（B）Performance（C）Learning（D）Acquisition18 ______is the study of psychological aspect of language.（A）language acquisition（B）applied linguistics（C）psycholinguistics（D）pragmatics19 A child acquires his/her mother tongue invariably through these phases: ______, one-word, two-word and multiword.（A）no-word（B）babbling（C）talking（D）uttering20 In the following sentences, which is not a metonymy?（A）The sax has the flu today.（B）Watergate changed American politics.（C）Wall Street is in a panic.（D）She is the apple in her parents' eyes.21 Which is not a type of iconicity?（A）Iconicity of distance（B）Iconicity of complexity（C）Iconicity of intimacy（D）Iconicity of order22 In Krashen' s monitor theory, "i" in "i +1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______.(对外经贸2006研)（A）interaction（B）interference（C）input（D）intake23 Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as______.（A）interference（B）interlanguage（C）fossilization（D）acculturation24 ______sees errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.（A）error analysis（B）performance analysis（C）contrastive analysis（D）discourse analysis二、名词解释25 arbitrariness（四川大学2006研)。

英语专业,考研,期末,语言学必备

1. Course information and requirements
1. Instructor: Aimei (Grace) Chen gracechen89@ 2. Teaching Method: discussion and presentation. 3. Grading: Attendance (5%) Performance (presentation and participation) (15%) Mid-term paper(20 %); Final exam (60 %).
Syntax
is about principles of forming and understanding correct sentences.The form or structure of a sentence is governed by the rules of syntax, which specify word order, sentence organization, and the relationships between words, word classes and other sentence elements.
2. What is linguistics
1) Definition “Linguistics may be defined as the scientific study of language” (Lyons 1968: 1). This definition is well accepted because it pinpoints the object and methods of linguistics as a discipline.
Pragmatics

东北师范大学外国语学院考研参考书目

初复
《英语语言学导论》（第二版）
杨忠
中国人民大学出版社
2012年
055101 英语笔译（专业学位）
所有
《大学写作教程》
何明
东北师范大学出版社
2006年
所有
《现代大学英语精读5》
总主编：杨立民主编：梅仁毅
外语教学与研究出版社
2007年
所有
《现代大学英语精读6》
总主编：杨立民主编：梅仁毅
外语教学与研究出版社
2008年
所有
《英汉翻译综合技能教程》
董成
东北师范大学出版社
2010年
所有
《英语笔译实务3级》全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试指定教材
总主编：黄源深主编：张春柏
外文出版社
2009年
055102 英语口译（专业学位）
所有
《大学写作教程》
何明
东北师范大学出版社
2006年
所有
《现代大学英语精读5》
总主编：杨立民主编：梅仁毅
外语教学与研究出版社
2006年
初试
二外全新版《大学英语》综合教程1-4册侧重1-3册
李荫华主编
上海外语教育出版社
2001年
所有
Методикапреподаваниярусскогоязыкакакиностранног
Подред.А.Н.Щукина.
М.:Рус.Яз.
1990年
所有
Терминыметодикапреподаваниярусскогоязыкакакинос
2009年
初复
《Principles of Language Learning and Teaching》

2008英语专业基础(文学)

学科专业：英语语言文学考试科目：英语专业基础考试时间：2008年1月20日下午说明：所有试题答案均需写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的一律无效。

