Chapter 4 Literature and Arts
大学公共英语系英语教材
大学公共英语系英语教材IntroductionThe English language has become a global communication tool, and proficiency in English is highly valued in various professional fields. As a result, the study of English at the university level has gained significant importance. This article aims to discuss the key aspects and requirements of English textbooks used in the English Department of a university.Chapter 1: Language Skills Development1.1 Listening SkillsA comprehensive English textbook for university students should include exercises and activities that focus on developing students' listening skills. It should provide a range of listening materials, such as dialogues, interviews, and lectures, to expose students to different accents and speech patterns. Exercises can include multiple-choice questions or note-taking tasks to improve students' ability to comprehend spoken English accurately.1.2 Speaking SkillsTo enhance students' speaking skills, the textbook should offer opportunities for students to engage in oral practice. It may include role-play activities, group discussions, and debates to encourage students to express their opinions and ideas confidently. The textbook should provide a balance between structured speaking exercises and authentic communication tasks to develop both accuracy and fluency in spoken English.1.3 Reading SkillsA well-structured English textbook should incorporate various reading materials, including articles, essays, and academic texts. It should expose students to different text types and genres to improve their reading comprehension and expand their vocabulary. Comprehension questions, vocabulary exercises, and critical thinking tasks can be included to enhance students' understanding of the texts.1.4 Writing SkillsIn terms of writing skills, the textbook should cover different types of writing, such as descriptive essays, argumentative essays, and formal letters. It should include clear guidelines on how to organize ideas, create coherent paragraphs, and develop persuasive arguments. Additionally, providing sample essays and offering opportunities for peer review can help students improve their writing proficiency.Chapter 2: Grammar and Vocabulary2.1 Grammar InstructionA comprehensive English textbook should include systematic grammar explanations accompanied by exercises that allow students to practice and reinforce their understanding of grammar rules. It is essential to present grammar points in a clear and concise manner, gradually progressing from basic to more complex structures.2.2 Vocabulary DevelopmentTo expand students' vocabulary, the textbook should provide a wide range of vocabulary exercises and activities. It can include contextualized vocabulary lists, word families, collocations, and idiomatic expressions.Additionally, incorporating authentic reading texts and listening materials can expose students to new words and phrases in a meaningful context.Chapter 3: Cultural Awareness3.1 Introduction to English-Speaking CountriesTo foster cultural awareness, the textbook should include sections on the customs, traditions, and history of English-speaking countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand. This content can help students understand cultural differences and develop their intercultural communication skills.3.2 Literature and ArtsIntegrating excerpts from English literature, poetry, or famous speeches can expose students to the rich cultural heritage of the English language. Discussing renowned English-speaking authors, artists, and their works can broaden students' knowledge of literature and arts and stimulate critical thinking.ConclusionA well-designed English textbook for university-level students should provide comprehensive coverage of language skills development, grammar, vocabulary, and cultural awareness. It should engage students through a variety of exercises and activities while fostering critical thinking and effective communication. By incorporating these elements, English textbooks can effectively assist students in achieving a high level of English proficiency.。
中国文化概论名词解释
中国文化概论Lunar calendarLunar calendar is a traditional Chinese calendar according to which a common year has 354 or 355days in total, 12months of 30days or 29days and a lunar leap year has 383 or 384 days in 13months. According to changes in the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 seasonal division points to facilitate farming. The years are designated by pairing items from the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches respectively so that 60 years from a cycle. It is said that the lunar calendar was created during the Xia Dynasty. Hence the term, Xiali, or Xia calendar.[The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. It is not exclusive to China, but followed by many other Asian cultures. It is often referred to as the Chinese calendar because it was first perfected by the Chinese around 500 BC.]MohismMohism, based on the teachings of Mo Zi, cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there would be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities. In politics and ethics Mohism advocates honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals. [Mohism was a Chinese philosophy developed by the followers of Mozi. It evolved at about the same time as Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism and was one of the four main philosophic schools during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.]The Book of SongsThe Book of Songs translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, or the Book of Odes, is the earliest existing collection of Chinese poems. It comprises 305 poems, from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period and is the best source for the daily lives, hopes, complaints and beliefs of ordinary people in the early Zhou period. The poems of Book of Songs have strict patterns in both rhyme and rhythm.In the light of rhythms, the works can be divided into three sections: Feng, Ya and Song, with the ya genre further divided into "small" and "large".Four treasures of the studyFour treasures of the study refer to the writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone. The name appears to originate in the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD). It is widely accepted that the best of each of these items is represented by the Hu brush, Hui ink stick, Xuan paper, and Duan ink stone, all being highly valued in both China and abroad.However, classical scholars had more than just the Four treasures in their studies. The other "Treasures" include the brush-holder (笔架), brush-hanger (笔挂), paperweights (镇纸), the brush-rinsing pot (笔洗), and the seal (图章) and seal-ink (印尼).Eight-part EssayDuring the Ming and Qing Dynasties, candidates of the imperial examinations were required to write essays in strict accordance with an eight-part form known for its rigidity of form and strict adherence to the ideology of the ruling class. New ideas were condemned. An essay in this style must consist of eight paragraphs, that is, Opening, Amplification, Preliminary