汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案
《英汉翻译入门》练习参考答案
说明:任何一个句子在不同的语境可以有不同的译法，即使同一个语境也允许有不同的措辞，只要能表达出原句的确切意思。
本着这个原则，本书没有提供练习答案。
但是考虑到教师的需要，本人提供了下列参考译文，但绝不是唯一正确的，更不是什么“标准的”译文，只供参考。
同仁们使用中有什么不同意见或疑问，欢迎同我商量。
我的e-mail地址是：*****************.cn陈德彰Key to Exercises on page 20:1. 她（爱）恋着他。
/ 她爱着他。
/ 她爱上了她。
2. 请勿在此/ 此处不得小便/ 倒垃圾。
3. 我也没辙/ 没有办法/ 无能为力。
/ 我控制不住。
4. （不知不觉中/ 没想到这么快）我就来到了小山跟前。
5. 人们要买很多鸟，可是我没有那么多。
6. How can you/he/they say that?It’s (simply) absurd!7. Don’t (you) try to shift the blame on others/somebody else.8. That’s extraordinarily interesting/fascinating/amusing.There is so much fun / It is full of fun.9. He never cares for any possible consequences.Key to Exercises on page 24I. 1. beat (won the game / match.) 2. allow / agree to give her 3. one (not “it”) 4. if they are in poor health 5. anyone of the people 6.with satisfaction /satisfied 7. The story made him sad.II. 1. 这是工会组织的罢工。
新英汉翻译教程-第一二章翻译的过程答案
13 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动1 ：翻译句子（参考译文）
2.My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.
课堂互动2 课堂互动3 课堂互习2
2. 3 认真审校
第二章综合练习及参考译文
----end
第二章
Processes of Translation
翻译的过程
翻译是在正确理解原文的基础上， 用译入语文字创造性地再现原文思想内 容的语言过程。 第一步是理解，第二
例2：Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors.
统一体。
18 返回章重点 退出
例1：He came up to her, his red face, with its bloodshot eyes, thrust forward, and gripped her arms. She cried in fear of him, struggled to be free.
小节结束 12
返回章重点 退出
课堂互动1 ：翻译句子（参考译文）
1. Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States.
【优质】英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华
6. If you do it like that, you'll be completely (gravely / seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong / make a big mistake / make a major blunder / commit a very gross error).
二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。
1. Hand in your exercise-books, please.
2. I can't express myself in English.
3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.
4. Don't overwork yourself.
2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.
5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.
7. turn a deaf ear to
8. burn one's boat
《新英汉翻译教程》第一章课后作业答案
If it worked once, it can work twice⑽一次得手，再次不愁例2:The child has started going on all fours.孩子会爬了1.He has a weakness for smokingB．他有抽烟的癖好。
2．A cat is a cleanly animalB．猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
He is dead，as I liveB．他的确死了。
4．His English leaves nothing to be desiredB．他的英语无可挑剔。
5.I would rather have his room than his companyB．我宁愿他不在。
6.Your loss is nothing to mineA．你的损失与我无关7．The patient is waiting to cross the StyxB．这个病人已经等死了。
8.The headmaster made an example of the boy.B．校长惩罚这个孩子，目的在于警告他人。
9．The Disney management is stressing this tradition in an apparent response to suggestions that is culturally insensitive.B. 迪斯尼管理强调，这一传统显然是有人对迪斯尼管理在文化传统方面麻木不仁的态度所提出的种种建议。
10．The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died.B. 努力保护自己的婚前契约，把财产能传到儿孙手中，这在已退休并丧偶、又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中十分普遍。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation
[点评] ：
(1)译文1中，well-paved确是“铺设得很好的”，可是，一见到well或good
[译就译文成1“]：好铺”，设显得得很语言好贫的乏公。事路实经上过，英一语排里排的这整两洁个的词在，汉现译代时有的很房多屋译法，。 如：a这w些ell房-be屋ha坐ved落gi在rl“树举中止得。体的姑娘”
[译文]: 我们都会想念他的，但我们祝愿他退休后快乐，长寿。 4. He has enough money to burn.
