chapter1作业答案
数值分析报告上机题课后作业全部-东南大学
实用标准文案文档大全上机作业题报告2015.1.9 USER1.Chapter 11.1题目设S N =∑1j 2−1N j=2，其精确值为)11123(21+--N N 。
（1）编制按从大到小的顺序11131121222-+⋯⋯+-+-=N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。
（2）编制按从小到大的顺序1211)1(111222-+⋯⋯+--+-=N N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。
（3）按两种顺序分别计算64210,10,10S S S ,并指出有效位数。
（编制程序时用单精度） （4）通过本次上机题，你明白了什么？1.2程序1.3运行结果1.4结果分析按从大到小的顺序，有效位数分别为：6，4，3。
按从小到大的顺序，有效位数分别为：5，6，6。
可以看出，不同的算法造成的误差限是不同的，好的算法可以让结果更加精确。
当采用从大到小的顺序累加的算法时，误差限随着N 的增大而增大，可见在累加的过程中，误差在放大，造成结果的误差较大。
因此，采取从小到大的顺序累加得到的结果更加精确。
2.Chapter 22.1题目（1）给定初值0x 及容许误差ε，编制牛顿法解方程f(x)=0的通用程序。
（2）给定方程03)(3=-=x xx f ,易知其有三个根3,0,3321=*=*-=*x x x○1由牛顿方法的局部收敛性可知存在,0>δ当),(0δδ+-∈x 时，Newton 迭代序列收敛于根x2*。
试确定尽可能大的δ。
○2试取若干初始值，观察当),1(),1,(),,(),,1(),1,(0+∞+-----∞∈δδδδx 时Newton 序列的收敛性以及收敛于哪一个根。
（3）通过本上机题，你明白了什么？2.2程序2.3运行结果（1）寻找最大的δ值。
算法为：将初值x0在从0开始不断累加搜索精度eps，带入Newton迭代公式，直到求得的根不再收敛于0为止，此时的x0值即为最大的sigma值。
运行Find.m，得到在不同的搜索精度下的最大sigma值。
离散数学 课件 the_whole_exercises_from_chapter_1_to_chapter_4-discrete_mathematics
《离散数学》布置的课后作业习题解答作者：黄海平第一次布置的作业：P8 1-1,1-2习题(1) 指出下列语句哪些是命题，哪些不是命题，如果是命题，指出它的真值。
a) 离散数学是计算机科学系的一门必修课。
命题，Tb) 计算机有空吗？ 不是命题c) 明天我去看电影。
命题，根据主体情况可能为T 或者F d) 请勿随地吐痰！ 不是命题e) 不存在最大质数。
命题，Tf) 如果我掌握了英语、法语，那么学习其它欧洲语言就容易得多。
命题，Tg) 9+5≤12 命题，Fh) x=3 不是命题i) 我们要努力学习。
不是命题，是陈述句，但是没有真假值(3) 设P 表示命题“天下雪”，Q 表示命题“我将去镇上”，R 表示命题“我有时间”，以符号形式写出下列命题。
a) 如果天不下雪和我有时间，那么我将去镇上。
()P R Q ⌝∧→b) 我将去镇上，仅当我有时间时。
Q R →c) 天不下雪。
P ⌝d) 天下雪，那么我不去镇上。
P Q →⌝(5) 将下列命题符号化。
a) 小李一边看书，一边听音乐。
P: 小李看书。
Q: 小李听音乐。
P Q ∧d) 如果a 和b 是偶数，则a+b 是偶数。
写法一： P: a 和b 是偶数。
Q: a+b 是偶数。
P Q →写法二： P: a 是偶数。
Q: b 是偶数。
R: a+b 是偶数。
P Q R ∧→f) 停机的原因在于语法错误或程序错误。
P: 停机。
Q: 语法错误。
R: 程序错误。
P Q R ∨P12 1-3习题(5) 试把原子命题表示为P 、Q 、R 等，然后用符号译出下列各句子。
a) 或者你没有给我写信，或者它在途中丢失了。
P: 你给我写信。
Q: 信在途中丢失了。
P Q ⌝∨ 或者 ()P R ⌝⌝d) 如果你来了，那末他唱不唱歌将看你是否伴奏而定。
P: 你来了。
Q: 他唱歌。
R: 你伴奏。
()P R Q →(7) 用符号形式写出下列命题。
语言学作业 第一章
语言学作业班级：姓名：Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsI. Please illustrate the following terms.1. Arbitrariness:The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.The different levels of arbitrariness:(1) Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words(2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.(3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.2. DualityThe property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. Phatic communionPhatic communion refers to the social interaction of language.4. Synchronic linguistics:A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.II. Please distinguish the following terms:1. Langue vs. ParoleLangue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, that is, the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual, and it is the linguist’s proper object;Parole refers to the realization of langue, the immediately accessible data. While parole constitutes the immediately accessible data, and it is a mass of confused facts, so it is not suitable for systematic investigation..(1) Langue is abstract, while parole is specific to the situation in which it occurs.(2) Langue is not actually spoken by anyone, while parole is always a naturally occurring event.(3) Langue is relatively stable, systematic and social, while parole is subject to personal, individual and situational constraints.(4) Langue is essential while parole is accessory and accidental.2. Descriptive vs. PrescriptiveThe distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are.Traditional grammar was very strongly normative in grammarians tried to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all. That is prescriptive.These attitudes are still with us, though people realize nowadays the facts of usage count more than the authority-made “standards”. Thenature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescription.3. Synchronic vs. DiachronicSynchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.Actually synchrony is a fiction since any language is changing as the minutes pass.Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.4. Competence vs. PerformanceAccording to Chomsky:A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence.Performance refers to the actual use of language or the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances in concrete situations.A speaker’s competence is stable while his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors, so a speaker’s performance does not always or equal his supposed competence.He believes that linguists ought to study competence rather than performance.5. Langue vs. CompetenceAccording to Chomsky:Langue is a social product, a systematic inventory of rules of the language, a set of conventions for a speech community.Competence is defined from the psychological point of view, is deemedas a property of the mind of each individuals, or underlying competence as a system of generative processes.According to Hymes:He approaches language from a socio-cultural viewpoint with the aim of studying the varieties of ways of speaking on the part of individual and the community.He extended notion of competence, restricted by Chomsky to a knowledge of grammar, to incorporate the pragmatic ability for language use. This extended idea of competence can be called communicative competence.III. Answer the following questions in brief:1. The following are some book titles of linguistics. Can you judge thesynchronic or diachronic orientation just from the titles1) English Examined: Two Centuries of Comment on the Mother Tongue2) Protean Shape: A Study in Eighteenth-century Vocabulary and Usage3) Pejorative Sense Development in English4) The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation5) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular 1) diachronic 2）synchronic 3）diachronic 4）synchronic5）We can’t judge whether it is synchronic or diachronic orientation just from the titles.2. What is language What is linguisticsLanguage can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication and interaction.Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. The aims of linguistic theory: 1) what is knowledge of language (Competence) 2) howis knowledge of language acquired (Acquisition) 3) how is knowledge of language put to use (Performance/language processing). Main branches of linguistics:Phonetics, Phonology Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics.3. How do you understand performative function of languageThe performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons or the situations of events, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies.The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized.The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions.For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an as a means of controlling the invisible forces which the believers feel might affect their lives adversely.IV. Discuss the following question in detail.How do you interpret the viewpoint that “arbitrariness is a matter of degree”1)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words:The dog barks bow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese.2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.He came in and sat down.He sat down and came in.He sat down after he came in.3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentiallycreative.Conventionality of language makes learning a languagelaborious.Chapter 2 Speech SoundsI. Complete the following statements.1. Human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events andconcepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as __________.2. The sound [p] can be described with “voiced, __________, stop.”3. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phoneticallydifferent but do not make one word different from another in meaning,, are_________.4. Both semantics and ________ investigate linguistic meaning, but theyfocus on different aspects.5. If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct useof language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is ___________ linguistics.6. Phones that fall into allophones of a phoneme have to satisfy twoconditions, one is they are ___________________, and another is that they should be in _____________________.7. The vowel ________ is high front tense unrounded.8. A dog cannot tell people that its master will be home in a few days,because its language does not have the feature of ___________.9. Computational linguistics often refers to the problems of________________, information retrieval, and ______________.10. Halliday proposed a theory of metafunctions of language, that is,language has ___________, ____________ and _____________ functions. II. Define the following terms.1. Manner of articulation:2. Distinctive features:3. Intonation:4. Assimilation:III. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Specify the difference between each pair of sounds using distinctivefeatures.1) [l] [ł] 2) [p h] [p] 3) [b] [d] 4) [k] [g] 5) [I][u]2. Work out the features of the following sounds.1) [t h] ________________________________________2) [w] ________________________________________3) [v] ________________________________________4) [ð] _________________________________________5) [l] __________________________________________3. In some dialects of English the following words have different vowels,as shown by the phonetic transcription. Based on these data, answer the questions that follow.A B. Cbite [bʌit] bide [ba i d] tie [ta i]rice [rʌis] rise [ra i z] by [ba i]type [tʌip] bribe [b r aib] sigh [s a i]wife [wʌif] wives [wa i vz] die [d a i]tyke [tʌik] time [ta i m] why [wa i]1) What is the difference of the sounds that end the words in columnsA and B2) How do the words in column C differ from those in column A and B3) Are [ʌi] and [a i] in complementary distribution Give your reasons.4) What are the phonetic transcriptions of (a) life and (b) lives5) What would the phonetic transcriptions of the following words be inthe dialects of English shown in the data(a) trial (b) bike (c) lice(d) fly (e) mine6) State the rule that will relate the phonemic representations to bephonetic transcriptions of the words given above.IV. Discuss the questions in details.1. Illustrate phoneme, phone and allophone.2. To what extent is phonology related ot phonetics and how do they differ。
经济学课后作业答案1-8
《经济学》课后布置练习作业答案Chapter 1：pp19 & 20—Q4, 8, 15, 174. The manager is failing to think at the margin. Dell has lost $400,000 on the last 10,000 laptops, so their profits would have been higher if they had not produced them.8. The contractors had little incentive to deliver the Indians to Oklahoma alive. Instead, they benefited when the Indians died along the way, because they had to spend even less money on food and transportation. One way to change the incentives to lower the death rate would have been to pay the contractors more if the Indians arrived safely in Oklahoma.15. a. The central reason for outsourcing to China is that firms believe they can earn a higher profit in the process.b. Outsourcing to China isn’t risk-free. In most cases, the entrepreneur has no guarantee that the costs of outsourcing (payments to the workers plus costs of arranging things and supervising from a distance, for example) will be lower than the costs of production with domestic workers whose productivity and quality of workmanship may be much higher.17. a. and d. are microeconomic questions; b. and c. are macroeconomic questions.Chapter 2：pp57-59—Q4, 7, 11, 15, 16;4. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. It is possible to have a comparative advantage in producing a good even if someone else has an absolute advantage in producing that good (and every other good). Unless the two producers have exactly the same opportunity costs of producing two goods – the same tradeoff between the two goods –one producer will have a comparative advantage in making one of the goods and the other producer will have a comparative advantage in making the other good.7. If the federal government has a fixed budget for medical research, then the opportunity cost of funding more research on heart disease is the reduction in funding for research on other diseases. The decision should be made at the margin: to maximize the benefits fromgovernment spending on medical research, the last dollar devoted to research on heart disease should result in the same marginal benefit – less disease and fewer deaths – as the last dollar spent on research for other diseases. If the additional funding for research on heart disease comes at the expense of other non-medical research expenditures, then the opportunity cost will change, but a similar analysis should be conducted.11. a. Canada has the comparative advantage in making boots. Canada’s opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up one shirt. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up three shirts. The U.S. has the comparative advantage in making shirts. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one shirt is giving up one-third of a boot, bu t Canada’s opportunity cost of making one shirt is one boot.b. Neither country has an absolute advantage in making both goods. The U.S. has the absolute advantage in shirts, but Canada has the absolute advantage in boots.c. If both countries specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage and then trade with the other, they can both be better off. Let’s use the case in which each trades half of what it makes for half of what the other makes. The U.S. will specialize by making 12 sh irts and Canada will specialize by making 6 boots. Since each gets half of the other’s production, they both end up with 6 shirts and 3 boots. This means they are better off than before trading, since they end up with the same amount of boots, but twice as many shirts. Others trades will make them better off, as well.12. a. Neither country has a comparative advantage in either good. In both countries, the opportunity cost of one barrel of oil is one barrel of olive oil. Comparative advantage only arises if someone has a lower opportunity cost, but these two countries have the same opportunity cost.b. No, the countries can’t gain from trade. Trading across the border gives the same tradeoffs that can be made within each country.14. Yes, the United States would have benefited from importing those products where Britain had a comparative advantage.15. a. An auto purchase takes place in the product market. The household (George) demandsthe good and the firm (BMW) supplies the good.b. The labor market is a factor market. The households supply the labor and the firm demands the labor.c. This is a factor market. The household (George) supplies the factor of production (labor), while the firm (McDonald’s) demands it.d. The land market is a factor market. The household supplies the factor of production and the firm demands it.16. Adam Smith was making the ―invisible hand‖ argument that, in pursuing their self-interest, business people end up producing the goods and services most desired by consumers.Chapter 8 p259—Q3, 4, 7, 253. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. A country will often import goods in which it has an absolute advantage. For example, the U.S. could produce textiles with fewer resources than in China, but China produces these goods for the U.S. allowing it to produce other goods that are even more valuable.4. International trade increases a country’s consumption because it allows it to specialize in the goods and services which it can produce at the lowest opportunity cost and trade for goods and services for which it has a higher opportunity cost.7. Free trade probably benefits smaller countries more because without trade it would be difficult for producers in these countries to benefit from external economies and economies of scale. Also, larger more populous countries are likely to have a wider range of people with a wider range of comparative advantages, so they can gain significantly from trading among themselves, but this is less likely in smaller countries.25.Chapter 3：pp91-94—Q2, 3, 21. 22;2. a. substitutes b. complements c. complements d. probably unrelated3. a. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left.b. There will be a movement down the demand curve for Big Macs.c. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left (assuming that Big Macs and fries are complements).d. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the right.See page 71 of the textbook for graphs that shift to the right and to the left.21. a. Trueb. False (it depends on whether demand shifts more than supply)c. False (the price will definitely decrease)22.Chapter 6：pp193-194—Q2, 3, 5, 6, 192. The price elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price) = –25%/10% = –2.5. This is elastic.3. In calculating the percentage change in price and quantity, the midpoint formula divides by the average of the starting and ending values.Midpoint Formula:M idpoint Formula:(Q2-Q1)Q1+Q22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪÷(P2-P1)P1+P22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪Percentage changes can also be calculated by using the starting or ending value without averaging, but this gives different results depending on whether the starting or ending value is used.5. The demand for most agricultural goods is inelastic. This is probably because people already have about enough to eat, so they won’t increase purchases much if the price falls.6. The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is usually the availability of substitutes for the product. If there are good substitutes, elasticity will be high becausepeople can switch away to another good as the product’s price rises. Other factors determining the price elasticity of demand for a product include the passage of time, whether the good is a necessity or a luxury, how narrowly the market for the good is defined, and the share of the good in the consumer’s budget.19a. The gain in revenue is $12 x 500,000 = $6,000,000.19b. Using the midpoint formula, the percentage change in price =95.33$95.27$95.39$- x 100 = 35.3%.Therefore, the percentage change in quantity demanded = –2 x 35.3% = –70.6%. So, we have:–-0.706 = ()⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-2000,500000,500Q Q ; or Q = 239,098. Revenue before the price change = $27.95 x 500,000 = $13,975,000. Revenue after the price change = $39.95 x 239,098 = $9,551,965. So, the change in revenue is $9,551,965 – 13,975,000 = –$4,423,035.Chapter 4：pp121-124—Q1, 4, 9, 191. a. 28 million cratesb. a surplus of 6 million cratesc. The apple growers will benefit. Their revenue will increase from $8 x 30,000,000 = $240,000,000 to $10 x 28,000,000 = $280,000,000.4. a. As the supply curve shifts inward from S1 to S2, consumer surplus will decrease from A +B +C +D to A.b. Producer surplus will change from E + F + G to B + E. This may be an increase or a decrease, depending on the size of B relative to F + G.c. Total surplus will fall from A + B + C + D + E + F + G to A + B + E.9. A ―blacklist‖ of ―high-risk‖ renters is more likely to exist in a city with rent control. With rent control in place, there is a shortage of apartments and each landlord has many rentershoping to get the apartment, so landlords can be very choosy about renters. If there were a list of high-risk renters in a non-rent-control city, it is likely that these renters could get an apartment by agreeing to pay a bit more than the going price, but in rent control cities it is illegal to charge more.19. a. If you are currently a renter, the law will probably make you better off, unless you are one of those whose landlord removes his apartment from the market.b. Worse off, since you’ll probably not be able to find a vacant apartment.c. Worse off.d. Better off, unless you get caught and the penalty is large.Chapter 7：pp217-218—Q1,3,9,11,131. It depends on the type of business you are entering. Incorporation has the advantage of limited liability, but the disadvantage of additional taxes. If you choose not to incorporate your choice between a sole proprietorship and a partnership will depend on whether or not you’ll gain enough by bringing in a partner and sharing control and profits with him or her. 3. You would rather own the bonds, because a firm losing money is unlikely to pay a dividend, and if the firm goes bankrupt, the bondholders are paid off before the stockholders.9. Finding someone to borrow your money may be difficult. You would then have to check out that person’s credit, write a loan agreement, and repossess the car if the borrower fails to pay back the loan. Banks specialize in these activities, you don’t.13. Because the bond can be traded a few years from now, tomorrow or even a few minutes from now, the purchasers of the bond needn’t be only very young people.。
国际财务管理作业Chapter 1 - Test Bank (注释版)
Chapter 1—Multinational Financial Management: An Overview1. The commonly accepted goal of the MNC (跨国公司) is to:a. maximize short-term earnings.b. maximize shareholder wealth (股东财富).c. minimize risk.d. A and C.e. maximize international sales.ANS: B PTS: 12. With regard to corporate goals, an MNC (跨国公司) is mostly concerned with maximizing ____, and apurely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业) is mostly concerned with maximizing ____.a. shareholder wealth (股东财富); short-term earningsb. shareholder wealth (股东财富); shareholder wealth (股东财富)c. short-term earnings; sales volumed. short-term earnings; shareholder wealth (股东财富)ANS: B PTS: 13. For the MNC (跨国公司), agency costs (代理成本) are typically:a. non-existent.b. larger than agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).c. smaller than agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).d. the same as agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).ANS: B PTS: 14. Which of the following (下列哪个) could reduce agency problems (代理问题) for an MNC (跨国公司)?a. stock options as managerial compensation.b. hostile takeover (收购) threat.c. investor monitoring.d. all of the above (上述全部) are forms of corporate control that could reduce agencyproblems (代理问题) for an MNC (跨国公司).ANS: D PTS: 15. The valuation (评价) of an MNC (跨国公司) should rise when an event causes the expected cashflows (预期的现金流) from foreign to ____ and when foreign currencies denominating these cashflows are expected to ____.a. decrease; appreciateb. increase; appreciatec. decrease; depreciated. increase; depreciateANS: B PTS: 16. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories identifies specialization (专业化) as a reason forinternational business (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: A PTS: 17. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories identifies the non-transferability of resources (资源的不可转移性) as a reason for international business (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: B PTS: 18. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories suggests that firms seek to penetrate new markets (进入新的市场) over time?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: C PTS: 19. Which of the following (下列哪个) industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs insome less developed foreign countries?a. assembly line production.b. specialized professional services.c. nuclear missile planning.d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology.ANS: A PTS: 110. Due to the risks involved in international business (国际商务), firms should:a. only consider international business (国际商务) in major countries.b. maintain international business (国际商务) to no more than 20% of total business.c. maintain international business (国际商务) to no more than 35% of total business.d. none of the aboveANS: D PTS: 111. A product cycle (产品周期) is the process by which a firm provides a specialized sales or servicestrategy, support assistance, and possibly an initial investment in the franchise in exchange for periodic fees.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 112. Licensing (许可) is the process by which a firm provides its technology (copyrights, patents,trademarks, or trade names) in exchange for fees or some other specified benefits.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 113. The agency costs (代理成本) of an MNC (跨国公司) are likely to be lower if it:a. scatters its subsidiaries across many foreign countries.b. increases its volume of international business (国际商务).c. uses a centralized management style.d. A and B.ANS: C PTS: 114. An MNC (跨国公司) may be more exposed to agency problems (代理问题) if most of its shares areheld by:a. a few mutual funds (共同基金)b. a widely dispersed set of individual investorsc. a few pension funds (养老基金)d. all of the above (上述全部) would prevent agency problems (代理问题)ANS: B PTS: 115. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act improves corporate governance (公司治理) of MNCs (跨国公司) because it:a. makes executives more accountable for verifying financial statementsb. eliminates stock options as a form of compensationc. ties executive compensation to firm performanced. places a limit on the amount of funds that managers can spendANS: A PTS: 116. MNCs (跨国公司) can improve their internal control (内部控制) process by all of the following,except (除了):a. establishing a centralized data base of informationb. ensuring that all data are reported consistently among subsidiariesc. ensuring that the MNC (跨国公司) always borrows from countries where interest rates arelowestd. using a system that checks internal data for unusual discrepanciesANS: C PTS: 117. Franchising (特许经营) is the process by which national governments sell state owned operations tocorporations and other investors.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 118. The parent of MNC (跨国公司) can implement compensation plans (补偿计划) that directly rewardthe subsidiary (子公司) managers for enhancing the value (价值) of the MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 119. If a publicly-traded MNC (跨国公司)'s managers make poor decisions that reduce its value (价值), itmay encourage other firms to acquire it.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 120. Institutional investors such as mutual funds (共同基金) or pension funds (养老基金) which have largeholdings (控股) of an MNC (跨国公司)'s stock do not normally want to take control of it and therefore have no influence over management of the MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 121. In comparing exporting (出口) to direct foreign investment (国外直接投资) (DFI), an exporting (出口)operation will likely incur ____ fixed production costs (固定生产成本) and ____ transportation costs (运输成本) than DFI.a. higher; higherb. higher; lowerc. lower; lowerd. lower; higherANS: D PTS: 122. Which of the following (下列哪个) is an example of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)?a. exporting (出口) to a country.b. establishing Licensing (许可) arrangements in a country.c. purchasing existing companies in a country.d. investing directly (without brokers) in foreign stocks.ANS: C PTS: 123. According to the text (教科书), a disadvantage of Licensing (许可) is that:a. it prevents a firm from importing (进口).b. it is difficult to ensure quality control of the production process.c. it prevents a firm from exporting (出口).d. none of the aboveANS: B PTS: 124. ____ are most commonly classified as a direct foreign investment (国外直接投资).a. Foreign acquisitions (国外并购)b. Purchases of international stocksc. Licensing (许可) agreementsd. Exporting (出口) transactionsANS: A PTS: 125. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) represent conditions under which factors of production (生产要素)are immobile.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 126. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in 2002 required MNCs (跨国公司) and other firms toimplement an internal reporting process that could be easily monitored by executives and the board of directors.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 127. If markets were perfect, then labor and other costs of production would be perfectly stable (nomovement across borders).