雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)
IELTS阅读填空题
summary(摘要填空)1. 题型要求该类题目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写，我们称之为摘要。
摘要中有几个空白部分要求考生填空。
按照范围，摘要可分为两种：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。
全文摘要，摘要信息来自全文，题目空格的数目较多。
部分段落摘要，摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落，题目空格的数目较少。
最近考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要，信息来自原文连续的两到三段，题目空格的数量在5题左右。
对于部分段落摘要，有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，如complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the reading assage。
但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。
按照填空内容，摘要也可分为三种：原文原词、从多个选项中选词和自己写词。
原文原词的题目要求中常有from the reading assage 的字样。
从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。
从多个选项中选词或自己写词的题目要求中没有from the reading assage 的字样，有时会有using the information in the passage的字样。
最近考试中，绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词，很少有自己写词的。
这类题在a类和g类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次，每次考一组，共五题左右。
2. 解题步骤(1) 仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。
如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处，则此步可以略去不做。
(2) 注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下：a. 原词b. 词性变化；如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词，原文中的词为threat, 是名词。
c. 语态变化；一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel如果你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心，那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你，今天给大家带来了雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel?What Do Whales Feel?Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales ofte n remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater – specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii – have obviously tracked objects with vision under-water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forwardand downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air–water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’well-developed acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation. Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.真题讲解：长难句练习：1. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) 参考译文：训练者捕获海豚和小鲸鱼经常评论它们的动物反映当被抚摸或是摩擦的时候，并且无论是捕获还是放养的所有种类的鲸类个体(尤其是成年鲸和幼仔，或是用一个子群中的成员)表现出频繁的接触。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel如果你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心，那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你，今天给大家带来了雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel?What Do Whales Feel?Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales ofte n remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater – specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii – have obviously tracked objects with vision under-water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forwardand downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air–water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’well-developed acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation. Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.真题讲解：长难句练习：1. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) 参考译文：训练者捕获海豚和小鲸鱼经常评论它们的动物反映当被抚摸或是摩擦的时候，并且无论是捕获还是放养的所有种类的鲸类个体(尤其是成年鲸和幼仔，或是用一个子群中的成员)表现出频繁的接触。
详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧
详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧雅思阅读填空题是雅思阅读中的常考题型，那么，如何才能快速做对雅思阅读填空题呢?首先要看清题目要求，然后要快速定位选择合适的词汇填入空中。
下面为大家整理了详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧,供考生们参考,以下是详细内容.详解雅思阅读填空题的解题技巧新题型：填空式阅读每周练STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目拿到一篇阅读文章,考生应该首先细读题目要求,确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目,哪些是关于文章细节的题目,同时找出题目中的中心词.STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章1. 扫描标题考生拿到一篇思学术类阅读文章,首先应该看一下文章的标题,而迄今为止,雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题,始可用来判断文章大意、类型、进而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题,副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题,这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现,一般文章较长而且难,但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句.考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述,则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意.2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息.3.扫描每个段落的首末句,把握文章主题：主题句提示文章每段的主题含意,进而合成整个文章的大意.因此,一定要找出主题句,从而找出这一段的主题.主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此),寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD) 中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词,一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现.比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词.5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息,因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描,了解其内容从而加快答题速度,不然的话,就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪.但应注意,一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略.STEP THREE：以问题为中心,通过上述扫描工作,找出文章中对应的中心词,从而定位正确答案.雅思阅读之如何解决人名问题一、考题要点A. 人名观点配对一般考察的是某个人的言论(statement)、观点(opinion)、评论(comment)、发现(findings or discoveries)。
雅思阅读填空
• III. 确定所填词的词性
对所填词的词性进行预判断，有助于提高考生对正确答案的敏感性，帮 助考生精确锁定答案，个别词性的判断甚至能直接帮助我们找到答案。 比较极端的例子便是不定冠词a和an。如果空格前面有冠词a或an，往往 意味着空格应当填一个可数名词的单数形式，而不定冠词极难被同义转 换，因此原文中的词很可能也是带有a/ an的。
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• 我们以剑5 Test 2 流程图Q4 为例，来看一下等义关系的妙 用。
Q: stage one resin, called 4________.
很显然，这道题目是一个等义关系。定位词应当是resin。 结果在全文的第五段第三行定位到原句：the result was a resin know as Novalak,… 。根据known as这个等义结构，很 容易得出这道题目的答案Novalak.