[译文]: 他有花不完的钱。 5. Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
[译文]: 你为什么要引狼入室？
General Introduction to Translation
expression）。
General Introduction to Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
• 这类翻译标准或原则的共同特点是：翻译既要“忠实”又要 “通顺”，即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文的 读者。
• 所谓忠实，首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内 容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏阉 割或任意增删的现象。其次还应保持原作的风格——即原作 的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。 译者对原作的风格不能任意破坏和改变，不能以译者的风格 代替原作的风格。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒（Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814）在《论翻译的原则》（Essay on the Principles of Translation）一书中提出了著名的翻译三 原则：
英译汉教程第一章练习答案
英译汉教程第一章练习答案Examples & Drills 1.3.1Improve or correct the following translations:(1) Poor translation due to inaccurate comprehension:1）This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulties.这对克服困难有很大的帮助。
2）Go it while you are young.趁还年轻就放手去做吧。
3） I could do with more leisure time.我需要更多的空闲时间。
4）This failure was the making of him.这次失败造就了他。
5）I wish peace could be saved at the eleventh hour.我希望在最后时刻可以赢得和平。
6）. She knew a thing or two about it.她对此事有些了解。
7）She is too ready to speak.她很乐意发言。
8）News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.通过无线电传来了某一藏油丰富地区的消息。
9）News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.根据当时的形势他深信将会有一场漫长而艰苦的战争。
10）What are the perspectives of the national liberation movement and the relations between China and the Third World countries?对民族解放运动和中国同第三世界国家关系的看法是什么呢？(2) Poor translation due to inappropriate representation:1）This is a 100-hour reliable engine.这台发动机可以连续运转100个小时，非常可靠。
基础翻译课后答案
I 课内练习答案第一章翻译理论第一节翻译的基本原理课前活动第一句来自自马克吐温《密西西比河上的生活》。
原文是优美的景物描写。
（见“补充文字材料”。
）译文1没有翻译出原文风格；译文2是百度翻译的，完全不通顺。
译文3较好地做到了信达雅。
第二句来自一篇科普文章。
第一个翻译文白间杂，滥用四字成语，不符合原文的语体风格。
第二个较好地做到了“信达切”，但对kingdom的词义选择有误。
第一二句分别属于不同的genre(体裁)，这就意味两个文本的语体风格不同：第一个语篇为散文语体，第二个语篇为说明文，因此属于不同的register(语域，指因使用场合、对象、领域等不同有不同的语体；语言的具体变体),而语域的不同决定了语言词汇范围选择不同。
散文体使用优美的文字和四字描写成语比较多，而说明文体的语言要求文字严谨、准确、易懂。
通过分析两个源语文本的文体风格，两个语篇的翻译选项谁优谁劣就不难做出选择了。
第三句来自Thomas Henry Huxley 的Evolution and Ethics, 译文1来自2010年的版本《进化论与伦理学》（宋启林等译），译文2来自1896年严复的版本《天演论》。
由于历史的原因，两个版本不存在孰优孰劣。
老师可以借讨论最后一个例子引入严复“信达雅”的翻译标准，并鼓励学生各抒己见。
思考与练习1.翻译的定义五花八门，对它们的归类可以因角度而异。
根据你的阅读积累和思考，对翻译定义还可以如何进行分类？答：翻译定义可以因为翻译的视角、翻译的目的、翻译所涉的领域不同而不同；也可以因为翻译时代的不同而不同以及翻译的诉求不同而不同。
例如，有基于语言层面的定义、超越语言层面的、有交际理论层面的还有艺术层面的等等。
2.请你介绍一两个令你印象最为深刻的翻译定义。
答：美国当代语言学家以翻译理论家和实践家尤金.A.奈达的著名翻译论断：Translation means translating meaning. 这个定义既简练又不简单。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。
2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。
3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。
⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。
2016-2017-1基础英语1 翻译练习参考答案
Unit 1词汇部分1.They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2.Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese peoplewill have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3.It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many seriousproblems.4.He loves to show off his wealth, but that is all in vain. People still avoid him asthough he were poison.5.He soon fell in love with the village and was determined to make it a beautifulgarden together with other villagers.6.We must spend more money fighting against global warming. In addition, wemust resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money.7.When the police arrived at the school, the students and teachers were still in adaze.8.This corrupt official was still clinging to his power. He refused to step aside.9.When the man finally came into view, I found it was my father. I didn’t knowhow he managed to find this place in the blinding snow. At that moment, I burst into tears.10.She glanced at him from time to time. It was the first time in her life that she hadfound herself looking at a young man like that.语法部分1.Before I came to/entered college, I had never thought life at college would be sorich and interesting.2.Most of the Chinese college students born in the 1990s are the only child of theirfamilies.3.All those who know him admire him for his work.4.I miss ed the class because I didn’t know it had moved up to Thursday.5.In some countries, those who are overweight will be punished one way oranother.6.Soon after the fire, those who had lost their homes were taken to a place of safety.7.When we met again, we found we both had changed a lot.8. A team of experts headed by Professor Li will soon come and help farmers solvetheir problems.9.The field planted with tomatoes used to be wasteland.10.Our teacher told us to read books written by such masters as Mao Dun and BaJin.Unit 2词汇部分1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident.2.We looked around. There wasn’t a building standing in sight. The earthquakeseemed to have destroyed everything.3.---He seems to be in low spirits these days. I wonder why.---I think it’s because he doesn’t seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates.4.