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 128. The valuation (评价) of an MNC (跨国公司) is reduced if the required return on its investments inforeign countries is reduced.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 129. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not mentioned in the text (教科书) as an additional riskresulting from international business (国际商务)?a. exchange rate fluctuations.b. political risk (政治风险).c. interest rate risk.d. exposure (曝险) to foreign economies.ANS: C PTS: 130. Licensing (许可) obligates a firm to provide ____, while Franchising (特许经营) obligates a firm toprovide ____.a. a specialized sales or service strategy; its technologyb. its technology; a specialized sales or service strategyc. its technology; its technologyd. a specialized sales or service strategy; a specialized sales or service strategye. its technology; an initial investmentANS: B PTS: 131. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not a way in which agency problems (代理问题) can be reducedthrough corporate control?a. executive compensation.b. threat of hostile takeover (收购).c. acquisition of a foreign subsidiary (子公司).d. monitoring by large shareholders.ANS: C PTS: 132. The goal of a multinational corporation (MNC (跨国公司)) is the maximization of shareholder wealth(股东财富).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 133. A centralized management style, where major decisions about a foreign subsidiary (子公司) are madeby the parent company, results in an increase in agency costs (代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 134. If a U.S. firm sets up a plant in Mexico to benefit from (受益于) low cost labor, it will likely have acomparative advantage (比较优势) over other firms in Mexico that sell the same product.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 135. Although MNCs (跨国公司) may need to convert currencies occasionally, they do not face anyexchange rate risk (汇率风险), as exchange rates are stable over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 136. One of the most prevalent factors conflicting with the realization of the goal of an MNC (跨国公司) isthe existence of agency problems (代理问题).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 137. A centralized management style for an MNC (跨国公司) results in relatively (相对) high agency costs(代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 138. The Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory states that factors of production (生产要素) aresomewhat immobile, allowing firms to capitalize on a foreign country's resources.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 139. If a U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) focused completely on importing (进口), then its valuation (评价)would likely be adversely affected (受到不利影响) if most currencies were expected to appreciate against the dollar over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 140. The acquisition of a foreign subsidiary (子公司) is commonly considered by MNCs (跨国公司)because the cost is less expensive than establishing a new subsidiary (子公司) of the same size.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 141. If a U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) focused completely on exporting (出口), then its valuation (评价)would likely be adversely affected (受到不利影响) if most currencies were expected to appreciate against the dollar over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 142. If markets were perfect, then labor and other costs of production would be easily transferable.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 143. International trade (国际贸易):a. is a relatively (相对) conservative approach to foreign market penetration (市场渗透).b. entails minimal risk.c. does not require large amount of investment.d. all of the above (上述全部).ANS: D PTS: 144. Assume that (假设) an American firm wants to engage in international business (国际商务) withoutmajor investment (重大投资) in the foreign country. Which method is least (最不)appropriate in this situation?a. International trade (国际贸易)b. Licensing (许可)c. Franchising (特许经营)d. Direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)ANS: D PTS: 145. The valuation (评价) of MNC (跨国公司) accounts for all the cash flows received by the foreignsubsidiaries plus all the cash flows remitted by the subsidiaries.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 146. The MNC (跨国公司)'s value (价值) depends on all of the following, except (除了):a. MNC (跨国公司)'s required rate of return (必要回报率)b. Amount of MNC (跨国公司)'s cash flows in particular currencyc. The exchange rate at which cash flows are converted to dollarsd. The value (价值) of MNC (跨国公司) depends on all of the above (上述全部) factorsANS: D PTS: 147. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not an example of political risk (政治风险)?a. Government may impose taxes on subsidiary (子公司)b. Government may impose barriers on subsidiary (子公司)c. Consumers may boycott the MNC (跨国公司)d. Consumers' income levels will decrease, thus decreasing consumption.ANS: D PTS: 148. A microeconomic perspective focuses on external forces such as economic conditions that can affectthe value (价值) of an MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 149. Assume that (假设) an MNC (跨国公司) has a subsidiary (子公司) in Italy, which exports its productsto various countries in Europe. Since all of the countries where it exports use Euro as their currency, this MNC (跨国公司) is not subject to the exchange rate risk (汇率风险).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 150. International trade (国际贸易) generally results in ____ exposure (曝险) to international political risk(政治风险) and ____ exposure (曝险) to international economic conditions, when compared to other methods of international business (国际商务).a. higher; lowerb. higher; higherc. lower; higherd. lower; lowerANS: D PTS: 151. Assume that (假设) Boca Co. wants to expand its business to Japan, and wants complete control overthe operations in Japan. Which method of international business (国际商务) is most appropriate for Boca Co?a. Joint ventureb. Licensing (许可)c. Partial acquisition of existing Japanese firmd. Establishment (建立) of Japanese subsidiary (子公司)ANS: B PTS: 152. A decentralized management style of MNC (跨国公司) results in relatively (相对) high agency costs(代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 153. The Establishment (建立) of a new subsidiary (子公司) is commonly considered by MNCs (跨国公司)because the cost is less expensive than acquiring a foreign subsidiary (子公司) of the same size.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 154. Assume that (假设) Live Co. has expected cash flows (预期的现金流) of $200,000 from domesticoperations, SF200,000 from Swiss operations, and 150,000 euros from Italian operations at the end of the year. The Swiss franc's value (价值) and euro's value (价值) are expected to be $.83 and $1.29 respectively, at the end this year. What are the expected dollar cash flows of Live Co?a. $200,000b. $559,500c. $582,500d. $393,500ANS: B PTS: 155. Saller Co. has a subsidiary (子公司) in Mexico. The expected cash flows (预期的现金流) in pesos tobe received in the future from this subsidiary (子公司) have not changed since last month, but thevaluation (评价) of Saller Co. has declined since last month. What could've caused this decline invalue (价值)?a. A weaker Mexican economyb. Lower Mexican interest ratesc. Depreciation of the Mexican pesod. Appreciation of the Mexican peso.ANS: C PTS: 156. Jensen Co. wants to establish a new subsidiary (子公司) in Mexico that will sell computers to Mexicancustomers and remit earnings back to the U.S. parent. The value (价值) of this project will befavorably affected if the value (价值) of the peso ____ while it establishes the new subsidiary (子公司) and ____ when the subsidiary (子公司) starts operations.a. depreciates; appreciatesb. appreciates; appreciatesc. appreciates; depreciatesd. depreciates; depreciatesANS: A PTS: 157. A macroeconomic perspective focuses on the financial management decisions that affect the value (价值) of MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 158. An MNC (跨国公司) will always use the same required rate of return (必要回报率) in the valuation(评价) of foreign projects, as it would for its domestic projects.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 159. Livingston Co. has a subsidiary (子公司) in Korea. The subsidiary (子公司) reinvests half of its netcash flows into operations and remits half to the parent. Livingston's expected cash flows (预期的现金流) from domestic business are $100,000 and the Korean subsidiary (子公司) is expected to generate 100 million Korean won at the end of the year. The expected value (价值) of won is $.0012. What are the expected dollar cash flows of Livingston Co.?a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $160,000d. $60,000ANS: C PTS: 160. A U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) has many foreign subsidiaries in Europe and does not expect toincrease its investment there. Its value (价值) should increase if the value (价值) of the euro weakens over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 161. If managers of foreign subsidiaries make decisions that maximize the value (价值)s of their respectivesubsidiaries, they automatically maximize the value (价值) of the entire corporation.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 162. A decentralized management style, where subsidiary (子公司) managers make the relevant decisionsregarding their subsidiary (子公司), may result in better decision making, as subsidiary (子公司) managers are generally better informed about their subsidiary (子公司)'s operations.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 163. U.S.-based MNCs (跨国公司) are typically not monitored by mutual funds (共同基金) and pensionfunds (养老基金), as these institutions (机构) rarely hold stock in MNCs (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 164. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act ensures a more transparent process for managers to report on the productivityand financial condition of their firm.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 165. The Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势) begins by assuming that a givenfirm first becomes established in its home country and may subsequently penetrate foreign markets via geographic or product differentiation.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 166. Under the Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) Theory, it is assumed that factors of production (生产要素) are entirely mobile, so that firms can capitalize on a foreign country's resources.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 167. Under the Product cycle (产品周期) Theory, foreign demand can be initially satisfied by exporting (出口).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 168. Licensing (许可) allows firms to use their technology in foreign markets without a major investment(重大投资) in foreign countries.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 169. International trade (国际贸易) is the most common form of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)(DFI).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 170. When the parent's home currency (本国货币) is weak, remitted funds from foreign subsidiaries willconvert to a smaller amount of the home currency (本国货币).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 171. A purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业) may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations if it faces atleast (最不)some foreign competition.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 172. One form of an exposure (曝险) to political risk (政治风险) is terrorism (恐怖主义).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 173. The goal of a multinational corporation (MNC (跨国公司)) isa. The minimization of taxes remitted from foreign subsidiaries.b. The Establishment (建立) of subsidiaries in any country where operations would provide areturn over and above the cost of capital, even if better projects are available domestically.c. The maximization of shareholder wealth (股东财富).d. The maximization of social benefits resulting from actions such as the employment offoreign managers.ANS: C PTS: 174. Agency costs (代理成本) faced by multinational corporations (MNCs (跨国公司)) may be larger thanthose faced by purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业)s becausea. Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult.b. Foreign subsidiary (子公司) managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniformgoals.c. MNCs (跨国公司) are relatively (相对) large.d. All of the above (上述全部)e. A and B onlyANS: D PTS: 175. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not one of the more common methods used by MNCs (跨国公司) to improve their internal control (内部控制) process?a. Establishing a centralized database of informationb. Ensuring that all data are reported consistently among subsidiariesc. Speeding the process by which all departments and all subsidiaries have access to the datathat they needd. Making executives more accountable for financial statements by personally verifying theiraccuracye. All of the above (上述全部) are common methods used by MNCs (跨国公司) to improvetheir internal control (内部控制) process.ANS: E PTS: 176. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not mentioned in the text (教科书) as a theory of internationalbusiness (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论)b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) Theoryc. Product cycle (产品周期) Theoryd. Globalization of Business Theorye. All of the above (上述全部) are mentioned in the text (教科书) as theories of internationalbusiness (国际商务)ANS: D PTS: 177. The most risky method(s) by which firms conduct international business (国际商务) is (are):a. Franchising (特许经营).b. The acquisitions of existing operations (现有业务的收购).c. The Establishment (建立) of new subsidiaries.d. All of the above (上述全部)e. B and C onlyANS: E PTS: 178. The least (最不)risky method by which firms conduct international business (国际商务) is:a. Franchising (特许经营).b. The acquisitions of existing operations (现有业务的收购).c. International trade (国际贸易).d. The Establishment (建立) of new subsidiaries.e. Licensing (许可)ANS: C PTS: 179. Which of the following (下列哪个) does not constitute (构成) a form of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)?a. Franchising (特许经营)b. International trade (国际贸易)c. Joint ventures (合资企业)d. Acquisitions of existing operationse. Establishment (建立) of new foreign subsidiariesANS: B PTS: 1。