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3. 所有题目均有字数限制 所有这类题目的指令里面都包括字数限制的要求，一般都 是不超过3个字，这同样是由阅读考试客观性、标准性的 性质所决定的。如果对答案不设字数限制，那么往往会导 致出现多个标准答案的现象，这也是不符合考试的原则的。 因为阅卷的时候标准答案越少，试卷的批阅过程就越客观、 越公正。
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• 3.并列关系
并列关系是填空类题目出得最多的语间关系。常见的并列 关系结构有：A and B, A or B, A as well as B, not only A but (also) B等等。只要找到其中一个定位词，另外一个自然就 是与其并列的词了。
我们以剑4 Test 1表格题Q19为例：
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5.基本都讲顺序原则 除了带选项的段落摘要题比较不稳定之外，其它所有的填 空题都比较严格地遵循顺序原则，即题号的顺序与原文的 顺序一致。掌握这条原则，我们将有效地缩短寻找答案的 时间。 在了解了这类题型出题思路之后，我们再来看一下这种题 目的做题步骤。
雅思听力第四部分填空题词汇量
雅思听力第四部分填空题词汇量一、题目示例1 - 5。
（一）题目。
1. The research found that most employees prefer a (flexible) working schedule.2. One of the main reasons for this preference is to achieve a better (work - life balance).3. The study also showed that a (supportive) management team can increase job satisfaction.4. Another factor is having access to (professional) development opportunities.5. In some cases, employees value (regular) feedback from their supervisors.（二）解析。
1. “flexible”：这个词在描述工作安排时很常用，表示灵活的。
例如，“flexible working hours”（灵活的工作时间）。
2. “work - life balance”：是一个固定搭配，表示工作与生活的平衡。
在现代职场话题中经常被提及。
3. “supportive”：形容词，意为支持性的。
用来形容团队、环境等对员工积极的作用。
4. “professional”：这里指专业的。
“professional development”（专业发展）是员工提升自己在职场竞争力的重要方面。
5. “regular”：形容词，常规的、定期的。
“regular feedback”（定期的反馈）有助于员工了解自己的工作表现并改进。
二、题目示例6 - 10。
（一）题目。
6. The new policy aims to reduce (carbon) emissions in the city.7. A key strategy is to promote the use of (renewable) energy sources.8. The government is considering building more (bicycle) lanes to encourage cycling.9. There will also be an increase in (public) transportation services.10. One of the challenges is to change people's (travel) habits.（二）解析。
雅思阅读填空题实例解析
雅思阅读填空题实例解析雅思阅读填空题是阅读中特别常见的题型之一，如何才能快速做对填空题?下面我就和大家共享雅思阅读填空题实例解析，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读填空题实例解析实例讲解雅思阅读填空题做题方法一看清题目要求我们以剑13的Test 1的第一篇阅读题为例来讲解填空题的审题要求。
这一道阅读题的1-7是表格填空题，做题之前先审题。
题目的要求有两点：1.不多于一个词(ONE WORD ONLY);2.从文章中找词(Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage)。
基于这样的题目要求，我们在做题的时候就只能往空上填一个词，而且这个词必需来源于原文。
看清了题目要求，就可以开头做题了。
实例讲解雅思阅读填空题做题方法二定位文章位置我们以第一个空为例，讲解如何依据关键词定位文章位置。
我们在题目的图表中看到，第1和第2个题都属于“Database of tourism services”这个分类之下，我们可以通过这个分类快速将题目答案范围定位到其次段Database of tourism services的位置，然后回头看题目“allow businesses to information regularly”此时我们要在题干中选取定位词，可选的定位词有两个“business”和“regularly”，但是“business”太过宽泛，我们就用“regularly”来定位。
然后依据这这个定位词，我们将答案出处定位在原文的这句话里“In addition, because participating businesses were able toupdate the details they gave on a regularbasis, the information provided remained accurate.”所以答案就出来了，空格上填“update”。
综上所述，我们可以看到做填空题的时候要经受这几个过程，先确定定位词，再找到对应内容，然后在空格上填入合适单词即可。
(完整版)雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)
雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度.总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式:一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空;另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空.下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题.单词填空式解题策略对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位.首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断.这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的.②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。
雅思阅读备考指导-填空题共30页文档
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 )，只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气，不要看破要突 破，不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ，不要 托延要 积极， 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋，机会，乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意：传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素，但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出，乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
39、没有不老的誓言，没有不变的承 诺，踏 上旅途 ，义无 反顾。 40、对时间的价值没有没有深切认识 的人， 决不会 坚韧勤 勉。
谢谢
11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。——邓拓 12、越是无能的人，胜人者有力，自胜者强。——老子 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。——歌德 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。——迈克尔·F·斯特利
一雅思阅读填空题
细定位：同义词、观点
例子： 1 …ice、rock and a few s.