exposition, Initial argument, Central argument, Latter argument, Final argument , Conclusion, and each paragraph must be written in a set form. Thus, the Eight-part Essay in the classical literary language of earlier eras became the major written genre of the time.The structure of much of the essay included heavy parallelism and redundancy, rhetorical features that survive in modern Chinese expository writing.Compass vehicle 航海贡献，东西方The compass vehicle was an ancient Chinese vehicle equipped with many gear wheels and a wooden figure that always pointed south no matter which direction the vehicle went. It’s an earlier and more primitive form of the compass, whose invention was firstly for Chinese to order and harmonize their environments and buildings in accordance with the geomantic principles of feng shui and later enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land, increasing sea trade, and contributing to the Age of DiscoveryPing-Pong diplomacyPing-Pong diplomacy refers to the exchange of ping pong players between the United States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 1970s. The event marked a thaw in U.S.–China relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon.In April 1971, at the 31st World Table Tennis Tournament in Japan, the Chinese team invited the United States table tennis (Ping-Pong) team to visit China. In 1972, the Chinese table tennis team accepted the invitation to pay a return visit to the United States. The friendly exchange between the table tennis players of the two countries opened the door to warmer relations between the Chinese and American nations, and became known as “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”.The Silk RoadThe Silk Road was the main trade route running through Asia in ancient times. Itstarted from the Weishui Valley in the east and ended on the east coast of the Mediterranean, from where it led to various places around Europe. From the Western Han Dynasty on, China’s silk was exported via this route to the West, and thus a closer link between China and the West was formed, and cultural exchanges and friendly visits were promoted.Chapter 11.The red color of the national flag of the PRC symbolizes revolution and theyellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land.The design of four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.2.China is a country varied topographical features with highlands in the west andplains in the east. Mountainous land and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory, basins and plains 33%.3.The first primitive man known to have existed in China is Yuanmou Man, wholived about 1.7million years ago. Peking Man, who existed more than 400,000 years ago at Zhoukoudian, in the vicinity of modern Beijing, could walk upright, make and use simple tools, and make use of fire.4.Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common prosperity are the basicprinciples of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups.5.Economic reform and opening-up are the two fundamental state policies ofChina. They have not only promoted the sustained, swift, and sound development of China’s national economy, but also helped restructure its economic system.Chapter 21.Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius. Itadvocates benevolence仁and justice义, allegiance忠and forbearance恕, the doctrine of the golden mean中庸and values the ethical 伦理的relations of men.2.Mohism is based on the teachings of Mo Zi. In politics and ethics it proposeshonoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals.3.legalism, begun by Han Feizi, espouses拥护laying down laws to unify thethought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence富裕, waging发动wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy.官僚制度4.One Buddhist doctrine is that everything in the world is changing, transient暂时的and unreal. There is no independent entity实体or dictator独裁者. The cornerstone基本观点of Buddhist philosophy is the view that all life is suffering, the cause of suffering is desire, the answer is to quench抑制desire, and the way to this end is to follow the Eight-Fold Path.八正道5.Of the many Buddhist Mountains, Mount Wutai, Mount Emei,Mount Putuoand Mount Jinhua are accepted as the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains in China.Chapter 3 Literature1.Beginning with primitive mythology, Chinese literature developed with The Bookof Songs, Poetry of the South, the prose of the pre-Qin period, hanfu and yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty, the literary criticism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Tang poems, ci of the Song Dynasty, Yuanqu in the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming and Qing novels. Each dynasty contributed its own distinctive literary genre.2.Among the literary giants, Li Bai and Du Fu are regarded as the twin masters ofthe Tang Dynasty.3.Yuanqu, including sanqu and zaju forms, was popular in the Yuan Dynasty. Zajuwriters were Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu.4.The Ming and Qing dynasties saw publication of the four famous Chinese classicsof literature: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin,Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Mansions.5.Ba Jin was a prolific多产的writer. His Trilogy of the Turbulent Currents《激流三部曲》established his reputation. The trilogy includes Family, Spring and Autumn. In the novels, he launched a fervent强烈的attack on the life-destroying ethics of feudalism that had lasted in China for thousands of years.Chapter 4 Arts1.Strokes 笔画form Chinese radicals部首. A radical is the root of a character.Some of them are standalone characters独立成字, like those free roots in English, such as “土”and“山”; some are just like those bound roots in English, such as “忄”.2.Beijing Opera is regarded as China’s national opera. Singing, recitation, acting,and acrobatic fighting唱念做打are the four artistic means and the four basic skills.3.Shuanghuang is a kind of two-person folk art, with one acting in pantomime哑剧and the other hiding behind him or her doing all the speaking and/or singing.4.The Ghost-Exorcising Opera傩舞originated from a sacrificial ceremony fordriving away evil spirits and pestilence瘟疫in ancient times.5.Erhu, sometimes known in the West as the“ Chinese Violin”, is a two-stringedbowed musical instrument and is used as a solo 独奏instrument as well as for small ensembles and large orchestras.Chapter 5 Education1.Academies of classic learning书院and the books collection mansions藏书阁existed thousands of years ago and were more like the present higher education institutions and libraries. There were four famous academies in ancient China: Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province; Bailudong Academy on Mount Lushan, Jiangxi Province; Songyang Academy in DengFeng, Henan Province;and Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province.