---What are you looking for, Dick?---I seem to have lost my key. How annoying?5.If you find a word that doesn’t seem to make any sense in the sentence, youshould look it up in the dictionary. That’s the only way to learn to use a word.6.They went on arguing for hours. Neither was willing to listen to the other. Isuddenly remembered someone saying: “Discussi on is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance.”7.The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promisedto look into it.8.My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody tolook after him9.Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to becoming to an end. World economy is looking up.10.When I got well I looked at my bank account. To my sadness, I found my balancewas almost zero. All my savings in the past three years were gone.语法部分1.You ought to try a different method.2.I think you ought to talk with our writing teacher about it.3.We ought to report the theft to the police immediately.4.You ought to go and see your parents more often now that they are not in goodhealth.5.You shouldn’t have shouted at the elders like that.6.You shouldn't’ have been late for such an important meeting.7.Isn’t Jim your friend? You shouldn’t have turned down /rejected his offer to help.8.As a college student, you shouldn’t have spent a ll you free time playing computergames.9.If I failed this time, I would try for the second time.10.If global warming continued, these islands would disappear.11.If I had a million yuan, I would buy my parents an apartment.12.If I were elected president of the st udents’ union, I might organize a pianocompetition.Unit 3词汇部分1.Zhu Yingtai had to (was forced to) obey her father and marry the young master ofthe rich Ma family although she was extremely unwilling. She was heartbroken.2.The man had never seen such a l arge note. He said, “It looks good, feels good,and it is good!”3.Leaves had turned/got/gone/become yellow, red and purple. It really lookedheavenly (beautiful like heaven).4.As she grew older, she began to feel tired easily.5.What he said sounded very convincing, but reasons that sound good do notalways mean good sound reasons. There is a big difference between the two.6.He likes to talk. He can never keep quiet, and what he says often proves (turnsout to be) incorrect.7.He got wounded in battle, lost a lot of blood, and became vary weak. His leadersordered him to stay in the hospital until he was completely recovered (healed). 8.They thought they could slip through our fingers. They were wrong. Theycouldn’t get away with what they had done.9.During the Long March, the Red Army had to get across the Dadu River, throughthe grassland and over the snow-covered mountains.10.Are you used to the life there? How do you get along with your classmates? Canyou get by with the money we send you? (Is the money we send you enough for you?)语法部分1.If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.2.Your father would have forgiven you if you had told him the truth.3.If it hadn’t snowed heavily, I would have taken you along to yesterday’s party.4.If there had been more rain in spring, the harvest would have been much better.5.If they hadn’t learned a lesson from their failure, they wouldn’t have achieved somuch.6.If my family hadn’t supported me, I wouldn’t have taken part in this contest.7.Many people think that China’s Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of theancient world.8.As so often happens, misfortunes/ troubles never come singly/ alone.9.As is often the case with many first-year college students, Jim finds it hard toadapt to the life at college.10.As is reported, the president will visit five African countries next month.Unit 4词汇部分1.Don’t let them take it for granted that we will accept their conditions/ terms. Weare no fools, and we won’t be so easily taken in.2.It took us only three years to double the income of our villagers.3.If they do not take back their remarks and apologize, I am going to raise the devilwith them.4.The problem we raised is complicated. Many things have to be taken intoconsideration. But we have to take our chances.5.The boy takes after his Dad. He is full of curiosity. Give him a toy, and he willimmediately take it apart.6.You must make sure that they take you to the manager. Tell them that it’s veryimportant and may affect our investment plan, and therefore you must see him inperson.7.They told the passengers that the sky had cleared up and the plane was about totake off in half an hour.8.I suggest you go and check if the man you have arrested fits the descriptions ofthe wanted man.9.Do you mean that it will affect the relationship of our two countries if we takethis step?