摘要常用句型及其翻译
毕业论文英语摘要翻译技巧
例1：（茂名学院，茂名 广东 525000） (Maoming College, Maoming , Guangdong 525000，China)
例2：（茂名学院化学与生命科学学院，茂名 广东 525000） （College of Chemistry and Life Science, Maoming University, Maoming 525000,
语言结构：
语态一般为被动语态 时态：一般目的、方法和结果用过去时或过去完成时，结论 用 一般现在时。
另外，正确的翻译还包括标点符号 其中：中文中顿号“、”，英文时改为“，”；
中文句号“。”，英文时改为“.”
常用的句型及词语
在英语论文中，常使用一些较为固定句型和表达方式，从而形 成一些独特的表达习惯。 1.表示研究目的、过程、结果等的常用句型 purpose of this study (investigation,report,etc.) is to….
与实词的要求一样。
二 、 作 者 姓 名 及 工 作 单 位 (signature and department)
按照国家科技期刊翻译标准，本部分的翻译需用统一格 式。
作者：姓，全部大写；名，首字母大写，其余小写，双 名在中间加连字符，不缩写。
例：毛泽东为 MAO Ze-dong ；张仲景为 ZHANG Zhongjing
（四）关键词（key words） 关键词指那些出现在论文标题以及摘要、正文
中，能够表现论文主题内容特征、具有实质意义 的语言词汇。
关键词可以是名词、动词、形容词或词组。 一般3～8个词为宜。多个关键词之间用“，”或
“；”分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。
毕业论文摘要英文翻译
毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。
论文英文摘要常用句型
学论文英文摘要常用句型英文摘要一般须以第三人称、过去式叙述。
用词准确，逻辑性强，结构严谨。
结果和结论一般用句子表达；而目的、方法（设计、地点和对象）等，则常用短语表达。
（1）英文摘要的时态与语态1)说明研究目的，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
2)说明方法和结果，一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。
3）结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达，也可用主动语态表达。
（2）常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态①This paper(article，report)describes…本文叙述…②This paper (article)reports…本文报告…③This report(paper，article)presents…本文介绍…④This paper(article，report)discusses…本文讨论…常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。
B 第一人称主动态⑤We report(on)…我们报告…⑥We describe a case of…我们描述1例…⑦In this paper，we present…本文介绍…⑧In this paper，we report…本文报告…主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。
C 一般现在时被动语态⑨A case is reported in which…本文报告1例…⑩A study of…is reported本文报告…的研究⑧…is(are)described．本文描述…⑥In this paper．…is(are)presented．本文介绍…2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态①The purpose（aim，objective）of this study was to…本研究旨在…②The goal（aim）of this investigation was to…本研究旨在…③This study was designed to…本研究旨在…④This study was undertaken to…本研究旨在…⑤This prospective study was performed to…本前瞻性研究的目的是…⑥A study to…was carried out(during) (在…期间)所作研究的目的是…⑦An attempt has been made to…为了…而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate，report，investigate，study，analyze…C 一般过去时、主动语态⑧We（the authors）conducted a study to…为了…我们进行了研究⑨To determine…，we studied…为了确定…，我们研究了…⑩In an attempt to…，in an effort to…或in order to…，we carried out a pilot study…为了…，我们进行了…的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。
论文英语摘要翻译
论文英语摘要翻译论文英语摘要翻译论文摘要要翻译成英语，怎么翻译比较好?一起来看看如何用英语翻译论文摘要吧。
论文摘要翻译的步骤步骤一：题名翻译论文标题(title)是论文的总纲，是能反应论文最重要的特定内容的最恰当、最简明的词语的逻辑组合。
1. 题名常见句型一般用名词性短语(词组式)，不能用不定式或完整句式。
基本句型为：Research of ...(对于XXX的研究);Study on...(基于XXX的研究);Design of...(关于XXX的设计);Research and Application of...(XXX的研究与运用)2. 基本要求为准确论文标题的英译必须准确到位，避免漏译;简洁：没有实际内容的汉语字词可不必译出(如：关于乔治斯坦纳阐释学四步骤的研究，可不将“关于”翻译出来，直接翻译成“Research of/ Study on...”即可。
);清楚标题翻译中一般不用缩略词或化学公式，但可用共知的一些常用缩写，如：DNA/MTI/CAT等，以便读者了解，并不使二次检索时产生歧义。
格式：标题中所有实词的首字母大写，虚词等小写，五个字以上的虚词的首字母(如before, between等)大写。
步骤二：摘要主题翻译1. 摘要： Abstract(第一行居中)2. 语言结构：语态：一般为被动语态(The research is consisted with five parts...“本论文包括五个部分”。
);时态：一般来说，目的用将来时(The purpose of the research is to...)方法和结果用过去时(The research method was.../It was showed that...)结论用一般现在时(The research shows that...)。
步骤三：关键词Key words(“Key”的首字母大写，其余全部小写)。
英译关键词时，词与词之间的标点也由“;”改成“,”。
英文摘要常见句型
英文摘要常见句型1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on ...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of ...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...摘要题型写作要点：① 动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。