第一部分：英国文学Part One (30 points)I. Choose one of the four alternatives which you think right. Write the letter that stands for your choice inthe Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Jude the Obscure, The Mayor of Casterbridge and Tess of the D’Urbervilles are all __________.A. Romances and FantasiesB. Novels of Social SatireC. Picaresque novelsD. Novels of Characters and Environment2. __________ invented sonnet sequence.A. ShakespeareB. SidneyC. SpencerD. Marlowe3. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to one of the following poets – __________.A. BlakeB. GrayC. LarkinD. Burns4. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have the following in common except __________.A. they all wrote poems.B. they all belong to the first generation of RomanticismC. they all began as conservatives and ended as radicalsD. they all lived for a time in close association with the Lake District5. __________ are all the writers who were born in Ireland.A. Sheridan, Swift, Joyce, Wilde and ShawB. Swift, Yeats, Shaw, Wilde and T. S. EliotC. Sterne, Joyce, Lawrence, Hardy and SheridanD. Swift, Woolf, Joyce, Sterne and Shaw6. University Wits include all the following playwrights except __________.A. MarloweB. LylyC. ShakespeareD. Green7. David Copperfield, Sons and Lovers and The Mill on the Floss have something in common in that they areall __________.A. novels of psychological realismB. novels of critical realismC. novels of social satireD. autobiographical8. The person who greatly influenced Lawrence’s life and writing is __________.A. his motherB. his wifeC. his fatherD. his German teacher9. The Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad are two famous works by __________.A. Philip SydneyB. John DrydenC. Alexander PopeD. Christopher Marlowe10. Robin Hood is similar to King Arthur in that __________.A. both of them are Welsh menB. both of them are legendary figuresC. both of them are historical figuresD. both of them are half historical and half legendaryII. Define the terms. Write your answers in the Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Sentimentalism2. The Movement PoetsIII. Answer the question briefly. Write your answer in the Answer Sheet. (10 points)What are the features of Hardy’s novels?Part Two (30 points)I. Term explanation. Choose to explain one of the following terms. (5 points)1. Irony2. Dramatic monologueII. Reading comprehension. Read the quoted parts and answer the quotations in English. (10 points)1. “So let us melt, and make no noise,No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,‘Twere prophanation of our joysTo tell the laity our love.A. From which poem is the stanza taken and who is the author of it?B. What does “laity” refer to?2. “At length, in 1812, Mr. Williams made his debut on the stage of Ratcliffe Highway, and executed thoseunparalleled murders which have procured for him such a brilliant and undying reputation. On which murders, by the way, I must observe, that in one respect they have had an ill effect, by making the connoisseur in murder very fastidious in his taste, and dissatisfied by anything that has been since done in that line. All other murders look pale by the deep crimson of his; …… ‘There has been absolutely nothing doing since his time, or nothing that’s worth speaking of.”A. From which work is the paragraph taken and who is the author of the work?B. What is the meaning of the underlined part?III. Quotations and answers. (10 points)1. What does “fog” symbolize in Dickens’s Bleak House?2. What targets does Swift attack in his “A Modest Proposal”?IV. Topics for discussion. (5 points)Write about 150 words on one of the following topics in English.1. Summarize the story of Great Expectations and comment on the theme of the novel.2. Summarize the story of Sense and Sensibility and comment on the theme of the novel.第二部分：美国文学I. Decide whether each of the statements is true or false. (10 points)1. Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms becomes a symbol for an age in that it paints the image of the LostGeneration.2. O’Neill’s fame has remained enduring and one of the reasons for that is that he never stopped to improvehis art in step with the spirit of the times.3. Black Mountain poets got their name because they were teachers in Black Mountain College.4. Edward Taylor was a meditative poet whose poetry, by today’s standard, might be the best in colonialpoetry.5. The essence of T. S. Eliot’s thought lies in the inter-reaction between the past, the present and the future.6. Sandburg was fascinated with “psychological enigmas,” the product of modern life.7. Stevens’ poem “Anecdote of the Jar” discusses the relationship between art and reality.8. The greatest cultural influence over Pound might come from ancient China.9. Maggie: A Girl of the Street is called the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel and “a consciouslynaturalistic manifesto.”10. Poe is a writer whose influence on Chinese literature is insignificant.II. Explain the following terms in your own words. (10 points)1. Harlem Renaissance2. Black HumorIII. Answer the following questions briefly. (10 points)1. Comment on Asian American literature and its development.2. Talk about Hawthorne’s influence on American literature.IV. Read the following passage and do as required. (10 points)And as I (1) sat there brooding on the old unknown world, I thought of Gatsby’s wonder (2) when he first picked out the green light at the end of Dais y’s dock. (3) He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night.Gatsby believed in the green light (4), the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. (5) It eluded usthen, but there’s no matter – tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther…1. Explain the numbered parts in simple English.（注：原编号如此，未经任何改动——icywarmtea）2. Comment on the author’s choice of narrator.第三部分：英语国家概况I. Answer the following questions and write your answers in the answer sheet provided. (20 points)1. What are the contributions of the Norman Conquest? (3 points)2. What is the significance of the American Civil War? (3 points)3. Describe the characteristics of the British economy. (4 points)4. Name three most influential newspapers in the United States of America. (3 points)5. How do you understand “The members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are reallaw-makers.” (3 points)6. What are the geographical features of the United States of America? (4 points)第四部分：翻译I. Translate the following paragraph from English into Chinese. (15 points)It seems that as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.II. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. (15 points)白蛇传本事白蛇乃天上之精灵，因思凡下山，变成美女白素贞，与伺女小青（青蛇化身）居于杭州。