语法部分1.As the final exams are coming nearer, students have stopped playing computergames, and they are busy preparing for them.2.As time goes by, it becomes easier to forgive and forget.3.The couple listened carefully as their daughter told them about her first day atschool.4.As we approached the 21st century, we keenly felt the need for understanding andcooperation between nations.5.As he is learned as well as humorous, Professor Yan is very popular with isstudents.6.As many important people will go to the party, the couple think they should beseen there, too.7.Three subway lines are being built in the city.8.Shakespeare’s works have been translated into many languages and read all overthe world.9.Almost half of the crops in the area have been destroyed in the rainstorm.10.If you were asked to list ten people you admire, who would you name?11.What would you do if you saw a stranger being bullied?12.Their friendship is based on shared dreams and interests.Unit 5词汇部分1.This is a wonderful opportunity. You would be foolish to let it slip by.pared with last year, our exports have increased by 20%. (… are up by 20%...have gone up by 20%)3.For want of a better word, let’s call it “backdoorism”.4.This young man is fond of fixing things. He is something of a Jack of all trades.pared to their parents’ generation, young people today consider them to be amore practical generation.6.His face went/ turned blue with anger. He was determined to nip the mass protestin the bud.7.It is a long story, but I won’t go into the histor y today.8.It took us much more time than we had expected to go through the customs.9.The power went out suddenly, and the whole city was thrown into completedarkness.10.Don’t wait for me. You go ahead. I must go over this document.11.We cannot deny the fact that we have paid dearly for our economic development.12.Had the firemen arrived a bit later, the fire would have spread to the nearby oiltanks.Unit 6词汇部分1.When we reached our destination, we found nothing standing on the groundexcept some rocks scattered here and there. Nobody would be able to recognize it as part of the city wall a thousand years ago.2.Today, most people have got a new perspective. They no longer accept the viewthat mainly GDP marks the happiness of a nation.3.Let’s agree to disagree. We at least agree on one thing: we agree not to use force.We agree that we must settle our disputes peacefully.4.Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in ourcountry. I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them. Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formation in all those different shapes.5.I can assure you. She is a very agreeable person. I have never seen her lose hertemper.6. A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear incourt as witness. I admire his courage.7.College education should see to it that our students are able to do criticalthinking.8.While you are preparing your lessons, you must try your best to see if you canraise some significant questions and give meaningful comments/criticisms.9.Upon careful reflections on this issue, I’ve come to realize that we must makesure that our students not only can make a living, but also know how to live. 10.Once I fixed my bike tire which was leaking. My Dad patted me on the shoulderand teased me saying that I am the family genius and have the makings of a good mechanic. What he said set the whole family laughing.语法部分1.Take a warm jacket with you in case it should suddenly turn cold.2.It’s not safe there, so stay in the hotel at night.3.The two girls spoke so softly that no one else could hear them.4.When you explain the danger of drugs to children, do it so that they canunderstand.5.The whole family worked hard so that they could send one of the children tocollege.6.In winter the school closes early so that the children can get home before dark.7.He was an only child, so he found it difficult to get along with his peers at school.8.The accident happened so long ago that I don’t remember much about it.9.The teacher had just taken the children out of the building when it collapsed.10.It was so dark that the German secret agent didn’t notice there was no balconybelow the window at all.。
【VIP专享】英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
汉英翻译教程
《汉英翻译教程》第一章词的选择词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。
有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。
但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。
例如：还要努力读一点历史和小说。
We should also find time to read some history books and novels.这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。
再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。
1．他的英语水平比我的高。
He knows more English than I.这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。
若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。
2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。
We must work hard to raise to a new height the military and politicalquality of our army…….这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。
3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。
Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。
因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。
（一）注意词的广义与狭义英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。
汉英翻译基础教程 冯庆华 一
3. 谚语：
趁热打铁 strike while the iron is hot.