摘要及百度翻译
摘要目的：建立杜仲炮制工艺的质量标准，研究盐炙前后杜仲中化学成分组群的变化特征，结合血清药物化学及体内代谢动力学阐明杜仲盐炙入肾的炮制机理。
方法：采用UV、HPLC等分析方法建立盐制杜仲主要化学部位总含量，分析炮制过程对杜仲化学成分群组成结构的影响；在此基础上，结合血清药物化学的研究方法，考察盐制杜仲在肾阳虚证模型大鼠的时空动态HPLC血清指纹图谱，在肾阳虚证模型大鼠肾组织的分布特征；测定血清中血清皮质醇、睾酮、雌二醇、环磷酸腺苷、环磷酸鸟苷、17-羟类固醇随时间变化情况。
结果：（1）分别以芦丁、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、谷氨酸、D-葡萄糖为对照品，采用紫外分光光度法测定杜仲盐炙前后的总黄酮、总木脂素、氨基酸和多糖的含量，数据显示生品总黄酮的含量为 2.76%，制品总黄酮含量为2.31%，炮制后含量明显下降（p< 0.05）;生品总木质素的含量为10.59%，制品总木脂素的含量为9.51%，炮制后含量明显下降（p< 0.05）;生品氨基酸的含量为0.09%，制品氨基酸含量为0.12%，炮制后含量明显上升（p< 0.05）;生品多糖的含量为0.26%，制品多糖的含量为0.36%，炮制后含量明显上升（p< 0.05）。
（2）分别以京尼平酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷为对照品，米用高效液相色谱法测定杜仲生品、盐炙品中京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、京尼平苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷的含量，数据分析显示，京尼平苷酸生品含量为0.38%，制品含量为0.19%，炮制后含量明显下降（p< 0.05）;绿原酸生品含量0.37%，为制品含量为0.29%，炮制后含量明显下降（p< 0.05）;京尼平苷生品含量为0.24%，制品含量为0.20%，炮制后含量明显下降；松脂醇二葡萄糖苷生品含量为0.24%，制品含量为0.18%，炮制后含量明显下降。
（3）以氢化可的松造成肾阳虚模型，将杜仲生品及盐炙品灌胃给药，观察给药前后负重游泳时间、各脏器指数、血清中睾酮、雌二醇、环磷酸腺苷、环磷酸鸟苷、皮质醇和17-羟类固醇的变化，数据显示对于氢化可的松所致肾阳虚模型，模型与空白组比较有显著性差异（p< 0.01）;盐炙杜仲与生品杜仲比较有显著性差异（p< 0.05），给药组与模型组有显著性差异（p < 0.05）;空白组与给药组无明显差异。
论文英文摘要翻译
论文英文摘要翻译AbstractThe rapid development of technology has greatly affected various industries, including the education sector. E-learning, as a form of remote education, has gained popularity in recent years. This paper aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation.To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted to identify the relevant research on e-learning and its effects. The findings show that e-learning has positive effects on students' learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge acquisition and self-directed learning skills. E-learning provides a flexible learning environment, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere. This convenience enhances students' motivation and engagement in learning activities.However, the effectiveness of e-learning depends on various factors. The quality of the e-learning platform and instructional design plays a crucial role in engaging students and promoting effective learning. In addition, the role of teachers in facilitating e-learning is also important. Teachers' guidance and support are essential in helping students navigate the online learning platform and clarify any doubts.Moreover, the digital divide is a significant challenge in implementing e-learning. Not all students have access to reliable internet connection and necessary technological devices. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge the digital divide to ensure equalopportunities in e-learning.Furthermore, challenges such as limited social interaction and a lack of personalized feedback in e-learning need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to incorporate interactive features and provide timely feedback to promote effective learning and address students' individual needs.In conclusion, e-learning has the potential to positively impact students' learning outcomes and motivation. However, it is crucial to address challenges related to technological infrastructure, instructional design, and teacher support to maximize the benefits of e-learning. Future research should focus on exploring effective strategies for integrating e-learning into traditional educational settings to create a blended learning approach.Keywords: e-learning, learning outcomes, motivation, instructional design, teacher support。