2 adv _____ (v/adj) adj _____ (n/adj)
三、相对稳定性结构
1 题干中： a_____AB 原文中：a/the/x_______AB 2 题干中：the_____of xxxx AB 原文中： the_____of xxxx AB
——————
Conclusion 总结
原文原词
八字方针
检 查
四、 自我检测 Self-check
形式
检测要点 内容 同义替换
准确定位是前提
原文原词是基础
Questions 1-7
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or numbers from the passage fornces show that about 5 million years ago mammoths originated from 1_____. Then some mammoths split off and migrated to 2______.In order to cope with the climate change that occurred around 2.5 million years ago,mammoths evolved into a new species, called the 3________. About 1.7millions years ago, these animals gradually spread out from China across the Northern Hemisphere, and travelled via land bridge into 4________.Some of them went further south to 5________,where they evolved to the
雅思阅读填空题深度剖析1
2014.3--5月雅思口语预测part1部分名字，中文名字含义，未来换吗?你的名字有甚么特殊含义special meaning?在中国都是谁给孩子起名字的？如何起名？在你们家有谁给你重名么？what kind of name you will give to your child?2.Study or work/subject学生还上班，如学生，专业，原因？Is it difficult?你喜欢这个专业么？是谁为你选的专业？喜欢什么时候学习?喜欢和别人一起学习吗?which subject you learnt is most difficult?3.Hometown你来自哪里？住在什么地方？有什么推荐给游客的地方吗？对家乡有什么不满意？你以后还要继续住在这吗？有什么特别的地方，你喜欢什么方面，近些年的变化？有甚么有趣的地方么4.news看新闻么？都是看什么类型的新闻Do you want to be a reporter/journalist?喜欢newspaper or news from Internet.？国内新闻看的多还是国外的？经常讨论新闻吗？从哪里获取news，比较关注什么新闻、为什么，年轻人和老人关注的新闻有什么区别? 5.DictionaryDo you often use the dictionary?Are dictionaries important?Which do you prefer? Book dictionary or electronic dictionary?6.relax放学后怎么relax？Your relaxing way?why people need to relax?小时候玩什么，喜欢户外活动还是室内的，哪种对小孩子有益，现在小孩子的对比?7.city and countryside你居住的城市是什么样的？Do you live in a small city or large one?喜欢大城市还是小城市，水上运动有哪些，有哪些特殊的水上运动?8.music&SongWhat kinds of music you like?音乐对孩子有什么影响?孩子学习乐器musical instrument重要么？,小学喜欢唱歌么,歌词重要还是旋律重要do u like sing？最喜欢的歌手？puter and internet用电脑多吗，干什么，网络对生活的影响，网络未来的发展?internet上网做什么?家人是否上网?，电脑对你的有用么，你第一次用电脑什么时候你觉得对于儿童教育电脑必要么? 10：cookingwho is your first cook.who usually cook in your family?will you cook future? What?Why为什么自己不学?在中国做菜节目流行吗?你做过什么菜会上学菜的培训班吗做菜节目在中国流行吗11.clothes and fashion:Who choose clothes for you when you were young?why?What kind of clothes do you like now?会帮助朋友买衣服吗？12.Walk喜欢walk吗？为何？去哪walk？将来还会walk吗？喜欢散步？喜欢在城市还是郊区散步？最好散步地方在哪里？13.Plant你喜欢种植物么？do u like plants/wanna got a plant as a gift?Do you have much knowledge of plants?What do you need to do to grow plants?what kind of plantdo you like?are you good at taking care of plant?14.historyknow history from TV or online?a history event or person u wanna know?When did you begin to learn history?Do you think it is interesting to learn history?What kinds of historical events or characters did you learn from history book?15.Sunny day你喜欢阳光么？你在晴天做什么？晴天影响你的心情吗？能忍受在没阳光的地方吗？Do you like spending time on sunshine day?Have you ever been to a sunshine place? What will you do in sunny days?Have you ever traveled in sunny days?16.politenessHow to show polite in your country?在中国什么是有礼貌，有关礼貌的规则有没变化等?How do people show politeness in your country?Who taught you to be polite? When do you need to be polite?Do you think that politeness is important?Why?17.birthday partybirthday的一堆堆问题，怎么过生日啊，什么时候的生日最重要？What do you usually do on your birthday?Do you think that birthday is important to you now?why?你国家最重要的生日是多少岁？18.Rain:Do you like rainy days?How does rain infect people’s daily life?Which cities in China have the most rain?你所在城市，城市天气，所在国家是否经常下雨，下雨多是否有好处。
雅思笔记填空题型
雅思笔记填空题型一、题目1 - 5。
（一）题目原文。
