减少列车运行阻力的技术探析

摘要

铁路运输系统是我国交通运输系统的重要组成部分。随着我国国民经济和社会发展对铁路运输的需要，特别是在我国社会主义市场经济不断发展的条件下，人民生活水平日益提髙，运输市场需求不断加大，铁路建设远远不能满足需求增长的速度。为了适应社会主义市场经济发展的需求，必须要有充足的运力作保证，扩大运能，提高经济效益和社会效益。

本论文依据我国铁路的现状和特点，通过对运行阻力的研究，分析影响和限制运行阻力的因素并对这些影响因素进行定量的分析和计算，阐述了有关于铁路运输设备的不足给运输带来的影响，找出铁路能力薄弱的环节以寻找加强通过能力的方法。

在此基础上，研究了多种提高运行能力的方法，介绍并对比这些方法的优劣及对提高铁路运行能力的普遍适用性。主要从基本阻力和附加阻力两方面研究，提高行车速度又以减小空气阻力为主。详细分析铁路在特殊的条件下提高牵引质量的空间和可行性，以及国内国外铁路的发展和研究成果对比。然后，将各种减小阻力方法进行比较，得出它们在特定条件下的优劣排序以及彼此间的兼容性。

最后做出分析，通过将减少空气阻力的方法应用在新建铁路以及实际生产生活中。希望本论文能够为我过的铁路建设提供帮助。

关键词：铁路运行阻力机械阻力空气阻力运行能力

ABSTRACT

Railway was the important constituent of transportation system in our country.As the developing of society and economic in China, especially under the condition that our country socialist market economy is continuously developing, standard of living is improving for people day by day, and need for Transport market is increasing constantly. Railway construction can not reach the need of demand growth.In order to fit requirement of socialist market economy development, we have adequate capacity as guarantee, expanding transport capacity, increasing economic efficiency and social benefit

Based on the current situation and characteristics of railway in our country, this thesis studys many ways of improving the carrying capacity, analyzs factors that effecting and restricting the trafficability and gives quantitative is for them. It expounds the lacks of transportation facilities for railway and find out spare links of mountain railway to seek suitable method which can rais carrying capacity effectively.

Than, some methods of improving trafficability are studied, mainly from two fields that improving the quality of traction and rate of traffic flow, enhancing the rate of traffic flow focused on using the single track automatic block system primarily. A detailed analysis is given which is of feasibility and space of improving the quality of traction under the railway special conditions, as well as influence of single track automatic block on line capacity, train stations and travel speed.

Then, we can get the rank ordering of quality for them under specific conditions, as well as the sort of compatibility with each other.

Finally, taking the DaRui line for example, the article analyzes the methods of increase the capacity used in the new line, proves feasibility and necessity of them and Attempts to provide theoretical references for new line and expanding and rebuilding capability of railway in the future.

Keywords: railway; carrying capacity; transportation facilities ；quality of traction；single track automatic block