英文摘要的译写方法
标题翻译必须注意的问题
3．标题力求简洁 译标题时删除多余的词， 例如汉语标题常用“试论”、“初报”、“体 会”、“浅谈”等词表示作者的谦逊和科学上 留有余地，在英语标题中可以略去不译。此外， 以短语代替句子、省略冠词、使用缩略语等， 也是求得标题简单的方法。
e.g. 论农产品多样性与农业可持续发展 On Agro-product Diversity and Agricultural Sustainable Development
标题中词组的译法
其它
评价 evaluation of 价值 value of 意义 significance of 比较 comparison between 调查 survey of 进展 advances in 新进展 recent advances in; recent progress in 回顾与展望 a review and prospect of 问题 problem(s)
摘要(Abstract)
摘要的结构和常用句型
一篇完整的摘要一般是由主题句、展开句和结 束句组成。 主题句(topic sentence)
论文摘要的第一个句子为主题句。在一般的情况下 应采用开门见山的方法直接概括论文的基本内容。 主题句要具体、确切、鲜明；避免空泛、笼统、抽 象。主题句不可只是重复标题的内容，而应当比标 题更充实，更具体，更全面地概括原文。 主 题 句 型 多 用第三 人称 ，自 称 The author 或 This paper；也可用第一人称We.
主题句之后通常有几个简短的句子，使摘要的内容展 开，进一步阐述主题句的内容，概括出文章的主要事 实和论点。 This thesis contains four parts: (1)…(2)…(3)…(4)… The paper is divided into the following topics: (1)…(2)…(3)…(4)… This study has three feature: the first…, secondly … This paper is divided into three parts; part I deals with… part II contains…in part III we have discussed… This article begins with a study of …, nest are described…, then comes a detailed outline of …, and
5.英文摘要的写法
Example 3 范例3 -指示性摘要
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及其被动语 态
This section highlights early electronics milestones that have made significant contributions to aerospace and defense. Today everyone thinks digital, whereas more than 50% of electronic advances since technology founding 50 years ago were in the analog or continuous domain. It is too easy to forget that before the 1970s and 1980s analog systems had been the norm.
thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth
analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often
used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper‘s
purpose.
abstract 摘要 discipline 学科 ascertain 确定，弄清
article 期刊论文 thesis （学位）论文 review 评论
conference proceeding
会议论文集
摘要是对研究性论文、学位论文、学术评论、会议论文或任 何特定领域和学科分析研究的一种简略的概述，并经常被用 来使读者能够快速了解文章的意图。
摘要英文翻译
In recent years, China has a great glasses industry development, but in the 2008 global financial crisis erupted after, also face unprecedented challenges. Whether glasses production enterprise or circulation are encountered many difficulties, glasses production enterprise's export orders fell sharply, our products are sold to the increasingly fierce competition; Wholesale enterprise r slow, and exchange return ratio of shop goods increased, the backlog capital and physical stock, cause wholesalers have joined glasses retail; Glasses retail sales enterprise encounter a foreign-capital enterprise keep coming, high-end competition continuously upgrade, low discount is also very popular, the national glasses supermarket train also bloom the great river north and south, China glasses industry has many problems to be solved. And small and medium-sized optician's jagged springing up also competes in the domestic marketprofessionally. The author believes that, the industry to strengthen our glasses industry for our competition, it is thedevelopment of glasses with role in promoting industry. However,how to develop and operating small and medium-sized optician's, how in the fierce competition in the current environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the industry competition to have a place in the medium, how to establish and perfect the glassesmanagement system of the retail enterprises with the team. Is small and medium-sized optician's vast domestic problems need to be solved. This paper will put forward some problem) above their views to analyze and to give some bad advice.Keywords glasses retail management team construction of small and medium-sized optician's。