The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century. The first bicycle - like device was called the Draisienne, invented by Karl von Drais in 1817. It was a two - wheeled vehicle that was propelled by the rider pushing their feet against the ground. This early design was (1)______ but not very efficient.In the following decades, various improvements were made. For example, pedals were added to the front wheel in the 1860s. This led to the creation of the "boneshaker", which had a large front wheel and a small rear wheel. The name "boneshaker" came from the (2) ______ ride it provided due to its basic construction.The high - wheeler, also known as the penny - farthing, emerged in the 1870s. It had an extremely large front wheel, sometimes up to 1.5 meters in diameter. Riders sat high above the ground on this type of bicycle. However, it was (3) ______ as getting on and off was difficult and there were risksof falling.The safety bicycle, which is closer to the modern bicycle design, was introduced in the 1880s. It had two wheels of equal size and a chain - driven mechanism. This made it much more (4) ______ and easier to ride.With the development of better brakes and tyres, the safety bicycle became very popular.Today, bicycles are used for a wide variety of purposes, from commuting to sport. The design has continued to evolve, with the introduction of newmaterials such as carbon fibre, which makes bicycles (5) ______ and more durable.（二）答案与解析。
雅思阅读 笔记填空题规律
雅思阅读笔记填空题规律一、题目1 - 5。
题目1：原文：The development of modern technology has brought aboutsignificant changes in various industries. For example, in the manufacturing sector, automated machines have replaced a large number of manual workers.题目：Modern technology has led to great changes in different__________.答案：industries。
解析：根据原文第一句“The development of modern technology has brought about significant changes in various industries”，直接得出答案。
题目2：原文：Scientists have long been interested in the study of animal behavior. They conduct numerous experiments to observe how animals react to different stimuli.题目：Scientists have been studying animal __________ for a long time.答案：behavior。
解析：原文明确提到“Scientists have long been interested in the study of animal behavior”。
题目3：原文：In some countries, education is considered as the key to national development. A large amount of resources are invested in schools and universities.题目：In certain countries, education is regarded as the key tonational __________.答案：development。
雅思听力填空题
难易分级—数字列举（C5-2-4)
ANTARCTICA
GEOGRAPHY
World’s highest, coldest and windiest continent More than 31 …….. Times as big as the UK 数字 Most of the area is classified as 32 ……..
听题： 听到keyword，就要开始注意文章以下的信 息了。 trees 38 _______ the wind force 原文 Trees filter the wind force and considerably reduce it,…
4.写题 先不要管字数，把听到的内容快速挤下来， 在十分钟誊写答案的时间里再整理
填空题
句子填空
1.读题 1）读懂题目要求，明确限定的字数 2）如有标题，读标题，理解整篇主题 e.g. Write No More Than Two Words for each answer
THE URBAN LANDSCAPE
2.猜题 1） 读懂句子意思，常识判断要填的成分和大致 内容 2）读空格前后内容，确定所要填的词性。如介词 +名词/名词词组 e.g.: They can make inland cities more 33 ________ trees 38 _______ the wind force
trees 38 _______ the wind force 原文 Trees filter the nd force and considerably reduce it,…
雅思阅读--填空题
雅思阅读评分标准
等级（A类） 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5
答对题数
40 38－39 36－37 32－35 29－31 26－28 23－25 19－22 16－18
等级（G类） 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5
答对题数
40 39 38 37 35－36 30－34 26－29 22－25 18－21
4. 家庭关系：nephew 侄子niece 侄女 cousin
5. 社会关系：neighbour，classmate，buddy
哥们儿；colleague同事；confidante闺蜜
定位词???