《数学物理方程-福州大学-江飞》作业chapter1
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饭店英语作业
饭店英语作业Test Paper for Chapter 1-Hotel History and Hotel OrganizationI.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The introduction of passenger-carrying stagecoaches in France in1658 sparked a new age for the lodging industry.2.Air travel is the latest in faster transportation, enabling masses ofpeople who are willing and financially able to travel to a variety of places.3.American hotel tycoon, Ellsworth Statler entered the field in 1901.By the time of his death in 1928, he had built Statler Hotels in six major cities, as well as 2,200-room Pennsylvania Hotel in New York.4.Conrad Hilton founded Holiday Inns in 1952.5.The concept of time-sharing began in Asia in the 1960s when aSwiss-based company began offering its shares for sale.6.Today’s hospitality industry contributes significantly to the economicclout of the worldwide travel and tourism industry.7.Travel and tourism is among the top five revenue and foreignexchange generators in many countries around the globe.8.A motel is usually located along highways, motorists canconveniently drive up to one for a rest.9.Hotels are organized into large divisions and smaller departments.10.E ach department does not have influence over others.II.Explain the following terms.1.All-suite hotel2.Boutique hotel3.Front Office4.Engineering Department5.Human Resources ManagerIII.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.__________later replaced stagecoaches, only to be replacedthemselves by cars zooming down interstate highways.A BusesB TrainsC PlanesD Ships2. Although North America had its first lodging “chain”in 1769, development ofthe multi-unit lodging chain, in which each hotel or motel operated under the same brand name, did not really begin until ___________.A 20th centuryB 19th centuryC 21st centuryD 18th century3. Rapid expansion of destination spots not only means more opportunities for_______but creates the training ground for hotel management graduates as well.A food industryB automobile industryC travel and tourismD building industry4. __________is usually located in central business district.A Resort hotelB Deluxe hotelC ResortsD Downtown hotel5. A _______ is usually located along highways, motorists can conveniently drive up to one for a rest.A airport hotelB casino hotelC innsD motel6. Most large properties have a Rooms Division, which normally include Front Office and ___________.A SecurityB HousekeepingC EngineeringD Accounting7. Front Office can be subdivided into Front Desk, Business Center and__________ etc.A FloorB LaundryC ConciergeD Account Receivable8. __________ is a place in a hotel where guests could do some exercises and relax themselves by applying some facilities such as running machines, tennis courts, swimming pools etc.A Health ClubB PABXC SecurityD Transportation9. _____________ensures the smooth operation of all equipment and machinery in the hotel.A Human Resources ManagerB Chief EngineerC General ManagerD Security Manager10. __________are the backbone of any property. They do most of the basic work that must be done each day. Most of them have direct contact with guests.A Team LeadersB SupervisorsC Front LinersD ManagersIV.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Upscale hotel2.Economy / limited service hotel3.Inns4.Food and Beverage Manager5.What are the popular ways of categorizing hotels according to thetext?Critical thinking questions.How many departments are there in a mid-tier or a large hotel? Briefly describe the functions of each department. Test Paper for Chapter 2-Front Office DepartmentV.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The receptionist should fill in the information such as guest’s name,sex, date of birth, the valid card number, type of visa, permanent address etc. on the registration card.2.Safe box provided at the Front Desk or in the guest room is availablefor guests to use free of charge.3.There is no need for guest to sign on the registration card.4.For group check-in, room assignment should be completed at least oneday in advance.5.When a group checks out, the Front Desk should not informHousekeeping to look in the rooms for mini-bar consumption and forgotten items.6.When a guest settles his accounts by check, the Receptionist shouldpay attention to the details like validity of the check, the amount owing, the authenticity of the check, the company seal etc.7.The Business Center staff usually goes to the airport to pick theguests.8.When a bellboy escorts the guest to enter his room, he should pressthe doorbell first and then knock on the door.9.The hotel has full legal right, three months after the date shown on thestorage tag, to dispose of any stored items not claimed.10.B usiness Center offers many services for the guests, which includephotocopying, sending faxes, typing documents, meeting room rental, printing name cards etc.VI.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1. Who is responsible for checking in and out guests?A Business CenterB ConciergeC PABXD Front DeskClerk2. There are _______ways of making wake-up calls.A threeB fourC twoD five3. Which section does not belong to the Front Office Department？A SwitchboardB Front DeskC TransportationD Laundry4. The staff should answer the telephone within _____rings.A threeB twoC fourD five5. Which section provides wake-up call service for the hotel guest?A Front DeskB PABXC Executive FloorD Business Center6. When a group intends to check out next morning, __________staffshould confirm luggage pick-up time with Front Desk and fill in the group luggage handling sheet.A morning shiftB night shiftC afternoon shiftD split shift7. Prior arrangement in writing is required to keep storage items beyond_____months.A threeB twoC fourD six8. Which section usually provides guests with service of foreign currency exchange?A TransportationB KioskC Front DeskD Concierge9. The most common guest requests a _______responds to are making dinnerreservations, confirming and reissuing airline tickets, making limousine arrangements or car rentals, providing maps, giving directions to local attractions etc.A driverB operatorC front desk clerkD concierge10. It was in the mid-______________that several San Francisco hotels brought theconcierge concept to America.A 1980sB 1950sC 1970sD 1960sVII.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. How many sections are there in a Front Office Department? And what are they?2. What information is usually printed on the welcome card?3. What are the methods of payment when guests settle their accounts in the hotel?4. What services do the Business Center usually provide for the guests?5. What jobs do the PABX Staff usually perform in the hotel?6. What does Les Clefs d’ Or mean?7. What does the guest history refer to?8. What does the walk-in mean?9. What is the difference between confidential service and screen call service?10. If a hotel guest wants to rent the meeting room in the Business Center, what information should the staff obtain from the guest?VIII.Critical thinking questions.a)Describe what tasks a Front Desk clerk usually does in atypical day.b)How do you think of a concierge’s job? And Why?Test Paper for Chapter 3-House Keeping Department (1)IX.Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding English or Chinese equivalentsX.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.When a room attendant makes a bed, she or he should strip the bedfirst.2.The items required for cleaning the bathroom are: all-purpose cleaner, sponge, dry and damp cloths, brush, basket and scrubbing pad etc.3.The first step for cleaning the guest bathroom is to clean the bath roomfloor.4.To reduce the working time in each guest room, the room attendantshould clean it in one direction, either clockwise or counter-clockwise to eliminate criss-cross the room, wasting both time and energy.5.When a room attendant does self-check of safety box, the staff shouldcheck the following details about it: whether the safety box functions properly, is free from dust, instruction manual is present or not.6.When the PA staff does cleaning in the public area, she or he candisturb guests, visitors or employees working.7.When the PA staff cleaning elevators and escalators, they should payattention to the floor carpets, glass, balustrades, and metal surfaces. 8.The grooming standard only applies to staff in housekeepingdepartment.9.Female staff are allowed to wear large or hanging earrings.10.I f the name tag looks old or breaks, it cannot be changed in HumanResources Department.XI.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.There are _________steps in cleaning the guest bathroom.A 5B 6C 4D 32. The distance between the room attendant and the door should be about ______cmso that the guest can see the staff’s face through cat’s view.A 25B 40C 10D 203. If the room attendant wants to clean the guest room, she or he should announce“__________”three times with an interval of 15 seconds while knocking on thedoor lightly before entering the guest room.A Front OfficeB Bell ServiceC HousekeepingD Laundry Department4. The Public Area usually includes two parts, one is for guest use and the otheris for ____________use.A clientsB staffC managerD VIP5. Carpet shampooing and pile lifting are usually done on a _____________basis.A yearlyB dailyC weeklyD monthly6. When removing stains on a piece of carpet, usually start cleaning from _______rim to ________with cloth and sponge etc.A outside…centerB outside…outsideC center…outsideD inside…inside7. No matter what stain you are removing, the last step is to comb the carpet using the hand brush or __________to raise the pile up to its normal height.A squeegeeB pile lifterC clothD vacuum cleaner8. __________staff are responsible for the back of the house cleaning, such as the staff entrance area, the staff passage, the staff elevator, the offices and the locker rooms.A Front OfficeB EngineeringC HousekeepingD Security9. _________is a place where staff change their clothes and take showers.A Public areaB OfficeC Guest roomD Locker10. When Housekeeping staff vacuum the floor, usually start from thefarthest cornerand move __________to the door.A backwardB forwardC westwardD eastwardXII.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Briefly describe the procedure of making a bed.2.How to clean the guest bathroom? Briefly describe about it.3.What is the procedure in cleaning the guest room?4.What parts does the Public Area usually include?5.What does Locker refer to?6.What is the criteria in selecting a pesticide?7.What items are required to clean the locker room?8.If the carpet gets spotted, how will you remove these stains accordingto the expert’s advice?XIII.Critical thinking questions.What are the advantages of rotating staff in cleaning different types of suites?VI. Case studySaving a LifeA supervisor recalls checking a Do Not Disturb room at the end of a shift, only to find the guest in a diabetic coma. She responded quickly and most likely saved the guest’s life. An executive housekeeper at a mountain resort was conducting room checks and found an elderly man unconscious on the bathroom floor. In this case, too, her prompt call for emergency help probably saved his life. Later, he thanked her and told her he had become disoriented after a strenuous hike and apparently fainted.What does the case imply?Test Paper for Chapter 4-Housekeeping Department (2)XIV.Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding English or Chinese equivalentsXV.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The purpose of a questionnaire is to solicit guests’ feedback and ideasabout the service received so that the hotel can expand and improve its service for guests.2.Some hotels use the questionnaire prepared by relevant governmentagency.Other hotels use their own questionnaire so they can ask about facilities andservices available in that hotel./doc/4d5a1816be1e650e52ea99ab.html ually at 2:00 am staff on night shift will start to restock mini-bar items on eachfloor.4.Different hotels have the same items in their mini-bars.5.The purpose of checking room status again and again, every two hours,is to ensure actual room status conforms with the computer list.6.If a guest requests express service in laundry, he does not need to payextra money.7.Shirts will be folded and blouses will be on hanger unless otherwiserequested when they are returned to the guest after laundry.8.The challenge and reward of being a professional housekeeper is thatno two work days are the same.9.The executive housekeeper does not need to check rooms and publicarea at all.10.T he executive housekeeper conducts staff briefing on daily basis.XVI.Explain the following terms.1. the uniform principle of one for one2. VC3.VDXVII.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.__________usually provide turn-down service for the hotel guests.A Front Desk staffB PA staffC Laundry staff DRoom attendants2. There are ____copies for a mini-bar check.A threeB fourC fiveD two3. Linen inventory is conducted on ________basis.A dailyB quarterlyC monthlyD weekly4. Duty Manager, and______________will check for a possible “sleeper”or an incorrectly up-dated room status from the previous day’s work.A Assistant Front Office ManagerB Executive HousekeeperC Assistant HousekeeperD Front Office Manager5. At about _________A.M., the room attendant usually checks all occupied rooms for laundry requests from guests.A 08:00B 10:00C 09:00D 11:006. All laundry/valet/dry cleaning is accepted by the hotel at owner’s risk. While theutmost care is exercised by the hotel. The liability of the Hotel is limited to ______times the value of the laundry /valet/dry cleaning charges.A eightB tenC sevenD six7. Should the laundry list be omitted or not itemized, the _________count will betaken as correct.A hotelB guestC staffD supervisor8. When a room attendant provides turn down service, she or he should fill icebucket ____________full.A 1/2B 1/3C 1/4D 1/5。