英语摘要十大万能模板
由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as is illustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，作者强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
英文摘要常用短语（优秀范文五篇）
英文摘要常用短语（优秀范文五篇）第一篇：英文摘要常用短语英文摘要常用短语1.由。
合成了…………was synthesised from。
……has been synthesised starting from the。
in +steps and inoverall yield.2.考察了。
对****反应的影响The effect of。
on****was(were)examined.3.最佳反应条件为：The optimium reaction condition were(found)as follow:反应时间reaction time温度temperature真空度vacuum dree4.以。
为催化剂With。
as catalyst.5.收率高达？%The reaction yield was up to ？%6.产物结构经红外光谱证实。
The structure of product was ident ified by IR….The product was charavterized by IR and 1H NMR.7.。
and ……的关系曲线Relation Curve betweenand8.。
对…..的影响Effect of。
on….第二篇：优秀英文短语先进的词汇1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译 let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national现译 draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作cultural and art work;work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture;socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。
英文摘要写作技巧四种固定句型
4、检测句
在A样本中对B参数的检测，可套用： “Detection of B parameter in A sample”。 例如，在抽动障碍儿童中对A蔟溶血性链球菌抗 体的测定，可译作： “Detection of group A streptococcal antibody in childre n with tic disorders”。
3、相关句
在C组中A参数与B参数之间有显著正相关、负相关或无 相关，可套用：“There was a significantly positive or negative correlation between parameter A and parameter B in group C”。
例如，在38例精神分裂症病人中脑脊液多巴胺水平与5 羟色胺水平之间有显著正相关，译作There was a significantly positive correlation between CSF Dopamine level and CSF 5-hydroxytryptamine level in 38 patients with schizophrenia”。
分析: ① 词语搭配不当：effect 应与on 连用; ② 选词不当：轻病区用mild 一词。
修改为: Effects of different iodine content in salt on the children in severe and mild iodine deficiency areas in Guizhou , China
二、英文摘要
1、目的（Objective)
在目的中，因为是反映将要做什么，故用不定式。格式为 “探索（调查或研究）+文题”
英语摘要翻译13篇
1.为了研究电网电压跌落对永磁同步电机风电系统的影响,进行了实验室实验并构建永磁直驱风电系统的仿真模型,分别对永磁同步发电机和变流器进行控制,分析当电网电压跌落30% (2 s)、跌落50% (0. 5s)以及跌落85% (0. 2 s)三种情况时电机和变流器的运行情况。
实验结果和MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink仿真结果表明,永磁同步发电机转速跟踪很好;发电机侧输出电流近似正弦;在电网电压跌落的同时还能对电网提供一定的无功支持,直驱式永磁同步电机风电系统具有较强的低电压穿越能力。
In order to study the influence of grid voltages dip on permanent magnet synchronous motor of wind power system, laboratory experiments and simulation system of direct-driven permanent wind power system were carried out, which were to control the permanent-magnet synchronous generator, commentator motor and analysis three operation conditions when grid voltages dip by 30% (2 seconds), 50% (0. 5 seconds) and 85% (0. 2 seconds). The result of experiment and simulinked by MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink indicated that permanent-magnet synchronous generator speed tracked well current output from the generator-side approximated sinusoidal When the grid voltages dip, it could provide some of reactive power supporting. The direct-driven permanent-magnet synchronous generator of wind power system had a strong low-voltage penetration capability.2.风机变流器是风电机组实现低电压穿越的关键部件，其控制性能的提升有利于提高风电机组的低电压穿越能力。
论文摘要翻译
论文摘要翻译篇一：五篇论文摘要翻译一电子负载由于其诸多优点，现已替代传统负载广泛应用于电源类产品测试环节。
从程控直流电子负载的整体设计方案入手，采用STM32F103VCT6作为中央控制器，运用多通道AD技术对多路并联的MOSFET上的电压及各支路电流进行实时监测，控制工作在线性状态的MOSFET上的电流，以实现电子负载的恒流、恒压、恒功率和恒电阻4个功能。
详细研究了MOSFET寄生电容引起的自激振荡及消除方法以及PI调节器、滤波器的设计，提出了一种提高多路MOSFET并联的电子负载的稳定性的方法。
针对所提出的电子负载设计方案制作了实验样机，并对其进行了测试、分析和再优化。