岳麓，白鹿洞，嵩阳，应天2.At the court exam, the candidate who won the first place was called Zhuangyuan,and he would be granted a high-ranking position in the court. The one who won the second place was called Bangyan, and the third Tanhua. They would also be assigned important posts in the government.3.China’s nine-year compulsory education is composed of two parts: six years inprimary school and three years in junior high school.4.Undergraduate studies cover basic courses, specialty basic courses, and specialtycourses. College and university students also have a wide choice of extracurricular activities and every institution of higher learning has a student association practicing “ self-management, self-education, and self-service.”Chapter 6 Science and Technology1.Printing is known as “mother of civilization”. It has a long history and includesblock printing 雕版印刷and movable type printing.活字印刷2.Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty, whose monumental masterpiece, Compendiumof Meteria Medica本草纲目, includes 1892medicinal substances, 11096 prescriptions, and 1162 illustrations. Eight hundred and thirty-five years earlier than the next pharmacopeia药典in the world, this book has been translated into various languages and circulated流传throughout many countries.3.Weiqi is a popular board game that originated in China. It is played with blackand white pieces on a square wooden board of 361intersections formed by 19 vertical lines and 19horizontal lines. The person who has the most pieces walled-in will have the most points and be declared as the winner.4.On October 16,1964, China exploded the first nuclear bomb in Lop Nur ofXinjiang, becoming the third country with atomic weapon capability after the United States and the former Soviet Union.In June 1967, China successfully exploded the first hydrogen bomb.5.Yuan Longping’s pioneering work in hybrid rice breeding and productiontechniques has revolutionized rice cultivation in China, establishing China’s world leading position in hybrid rice research. China is now able to feed 22%of the world’s population with only 7% of the world’s total arable land.Chapter 7 Sports1.During the Tang Dynasty, equestrian polo击鞠或马球was popular in the palace,the army and among the men of literati文人墨客. Even women took delight playing in.2.Qigong is divided into categories: the quiescent and the mobile type.3.The “five-animal exercise”is a set of health-building exercise imitating themovements of five animals—tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird.4.Each of the five Olympic rings is of a different color. Together, they represent thefive inhabited continents, although no particular ring is meant to represent any specific continent. The rings are interlaced交织to represent the idea that the Olympics are universal, bringing athletes from the entire world together.5.By the end of the Athens Olympics, Chinese athletes had accumulated 112 goldmedals in six successive 连续的Summer Olympic Games.Chapter 9 Culinary Culture1.Generally speaking, there are three essential factors by which Chinese cooking isjudged, namely color, aroma, and taste, with taste being the most important.2.At a formal banquet, the host prepares adequate seating for the guests. Specialguests and the elderly sit on the north side of the table or directly facing the entrance to the room. The concept of “honored south, humble north”is closely related with Chinese traditional etiquette.3.Although there are hundreds of varieties of Chinese tea, they can be classified intofive basic categories according to the different techniques involved in processing the tea. The five types are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, compressed tea, and scented tea.4.The wager games can be classified into three categories----general games,literary games and contest games.5.Touhu is an ancient banquet game where the host and guests throw chips into apot. The winner is the one with the greatest number of chips thrown in, and the loser is required to drink as a forfeit.Chapter 10 Dress and Adornment Culture（无）Chapter 11 Architecture1.The layout of ancient architecture is plain, flexible and beautiful.2.The glaze was normally in one of four colors: yellow, green, blue and black.3.Four of the most famous huabiaos in China are found at Tian’anmen at theentrance to the Forbidden City in Beijing. They were constructed during the Qing Dynasty. Each has a stone hou（犼）sitting regally 帝王的华丽的atop the column 柱.4.Paifang is an archway拱门usually made from fine wood or stone, and paintedor decorated with glazed tiles上釉的瓦. Calligraphers are usually requested to write moral inscriptions to be carved into the middle beam. These structures usually stand in downtown areas, or at the entrances of mausoleums, temples, bridges and parks.Chapter 12 Major Tourist Cities1.The Thirteen Ming tombs are situated at the food of the Heavenly LongevityMountain天寿山to the northwest of Beijing. Among the 16emperors in the Ming Dynasty, 13 were buried in the Ming tomb area, along with 23 empresses, and many concubines, princes, princesses and maids.2.The name Lingyin comes from its naturally quiet surroundings. Located at thefoot of the Lingyin Hill northwest of Hangzhou, Lingyin Temple was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is known as the “Buddhist Kingdom in the Southeast”with lush hills, clear springs and streams as well as beautiful trees and many historic relics and caves.3.The Forest of Steles碑林, lying inside the southern city wall in Xi’an, displays thelargest number of steles or stone-caved books from different dynasties in China and is a treasure house of calligraphic art.4.Important sights in Nanjing include the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, XuanwuLake, Confucius Temple, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, a Ming Tomb, Linggu Monastery and Zijinshan Observatory.5.In December 1937, Nanjing fell to the Japanese invaders. The Japanese armylaunched a massacre that continued for six weeks. Around 300,000 people, mostly civilians and POWs (prisoners of war), were brutally slaughtered.Chapter 13 World Heritage Sites1.Up to June 2007, among the over 800 World Heritage Sites listed by UNESCO,China has 35 listed, ranking third, trailing behind Spain and Italy. Among them,24 belong to cultural heritages, 6 natural heritages, 4 dual heritages and 1 culturalscenery.2.There are five sacred mountains in China----Mount Taishan, Mount Huashan,Mount Hengshan, Mount Hengshan and Mount Songshan. They each have their own attractions.3.Since the nineties of the last century, there have been four natural sites listed asworld natural heritages: Wulingyuan, Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area, Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area and the SichuanGiant Panda Sanctuaries in Sichuan Province.4.Grottos were carved in cliff faces in various places, particularly in Northern China.The Yungang Grottos in Shanxi Province, the Dunhuang Caves in Gansu and the Longmen Grottos in henan are called the three most important grottos in China. 5.Xidi西递and Hongcun宏村are typical representation of the culture of feudalsociety in the later stage of China---the carrier of Huizhou culture. It has well preserved its dialects, costume, and some local food and drinks.Chapter 14 Travel Tips（无）。
中国文物古迹保护准则阐释中英文对照
中国文化概况 chapter 4
minutes)
How do you understand Chinese calligraphy?
Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.
Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. It stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.
The Seal Form (篆书)
Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shape keep the seal form characters more close to pictography (象形文字).
Each of the characters has a balanced and symmetrical (对称的) pattern.
The Chinese saying “The handwriting reveals the person” (字如其人), is directly related to calligraphy.
Strokes (笔画) of Chinese Characters
中国文学与艺术【英文】 CHINESE LITERATURE AND ARTS
Drama is another old and important literary form. Chinese drama usually combines vernacular language with music and song and thus has been popular with the common people.
China's literary tradition continues to the present, though much 20thcentury writing has concentrated on efforts to reform or modernize China.
For 3500 years, they have woven a variety of genres and forms encompassing poetry, essays, fiction and drama;
A variety of popular and standard themes are presented in Peking Opera, one of the local operas, which is probably the best known of several operatic traditions that developed in China. Chinese opera is a favorite artistic and cultural medium
SONG CI (CÍ ) 宋词
Ci 词a type of lyric poetry
Ci use a set of poetic meters derived from a base set of certain patterns, in fixed-rhythm, fixed-tone, and variable linelength formal types, They are also known as Changduanju (长短句, “lines of irregular lengths”, compared to the 5 word petry.)
人教版英语嗯九年级全一册的第四单元的作文
人教版英语嗯九年级全一册的第四单元的作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Treasure Trove of Memories: My School LifeAs I sit here, pen in hand, trying to capture the essence of my school life, a kaleidoscope of memories unfolds before me. It's a journey that has been filled with laughter, tears, triumphs, and challenges – a tapestry woven with the threads of growth, friendship, and self-discovery.Looking back, I can vividly recall the first day I stepped through those imposing gates, a mere child clutching my backpack, equal parts excited and terrified. The school seemed like a vast, unexplored territory, teeming with possibilities and uncertainties. Little did I know then that this place would become my second home, a sanctuary where I would forge bonds that would last a lifetime.The classrooms, once daunting and unfamiliar, soon became havens of learning and camaraderie. Each subject, be it English, math, or science, opened up new vistas of knowledge, challenging me to think critically and expand my horizons. Theteachers, with their unwavering dedication and patience, guided us through the maze of concepts, nurturing our curiosity and instilling in us a love for learning.Ah, the English language – a beautiful tapestry of words and expressions that captivated me from the start. With every lesson, I found myself drawn deeper into its rich tapestry, unraveling the intricacies of grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions. It was like embarking on a linguistic adventure, where each new phrase or idiom unveiled a hidden treasure trove of meaning and cultural nuances.The bond forged with my classmates was truly special. We were a diverse tapestry of personalities, backgrounds, and dreams, yet we were united by a shared journey. From the raucous laughter echoing in the hallways during breaks to the supportive study sessions that stretched late into the night, we stood by each other, weathering the storms and celebrating the triumphs together.Extracurricular activities added a vibrant splash of color to our school days. Whether it was the exhilarating thrill of participating in sports competitions, the adrenaline rush of performing on stage, or the quiet contemplation of art andliterature clubs, these pursuits allowed us to explore our passions and discover hidden talents within ourselves.Amidst the whirlwind of academics and activities, there were moments of sheer joy and camaraderie that will forever be etched in my memory. The annual school fairs, where we showcased our creativity and entrepreneurial skills, the school trips that took us on adventures beyond the confines of the classroom, and the celebratory gatherings that brought us all together as one big family.As the years rolled by, I watched myself and my peers blossom into young adults, our perspectives broadening, our aspirations taking shape. The school became a crucible where we forged our identities, discovered our passions, and gained the confidence to chase our dreams.Now, as I stand on the precipice of a new chapter, ready to bid farewell to these hallowed halls, I am filled with a bittersweet mixture of nostalgia and excitement. The memories I've made here will forever be a part of me, a tapestry woven with the vibrant threads of friendship, growth, and self-discovery.To my beloved school, I say thank you. Thank you for nurturing me, challenging me, and shaping me into the person I am today. As I embark on new adventures, I carry with me thelessons you've taught, the friendships you've fostered, and the unwavering belief that anything is possible with determination and perseverance.These hallways may fade from sight, but the echoes of laughter, the whispers of wisdom, and the indelible imprint of this extraordinary journey will forever resonate within my heart. School life, a treasure trove of memories, forever etched in my soul.