集成电路的发展现状与趋势英文版

The present situation and developing tendency ofintegrated circuitLiu ChenLang Fang Teacher’s UniversityMathematics and Information Science CollegeInformation EngineeringAbstract: The thesis demonstrates the current technology of IC industry and the influence of IC to the world, and it also discusses the problems IC has encountered and the corresponding solutions. According to the problems and solutions, I synthetically expound the tendency of IC in size, material and technology. At the end of the thesis, I conclude the current situation of IC and express my expectation of future development of IC.Key Words: integrated circuit, current situation, and tendencyⅠ. IntroductionIntegrated circuit and software are the basis and center of economic development in the information society. Nowadays, information industry based on integrated circuit has exceeded the traditional industry which is represented by car, petroleum and steel. Therefore, IC industry has become the powerful tool to transform the traditional industry and move towards the digital times. IC is the leading industry of the national economy and social development. It has very strong innovation and integration, and has already penetrated into daily life, production and all aspects of national defense security. The world's major countries and regions have regarded the development of the integrated circuit industry as an important means to enhance the comprehensive national strength, economic development and national security. As the focus of today's world economic competition, integrated circuit with independent intellectual property rights has become the lifeblood of economic development and international competition.Ⅱ. The current situation of the overseas development of IC1. The development of ICIn the first half of the twenty-first century, the mainstream of microelectronic technology is silicon CMOS technology whose size is shrinking. The development of IC technology in today’s world has entered into the nanometer era, and continues to develop depth. Today, 45nm technologies have entered the practical stage; and the development of 32nm and 22nm technology has also made gratifying achievements. In addition, the key technology in IC technology –immersion lithography and extreme ultraviolet lithography has used 45nm chip lithography; what’s more, neon imprint lithography technology has also made progress. Long term of investment in scientific research makes people understand the IC process thoroughly. This is the precious wealth of knowledge.In 2006, the minimum feature size of system on chip integrated chip reached 0.09 μm, the integration of chip reached 200000000 transistors, the chip had the area of 520 mm, metal wire of 7 ~ 8 layers, pin number 4000, a voltage of 0.9 ~ 1.2 V, operating frequencyof 2 ~ 2.5 GHz, the power of 160 watts. By 2010, it had increased to 0.07 μm. Silicon IC wafer’s diameter had turned to more than 400nm in 2006 ~ 2010.From the 1990s to now, communication and computer occupy the 2/3 demand of world semiconductor. Among them, the communication growing is the fastest. Information technology is changing and influencing our life. Information technology has improved the entrepreneurial competitiveness and become a new driving force for the growth of the world economy. The development of IC industry is the results of the prompt of market and technology. The fundamental vitality IC lies in its high volume, low cost and high reliable production.With the development of science and technology, IC’s share in the electronic product sales increases year by year. At present, the application of an integrated circuit in a complete machine, computer is the first, communication is the second, third is the consumer electronics. In order to complete system on a chip, there will be various compatible technologies in the future.At present, USA, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are the leaders of IC industry in today's world, and USA, Japan and European countries occupy the upper industrial chain and master the design, production, equipment and other core technologies. As the market demanding for product information increases, especially for the communication, computer and the Internet, electronic commerce, digital audio-visual and other electronic products, the world IC market will be in a high-speed growth.In next few years, integrated circuit technology will move towards the directions of "Moore's law "and "more than Moore". Moore's law will continue to promote the technology and product upgrading through narrowing size of the features after 28nm, and its representative products are processor, memory and logic devices. ‘More than Moore's law achieves the combination of integration functions and diversity of product mainly through various 3D package, system in package and other means, and its representative products are analog, power device, sensor and so on.2. Effect of integrated circuit development in the worldInformation technology improves the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time; it has become a new driving force for the growth of the world economy. Beginning at the end of 80s, personal computer becomes a strong force of semiconductor demand. So far, PC has still driven the demand of these misconduct and product. In 2004, the Asia-Pacific region became the world's largest semiconductor market, and the main driving force is the growth of domestic demand and the rapid growth in China which are the world's place of production. Production of electronic terminal product will continue to transfer from Japan and other parts of Asia to China.Over the years, the IC industry has developed 3 -- 4 times faster than the growth rate of the national economy, and new technology and new products continue to emerge. At present, integrated circuit production has entered into the nanometer era. In the world, a plurality of 90nm, 12 inch production lines are used into large-scale production, production technology has been basically formed based on the 70-65nm level line. At present, the number of the monolithic integrated circuit chip of the world's highest level has reached about 8,000,000,000.Integrated circuit products are characterized by the monopoly of the Multi-NationalCorporation in the global industrial organization. Therefore only with highly international market being the basis, the enterprises can gain advantage of economies of scale in production and sales, the global market expansion and research and development are also complementary to each other.