1. Beacons and fishing lights are still used by ATC today.
Well-being chronic
16/20 7.0 14/20 6.5
representative
target feedback distribution
transparent
雅思阅读填空题讲解
填空题
• 大体三种类型： • 1. 能在原文中根据解体规则找到答案（
这种题最容易，但是一般不考）
• 2. 根据解体规律能在原文中找到同义词 或近义词（这种题较难，但是一般填空 题都会以这种形式出现）
• 总分、听力以及阅读部分的分数可以是整级 或半级。例如，如果四项平均分等于或大于 6.25分，则计入6的上半级分数，取6.5分； 如果平均分等于或大于6.75分，则计入6的 上一级分数，取7分。写作和口语部分的分数 只按整级计算。
IETLS评分标准
• 听力和阅读部分各包含40道题目，每 答对一题得一分。考生这两部分的满 分原始分均为40分，考生依据其原始 分获取1~9的等级分。
雅思阅读判断题填词题解题技巧
如果有时间
• 4. 填完后再通读1遍Summary • 从逻辑、语义和语法上检查
例题
• C7-T4-P1-P8
从单词列表中选词填空完成摘要
• 与Summary解题步骤基本一致，但在原文中找到答案后，可能要 选择同义词。
•双刃剑：
• 多做一次同义替换理解。 • VS • 通过词性词义/排除法选择正确答案
填词题中概率最大的是，填空完成摘要 Summary
• 做题步骤：
• 1. 确定整个Summary在原文中的出处
• 看题型描述中有无给出相关信息。The summary below is based on Part C of the passage.
• 看Summary的题型位置。如果是第2种题型，大多是文章中间1-3 段的总结，如果是最后1种题型，大多是文章最后1-3段的总结。
IELTS 填空题
难度适中， 6分考生应当控制错误在2题以内
填表填图题，一见笑眯眯
填表顺序：文章思路和叙述逻辑 空格所填答案与上下左右信息的关系，是衔接的 填图题，因为各部件的工作原理会集中描写，答案非常集中 先从简单题入手，答案多数为名词---C8-T4-P3-P.4
单词填写题细分为：
• 1. 原文选词填空完成摘要 • 2. 从题目后面的单词列表中选词填空完成摘要 • 3. 从原文中选词完成句子 • 4. 从原文中选词回答问题 • 概率：平均10题，难度2-3星
因果是常见考点
• 4. 首题不蒙NG，末题不蒙FALSE
TRUE题命题规律
• 1. 原文中某句话的同义替换改写，出现概率50%，容易。
• 2. 原文信息（相邻两句或一个段落）的归纳总结，概率45%，中 等难度。
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雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度.总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式:一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空;另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空.下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题.单词填空式解题策略对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位.首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断.这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的.②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。
从而逻辑关系词对于考生在解题中把握语义间的内在关系起了关键作用.如剑桥4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for words 一篇中的summary 题中This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical ___Q1______. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and ____Q2_____ are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their ____Q3_____.解题中, 对于Q1很多考生把geographical作为定位词, 所以回到原文几乎是大海捞针. 但是这一题中由as a result of 这一层因果关系给出启示: 空格处为原因. 前半句的great variety of language 表示结果. 所以从这一因果关系切入, 可以在文中找到定位句“Isolation breeds linguistic diversity”, isolation 导致great variety of languages, 所以答案为isolation. 再看Q2, 这一题中体现出多层语义关系.首先空格处和government initiatives 构成并列关系, 其次这一并列词组隶属于上义词factors,即并列词组是因素之一.最后这些因素是导致语言数量下降的原因. 所以结合这层层关系, 加以government initiatives 定位词的辅助, 就可以找到定位句”…the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization”,即答案为economic globalization.对于Q3, 虽然没有传统的因果信号词, 但是one factor 已经给出因果关系的信号, 要求考生所填的是使语言不至于消亡的因素, 所以只需回到原文找提到预防语言消亡的方法的出题处.其次, 预测空格处所填的语法属性. 即语法属性判断为了使所找的答案万无一失, 还需要对空格处进行语法判断, 这样一来, 可以缩小选择的范围, 使答案更加精确. 语法属性大致包括空格的词性, 单复数以及句子成分.