生物药物分析第一章作业答案
单选题1、现行中国药典是A.1953年B.1977年C.1983年D.2000年E.2020年正确答案：E试题解析：新中国成立以来，中国先后出版过十一版药典有1953年、1963年、1977年、1985年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年。
现行中国药典为2020年版，所以选择E。
2、我国药典的英文缩写A.BPPC.JPD.ChPE.NF正确答案：D试题解析：我国药典的英文缩写为ChP。
BP为英国药典，USP为美国药典，JP为日本药局方，NF为美国国家处方集。
所以选择D。
3、下列哪项不属于中国药典一部收载的内容？A.药材及饮片B.植物油脂C.药用辅料D.成方制剂E.提取物正确答案：C试题解析：现行版的《中国药典》为2020年版，该版药典分为四部。
一部收载药材及饮片、植物油脂和提取物、成方制剂和单味制剂等；二部收载化学药品、抗生素、生化药品以及放射性药品；三部收载生物制品；四部收载药典通则、药用辅料。
所以选择C。
4、药物的检验基本程序一般为（）记录报告等A.取样、性状评价、鉴别、检查、含量测定B.取样、鉴别、检查、含量测定C.取样、含量测定、检查、鉴别D.取样、鉴别、性状评价、检查、含量测定正确答案：A试题解析：药物的检验基本程序一般为取样、性状评价、鉴别、检查、含量测定、记录报告等。
所以该题选择A选项5、根据系统误差产生的原因可采取相应的校正方法。
进行空白试验是为了校正A.方法误差B.仪器误差C.试剂误差D.操作误差正确答案：C试题解析：为了发现并消除（或校正）系统误差，可选用下面几种方法：对照试验、回收试验、空白试验、仪器校正、分析结果校正。
所以该题选择C。
6、以下哪个因素会造成实验的偶然误差？A.共沉淀现象B.环境温度波动C.蒸馏水不纯D.操作不熟练正确答案：B试题解析：偶然误差，顾名思义，它是随机产生的，不可预计的。
如实验过程中的温度、电压及平行操作的微小差异等因素都可能引入偶然误差。
课时提优计划作业本2024英语九下答案
课时提优计划作业本2024英语九下答案Title: Homework Answers for Class Improvement Plan Workbook 2024 English Ninth GradeIntroduction:The Class Improvement Plan is a comprehensive program designed to help students enhance their English language skills. One of the key components of this program is the homework assignments given in the workbook. These assignments are carefully curated to cover all aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills. In this document, we will provide the answers for the homework assignments in the Class Improvement Plan Workbook for the year 2024 for ninth grade students.Chapter 1: Grammar1.1) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses:a) She (study) every day.b) They (play) basketball yesterday.c) We (go) to the beach last weekend.d) He (eat) lunch at 12 pm.e) I (read) a book right now.1.2) Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentences:a) Are you bringing ___ camera to the party?b) She gave ___ a present for my birthday.c) __ are going to the park tomorrow.Chapter 2: Vocabulary2.1) Match the words with their definitions:a) diligent - hardworking and carefulb) enthusiastic - showing a lot of excitement and interestc) stubborn - refusing to change your opinion or course of action2.2) Fill in the blanks with the correct word:a) The __ of the book was fascinating.b) She __ her keys in the car.Chapter 3: Reading Comprehension3.1) Read the passage and answer the questions:Passage: The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It stretches over 13,000 miles and wasbuilt over 2,000 years ago to protect the Chinese empire from invasions.Questions:a) What is the Great Wall of China?b) Why was the Great Wall built?Chapter 4: Writing Skills4.1) Write a short paragraph about your favorite book or movie.Conclusion:The homework answers provided in this document are intended to assist students in their learning journey. By completing these assignments and checking their answers, students can improve their English language skills and excel in their studies. We encourage students to use these answers as a reference and to seek help from their teachers if they have any questions or need further clarification.。
典范英语8-03 顶级跑鞋
《典范英语》（8_03）教学参考The Ultimate Trainers教学参考的目的在于为实验课提供一个基本的思路和框架，帮助实验教师更好地把握课题理念。
课题组鼓励实验教师结合学生的实际情况适当做出调整，将实验课上出特色。
一、教学目标1．语言目标：学生能够听懂并理解故事的内容；能够有感情地朗读；能够复述故事的主要情节；能够完成与故事相关的写作任务。
2．非语言目标：引导学生用平常心看待输赢和得失；启发学生思考比赛的真正意义（如重在参与，全力以赴），勇于挑战自我，展现体育精神（Swifter, Higher, Stronger）。
说明：语言目标由教师负责检查，确保学生完成任务，达到要求。
非语言目标具有开放性，需要教师围绕有意义的话题与学生进行真诚交流，激发学生的学习兴趣和参与热情，让学生在有思想、有内容的开放性语言实践活动中习得语言，树立正确的价值观。
二、课时安排要求学生每周完成一部作品，每周安排一节或两节实验课，课时放在学生读完该部作品之后。
三、课前任务要求学生每天朗读15-20分钟，辅以默读。
做到听读结合，认真把握和体会故事的内容，并适当积累好词好句。
四、课堂教学基本步骤1. 导入（Lead-in）：启发学生思考教师提出几个关于跑步比赛的问题请学生回答，如：Have you ever taken part in a running race? Does it matter what kind of trainers you wear?If you found a pair of magic trainers, what would you do?教师简要总结后，引导学生进入故事情景：In this story, who would take part in a running race? What did he find before the race? Did he win at last? Why? Let's find the answers from the story.2. 情节分析及复述（Plot Analysis and Retelling ）：启发学生思考；关注内容与语言表达的准确性，锻炼学生连贯表达思想的能力教师在黑板上板书每章的标题，然后请学生将各章纳入“introduction — build-up — climax — resolution ”的结构中去，可参考以下： Chapter 1 The perfect trainers （P3） IntroductionChapter 2 Kevin Beadle （P9）Build-upChapter 3 Jake tries them out （P12）Chapter 4 Anna works it out （P17）Chapter 5 ‘It won’t prove anything’ （P24）Chapter 6 Jake makes up his mind （P27）Climax Chapter 7 Where are the trainers? （P33）Chapter 8 The big race （P37）Chapter 9 The trainers get their own back （P46）Resolution Chapter 10 Back to whenever （P52） 然后教师针对每个部分进行提问，请学生回答：Introduction:Where did Jake find the trainers?What was Anna’s suggestion?What was Jake’s decision?Build-up:What did Beadle do to Jake when he was waiting for Anna?When Jake tried the trainers out, what happened?What was Anna’s explanation for the magic trainers? Why did she think so?What was Anna’s advice? Did Jake follow it?Which part of Chapter 5 foreshadows the bad thing that was going to happen to Jake? Can you guess what would happen then?Climax:Why did Jake change his mind?Who took the trainers away?Whom did Jake and Anna meet in the school?Who won the race at last? How about Jake?Resolution:Why did the trainers get angry? What did they do to Beadle?How did Beadle make things right in the end? Why did he give the trainers back?How did everyone end according to the story? What about the trainers?教师根据学生的回答，将各个部分的要点板书在黑板上。
矩阵论及其应用-1 chapter1
例2
次数不超过n的多项式的全体, 记作P [ x] ,即
n
n Pn [ x] { p an x a1 x a0 an ,, a1 , a0 R},
组实数k1，k 2， , km，向量 k1 1 k 2 2 k m m 称为向量组的一个线性组合，k1，k2， , km 称为这
个线性组合的系数.
（2） 给定向量组A : 1 , 2 ,, m 和向量b, 如果存在
一组数1， 2， , m，使
b 1 1 2 2 m m
（１）一个集合，如果定义的加法和数乘运算是通常的 实数间的加乘运算，则只需检验对运算的封闭性．
例１ 实数域上的全体 m n 矩阵，对矩阵的加法 和数乘运算构成实数域上的线性空间，记作 R mn
Amn Bmn C mn ,
．
Amn Dmn ,
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( 3) 在V中存在零元素 0, 对任何 V , 都有
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语言学作业 第一章
语言学作业班级：姓名：Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsI. Please illustrate the following terms.1. Arbitrariness:The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.The different levels of arbitrariness:(1) Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words(2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.(3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention. 2. DualityThe property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. Phatic communionPhatic communion refers to the social interaction of language.4. Synchronic linguistics:A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.II. Please distinguish the following terms:1. Langue vs. ParoleLangue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, that is, the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual, and it is the linguist’s proper object;Parole refers to the realization of langue, the immediately accessible data. While parole constitutes the immediately accessible data, and it is a mass of confused facts, so it is not suitable for systematic investigation..(1) Langue is abstract, while parole is specific to the situation in which it occurs.(2) Langue is not actually spoken by anyone, while parole is always a naturally occurring event.(3) Langue is relatively stable, systematic and social, while parole is subject to personal, individual and situational constraints.(4) Langue is essential while parole is accessory and accidental.2. Descriptive vs. PrescriptiveThe distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are.Traditional grammar was very strongly normative in character.The grammarians tried to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all. That is prescriptive.These attitudes are still with us, though people realize nowadays the facts of usage count more than the authority-made “standards”. The nature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescription.3. Synchronic vs. DiachronicSynchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.Actually synchrony is a fiction since any language is changing as the minutes pass.Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.4. Competence vs. PerformanceAccording to Chomsky:A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence.Performance refers to the actual use of language or the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances in concrete situations.A speaker’s competence is stable while his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors, so a speaker’s performance does not always or equal his supposed competence.He believes that linguists ought to study competence rather than performance.5. Langue vs. CompetenceAccording to Chomsky:Langue is a social product, a systematic inventory of rules of the language, a set of conventions for a speech community.Competence is defined from the psychological point of view, is deemed as a property of the mind of each individuals, or underlying competence as a system of generative processes.According to Hymes:He approaches language from a socio-cultural viewpoint with the aim of studying the varieties of ways of speaking on the part of individual and the community.He extended notion of competence, restricted by Chomsky to a knowledge of grammar, to incorporate the pragmatic ability for language use. This extended idea of competence can be called communicative competence.III. Answer the following questions in brief:1. The following are some book titles of linguistics. Can you judge the synchronic ordiachronic orientation just from the titles?1) English Examined: Two Centuries of Comment on the Mother Tongue2) Protean Shape: A Study in Eighteenth-century Vocabulary and Usage3) Pejorative Sense Development in English4) The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation5) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular1) diachronic 2）synchronic 3）diachronic 4）synchronic5）We can’t judge whether it is synchronic or diachronic orientation just from the titles.2. What is language? What is linguistics?Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication and interaction.Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. The aims of linguistic theory: 1) what is knowledge of language? (Competence) 2) how is knowledge of language acquired? (Acquisition) 3) how is knowledge of language put to use? (Performance/language processing). Main branches of linguistics:Phonetics, Phonology Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics.3. How do you understand performative function of language?The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons or the situations of events, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies.The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized.The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions.For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an as a means of controlling the invisible forces which the believers feel might affect their lives adversely.IV. Discuss the following question in detail.How do you interpret the viewpoint that “arbitrariness is a matter of degree”?1)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words:The dog barks bow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese.2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.⏹He came in and sat down.⏹He sat down and came in.⏹He sat down after he came in.3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.⏹Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative.⏹Conventionality of language makes learning a languagelaborious.Chapter 2 Speech Sounds I. Complete the following statements.1. Human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and conceptswhich are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as __________.2. The sound [p] can be described with “voiced, __________, stop.”3. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically differentbut do not make one word different from another in meaning,, are_________. 4. Both semantics and ________ investigate linguistic meaning, but they focus ondifferent aspects.5. If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language andsettle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is ___________ linguistics.6. Phones that fall into allophones of a phoneme have to satisfy two conditions, oneis they are ___________________, and another is that they should be in _____________________.7. The vowel ________ is high front tense unrounded.8. A dog cannot tell people that its master will be home in a few days, because itslanguage does not have the feature of ___________.9. Computational linguistics often refers to the problems of ________________,information retrieval, and ______________.10. Halliday proposed a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has___________, ____________ and _____________ functions.II. Define the following terms.1. Manner of articulation:2. Distinctive features:3. Intonation:4. Assimilation:III. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Specify the difference between each pair of sounds using distinctive features.1) [l] [ł ] 2) [p h] [p] 3) [b] [d] 4) [k] [g] 5) [I] [u]2. Work out the features of the following sounds.1) [t h] ________________________________________2) [w] ________________________________________3) [v] ________________________________________4) [ð] _________________________________________5) [l] __________________________________________3. In some dialects of English the following words have different vowels, as shownby the phonetic transcription. Based on these data, answer the questions that follow.A B. Cbite [bʌi t]bide [ba i d]tie [ta i]rice [rʌi s]rise [ra i z]by [ba i]type [tʌi p]bribe [b r aib] sigh [s a i]wife [wʌi f]wives [wa i vz]die [d a i]tyke [tʌi k]time [ta i m]why [wa i]1) What is the difference of the sounds that end the words in columns A and B?2) How do the words in column C differ from those in column A and B?3) Are [ʌi] and [a i] in complementary distribution? Give your reasons.4) What are the phonetic transcriptions of (a) life and (b) lives?5) What would the phonetic transcriptions of the following words be in the dialectsof English shown in the data?(a) trial (b) bike (c) lice(d) fly (e) mine6) State the rule that will relate the phonemic representations to be phonetictranscriptions of the words given above.IV. Discuss the questions in details.1. Illustrate phoneme, phone and allophone.2. To what extent is phonology related ot phonetics and how do they differ?。