Ⅲ. Development status of domestic integrated circuit3.1 The development of integrated circuitsChina has gained rapid development in the integrated circuit industry in recent years, and the competitiveness of ascendant enterprises started to appear. In recent years, IC production lines in Chinese mainland increased rapidly, and increased by 16 in the period of ‘the 10th Five-Year Plan’and 20 in ‘the 11th Five-Year Plan’. The ratio of lines in large size was also rising. At present, there are nearly 50 chip manufacturing factories in the mainland, and there are seven enterprises with 200mm and 300mm pure chip foundry.In 2000-2012, Chinese IC industry and market got a fast development. The scale of the market tripled, and increased from 97,500,000,000 Yuan to 855,900,000,000 Yuan. Its growth is in the forefront in the world's major countries and regions. Since 2008, the designing process with high technology and advanced industry is developing rapidly, its proportion in the entire industry rose from less than 10% to 28% in 2012.At present, the IC industry in our country has formed a coordinated pattern including design, chip manufacturing and packaging and testing industry. The industrial zone including The Yangtze River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin region and the Pearl River Delta appeared. Driven by 3G network communication, digital home and flat-panel TV and other fields, Chinese IC market will maintain rapid growth. According to the plan of Ministry of information industry, the size of sales of the semiconductor industry in our country will reach 300000000000 Yuan, and we can occupy 8% of the world market, China will become one of the most important bases of manufacturing integrated circuit in the world.After 30 years of development, Chinese IC testing industry develops from small to large, from hardware development and software development to integrated system, from imitation to independence, and has formed a pattern which gives priority to professional institution and testing group and locates in top university, central and local research institutions.Although Chinese IC industry are not rich from both the quality and quantity, with the global industry shifting to eastern area, Chinese economy grow steadily, market demand is huge, and all kinds of talents are abundant and natural resources are rich, we can infer that Chinese IC industry, having all the advantages in a situation, will rise to become the world's new IC manufacturing center.3.2 The problems when developing ICIC production lines in mainland increased rapidly, but the major subject of investment is foreign transferring production line or Sino foreign joint venture cooperation, not the state-owned holding. Strategic Support involving national security is missing. There are problems in the coordination of various sectors of the industry chain; the major obstacle refers to the loss of a reasonable layout in the layout of various sectors of the industry chain.In the early development period of the industry, the integrated circuit industry and supporting industry have not developed very well because of the weak foundation and the imbalance of regional development, as a result, efficiency was low, and cost of the enterprise is high. Innovation alliance, the efficiency of official cooperative research and development system is not high, and this is another major factor restricting the rapid development of Chinese IC industry.There is a serious discrepancy between Chinese IC applied industry and IC industry chain, as a result, a large number of CI products are over capacity, but the marketing necessary products lack, so we must rely on imported products. Because there are big problems in the development of IC technology, the small and medium-sized enterprises in the global IC industry development with many difficulties, and it is difficult to obtain quick development in the short term.The development of Chinese testing industry is relatively backward, it is not only trail the developed countries, but also cannot keep up with the development of IC industry in China, and restrict the development of the IC industry of our country to some degree. This problem has increasingly become a bottleneck for the development of IC industry in China.3.3 The development strategies of IC and policies of our countryTaking measures of plan and market parallel, integrating the resources of the domestic and international industrial chain, forming complementary advantages, we can innovate, integrate and build generalized IDM industrial alliance and realize the independent and reasonable IC industry chain layout and finally support the spanning development. Achieving high quality of the learning process and the reconstruction of the innovation system and running mechanism. We should have a full understanding of the regular pattern of the industrial development, and establish and improve effective supporting system of industrial development; we also should be far-sighted in planning the development of industry. Only when we provide support such as policy, infrastructure and industrial chain for the enterprise development, technology and capital introduction, can we promote the healthy development of Chinese IC industry. Finally, it is the base of effective operating system to improve the interactive efficiency between government, universities, research institutions and enterpriseUnder the goal of perfecting the integrated circuit industry chain, our country is in urgent need to establish and improve the industrial chain, especially to improve the productivity of high-end chip and get rid of the fact that high-end products are enslaved to the developed countries. According to the characteristics of the Chinese market and the diversity of product demand, we are supposed to create a mechanism of IC industrial innovation and development and improve the original innovation of technology and products and introduce, digest and absorb the ability of recreation.The development of integrated circuit industry in our country gets great attention from the government. Recently, the government issued special documents so as to give the political help to the IC industry. In terms of fiscal and taxation policy, IC designing enterprises engage in the integration of information system, consulting and maintaining operation and designing integrated circuit, etc, and they are exempted from business tax. In terms of investing and financing policies, local government set up the equity funds orventure capital fund for the development of IC enterprises. As to the policy in research and development, our government actively supports the major and key technical research and development of integrated circuits, and speeds up the industrialization and application of the technology with independent intellectual property.