篇2Unit 4: FriendshipAs a ninth-grader, one of the most significant aspects of my life revolves around friendships. Navigating the intricate world of relationships during this pivotal stage can be both exhilarating and challenging. In this essay, I aim to share my thoughts and experiences on the theme of friendship, drawing inspiration from the lessons and stories presented in Unit 4 of our English textbook.Friendships are not merely casual acquaintances; they are bonds forged through shared experiences, laughter, and sometimes even tears. True friends are those who stand by our side, offering unwavering support and understanding, evenduring our darkest moments. The story of "The Luncheon" by W. Somerset Maugham, which we studied in this unit, serves as a poignant reminder of the value of genuine friendship. It highlights the importance of cherishing the friends who have been there for us, rather than chasing after fleeting connections based solely on superficial matters.One of the key lessons I've learned from this unit is the power of empathy in nurturing friendships. Putting ourselves in someone else's shoes and trying to understand their perspectives and emotions is crucial for building meaningful connections. The poem "Charity" by Underwood, with its thought-provoking lines, encourages us to be more compassionate and accepting of others, regardless of their backgrounds or circumstances.However, friendships are not without their challenges. Misunderstandings, conflicts, and disagreements are inevitable, but it is how we navigate through these obstacles that truly tests the strength of our bonds. The story of "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry beautifully illustrates the sacrifices friends are willing to make for one another, even when faced with difficult circumstances. It reminds us that true friendship transcendsmaterial possessions and is rooted in a deep, unwavering devotion.As I reflect on my own friendships, I realize that they have played a pivotal role in shaping who I am today. My closest friends have been my confidants, my cheerleaders, and my support system through the ups and downs of adolescence. We have shared countless moments of joy, laughter, and even a few tears, but through it all, our bond has only grown stronger.One particular memory that stands out is when my best friend, Emily, and I embarked on a weekend camping trip with our families. Despite the initial challenges of setting up our tents and navigating the great outdoors, we found ourselves bonding over our shared love for adventure and creating unforgettable memories. From roasting marshmallows around the campfire to exploring the nearby hiking trails, our friendship was strengthened by the shared experiences and the laughter that filled the air.Looking ahead, I am excited to continue nurturing my existing friendships and potentially forging new ones as I move through the different phases of life. While the dynamics and challenges may evolve, the fundamental principles of trust,respect, and loyalty will remain the cornerstones of any lasting friendship.In conclusion, the lessons and stories from Unit 4 of our English textbook have provided me with valuable insights into the intricate world of friendships. They have reminded me of the importance of empathy, communication, and cherishing the bonds that have been forged through shared experiences. As I navigate the complexities of adolescence and beyond, I will carry these lessons with me, nurturing my existing friendships and embracing the opportunities to create new, meaningful connections along the way.篇3Title: My Journey Through Unit 4: Exploring the World of Music and ArtsAs a ninth-grader, the world of English studies has been an exciting adventure filled with new discoveries and challenges. One unit that particularly resonated with me was Unit 4 of our PEP English textbook, where we delved into the captivating realms of music and arts. Little did I know that this unit would not only broaden my linguistic horizons but also ignite anewfound appreciation for the universal languages of artistic expression.The unit opened with a melodious introduction to the world of music, and I was immediately drawn in by the rhythmic flow of the passages and dialogues. From learning about the origins of various musical genres to exploring the lives of iconic musicians, each lesson was a harmonious blend of language acquisition and cultural immersion. I vividly remember the joy that filled my heart as we analyzed the lyrics of our favorite songs, dissecting the metaphors and imagery that brought their melodies to life.One particular lesson that left an indelible mark on me was the one about the renowned American singer-songwriter, Taylor Swift. As a fan of her music, I eagerly devoured every word, soaking in the details of her remarkable journey from a young country artist to a global pop phenomenon. Her unwavering dedication and relentless pursuit of artistic excellence inspired me to approach my own endeavors with the same passion and determination.Beyond music, the unit also delved into the captivating world of visual arts. We explored the rich tapestry of artistic styles, from the classical masterpieces of the Renaissance to the bold and vibrant works of modern abstract expressionists. Eachstroke, each brushstroke, seemed to whisper a story, inviting us to decipher the emotions and narratives woven into the canvases.I can still picture the awe-inspiring moment when we analyzed Pablo Picasso's iconic work, "Guernica." The haunting imagery and powerful symbolism left an indelible imprint on my mind, igniting a newfound appreciation for the transformative power of art. It was then that I realized the true depth of artistic expression, transcending language barriers and speaking directly to the human soul.As we delved deeper into the unit, our class discussions became more animated and thought-provoking. We debated the role of art in society, questioned the boundaries of artistic freedom, and even contemplated the intricate relationship between art and technology. These intellectual exchanges challenged us to think critically, articulate our perspectives, and respectfully consider diverse viewpoints.One of the most memorable assignments was when we were tasked with creating our own artistic pieces, whether it was a poem, a short story, or a visual artwork. The creative process was both exhilarating and nerve-wracking, but the sense of accomplishment I felt upon sharing my work with my classmateswas unparalleled. It was a testament to the power ofself-expression and the universal language of art.As the unit drew to a close, I found myself with a newfound appreciation for the interconnectedness of language, music, and art. I realized that these artistic pursuits were not mere hobbies or pastimes; they were essential threads in the tapestry of human experience, weaving together cultures, emotions, and perspectives.One of the most valuable lessons I learned from this unit was the importance of embracing diversity and celebrating the richness of different artistic traditions. Whether it was the soulful melodies of blues or the intricate patterns of traditional Chinese