滴水穿石 constant dropping wears the stone.
留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 As long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
汉英翻译基础教程（一） 主编 冯庆华
词法翻译的一般技巧
对等 增词 减词 合并 转性 换形 褒贬
第一节 对等译法
一、“假朋友”问题（false friend） “假朋友”即“看似相同，实则有别”
的假词义相符词语。翻译过程中很多 误译现象往往由“假朋友”所导致。 这里介绍四种类型的“假朋友”：
一、省略表示范畴的词语
治安措施 整顿工作 紧张局势 分配关系 越轨行为 犯罪现象 解决办法 灵活态度
Security Check-up Tension Distribution Irregularities Crime Solution flexibility
第三节 减词译法
在汉英两种语言的翻译过程中，为了让 译文更易于接受，对原文结构做些调整 或增减词语是很必要的。减词译法也叫 省略译法，就是在译文中删去原文一些 可有可无的、或已经包含在上下文中的、 不言自明的成分。与词的增补相反，原 文中有些词语从译文的角度来看往往是 多余的，可以甚至必须删去。
世上无难事只怕有心人 Where there is a will , there is a way.
练习
好家长 好孩子 好妻子 好丈夫 好学生 大风 大雾 大雨
a loving parent an obedient child a virtuous wife A dutiful husband A hardworking student Strong wind Thick fog Heavy rain
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）教材的配套题库（绪论）【圣才出品】
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）教材的配套题库（绪论）【圣才出品】第1章绪论Ⅰ.填空题1.按照⽂本类型来分，翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】⽂学翻译；科技翻译；新闻翻译；应⽤⽂翻译【解析】根据书中所述，⽂本的类型概括起来有⼩说、诗歌、戏剧等⽂学⽂本，科技报告、科技论⽂等科技⽂本，新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻⽂本，⼴告、合同、产品说明书等应⽤⽂本。
2.就翻译⽅式⽽⾔，主要有_____、_____、_____，其中_____是翻译最基本的⽅式。
【答案】全译；摘译；编译；全译【解析】全译，指全⽂翻译，为翻译最基本的⽅式。
摘译，指根据特定⽬的，选取、翻译原⽂的⼀部分，从⽽使译⼊语读者更快地获得所需源语⽂本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3.汉语和英语均具有的语⾔层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词；短语；句⼦；段落；篇章【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题，因为涉及到两种语⾔在什么层级上进⾏转换的问题。
汉英两种语⾔均有的语⾔层级为词（word）、短语（phrase）、句⼦（sentence）、段落（paragraph）和篇章（text）。
其中，篇章是最理想的翻译单位。
4._____是能独⽴运⽤的最⼩语法单位，_____是词与词组合⽽成的语法单位。
【答案】词；短语【解析】需要注意的是，由于汉英两种语⾔分属不同的语系，在语⾔⽂化特别是句法结构和思维模式上的差异⽐较⼤，因此以词或短语为翻译单位⾏不通。
5.对于初学者来说，_____是较为理想的翻译单位。
【答案】句⼦【解析】句⼦可以表达完整的意思，可以通过语调来表⽰陈述、疑问、感叹等语⽓，同时句⼦末段会有显著的停顿符号。
这些使得汉语中的句⼦⽐较容易辨识，容易分析，在翻译时较容易转变句⼦结构，使译⽂符合英⽂的句⼦结构。
因此，对于初学者来说，与词、短语或篇章相⽐，句⼦是更为理想的翻译单位。
冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
5.2课后习题 详解
5.3翻译示例 汇总
5.4考研真题 详解
6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题详解
6.3翻译示例汇总 6.4考研真题详解
7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题详解
7.3翻译示例汇总 7.4考研真题详解
8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题详解
8.3翻译示例汇总 8.4考研真题详解
9.2课后习题详解
18.2课后习 题详解
18.3翻译示 例汇总
18.4考研真 题详解
作者介绍
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，暂无该书作者 的介绍。