(精华版)国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课形考网考作业及答案
(精华版)国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2020年秋期电大把该网络课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，该课程共有2个形考任务，针对该门课程，本人汇总了该科所有的题，形成一个完整的标准题库，并且以后会不断更新，对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。
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课程成绩按百分制计分，各章exercise测验占70%，计分学习活动占20％，网上学习表现占10%。
三项成绩都有且总分达到60分及以上，方可获得课程学分。
形考任务一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary skills（3 points）Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)1.the bus or subway2.proof of completion of courses of students3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6.the points or grade a student gets on a test答案：II. Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned tofrustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. "I felt like I couldn't accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn't get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me." Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn't realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. "I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I'm doing. In fact, it's really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to."B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn't always have such an easy time studying in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn't actually learning anything." Yoshi's reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn't participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. "I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style."C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter）题目27. an explanation of culture shock选择一项：C. C题目38. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选择一项：D. D题目49. the experience of an international student in the United States选择一项：B. B题目510. the experience of an international student in China选择一项：A. AChapter 2 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each)1.kinds of extreme weather2.Earth’s natural materials and gases3. diseases or health disorders4. seasons of the year5. natural areas or regions of the earth答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain--but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. "I soon realized that what I thought was just the 'winter blues' was something more extreme than that." Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目26. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because选择一项：B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder题目37. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目48. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：A. ancient times题目59. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better.选择一项：A. do light therapy题目610. This passage talks about_____.选择一项：B. Both A and B.Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food d oesn’t have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving o f fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,that’s stilla much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada.There’s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and don’t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you won’t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when you’re full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full.题目11.What is the main idea of this article ?________选择一项：C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant题目22.A small hamburger and small firies has __________选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.题目33.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are________选择一项：D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目44.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_________选择一项：C. have a lot of fat and calories.题目55. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_______选择一项：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each)题目6changes damaging losing global availableThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each)1.make sense2.pedestrians3.vehicle4.teenager5.fine答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)These days, it’s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don’t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don’t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like and can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest® uses data (informatio n) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other”.MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost.题目26.What is the main idea of this article?选择一项：C. How mapping websites work.题目37.According to the article, MapQuest®______选择一项：D. starting by selling paper maps.题目48.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is_______选择一项：D. look at all possible paths.题目59.When it’s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses ________选择一项：C. freeways instead of dirt roads.题目610. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest® considers _________选择一项：D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )题目11. What are the definitions of the two main types of families?选择一项：D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.题目22. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?选择一项：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States. 题目33. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?选择一项：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financi al problems and women didn’t have to work away from home.题目44. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades?选择一项：D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.题目55. What will families be like in the future?选择一项：B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6living extended category typical believeThe Family of the FutureMany people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7typica l than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways.Chapter 6 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. （0.4 points each）题目11. Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too. What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences?选择一项：D. the form and plan of buildings and other structures题目22. Perhaps the real beginning of civilization—with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions—was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 选择一项：C. culture题目33. The cultural legacy of ancient Chinese and Indian peoples included walled cities, the first governments, tools for work, and weapons for protection. odern peoples built on this legacy.What is a possible explanationof the word legacy?选择一项：A. ideas and achievements passed from earlier generations to modern society题目44. “For me, the idea of ancient culture creates a contradiction in definitions,” said Karen, going against Mei’s views. “Only modern things can be part of culture.Of course, people that li ke classical art and music will contradict me.”What might the noun contradiction mean?选择一项：A. the opposition of two opinions题目55. Because of the worldwide media—movies, TV, CDs, the Internet, newspapers, magazines—everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, and enjoys the same jokes.How might you define the phrase the media?选择一项：A. the combination of visual, sound, and printed ways to send ideas around the worldII.Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False. （1 point each）题目6Many visitors to different countries don’t realize how important it is to understand a country’s culture. Sometimes people learn this lesson by making a big cross-cultural blunder, or embarrassing mistake. In business situations, these blunders can cost a lot of money or end business relationships.6.It is important to understand other people’s cultures before you do business with them.选择一项：B. T题目7For example, one company wanted to sell toothpaste in Southeast Asia. In their advertisements, they claimed that their toothpaste whitens teeth. They didn’t understand that many of the local people chewed betel nuts to make their teeth black, and that these people thought black teeth were attractive.7. The toothpaste company probably kept using the same advertisement in Southeast Asia.选择一项：题目8In an other case, a car company tried to sell a car called “Matador” in a Spanish-speaking country. The company thought that it was a strong name because it means “bullfighter”. In Spanish, matador is indeed a noun meaning “bullfighter”. But it is also an adjective meaning “killing”. Imagine driving around in a car called “Killing”!8. The car company that tried to sell a car to a Spanish-speaking country probably didn’t sell many Matador cars in that country.选择一项：B. T题目9A European businessman had an important meeting with a company in Taiwan. He wanted to bring gifts for the people he was meeting with. He thought that something with his company’s logo on it would be a nice gift. So he bought some very nice pocket knives a nd had his company’s logo printed on them. He didn’t know that giving a knife as a gift symbolizes cutting off a friendship!9. The European businessman probably researches new cultures before he visits them now.选择一项：A. T题目10It’s very easy to make blunders like these people did. But it’s also very easy not to. Before you visit a new country, research that country’s customs and etiquette (social rules for polite behavior). You can find a lot of information online. Just go to a search engine and type in key words like “cross-cultural etiquette” or “cultural information Taiwan”. By spending a few minutes doing research, you can save yourself from a lot of embarrassment and make sure you don’t accidentally offend anyone.10. What you can disagree with people to save yourself from making cross-cultural blunders.选择一项：B. FChapter 7 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet. (1 point each)题目1For instance, a doctor doesn’t always have time to thoroughly explain an illness. In these cases, the Internet1. One benefit of using the Internet as a medical resource is it has a lot of information about illnesses and diseases.选择一项：B. T题目2For example, some websites claim that sniffing (smelling) a newspaper can cure nausea (the feeling of being sick to your stomach and wanting to vomit).2. One possible remedy for nausea is drinking a lot of tea.选择一项：B. F题目3Other websites suggest that a person with a cold should keep a piece of raw garlic in his or her mouth all day and bite down on it every few minutes to release the juice. People with smelly feet are told to soak their feet in tea for half an hour.3. The websites remedies might be unpleasant or odd, but they probably will cause harm. And who knows? They might actually be unhelpful.选择一项：A. F题目4An herbal remedy for helping your memory may also be a blood thinner. So if your doctor prescribed (put you on) a blood thinner and you start taking this herb without asking your doctor about it, a simple cut could be deadly; you might not be able to stop bleeding.4. A person who is taking a prescribed drug should probably talk to the doctor before taking an herbal remedy.选择一项：B. T题目5The bottom line is this: be careful when using the Internet as a health resource. Use it to find information that you can discuss with your doctor. But don’t spend a lot of money on “miracle cures”.5. The best way to use the Internet as a medical resource is to read about your illness and discuss what you find out with your doctor.选择一项：II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6disease substance classification prevent figureIn a small-town farm market, hundreds of elderly people drink a glass of sour dark cherry juice every day. These happy senior citizens, some of them over the age of 90, claim that the natural fruit juice cures—or at least decreases—the pain of their arthritis, a 6 disease of the joints of the aging body. It’s a folk remedy, not a proven medical therapy. Nevertheless, science is beginning to 7 figure out why sour cherry juice might work to improve the health of patients with arthritis. The secret is in the 8 substance that gives the cherries their dark red color. It belongs to a 9 classification of natural nutrients that color blueberries, strawberries, plums, and other fruits—and vegetables too. Moreover, these coloring substances may help to 10 prevent serious health disorders like heart disease and cancer. In other words, vitamins and fiber ar e not the only reasons to eat fruits and vegetables. “To take advantage of natural whole foods,” advise nutritionists.Chapter 8 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. ( 0.4 points each) 题目11.At all hours, the media offer language learners “real-life” audio visual instruction and practice in aural comprehension.选择一项：B. understanding spoken language题目22. High-quality TV programming —a good plan of shows about various fields of study—can increase people’s knowledge and improve their thinking abilities.选择一项：D. choice and organization of shows题目33. Television and video provide almost everyone with good entertainment—a pleasant way to relax and spend free time at home.选择一项：A. amusement or pleasure4. Images of violence on the screen scare people, giving them terrible nightmares when they sleep.选择一项：D. behavior that hurts people题目55. The talk shows of “trash TV” make instant “stars” of real people with strange or immoral ideas, who tell their most personal secrets, shout angrily, and attack one another.