Electronic load due to its many advantages, it has been replacing traditional load test is widely used in power supply products. From the overall design scheme of program-controlled dc electronic load, using STM32F103VCT6 as central controller, using multi-channel AD technology of multichannel parallel voltage of MOSFET and each branch circuit for real-time monitoring, control on the linear state of the MOSFET current work, in order to realize the electronic load constant current, constant voltage, constant power and constant resistance four functions. Detailed study of the self-excited oscillation caused by MOSFET parasitic capacitance and eliminating method and the design of PI regulator, filter, this paper proposes a improved multiplex MOSFET parallel method of the stability of the electronic load. In view of the proposed design of the electronic load produced a prototype, and carries on the test, analysis and optimize.二作者主要针对中学物理实验教学的改革和创新提1/ 1。
摘要翻译成英文
摘要翻译成英文摘要翻译成英文摘要又称概要、内容提要。
摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
那么你知道摘要用英语怎么说吗?下面是摘要的英语说法，供大家参考学习。
摘要的英语说法1：abstract摘要的英语说法2：summary摘要相关英语表达：摘要簿：abstract book信息摘要：Information Abstracts摘要的英语例句：1、First, we have this roundup of the days news.首先来看今天的新闻摘要。
2、The material below is a distillation of his work.下面的材料是他工作的摘要。
3、Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。
4、The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
5、Well be back after the break with a round-up of todays other stories.休息之后我们会摘要报道今天其他的'新闻。
6、Later we received resumes of what she had said.后来我们收到她讲话的摘要.7、Objective Inquiry into the heavy asphyxiation rescuesmeasure of the new born.摘要目的探讨新生儿重度窒息抢救的措施.8、He has abstracted the speech.他对讲话作了摘要.9、He made an abstract of a long article.他对一篇长文章做了摘要.10、I read only this digest of the novel.我只读过该小说的摘要.11、Well also have an election roundup from the streets of New York to the Via Veneto.我们还有从纽约街头到威尼托大街带来的有关选举的新闻摘要。
中文摘要英译基本句型
中文摘要英译基本句型：In this paper, … is discussed / we discuss … from the perspective of ...This paper, applying … to …，is an attempt to …The present study analyzes / introduces…by comparing …The findings show that the problem is worthy to be explored.The stu dy shows that… Thus it is suggested…This article explores … on the basis of …In this paper, … is reviewed / studied …This paper aims to explore /aims at introducing … from the perspective of … based on … in terms of …This paper offers a critique of …, and argues that（本文从批评……入手，指出了……）Taking the approach of a case study, this paper uses …（本文以……为个案进行分析……）This paper argues /analyzes that…and points out…The author attempts to explain, from the angle of pragmatics, … The author also points out…, …accordingly the author puts forward…The paper attempts to find out the reasons why…in term of…, and intends to clarify the fact that…本文试图从……的角度来探讨……的原因,阐明这样一个事实:This paper deals with the concept of… From the angle of … the author examines … and explores…（本文以……为视角，探讨……指出…..）This paper is a systematic introduction to …(本文系统地介绍了……)This article seeks to explain the concept of…from a (philosophical) point of view. It argues…The thesis focuses on /centers on the research of…We find that…This paper is a furth er research on…The research focuses on…With the facts of…, the paper explains…and then points out…In view of….this paper puts forward /advances that… Considering…, this paper also makes a few suggestions on how to…With the aid of …(theories), and from the perspective of… this paper probe into…(本文借助……（理论）……从……入手）This