Ⅳ. The tendency of integrated circuit4.1 Size and modelAs the integrated methodology and micro fabrication technology continues to develop and be mature, as well as the enlargement of the application of integrated technology, integrated circuit will be of miniaturized, systematic and relevant. In the near future, the width of integrated electric line will continue to move forward following Moore's law, the chip of 22nm processes will expect the batch production next year, and the research and development of 14mm technologies have already begun. Integrated circuit products are numerous, although the process structures are various. The size will become smaller. For the processor, the future development will give priority to multi-core architecture, and new industry will also be moved towards 22nm. While in storage, smaller size and more advanced forms of packaging will be popular.4.2 Material and componentsIntegrated circuits get a rapid development with Si and CMOS being main stream, at the same time, new material, new structure and new devices appeared. Because of its rapid Fe2 RAM developed rapidly because of its fast speed, low consumption, non volatility, and long life and resistant to radiation. Sic, GaN and AlN has aroused extensive attention and become a research hotspot due to its wide band gap, high breakdown voltage, resistance to radiation, and their the hetero junction devices has the very good application prospect in high frequency, high temperature, high power,. Functional integration is the integration of RF, power control, passive components, and other functions in the aspects of chip, package and module. By 2019, it is predicted that we can develop new device which performance is better than CMOS device to improve the ability of the CMOS process.4.3 The overall trendIn the future, as the global economy gradually went out of the downturn, driven by mobile Internet market, the demand of integrated circuit products market increases obviously, and global IC industry is expected to be out of the trough gradually, and industry growth is rising gradually. Under the attention from our country, the glow of the domestic market and mobile intelligent terminal, cloud computing and other emerging markets, the vigor of the IC market gets more release and market demand gets further growth. The development of Micro fabrication technology and the expansion of the application field will lead to the development of a series of interdisciplinary and related technology.In the next few years, if the global economy does not fluctuate widely, the way of stable growth will be the tendency of Chinese integrated circuit market in the next few years, market growth over the next few years will remain at about 9%, the main driver of market development still mainly comes from the PC, mobile phone, LCD TV and other electronic products which have more productions. In addition, the future emergingapplication becomes one of the promoting factor, the development of Internet of things, cloud computing, new energy, semiconductor lighting, electronics, medical and security electronics and other emerging field will bring Chinese IC market new power, the new products such as MID, portable intelligent products, smart meters and energy control will have a bigger influence to the market. What’s more, these emerging electronic products will also promote the development of the semiconductor market to a certain extent.Ⅴ.ConclusionThe processing and manufacturing technology of IC is closely related to the special equipment, we can say that equipment, process, products are different from generation to the next generation. Constantly improves the cost performance is the power of the quick development of integrated circuit products. Clear border between the integrated circuit and system has been broken, integrated circuit not only become the foundation of modern industry and science and technology, but also has become the cornerstone of modern intelligence work in all professions and trades. Our country has become the second largest integrated circuit manufacturing country, but integrated circuit testing technology is relatively backward, and lacks the design capability of the high level of integrated circuit testing equipment.In the future, the development of microelectronics technology in China will step into rapid development period, integrated circuit combined with other disciplines and technologies, to form a new direction, new discipline or profession and change the traditional pattern of specialization. Through the innovation of technology and industrial developmental mode, the integrated circuit product performance will continue to improve, the price will continue to reduce, the application will continue to expand, and play a more important role in promoting the development of social economy in all aspects in the future.Reference1 Wang Yonggang. Trends and key technologies of integrated circuits [J], the application of electronic components, 2009,11 (1); 70-72.2 Feng Yalin, Zhang Shuping. IC status qua and development trend [J], Microelectronics, 2006,36 (2); 173-176.3 Wangsuo Zhu, Yang and. Ten Highlights foreign electronic information technology development [J]. Information Research, 2009,35 (9); 1-3.4. Radius, Xu Xiaotian. Status and trends in integrated circuit technology and industrial development [J]. Microelectronics, 2014,44 (1); 81-84.5 Du Huan, Shi Lei. Delete the challenges and opportunities of integrated circuit development [J]. And quality of goods, 2011.6 Wei Aria. 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