选择一项：C. shows without qualityII. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following sentences by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)AEveryone makes mistakes, or so the saying goes. But have you ever heard about mistakes in Hollywood? When most people think of Hollywood, they think of blockbusters (very successful movies), high-paid actors, glitz, and glamour. But according to one Website, many Hollywood movies are full of mistakes. Some are technical errors. For instance, in a scene of the science-fiction adventure film The Matrix, when the main character steps out of his car, the viewer can clearly see the camera crew in the car window. In another scene, the same character is typing on his computer, yet the computer screen is blank. Other movie mistakes are historical. For example, the epic Gladiator, an Oscar winner, is known for having lots of historical errors. Throughout the movie, the gladiator Maximus refers to his home in Spain, and the other characters call him "the Spaniard." However, in 180 A.D., when the movie takes place, Spain as a country or even as a concept didn't exist yet. At another point in the movie, Maximus says that his homeland of Spain has "the best horses." But horses weren't brought to the Iberian Peninsula until the invasion of the Moors (North Africans) in 711 A.D, more than 500 years after the movie takes place. The historical drama Titanic, another Oscar winner, also has its share of historical blunders. The Titanic sunk in the year 1912. So why is one of the characters wearing a digital watch? In fact, movie watchers have found over 100 mistakes in The Matrix, Gladiator, and Titanic. Can you think of any errors in your favorite films?BHow susceptible are you to advertising? Has a TV commercial or magazine ad ever made you buy the product that was advertised? If so, perhaps you have been subjected to subliminal advertising. Subliminal advertising is a kind of advertising that appeals to the subconscious. The word "subliminal" comes from the Latin "sub" meaning "lower," "beneath," or "under," and "limen" meaning "threshold," (the level at which something begins to happen). Thus, subliminal advertising stimulates your brain at a level below conscious perception. You。
chapter 1 课后答案
新编语言学教程chapter 1课后答案Introduction1. Define the following terms briefly.(1) Linguistics: the scientific or systematic study of language.(2) Language: a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(3) Arbitrariness: the absence of similarity between the form of a linguistic sign and what it relates to in reality, e.g. the word dog does not look like a dog.(4) Duality: the way meaningless elements of language at one level (sounds and letters) combine to form meaningful units (words) at another level.(5) Competence: knowledge of the grammar of a language as a formal abstraction and distinct from the behavior of actual language use, i.e. performance.(6) Performance: Chomsky’s term for actual language behavior as distinct from the knowledge that underlies it, or competence.(7) Stylistics: the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistic features.(8) Aphetic communion: Language is used to establish an atmosphere or maintain social contact between the speaker and the hearer.(9) Functionalism: the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communication.(10) Formalism: the study of the abstract forms of language and their internal relations.(11) Synchronic linguistics: the study of language and speech as they are used at a given moment and not in terms of how they have evolved over time.(12) Diachronic linguistics: the study of linguistic change over time in contrast to looking at language as it is used at a given moment.2. No, language is human-specific. Human language has seven design features, including arbitrariness, duality, productivity, interchangeability, displacement, specialization and cultural transmission. These features are found utterly lacking in dogs’ or pigs’ noises and thus set human language apart from animal cry systems.3. Arbitrariness refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. For example, for the same animal dog, in English we call it /do g/, in Chinese as “gou”, but “yilu” in Japanese; it barks wow wow in English but wang wang in Chinese. Of course,onomatopoetic words such as “quack-quack” and “bang” are exceptions, but words like these are relatively few compared with the total number of words in a language.4. A human baby does not speak any language at birth. What language the baby is going to speak is determined by the culture he is born into. A Chinese baby born and brought up in London by an English family will speak English, while an English child brought up in Beijing by a Chinese aunt will speak Chinese. That is to say, language cannot be transmitted through heredity. It is culturally transmitted.5. Firstly, linguistics describes languages and does not lay down rules of correctness while traditional grammar emphasizes correctness. Secondly, linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, while traditional grammar emphasizes the priority of the written language. Thirdly, traditional grammar is based on Latin and it tries to impose the Latin categories and structures on other languages, while linguisticsdescribes each language on its own merits.6. A descriptive approach attempts to tell what is in the language while the prescriptive approach tells people what should be in the language. Most modern linguistics is descriptive, whereas traditional grammars are prescriptive.7. Synchronic linguistics studies language at one particular time while diachronic linguistics studies language developments through time. Synchronic linguistics focuses on the state of language at any point in history while diachronic linguistics focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuries.8. No, human language has the design feature of specialization. It refers to the fact that man does not have a total physical involvement in the act of communication. For example, a mother can tell a story to her child while slicing up a cake. However, wolves can only respond to a stimulus and is totally involved physically in the communication process. Thus, a wolf cannot have a language similar to men, even though it could express a thousand different emotions. Besides, the aspect of productivity also distinguishes human language from wolf’s postures.。
外研版高中英语必修一Unit1课后作业(二)
课后练习(二)Unit 1Section ⅢGrammar——英语基本句子结构Ⅰ.阅读理解AAge has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she's already got her master's degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational (鼓舞人心的) speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, a shelter for people who were forced to leave their homes due to the situations such as earthquakes, flood and other natural disasters.At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor's degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for leadership meetings.She doesn't stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took flights all the time. Her goal is to use it to determine whether pilots are dealing with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off—a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it's a mix of two of her interests.In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and In the Future aims to help business owners deal with trends. Her third book The Genius Race has a wider appeal. It is designed to help people to be geniuses in various areas of life.1．What can we know about Thessalonika from the passage?A．When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling.B．She gained her master's degree at the age of 11.C．She majored in science and technology.D．In 2013 she got her bachelor's degree through completing courses online.2．What is Thessalonika's next plan according to the passage?A．Majoring in aviation psychology.B．Making inspiring speeches for leadership meetings.C．Being active in her youth group.D．Writing another book to help people to be geniuses.3. Why does Thessalonika write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A．To help people to be geniuses.B．To give students a hand to complete college.C．To raise concern about psychology.D．To share her own experience with others.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A．The Story of ThessalonikaB．To Be a GeniusC．Three Published BooksD．HomeschoolingBWe all have some people whom we respect very much, like our family members, our friendsor our teachers.Respect often means different things to different people. There are several aspects that many people can agree on, though. For example, at its most basic level, respect means being kind and considerate (体贴的) to others.Respect can take many forms. Don't make fun of others. Put yourself in other people's shoes and think about how they feel. Remember the Golden Rule：treat others the same way you'd like to be treated.Respect is important because it sets the proper stage for all our human interactions (交流). Friendship, love, and even basic communication all must start with respect.Everyone wants to be respected. To get respect, though, you must also show respect for others. It's_always_a_two-way_street. You can't be impolite to others and expect respect in return.It's easy to show respect. Be polite. Look for the best in people rather than concentrating on their mistakes. Show compassion (同情) for others and try to put their interests before your own. Make others comfortable when they're uneasy. Help out whenever you can. When you pay it forward, amazing things can happen.And be respectful to everyone. The world is an unbelievably huge place filled with billions of people, each of whom is unique and special. And they all deserve your respect!Be careful, though. Not everyone will show you respect all the time. In fact, you'll probably see examples of impolite behavior each and every day. How you respond to impolite behavior, though, can make a huge difference.If you choose to respond to impolite behavior by acting rudely yourself, you'll gain nothing. You're only continuing the pattern (模式) of impolite behavior and setting a bad example. Instead, act respectfully and set a good example. Always acting respectfully might help others learn from your example!5．According to the Golden Rule, ________.A．you'd better walk in others' shoesB．you can't play jokes on other peopleC．you should pay attention to your feelingsD．the way you want to be treated depends on yourself6．What does the writer probably want to tell us by saying “It's always a two-way street” ?A．People should respect each other.B．It is always safe to walk in the street.C．Some leave and others come back.D．There is only one street to go across.7．What does the sixth paragraph mainly tell us?A．Where to find respect.B．How to correct mistakes.C．When to help others.D．How to show respect for others.8．According to the last paragraph, what should we do if someone is impolite to us?A．Show him/her true respect.B．Leave him/her alone.C．Be kind to him/her sometimes.D．Set a special example to him/her.Ⅱ.完形填空A couple of days ago, my 9-year-old son and I were shopping at a grocery store (食品杂货店). At the checkout, a mother was trying to understand her bill. She didn't have enough __1__ for her milk and cheese. The manager __2__ the items (商品) from her cart and carried them away to the fridge section.There had been __3__ when I myself didn't have money to buy groceries my family needed, but today was __4__. It was payday so there we stood in line with our groceries.I whispered to my son and told him to run and get the __5__ back with the items. He was confused. He didn't understand me. I was trying to do an act of kindness, but it went __6__.The lady left with her son and __7__ groceries than she had planned. I told the checkout guyto __8__ me for her milk and cheese and that we'd run to the parking lot and __9__ her up. He said “You'd do that？” and I said “Yes, I want to make sure they have what they __10__.”He quickly called the manager back. I paid for my items and hers and my son and I ran to the parking lot where we __11__ we would find the lady. But the mom and her son were __12__ and with them went my opportunity to gift these small but __13__ items.I felt __14__ for not speaking up and telling her what I wanted to do for her. If I had told her about it, I wouldn't have __15__ the chance of doing a good deed. Perhaps because of this our future acts will be delivered with speed, as it is intended and necessary for love and kindness.1．A.space B．moneyC．patience D．help2．A.counted B．addedC．removed D．replaced3．A.times B. reasonsC．ways D．stores4．A.free B．differentC．common D．familiar5．A.fridge B．motherC．partner D．manager6．A.wrong B．badC．crazy D．hungry7．A.cheaper B．heavierC．fewer D．larger8．A.reward B．searchC．pay D．charge9．A.pick B．catchC．cheer D．give10．A.need B．buyC．order D．lose11．A.proved B．doubtedC．remembered D．thought12．A.grateful B．unwillingC．gone D．tired13．A.necessary B．expensiveC．useless D．beautiful14．A.lucky B．frightenedC．terrible D．hopeless15．A.had B．missedC．welcomed D．refused详解答案（二）Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了北芝加哥的一位名叫Thessalonika的女孩的学习生涯以及她的天才成长之路。
半导体物理第1章和第3章作业答案(精)
Solutions To The Problems Of Semiconductor〔Part I〕 Solutions To The Problems Of Chapter 1st&3rd〔CEIE of HBU 席砺莼〕1－1．〔P32〕设晶格常数为a的一维晶格，导带极小值附近能量Ec〔k〕和价带极大值附近能量Ev〔k〕分别为：h2k2h2(k−k1)2h2k23h2k2+和Ev(k)= －； Ec(k)=3m0m06m0m0m0为电子惯性质量，k1＝1/2a；a＝0.314nm。
试求：①禁带宽度；②导带底电子有效质量；③价带顶电子有效质量；④价带顶电子跃迁到导带底时准动量的变化。
[解] ①禁带宽度Eg 22(k−k1)22kdEc(k)根据＝＋＝0；可求出对应导带能量极小值Emin的km03m0dk值：kmin＝k1，由题中EC式可得：Emin＝EC(K)|k=kmin=2k1； 4m034由题中EV式可看出，对应价带能量极大值Emax的k值为：kmax＝0；2k122k12h2；∴Eg＝Emin－Emax＝＝并且Emin＝EV(k)|k=kmax＝12m06m048m0a2(6.62×10−27)2＝0.64eV ＝−28−82−1148×9.1×10×(3.14×10)×1.6×10②导带底电子有效质量mn2d2EC222h28232dEC=+=；∴ m=m0 n＝/223m0m03m08dkdk③价带顶电子有效质量m’2d2EV162'2dEV=−，∴==−m/m0 n6m0dk2dk2④准动量的改变量1－2．〔P33〕晶格常数为0.25nm的一维晶格，当外加102V/m，107V/m的电场时，试分别计算电子自能带底运动到能带顶所需的时间。