如果空格前为形容词, 那么空格处应为名词; 空格前为副词, 那么空格处应为动词或形容词; 如果空格后面是be动词, 那么空格应为名词复数或形容词. 从这些小细节可以看出雅思阅读考查的细腻.以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例Having rented a garret he took on a number of _____, who stood at a long central desk.根据预测, 空格处应填复数名词, 再根据后面的定语从句, 再次精确到填表示人的复数名词. 很多考生回原文找到assistants. 的确, assistants s看似符合我们的预测, 但是却忽略了定语从句中的关键限制性的词组stood at a long desk. 所以根据这个限定, 回原文找到对应的the copying clerks would work standing up. 因此正确答案是copying clerks或clerks.再者, 根据顺序原则在空格前后找定位关键词回原文定位总的来说, 摘要填空题有一定的顺序原则, 即填空题的出题顺序往往是按照文章段落的顺序. 结合这一题型特点, 考生可以通过定位关键词回原文定位, 无需从头至尾的阅读完整篇文章.再以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例Johnson did not have a ____Q5______ available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring___Q6_____ to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a ___Q7____ by the king.Q5中根据特殊定位词40,000和80 ,直接回到原文锁定定位句, 然后通过预测判断出空格处所填的答案是一名词, 而且离空格较近的地方有表示否定的概念“did not have”, 因此找到数字定位词后看定位句中是否有提到Johnson 没有什么. 根据原文中的without a library to hand, 可以推断出所填的答案应是library.再看Q6, 这一题中的定位词很容易定位到人名James Boswell, 再加上另一个独特的名词principal achievement, 能帮助考生较快锁定到倒数第二段的最后一句“It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words, ‘conferred stability on the language of his country’.”然后根据语法属性的预测, 得知所填的空做bring 的宾语, 所以找到给英语语言带来什么就能迎刃而解了.即stability同理, 对于Q7, 根据独特定位词king回原文中锁定到最后一段第一句“…King George III to offer him a pension”. Offer与题中的grant 同义, 所以尽管语态的不一致, 但是句义一致. 答案应填offer 的宾语, 即pension.对于有的基础差的考生,要求掌握通过逻辑关系词去分析语义间的关系似乎是比较困难的一件事,因此定位词可能是他们解答题目的机会. 再辅助一些必备的语法知识去进行预测判断, 哪怕是不认识的单词或不理解的句子, 有时候也能帮这些考生找到正确的答案.单词选择式对于单词选择式的填空题来说, 考生需要从词库中选择符合题目要求的词, 而题库中有可能成为答案的词有两种情况: 1 是文章中的原词2. 是文章中原词的替换词第一种情况对考生来说更容易驾驭.考生只需按照上文中提到的解题策略, 回原文确定所应填写的词, 然后对应词库中的词得出选项.第二种情况, 考生可以先判断词库中的词为单一词性或多种词性, 如果为单一词性, 考生根据阅读理解文章原词的词义来寻找统一替换词如果是多种词性, 首先对词汇按照词性分类, 以便在确定空格内应填入的单词的词性后, 在检索时缩小范围, 提高做题准确率.以Cambridge 6 Test 2 The graying population stays in the pink 一文中The research establishes a link between levels of __Q20______ and life expectancy.A costB fallingC technologyD undernourishedE earlierF laterG disabled H more I increasingJ nutrition K education L constantM medicine N pollution O environmentP health Q independent根据观察词库可以得出该词库为多种词性的词库, 所以首先对词库进行大致的词性分类: 名词(cost, technology, nutrition, education, medicine, pollution, health), 动词( falling, increasing), 形容词(undernourished, disabled, constant, independent), 形容词的比较级(earlier, later, more). 通过观察Q20 所填的词性判断, 应填一名词. 定位关键词link, life expectancy, 回到原文找到与之同义转化的词组correlation, live longer. 从锁定的句子”one interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer.”中得出应填写的词与better-educated people 相关, 对应词库中education 符合所填的信息.总结在解答雅思阅读summary时, 逻辑关系词可以让考生较快找到答案的大致位置, 定位词可以有助于将大致方向缩小到一定范围, 而借助语法属性的预测分析能具体确定答案. 这三个关键信息是解答摘要题的支柱.当然, 在解题过程中也不能小觑同义转化的作用. 这些策略在解题中是相辅相成, 互相补充. 因此, 掌握这些策略对于考生较快又有效的解答摘要题是至关重要的.雅思阅读填空类的六大题型是雅思区别于传统英语考试的一个特色题型之一。