读书笔记
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自 己的心得。
目录分析
1.2课后习题详解
1.1复习笔记
1.3翻译示例汇总
2.1复习笔记 2.2课后习题详解
2.3翻译示例汇总 2.4考研真题详解
3.1复习笔记 3.2课后习题详解
3.3翻译示例汇总 3.4考研真题详解
4.1复习笔记
4.2课后习题 详解
4.3翻译示例 汇总
4.4考研真题 详解
5.1复习笔记
精彩摘录
这是《冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自 己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》笔记 和课后习题（含考研真题）详解
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
习题
示例
章节 书
英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】1
《英汉翻译教程》第一章 总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言翻译应当把原文的本意，完全正确的介绍给中国读者，使中国读者得到的概念等于英俄日德法等国的读奈达认为更准确地反映出好的翻译的实际过程是：（１）分析：从语法和语义两方面对原文的信息进行词层不对等的情况 词层不对等采取的策略 对等译法的实例 第二章 词语翻译 相关链接 family的------------------------2009年11月30日阅读 三、修辞引申 “言之无文，行之不远。
”为使译文增色，除了真实地再现原作中包含的内容外We should simplify procedures and take prompt action to import urgently needed technology （ Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges ）。
本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职，而由 George Schu Despite their differences , their love will conquer. 尽管他们之间存在着分歧，他们的恋爱1．运用语境 这种手段主要用于语篇上找不到明显的衔接标记，但从意义上来讲是连贯统一的。
接表达出来的语言活动。
（张培基等 1983） 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥于英俄日德法等国的读者从原文得来的概念。
（瞿秋白：1931） “动态对等”（Dynamic Equivalence）是奈方面对原文的信息进行分析；（２）传译：译者在脑子里把经过分析的信息从原语转译成译语；（３）重新组织：把相关链接 family的译法： 原文：Do you have a family? 译文1：你有家庭吗？ 译文2：你成家了吗？ 辨析：现原作中包含的内容外，还得讲究修辞。
这样，在翻译时，往往因修辞需要而增添一些引申意义。
英译汉教程第一章练习答案
他爱好学习，了解知识，并授之于人。
4） Linda is a good singer and a good dancer, a great actress and a great joker.
琳达不仅是一位优秀的歌唱家和舞蹈家，而且是一位天资卓越的演员和了不起的幽默大师。
就像那位最明智的委员所评论的，他们在锡兰所展示的某些部分有点Potemkin(造作）的味道。
4）The Japanese imperialists tried to make hell while the sun shines.
日本帝国主义企图在光天化日之下制造人间地狱。
5）Not without reason Mr. Dulles was called a bull in the Indo-China shop.
从摩洛哥城堡到波斯湾石油井架的阿拉伯人以及从美国到中国的外交家们都津津有味地拜读他的著作。
8）He was the acting president of the organization of African Unity.
他是非洲统一组织的代理秘书长。
她很乐意发言。
8）News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.
通过无线电传来了某一藏油丰富地区的消息。
9）News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.
这对克服困难有很大的帮助。
2）Go it while you are young.
英汉互译理论与实务课件及其参考答案 第一章第三节翻译的标准和译者的素养
❖ 例如：“……妈妈水氏已故, 别无儿女。” (冯梦龙, 2008: 74))
❖ 译文1： His mother, nee Shui, had died and she had no other children except Qiu Xian.
❖ 译文2：His wife, nee Shui, had died and left him no children.