133h△k＝(kmin-kmax)= k1= [毕] 48aSolutions To The Problems Of Semiconductor〔Part I〕 [解] 设电场强度为E，∵F=h∴t=∫0dt=∫t12a0hdk=qE〔取绝对值〕∴dt=dtqEdk；E＝107V/m时，t＝8.3×1013当E＝102 V/m时，t＝8.3×108〔s〕〔s〕。
数字逻辑第一章作业答案answer for chapter1 homework and exercise_2009 OK
4．写出下列数的原码、反码、补码。 （1）+1001；（2）-1001；（3）+0.1001；（4）-0.1001；（5）+0000；（6）-0000。 答：
原码 反码 补码
+1001 01001 01001 01001
-1001 11001 10110 10111
+0.1001 0.1001 0.1001 0.1001
④ 01111101.10011000
3．在下列 ASCII 字符中，最大的字符是（ ② ）。
①“A” ②“z”
③“9”
④“0”
4．在下列 ASCII 字符中，最小的字符是（ ④ ）。
①“A” ②“z”
③“9”
④“0”
④ 1100011.11
3）简答题和计算题
1．常用的二-十进制编码有哪些？为什么说用 4 位二进制代码对十进制数的 10 个数字信号进行编码的方案有很多？
解：由于 21+18 和-21-18 的绝对值为 39，所以必须用有效数字为 6 位的二 进制数才能表示，再加上 1 位符号位，则采用 7 位的二进制补码进行运算。
+21
0 010101
+18
0 010010
+39
0 100111
+21
0 010101
-18
1 101110
+3
(1) 0 000011
1
（3） 首位为 1，知真值为负，将末位减 1，再对除符号位的其他位取反， 故真值 X=-1001。
6．采用二进制补码求 21+18、21-18、-21+18、-21-18。要求有分析过程， 并列出采用十进制数和二进制补码进行运算的各算式。求得的（-21+18）10的补 码是多少？你是怎样验证结果是否正确的？
电子商务（英文版）课后作业及答案
电子商务(英文版)课后作业及答案Chapter1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce1、One definition ：Electronic CommerceThe The electronic electronic electronic commerce commerce commerce is is is used used used in in in its its its broadest broadest broadest sense sense sense and and and includes includes includes all all business activities that use Internet technologies. 2、Three important thinking points ：Business Models, Revenue Models, Business ProcessBusiness Business model model model is is is a a a set set set of of of processes processes processes that that that combine combine combine to to to achieve achieve achieve a a a company’s company’s primary goal which is typical to yield a profit. Revenue Models is a specific collection of business processes used to identify customers, market to those customers, and generate sales to those customers. The idea is helpful for classifying revenue-generating activities for communication and analysis purposes. Business processes include purchasing raw materials or goods for resale, converting materials and labor into finished goods, managing transportation and logistics, hiring and training employees, managing the finances of the business, and many other activities.3、Three theoretical points: Value chains, Strategic alliance and SWOTValue chains is a way of organizing the activities that each strategic business unit undertakes to unit undertakes to design, produce, design, produce, promote, market, deliver, and support the products or service it sells. Strategic alliance is the relationship that companies coordinate their strategies, resources, and skill sets by forming long-term, stable relation with other companies and individuals based on shared purpose. SWOT analysis is including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It’s It’s one one one popular popular popular technique technique for for analyzing analyzing analyzing and and and evaluating evaluating evaluating business business business opportunities. opportunities. The analyst first looks into the business unit to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Then the analyst reviews the environment in which the business unit operates and identifies opportunities presented by that environment and the threats posed by environment. Chapter2 Technology I nfrastructure: Infrastructure: T heThe Internet and the World Wide Web 1、P92 Review Questions 5P57 P57 Intranet Intranet Intranet and and and Internet Internet Internet compared, compared, compared, it it it can can can be be be said said said that that that the the the Internet Internet Internet is is is a a worldwide network and intranet is the implementation of Internet technology in the in-house, it can with little cost and time will enterprise internal information from from a a a large large large number number number of of of resources, resources, resources, reasonable reasonable reasonable transfer transfer transfer to to to everyone. everyone. everyone. Intranet Intranet Intranet for for enterprise provides a can make full use of the communication lines, economic and effective effective to to to establish establish establish intranet intranet intranet scheme scheme scheme and and and Intranet Intranet Intranet applications, applications, applications, enterprises enterprises enterprises can can effectively carry on financial management, supply chain management, inventory management, customer relationship management and so on. Chapter3 Selling o non the Web: Revenue Models and Building a Web Presence P174 Review Questions 3P158 Channel Channel conflict conflict conflict refers to refers to the activities that a member of a channel channel is is engaged in or is not conducive to the organization to achieve its own goals, and then all kinds of contradictions and disputes. Distribution channel channel design is design is the channel members in different angles, different interests and different methods and so so on, on, on, under under under the the the influence influence influence of of of many many many factors; factors; factors; therefore, therefore, therefore, the the the channel channel channel conflict conflict conflict is is inevitable. To To resolve resolve resolve conflicts conflicts conflicts through through through persuasion persuasion persuasion is is is to to to use use use leadership. leadership. leadership. In In In essence, essence, persuasion persuasion is is is the opportunity to the opportunity to c ommunicate with the channel communicate with the channel members of the conflict, which emphasizes the influence of the behavior rather than the information sharing, but also in order to reduce the conflict caused by the division of labor. The goal of the negotiation is to stop the conflict between members. Compromise may avoid conflict, but it can't solve the root cause of the conflict. exist, it will eventually lead to conflict. In As long as the pressure continues to fact, negotiation is a method of channel members to bargain. In the course of the negotiations, each member will give up some things to avoid the conflict, but the use of negotiation or persuasion to see members of the communication skills. In fact, when the conflict is resolved by the above method, each member needs to form an independent strategy to ensure that the problem can be solved. Chapter4 Marketing on the Web1、Two Market Strategies (Web Market Segmentation)4Cs of MarketingAimed at consumer demand. We must first understand (NEED CONSUMER'S) A imed at consumer demand. We must first understand study and analyze the needs and desires of consumers, rather than to consider what companies can produce products. (COST) The cost that the consumer is willing to pay. First of all, we should understand consumers to meet the needs and desires are willing to pay much money, rather than to make the price of the product, that is, to the consumers to how much money. (CONVENIENCE) Consumer convenience. Products should be taken into account how to facilitate the use of consumers. (COMMUNICATION) Communication with consumers. To the consumer as the center of the implementation of marketing communication is very important, through interaction, communication and other means, the enterprise internal and external marketing integration, the customers and the interests of both sides of the enterprise together.4Ps of MarketingPRODUCT: pay attention to the development of the functional requirements of the product has a unique selling point, the functional requirements of the product in the first place. PRICE: according to the different market positioning, the development of different pricing strategies, product pricing is based on the company's brand strategy, focusing on the gold content of the brand. (PLACE)Distribution: enterprises do not directly to consumers, but to pay attention to the cultivation of the dealer and the establishment of sales network, business and consumer contact is through the distributors to carry out. PROMOTION: enterprises focus on changing the sales behavior to stimulate the consumer, in order to promote the growth of consumer spending in the short term, to attract other brands of consumers or lead to advance consumption to promote sales growth. Market SegmentationNetwork market segmentation refers to enterprises on the basis of investigation and study, according to the network consumer desire to buy, purchase motivation and habits of different, the network marketing is divided into different types of groups, each consumer group constitutes the enterprise of a market segment. Funnel modelThe five tier of the funnel corresponds to each link of the enterprise's search marketing, which reflects the number and loss of customers from the display, click, access, and consultation until the order process is generated. From the maximum amount of the show to the minimum order quantity, this layer of the process of narrowing that there are customers for a variety of reasons to leave, to lose interest in the business or to give up. 2、Several Market TechniquesWeb AdvertisementsWeb Advertisement typesW eb advertising (including Banner, Button, huge vertical edges, etc.) Text link advertising Email advertising Button advertising Sponsorship Advertising combined with content Interstitial ads Home page advertisement Keyword advertising E-mail MarketingIt is a kind of network marketing means to transfer value information to target users through email, under the premise of user's prior permission. Email marketing has three basic elements: user license, e-mail delivery of information, information on the value of the user. Three factors, the lack of a, can not be called effective Email marketing. Email marketing is a direct way to communicate with customers by e-mail. At the same time, it is also widely used in the field of network marketing. E-mail marketing is one of the oldest online marketing practices, it can be said that email marketing than the vast majority of Web site promotion and Internet marketing practices are to be old. Technology-enabled customer relationshipClickstreamClick stream analysisClick stream the concept of pay more attention to the users browse the web site of the entire process, the web log records the user clicks as is figure of "point", and click stream is more like the "point" string together to form the "line." Can also be the point that is the site of the Page, and the line is to visit the site of the Session. So click on the flow of data is collected by the site log, which can contain more information than the web site log, so as to make the results based on click stream data more abundant and efficient. Searching engine positioning and domain names promotionpaid search engine placementIt is through the search engine optimization, search engine rankings and research key words popularity and relevance in the search engine results page to obtain a higher ranking of marketing tools. Search engine optimization of website ranking is very important, because search engine in by crawler or spider) program to collect web data, according to the complex algorithm (each search engine ranking algorithm and method is not the same) to determine the page for a search term correlation and decide the ranking of. When the customer in the search engine to find related products or services, it is through the professional search engine optimization page usually can get a higher ranking. 3、Online brandingAffiliate marketing 关联营销Affiliate marketing is a built in mutually beneficial mutual benefit based on marketing, in cross marketing (cross marketing is refers to the time, money, ideas, activities or presentation space resources integration, for any business to provide a channel for the low cost and to contact more potential customers a marketing method) based on, will be what things, products and brand marketing for relevance, to achieve deep multi guide. At the same time, the related marketing is also a new, low-cost, enterprise in the website to improve the income of marketing methods. Affiliate marketing is sometimes called tying marketing, the current association of sales in many stores have started to use the. Viral Marketing Strategies 病毒营销Viral marketing is refers to the through similar pathology and computer virus transmission modes, namely self-replicating viral propagation process, using existing social networks to enhance brand awareness or to other marketing purposes. Viral marketing is started by the information source, relying on user spontaneous word-of-mouth publicity; achieve a fast roll snowball communication effect. It describes a information transfer strategy, economics known for viral marketing, because this strategy like a virus, transmit information to thousands, hundreds of audience by rapid replication. 。
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第一章
1、什么是数据库？
答：数据库是按照一定的数据模型组织的、长期存储在计算机内，可为多个用户共享的、由数据库管理系统统一管理和控制的数据的集合。
2、什么是数据独立性？数据库系统如何实现数据独立性？
答：数据独立性是指应用程序和数据之间相互独立、互不影响，及数据结构的修改不会引起应用程序的修。
数据独立性包括物理独立性和逻辑独立性。
物理独立性是指数据库物理结构的变化时不必修改现有的应用程序。
逻辑独立性是指数据库逻辑结构变化时不需要改变应用程序。
数据独立性是由DBMS的三级模式和二级映像来实现的。
数据库系统通常采用外模式、模式和内模式三级结构，数据库管理系统在这三级模式之间提供了外模式/模式和模式/内模式两层映像。
当整个系统要求改变模式时，由DBMS对各个外模式/模式映像作相应的修改，使外模式保持不变，从而使基于外模式的应用程序保持不变，从而保证了数据的逻辑独立性。
当数据的存储结构改变时，由DBMS对模式/内模式映像进行修改，可以使模式保持不变，从而使应用程序也不必改变，保证了数据的物理独立性。
3、简述数据库管理员的职责；
答：模式定义：DBA通过用DDL书写的一系列定义来创造最初的数据库模式。
存储结构机存取方式定义；模式及物理组织的修改：由DBA对模式及物理组织进行修改，以反映组织的需求变化，或者为提高性能选择不同的物理组织；数据访问授权：通过授予不同的权限，DBA可以规定不同的用户各自可以访问的数据库的部分；日常维护：定期备份数据库、确保正常运转时所需的空余磁盘空间、监视数据库的运行。
4、简述数据库系统三级模式结构及其同数据独立性之间的关系。
答：为了提高数据的物理独立性和逻辑独立性，使数据库的用户观点，即用户看到的数据库，与数据库的物理方面，即实际存储的数据库区分开来，数据库系统的模式是分级的，美国数据系统语言协商会）提出模式、外模式、存储模式三级模式的概念。
三级模式之间有两级映象；存储结构改变时，修改模式/内模式映象，使模式保持不变，从而应用程序可以保持不变，称为数据的物理独立性；当模式改变时，修改外模式/模式映象，使外模式保持不变，从而应用程序可以保持不变，称为数据的逻辑独立性
5、什么是DBMS？
答：系统软件，对数据库进行统一管理和控制
6、试述ER模型、层次模型、网状模型、关系模型和面向对象模型的主要特点。
答：ER模型直接表示实体类型及实体间联系，与计算机系统无关，充分反映用户的需求，用户容易理解。
层次模型的数据结构为树结构，记录之间联系通过指针实现，查询较快，但DML属于过程化的，操作复杂。
网状模型的数据结构为有向图，记录之间联系通过指针实现，查询较快，并且容易实现M:N联系，但DML属于过程化的语言，编程较复杂。
关系模型的数据结构为二维表格，容易为初学者理解。
记录之间联系通过关键码实现。
DML属于非过程化语言，编程较简单。
面向对象模型能完整描述现实世界的数据结构，具有丰富的表达能力，能表达嵌套、递归的数据结构。
但涉及的知识面较广，用户较难理解。