胶体与表面化学 试题

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一、是非题

1.表面超量的英文具体描述:

The surface excess of solute is that the number of moles of solute in the sample from the surface minus the number of moles of solute in the sample from the bulk under a condition of the same quantity of solvent or the surface excess of solvent has been chosen to be zero. 2.囊泡的形成途径:

The final surfactant structures we consider as models for biological membranes are vesicles. These are spherical or ellipsoidal particles formed by enclosing a volume of aqueous solution in a surfactant bilayer. Vesicles may be formed from synthetic surfactants as well. 3.絮凝与聚焦之间的区别: Coalescence :the process that many small particles take together to form a new big particle,total surface area of the dispersion system decreases.

Aggregation:the process by which small particles clump together like a bunch of grapes (an aggregate), but do not fuse into a new particle,total surface area of the dispersion system do not decrease as well.

4.胶束micelle :A monophasic, fluid, transparent, isotropic and thermodynamically stable system composed by surfactant and water, the particle has some linear dimension between 10-9-10-6m.

5.乳液emulsion :A multiphasic, no-transparent and thermodynamically unstable system composed by surfactant, cosurfactant, oil and water.

6.微乳液microemulsion :A monophasic, fluid, transparent, isotropic and thermodynamically stable system composed by surfactant, cosurfactant, oil and water.

7.囊泡vesicle :能不能直接从双联续制备转换过来?(√)

8.憎水溶胶 亲水溶胶 连续相与分散相有没有明显界限?(没有) 9.胶束体系的稳定性与哪些因素有关?与哪些因素无关? 10.瑞利散射:条件 粒子大小

11.表面吸附超量γ:物理意义 溶剂的量是不是都为零?(×)

12.TEM 、SEM 都需要把样品放入真空中,最后结果都可以表明原来分散度。(×) 13.在Langmuir 膜、LB 膜 单层 理想气体方程式 能否用理想气体关系式描述?(能) 二、多项选择题

1.表面吉布斯自由能:

The Gibbs equation:multicomponent systems γμAd dn

SdT V G i

i

++

=∑-dp

From Gibbs-Duhen equation:∑μi dn i =0 注:S

G G G G ++=β

α

∑+-+=i

i i n TS pV E G μ;

∑+-+=i

i i s s s n TS A E G μγ;

dA Ad d n dn SdT TdS Vdp pdV dE dG i

i

i

s

i

i

i

γγμμβ

α++++-++=∑∑∑)-(,,; dA Ad w d n dn dG pV nom s

i

i

i

i

i

i

γγδμμβ

α++++=∑∑∑)-SdT -(Vdp -,,;

γμμβ

αAd d n dn SdT Vdp dG i

i

i

s

i

i

i

+++=

∑∑∑)-(,,; ∑+=i

i i dn SdT Vdp dG μ-

2.几个半径之间的相互关系:

Martin Diameter≤Graticule Diameter,

Number Average Diameter(dn)

7.电镜的数值孔径: NA

n d 2sin 2λ

θ

λ

==

θsin n NA =(NA is called the numerical aperture of the lens.)

NA :临界参数,同一仪器该值为定值;θ:目镜与棱镜一级散射时的夹角 8.各种半径的相对大小:dn < ds < dv 9.AFM :原子力显微镜

10.稳态条件下扩散系数D 与阻力因子f 之间的关系: f

T

k D B =

(1)f 与粒子大小、形状、介质因素有关

(2)粒子为球形,r f πη6=浓度梯度越大,质点扩散越快; 就质点而言,半径越小,扩散能力越强。

(3)椭球:2

/112)(296⎥

⎦⎤

⎢⎣

⎡-=ρρηνπηf

11.第二维利系数:(分子量参数) Second vivid :2

21M

u

N B A =

(mol m 3 kg -2)其实质是代表介质中分子间作用力大小。(solute and solvent intercation )其反映一对分子间的相互作用造成的气体性质与理想气体的偏差。是联系气体的宏观热力学性质与微观分子力学参量的一条有效途径。它不仅在实用上可表示真实气体的状态,而且在理论上还可验证和发展分子作用势模型,确定分子力学参量,从而预测物质的其它宏观性质。

12.毛细管产生末端效应的原因:

A. 压力差≠0

B. 流速≠整个流体的均匀体积速度(√)

C. 通过每个界面的速度不等

D. ……不是一个常数

用毛细管粘度计测量粘度,要求流体通过上下刻度时,流速要一致。为保持流速一致,毛细管粘度计有两个相对较大的球,上面的一个球也要注入液体来消除上末端效应,保证流体

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