paper makes some theoretical and empirical analyses on…（本文对……进行了一些理论与实证方面的研究）Based upon the analysis of, this paper then continues to … from a variable range of possibilities …, with its emphasis on …This paper, from the point of view of translation, discusses problems concerning the definition of …（文章从翻译的角度探讨了…..）Starting from….this paper discusses…. It first discusses…. It then elaborates…. It concludes that…This paper discusses th e nature of…from various angles. Having explored …the paper not only makes an attempt to…but also puts forward…This paper begins with an introduction … Then, it puts forward the idea of … through the method of detailed analysis, it highlights … Furthermore, the paper employs …APPENDIX IPublic Signs1. Grand Opening2. Sale / Big Sale / Sale Price3. Clearance Price4. Two For the Price of One5. Factory outlet6. Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price7. Satisfaction Guaranteed, Or Money Back.8. It’s No w ; Or Never9. All Sale Are Final; No Refunds10. Admission Free11. Admission by Ticket Only12. Seat by Number13. Inspection Declined14. Round-the-Clock Business/Always Open15. Closed For Stocking-takingClosed Temporarily For Repair16. Instant Service/Repair17. Same Day Service18. No Visitors (谢绝访客)19. Hands Off20. No Bills / Spitting / scribbling / Standing / Parking / Honking / Way Out1. 电梯故障，停止运行2. 非饮用水3. 公共洗手间4. 贵重物品随身携带5. 节约用电6. 禁止携带饮食7. 请循环使用8. 请勿吸烟，谢谢合作9. 严禁吸烟，严禁明火10. 无烟场所11. 吸烟区12. 温馨提示1. 电梯故障，停止运行Elevator Out Order2. 非饮用水Non-Potable Water3. 公共洗手间Public Restroom4. 贵重物品随身携带Take All Valuables With You5. 节约用电Conserve Electricity6. 禁止携带饮食No Food, No Drink Allowed7. 请循环使用Please Recycle8. 请勿吸烟，谢谢合作Thank You For Honoring Our No Smoking Policy9. 严禁吸烟，严禁明火No Smoking, No Open Flames10. 无烟场所This Is A Smoking-Free Facility11. 吸烟区Smoking Permitted In This Area12.禁止拍照录象No Photos Or Video Allowed温馨提示Friendly ReminderAPPENDIX II．八荣八耻1．以热爱祖国为荣，以危害祖国为耻2．以服务人民为荣，以背离人民为耻3．以崇尚科学为荣，以愚昧无知为耻4．以辛勤劳动为荣，以好逸恶劳为耻5．以团结互助为荣，以损人利己为耻6．以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻7．以遵纪守法为荣，以违法乱纪为耻8．以艰苦奋斗为荣，以骄奢淫逸为耻1. Love the motherland, do her no harm.2. Serve the people, never betray them.3. Follow the science, discard fatuity.4. Be diligent, no indolent5. Be united and help each other, make no gains at other’s expense.6. Be honest and trustworthy, do not spend ethics for profits.7. Be disciplined and law-abiding, not chaotic and lawless.8. Live plainly and work hard, do not wallow in luxuries and pleasure.4. 长句的译法1) …if amount involved is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined not less than 5 percent but not more than 30 percent of the amount of foreign exchange fraudulently(具有欺诈性地)purchased.……数额巨大或有其他严重情节的，处5年以上10年以下有期徒刑，并处骗购外汇5%以上30%以下罚金。
写英文摘要常用句型
1.句型归纳扩展1.1 总述文章的论点及研究内容1）This paper is mainly devoted to an automatic frequency tuning system which is one of the most important parts of the buncher.本文主要研究频率自动调谐系统，这是聚束器最重要的组成部分之一。
2）This study investigates/ discusses/ examines/ reviews/ outlines/ presents/ reports/ surveys/ measures the fitting of a class of generalized proportional hazards models, termed linear transformation models, to interval-censored data.本研究调查（探讨、审查、复查、简述、呈现、报道、观察、测量）了一种广义比例风险模型，线性变换模型和区间截断数据的关系。
3）In this paper we focus on the classification of colour texture images.本文中我们着眼于彩色纹理图像的分类。
4）This paper deals with the history of the use of hydrogen as a combustible or shielding gas in welding. 本文研究焊接中使用的氢气作为易燃保护气体的历史。