❖ （3） 具备一定的专门知识和杂学知识 ❖ 傅雷曾说:“.…译事虽近舌人，要以艺术修养为根本；无敏
感之心灵，无热烈之同情，无适当之鉴赏能力，无相当之社 会经验，无充分之常识，势难彻底理解原作，即或理解，亦 未必能深切领悟。”(转引自罗新璋, 1984) ❖ 著名学者吕叔湘1984年在“翻译工作与 ‘杂学’一文中”指出： “上自天文，下自地理，人情风俗，俚语方言，历史上的事 件，小说里的人物，五花八门，无以名之，名之曰 ‘杂学’。” （转引自姜倩等, 2008: 55）
❖ 译文1的译者显然对古汉语知识掌握不够，不懂古汉语的 “妈妈”并不等同于现代汉语的“妈妈”， 而是“妻子”的 意思。理解错了“妈妈”必然会导致“别无儿女”的张冠李 戴。
❖ （2） 一定的文化素养 ❖ “ 对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种
语言更重要，因为词语只是在其作用的文化背景中才有意 义……实际上，文化之间的差异比语言结构上的差异给读者 带来的复杂性更多。” (Nida, 1993:110) ❖ 作为翻译不仅要熟悉两种语言，还要熟悉这两种语言背后的 文化，具有相当的文化素养，从而能体会到中西文化的差异， 才能在译语中得以充分传达，为译语读者所接受。
❖ （4） 高效的学习能力 ❖ 怎样去利用资源，尤其是有效地利用现代技术获取
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
实用汉英翻译教程课后练习题含答案
实用汉英翻译教程课后练习题含答案题目1.把下列句子翻译成英文：a.我们在公园中见面吧。
b.他喜欢看电影和听音乐。
c.这本书对我的帮助很大。
d.明天上午10点，我们在公司会议室开会。
e.他们学校的图书馆每天早上8点开门。
f.他想买一个新电脑去看电影。
2.把下列句子翻译成汉语：a.We should always try our best to do our work well.b.She has been working for the company for five years.c.Could you please show me how to use this machine?d.They are planning to visit China next year.e.I’m sorry, but I don’t understand what you’resaying.f.He is studying French at the university right now. 答案a.Let’s meet in the park.b.He likes watching movies and listening to music.c.This book has been a great help to me.d.We will have a meeting in the company conference room at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.e.The library at their school opens at 8 o’clock every morning.f.He wants to buy a new computer to watch movies.a.我们应该始终尽力把工作做好。
b.她在这家公司工作了五年。
c.请问你能给我演示一下如何使用这台机器吗？d.他们正在计划明年来中国旅游。
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第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一节翻译中的选义
一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a
二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配
1． a swarm of bees
a brood of chickens
a litter of pups
2. a bevy of beautiful ladies
a pack of hounds
a team of ducks
a herd of antelopes
3. unfailing support
proactive fiscal policy
make effective use of overseas resources
4. make a phone call
take a taxi
knit a woolen sweater
fetch water
play basketball
spray insecticide
5. basic wage
capital construction
essential commodity
primary industry
fundamental interest
三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解
1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern
2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.
3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.
4. Everyone complained against such a practice.
5. They had a dispute at the meeting.
6. You should follow the doctor's advice.
7. They reached a consensus on this issue.
8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.
9. We have consulted him about the matter.
10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now
第二节翻译中的选词
一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
1. That depends upon circumstances.
2. This state of affairs must be changed.
3. How do matters stand with them?
4. He presents all his books to the library
5. A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education.
6. The committee consists of 15 members.
7. Air is made up of a mixture of gases.
8. Go in for rigorous training and set strict³ömand.
二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。
1．set sail
2. open quotation
3. the beginning of spring
4. go into operation
5．be taken in
6. make progress
7. distinguished guests
8. be on duty
三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。
1. It rained cats and dogs (hard / heavily) three days on end (in succession / running).
2. He likes talking big (talking large / talking horse /talking tall)/ he likes saying big words (large words) .
3. They are giving the classroom a good (general / spring / through) clean(ing).
4. A person like him is by no means (in no way / on no account / never / not absolutely) rare.
5. We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.
6. If you do it like that, you'll be completely (gravely / seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong / make a big mistake / make a major blunder / commit a very gross error).
第三节翻译中的多样性
一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。
1."It sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind,” Second Sister chuckled, "How would
it be if we were to betroth you to him?"
2. Through clenched teeth he added, ...
3. "She bore me no grudge," replied Xifeng. "It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with rage just before she died. "
4. But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. "If she's dead," she retorted, "What's
all the fuss about?"
二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。
1. The more you get, the more you want.
2. It’s only natural for man to hanker for more.
3. Goodness knows what they're being so secretive about.
4. She's been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what she's up to.
5. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?
6. Anything will do; don't fuss.
7. Our grandma is ill; don't kick up such a shindy.(口语：吵架。
争吵，打架)
8. When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered isn't worth making such a fuss about.”。