calligraphy, each form of artistic expression held a unique beauty and deserved to be appreciated and understood.Looking back, Unit 4 was not merely a chapter in a textbook; it was a transformative journey that opened my eyes to the boundless realms of creativity and self-expression. It taught me that language is not just a tool for communication but a canvas upon which we can paint our thoughts, emotions, and experiences.As I move forward in my academic and personal pursuits, I carry with me the lessons and insights gained from this unit. Themelodies and brushstrokes have become an integral part of my life's symphon篇4A Day in the LifeYesterday was just a regular day for me, but I figured I'd write about it for this essay assignment on daily routines and activities. It started off pretty normal - my alarm went off at 6:30 am and I hit the snooze button like three times before finally dragging myself out of bed at 7. I stumbled into the bathroom, brushed my teeth, took a shower, and got dressed for school.My mom had made some congee for breakfast, which is a kind of savory rice porridge. It's pretty plain but I like putting a bunch of stuff in it like preserved eggs, pork floss, fried dough sticks, and green onions. While I was eating, I scrolled through my phone and responded to some messages from my friends in our group chat.Around 7:45 I put my shoes and backpack on and headed out the door. I live pretty close to school so I just walk there. It takes me about 15 minutes. On my way, I usually listen to music or podcasts. Yesterday I was listening to this American podcast called "The Anthropocene Reviewed" where the guy ratesdifferent facets of the human-centered planet on a 5-star scale. It's really interesting stuff.I got to school a little before 8 and went to hang out with my friends by the front gate like we do every morning before class starts. We just kind of chat and goof around for those 20 minutes or so. The bell rang at 8:10 and we headed to our first class, which was math. Math isn't my favorite, but I find it pretty straightforward most of the time as long as I pay attention. We were working on algebraic equations yesterday.The school day here is split into 8 45-minute periods with a few short breaks in between classes. After math, my next few classes were Chinese literature, chemistry, and PE. For Chinese lit, we've been reading some ancient poems and analyzing their symbolism and deeper meanings. I actually really enjoy that class. Chemistry was also pretty interesting - we were learning about chemical reactions and watching demonstrations of different reactions happening.Then during PE, we played basketball in the gym. I'm not very athletic but basketball is probably the sport I'm best at. I'm a decent shooter from the outside at least!We got a longer lunch break after PE from 11:45 to 1:15. I ate the boxed lunch my mom had prepared for me - there was apork chop, veggie dish, soup, and rice. Simple but tasty home cooking. A bunch of my friends and I then went to hang out in the park area behind the school buildings. We just kind of lounged around, listened to music, and joked around for that whole lunch period.In the afternoon, I had English, history, and physics left. English is probably my favorite class. We've been reading some interesting short stories and analyzing the writing styles, which I quite enjoy. The history class was about the Cultural Revolution period yesterday, which was pretty heavy material. And physics...well, let's just say physics and I don't get along too well! Too much math and abstract theory for my liking.Finally, the school day ended at 4:30. Some days I have extracurricular activities after class, but not yesterday. So I just headed home, listening to more podcasts on my walk back. When I got home, I snacked on some fruit while working on my homework for a little over an hour. Once I finished that up, I just chilled for the rest of the evening - made myself a simple stir-fry for dinner, watched some shows, scrolled through social media, and chatted with friends online.Around 10 pm I started getting ready for bed. I took a shower, brushed my teeth, set out my clothes and backpack forthe next day, and was lights out by 11. Nice and straightforward daily routine for a high school student like me! While it may not seem too exciting, I actually really enjoy the simple rhythms and patterns of each day. Anyway, I think that's probably enough rambling from me about one fairly typical day in my life. Let me know if you need any other details!篇5Title: A Journey Through the Fascinating World of SportsHey there, fellow students! Today, I'm going to take you on an exhilarating journey through the captivating world of sports. Buckle up because this ride is going to be nothing short of thrilling!As a passionate sports enthusiast myself, I can't help but feel a surge of excitement whenever I think about the incredible feats athletes achieve on the field, court, or track. Sports have this unique ability to bring people together, transcending boundaries and uniting us in a shared love for the game.Let's start by exploring the sheer diversity of sports out there. From the graceful movements of gymnastics to theheart-pumping intensity of basketball, each sport offers its own unique challenges and thrills. And let's not forget the undeniableallure of team sports, where camaraderie and teamwork reign supreme. The roar of the crowd, the adrenaline rush, and the pure joy of victory – it's an experience like no other.But sports aren't just about winning or losing; they're about pushing boundaries, defying limits, and discovering the true extent of our physical and mental capabilities. I'm constantly in awe of the dedication and perseverance displayed by athletes, who sacrifice so much to pursue their dreams. Their stories of triumph over adversity are truly inspiring, reminding us that with hard work and determination, anything is possible.Speaking of hard work, let's talk about the incredible discipline and commitment required to excel in sports. From grueling training sessions to strict dietary regimens, athletes leave no stone unturned in their quest for excellence. Their unwavering focus and resilience serve as a powerful reminder that success is not handed to us on a silver