5）In this paper，mathematical models for calculation and prediction of melting rate in arc welding witha triple-wire electrode are described.本文描述了计算和预测三丝电极弧焊接融化率的数学模型。
科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译
科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译随着科学技术的日新月异，我国在科技领域取得了越来越多的成就，受到更多国际同行的关注。
广大科技工作者也需要向世界展示、介绍所取得的成就和成果。
介绍这些成果的科技类刊物则日益受到世界科技界人士和相关学术机构的重视，如美国的《科学引文索引)(Science Citation Index，简称SCI)、《工程索引》(Engineering Index，简称EI)和英国的《物理文摘》(Physics Abstract，简称PA)等重要的信息情报检索刊物每年都要收录大量的科技刊物的英文摘要。
为了增进国际间的学术交流，对英文摘要编写的标准、格式及质量也有了愈来愈高的要求，这也成为评价科技期刊质量的一项重要指标。
摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”，其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。
原则上说，科技论文的英文摘要应该是用英文直接编写，这样可以用英文的思维方式、行文习惯直接、准确地表达作者的思想。
但是这对许多科技人员来说尚有一定的难度。
因此，有些科技人员通常是采用其应用自如的中文，集中精力解决摘要的结构和实质性内容的概括等方面的问题，写出摘要的中文稿，然后把它译成英文。
但是目前论文作者撰写的中文摘要问题比较多，常见的有摘要形式选取不当、内容不完整、缺少研究目的或试验结论、表达不清楚、语言不顺、格式不规范等，主要原因就是作者对摘要的概念、分类及撰写要求等没有掌握。
a. 摘要的要素摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容：(1)研究目的。
准确描述该研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重要性。
(2)研究方法。
简要说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，所用的仪器及设备，如何分组对照，研究范围和精确程度，数据是如何取得的，经何种统计学方法处理。
(3)结果。
简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。
叙述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性检验的确切值。
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四、摘要常用句型（Sentence Patterns Used in English Abstracts ）论文摘要作为一种比较严肃的文本，在内容的安排上有一定的规律，结构有比较固定的格式。
例如温哥华格式（Vancouver Format ）是撰写医学英语论文摘要的基本格式，撰写其他研究领域的英语论文摘要时也可以参照。
█ Basic Sentence PatternsPart I To state the purpose of the experimentsIt is the purpose of this article toThe primary purpose of this review/investigation is toThe objectives of this study were toThis report is intended toIn this study, an attempt was made toanalyzedexplorestudiedevaluateIn order to , we/the authors performecomparedinvestigatesurveyed in/amongPart ⅡTo state the background of the experimentsWe/The authors have confirmed the previous observation thatIt has been reported thatPrevious studies have shown thathas/have been associated withA few comparisons have been made between and Part Ⅲ To state the methods of the experimentsisolatedwas/were analyzedmeasuredby usinginvestigate by the method of/the use of/was/were ddiagnosedperformedmeasurement of /with thetest/by techniquesUsing , we demonstrated Using , we found thatshowsindicatesA recent Study by X demonstratesprovesprovides information concerningthatPart Ⅳ To state the results of the experimentsIt was found thatfailed to showwas/were significantly associated with/related to/correlated withwas/were in inverse proportion todirectly proportional torelationshiThere was no strong/inverse passociation correlationbetweenandThe results showed/revealed/indicated/presented that detailTh se resultsof are presented.Part V To state the discussion and conclusionWe suggest/believe/conclude/recommend thatWe propose to doresultsOur/These/T he findingsobservationsdataresearchinvestigationsindicate thatdemonstrate thatprove thatsupport thatprovide information concerningIt is suggested/recommended/advisedOn the basis of we conclude thatFrom these results, it is concluded thatRecent research indicates that六、摘要英译（Abstract Translation ）在翻译英文摘要时，有以下几个问题应加以注意。
1 、语态在翻译英文摘要时，一般采用第三人称的被动语态。
采用被动语态可以避免提及有关的执行者，使行文显得客观。
同时，被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地，有利于采用必要的修辞手段，扩大句子的信息量；有利于推出有关的概念、问题、事实和结论等内容。
[例1] 本文提出了一种采用偏微分方程技术求RF 散射问题解的方法。