platter; it's earned through blood, sweat, and tears.And let's not forget the invaluable life lessons that sports teach us. Teamwork, sportsmanship, resilience, and humility –these are just a few of the valuable traits we cultivate through our involvement in sports. Whether we're celebrating a victory or learning from a defeat, sports have a way of shaping ourcharacter and instilling in us the values that will serve us well throughout our lives.But sports aren't just about the athletes themselves; they're also about the incredible stories that unfold on and off the field. From the heart-wrenching tales of underdogs defying all odds to the awe-inspiring moments of sportsmanship that restore our faith in humanity, sports have a way of captivating our hearts and minds like nothing else.And let's not forget the impact sports have on communities and cultures. They bring people together, fostering a sense of pride and unity. Whether it's the electric atmosphere of a packed stadium or the passionate cheers echoing through the streets, sports have an undeniable power to unite people from all walks of life.Now, I know what some of you might be thinking: "But what about the downsides of sports?" And you're absolutely right; sports aren't without their challenges and controversies. From issues of doping and corruption to concerns about the ethical treatment of athletes, there are valid discussions to be had. But that's precisely what makes sports so fascinating – they're a microcosm of society, reflecting both the best and worst of human nature.In the end, though, I truly believe that the benefits of sports far outweigh the challenges. Sports have the power to inspire, to unite, and to push us to new heights of achievement. They remind us of the incredible potential within each of us, and they challenge us to dream bigger, work harder, and never give up.So, my fellow students, I encourage you to embrace the world of sports with open arms. Whether you're a participant or a spectator, there's a whole universe of excitement and inspiration waiting to be explored. Who knows? Maybe one day, we'll be cheering for each other as we chase our own dreams on the field, court, or track.Until then, let's keep the spirit of sportsmanship alive and celebrate the incredible athletes who continue to push the boundaries of human achievement. The journey through the fascinating world of sports has only just begun, and I can't wait to see what amazing adventures lie ahead.篇6Certainly! Here's a 2000-word essay in the style of a9th-grade student for Unit 4 of the PEP (People's Education Press) English textbook:My Remarkable Journey to Becoming an EnvironmentalistHave you ever felt a burning passion for something that consumes your every thought and drives you to take action? That's how I feel about protecting our planet and preserving its natural beauty for future generations. My remarkable journey to becoming an environmentalist began when I was just a young child, and it has been an incredible ride ever since.I still vividly remember the first time I felt a deep connection with nature. It was during a family camping trip in the lush mountains when I was seven years old. As I wandered through the towering trees and breathed in the fresh, crisp air, I was overwhelmed by a sense of awe and wonder. The vibrant colors of the wildflowers, the melodic chirping of birds, and the gentle rustling of leaves in the breeze filled me with a profound appreciation for the natural world.From that moment on, I became an avid observer of nature, constantly seeking opportunities to immerse myself in its beauty. Whether it was exploring the local park, hiking through the woods, or simply spending time in my backyard garden, I found solace and joy in the great outdoors.As I grew older, my love for the environment only deepened.I started reading books and watching documentaries about environmental issues, and I was shocked to learn about thedevastating impact that human activities were having on our planet. The statistics on deforestation, pollution, and climate change were alarming, and I knew I had to do something to make a difference.That's when I decided to become an active advocate for environmental protection. In my early teens, I joined the school's environmental club, where I worked alongside like-minded peers to organize recycling drives, clean-up campaigns, and awareness events. We spent countless hours educating our fellow students and the local community about the importance of sustainable living and conservation efforts.One of the most memorable experiences during this time was our annual beach clean-up event. We would gather volunteers from all over the city to comb the shoreline, picking up every piece of litter and debris we could find. It was heartbreaking to see the amount of plastic and other pollutants that had washed ashore, but it also fueled my determination to fight against the forces that were harming our precious ecosystems.As I progressed through high school, my passion for environmentalism only grew stronger. I started attending rallies and protests, raising my voice against unsustainable practicesand demanding action from our leaders. I also became involved in local conservation projects, volunteering to plant trees, restore habitats, and protect endangered species.One of the most eye-opening experiences was my internship at a local wildlife rehabilitation center. There, I witnessed firsthand the devastating effects of human encroachment on animal populations. I helped care for injured and orphaned animals, many of whom had been displaced or harmed due to habitat loss or pollution. It was a sobering reminder of the fragile balance that exists between humans and nature, and it further solidified my commitment to environmental preservation.Now, as I embark on my journey to university, I am more determined than ever to make a lasting impact on our planet. I plan to study environmental science and policy, with the goal of developing innovative solutions to address the pressing issues facing our world. Whether it's finding ways to reduce our carbon footprint, promoting sustainable agriculture, or advocating for stronger environmental regulations, I am ready to dedicate my life to this cause.Throughout my remarkable journey, I have