采用主动语态：This paper presents the method of using partial differential equation techniques for the solution of RF scattering problems.采用被动语态：The method of using partial differential equation techniques for the solutionof RF scattering problems is presented in this paper.采用被动语态描述证实方法的过程，突出事实的客观性。
如：[例2] 对变压器及其周围的八分之一空间进行了电磁场计算：The magnetic field computation was carried out in one octant of the transformer structure and its surrounding space.但是，有时采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更加简练，表达更为直接有力，可以突出动词所表达的内容。
所以经验丰富的科技论文作者写论文时会恰当地使用主动语态。
一般在他们的文章中，25% 的句子采用主动语态。
在下列情况下被动语态常被采用：使用被动语态比使用主动语态更能造出简单的句子；把某个词语当作句子的主语以便强调这个词；描述某种标准化的过程，而过程的执行者又无关紧要时；实验报告中描述实验程序。
2、时态英文科技论文摘要所采用的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时。
由于摘要是以介绍性叙述为主的文体，所以一般现在时是使用最广泛的时态，主要用于陈述性、资料性文摘中。
一般过去时主要用于说明某一项具体项目的开发情况，介绍科学或技术研究项目的资料。
现在完成时说明论文的发展背景、介绍业已结束的研究项目等。
现在，把摘要各部分动词时态的使用规则分述如下：1）在叙述研究目的或主要的研究活动时，如果文章采用“研究导向”（把研究活动当作焦点），则应使用过去式；而如果文章采用“论文导向”（把研究论文本身当作焦点），则应使用现在式。
举例如下：[例3] This article reviews the pertinent biology of these viruses and recent studies of their possible role in systemic lupus erythematosus. （论文导向）This study investigated the distances at which subjects prefer to work inVDU tasks that require frequent gaze-shifting between the VDU screen and a paper document. （研究导向）有的作者采用结构式摘要写法，如：[例4]Object （目的）：To study the incidence of Grave ’s disease and associated factors.Method（方法）：A total of 100123 people aged 15~19 in Daqing region were surveyed epidemiologically. The investigations were conducted for an averagetwo years.Results （结果）：348 patients with Graves ’disease were newly diagnosed, 71 of them （1.6% ）were males and 277 （4.1% ）females.Conclusion （结论）：The study may provide the theoretical evidence for prevention and treatment of Graves ’disease.在结构式摘要中，论文的目的多采用不定式表达；研究的方法和结果一般用过去时表示，这是因为研究工作已经结束；结论一般用现在时或情态动词表示。
2）当论文主要介绍一种模型、算法、分析方法或技术，则应使用现在时来描述研究方法。
如：[例5] A Monte Carlo model is used to calculate the photo election intensity.如果用一个合并的句子来叙述研究目的和研究方法，则有两种写法。
第一种写法是使用句子的主句来表达研究目的，并使用短语来描述研究方法。
在下例中，作者的研究方法用划线部分的短语来表示。
如：[例6] A numerical method for the symmetric matrix eigenvalue program is developed by reducing the problem to a number of matrix-matrix multiplications.第二种写法是使用句子的主句来描述研究方法，而使用位于句首或句尾的短语表达研究目的。
下例划线标明的短语表达了作者的研究目的。
[例7] To study the effect of indentation on program comprehension, programswith three levels of indentation were presented to different groups of subjects.3）概述主要的结果时，通常使用过去时，如：[例8] The scores of subjects who received a program written with moderate indentation were higher than the scores of the other two groups.然而，如果作者认为自己的结果具有普遍有效性，则可能使用现在时，如：[例9] Results indicate that test methods have a significant effect on the test taker ’s scores in reading comprehension.4）在叙述结论或绪言时，常使用以下句型：●Therefore, it can be concluded that●The results of the experiment indicated that●The research we have done suggests that●The investigation carried out by has revealed that●This fruitful work gives explanation of●The author ’s pioneer work has contributed to our present understandingof●These findings of the research have led the author to a conclusion that5）在说明论题的发展背背研究趋势，表示持续到撰写论文时的行为或状态，则应使用现在完成时，如：[ 例10] Previous research has shown that during the work at visual display units （VDUs ）most subjects prefer viewing distance greater than 50 cm.[ 例11] The patients have been followed for 18 to 38 years since the beginningof their disease. Radionuclide examinations provide considerable informationin evaluating patients who have received renal transplants.总之，在翻译科技论文的摘要时，是采用主动语态还是采用被动语态，是采用一般现在时还是采用一般过去时或现在完成时，要看具体的原中文摘要要表达的意思而定，要力求准确、地道地表达原文的意思。