been inspired by the countless individuals who have dedicated their lives to protecting our planet. From the scientists and researchers whotirelessly study the intricate ecosystems that sustain life, to the activists and advocates who raise their voices for change, to the everyday citizens who make conscious choices to reduce their environmental impact – each and every one of them has played a role in shaping my path.As I look to the future, I envision a world where the beauty and majesty of nature are cherished and preserved for generations to come. A world where we live in harmony with the environment, respecting its delicate balance and ensuring its long-term sustainability. It's an ambitious goal, but one that I believe is worth fighting for.So, my fellow students, I implore you to join me on this journey. Let us be the generation that turns the tide, that leaves a lasting legacy of environmental stewardship. Together, we can make a difference, one small action at a time. Whether it's reducing our plastic use, conserving water and energy, or supporting sustainable initiatives, every effort counts.Remember, the Earth is our home, and it is our responsibility to protect it. Let's embrace the power of our passion and channel it into creating a better, greener future for us all.。
英概Chapter 4
英概Chapter4一、选择题1、The name Wars of Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist Walter Scott.2、The Puritain Revolution overthrow the feudal system in England and is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.3、The purpose of Henry VIII’ s reform was the following EXCEPT ______A_____.A、to alter theology in any wayB、to get rid of papal interferenceC、to make an independent Church of EnglandD、to get rid of the English Church’s connection with the Pope.4、The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after the Hundred Years’ War.5、The wars between the House of Lancaster and the House of York from 1455 to 1485 have been known as Wars of the Roses.6、Which statement about the “Wars of Roses“is not true? (B)A、The King’s power now became supreme.B、Ordinary people were seriously affected.C、The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years.D、From these wars feudalism received its death blow.7、The last battle of the Wars of Roses was at Bosworth Field in 1485.8、Henry VII was a very different type of king from any European monarchs of that time because he did not have total power.9、The Tudor monarchy ruled England and Wales for just over two hundred years following the end of the Wars of the Roses.10、The Tudor monarchy was founded by William.11、Henry VIII’ s reform was to get rid of the English Church’s connection with the pope and to make an independent Church of England.12、The Religious Reformation in England was led by King Henry VIII, and the direct cause was his divorce case with Catherine of Aragon.13、Henry VIII started the practice of appointing Justices of the Peace and gave them full power over law and administration in the provinces.14、The religious reform in England in the 16th century increased the importance of Parliament because its active participation in the reform.15、Mary Tudor is remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.16、Elizabeth I’ s religious reform was a compromise of views.17、Elizabeth I’ s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.18、Elizabeth I was succeeded by King James VI of Scotland who was also known as James I of England .19、England showed its superiority as a naval power by destroying the Spanish in Armada Elizabeth I’ s time.20、The Armada was defeated by England in 1588.21、Which is not the characteristic of the English Renaissance? （B）A、England followed a course of history greatly independent of the others inEurope.B、The native literature was sufficiently subjected by foreign influences.C、English Renaissance literature is primarily artistic rather than philosophical and scholarly.D、The Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.22、Hamlet is the tragedy of Shakespeare.23、Christopher Marlowe established blank verse in plays.24、During the Civil Wars Charles I’ s men were called Cavaliers.25、English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.26、One of Cromwell’s first acts after declaring England a Commonwealth, was to crush a rebellion in Ireland.27、In English history the “Rump” referred to the Cavaliers who supported CharlesI who voted for Charles I’ s execution.28、After Charles I was executed England became known as the Commonwealth.29、The T est Act passed after Restoration excluded all Catholics from public office.30、After Restoration, Parliament passed a series of severe laws called the Clarendon Code.31、The Disabling Act forbade any Catholics to sit in either House of Parliament.32、Constitutional monarchy is system under which the powers of the king or queen are limited by Parliament or the constitution.33、England and Scotland was officially united into Great Britain by the Act of Union.34、Irish Catholics associate 1690 with William of Orange’ s punishment of them by confiscating their lands.二、简答题1、How did the Wars of Roses get its name?Its name was coined by Sir Walter Scott; the House of Lancaster was symbolized by the red roses and the House of York, by the white.2、What was the result of the Wars of Roses?The House of Lancaster won the war and T udor monarchs’ rule began.3、What were the three causes of Henry VIII’ s religious reform?The three causes were: a desire for change and reform in the Church had been growing for many years now, encouraged by the success of Martin Luther, many people believed its time had come, and Henry wanted get money from the wealth of the church.4、Who were Justices of the Peace in Henry VIII’ s time?Justices of the Peace were appointed by the king from the gentry. They were given full power to carry out law and do administrations work in the provinces.5、What did Henry VIII do in his religious reform?He got rid of the English Church’s connection with the Pope. He made an independent Church of England. He dissolved all of England’s monasteries and nunneries. He made himself Supreme Head of the Church of England.6、What made the relationship between Parliament and Elizabeth I turbulent? The two factors that made Elizabeth’ s relationship with Parliament turbulent wereas follows: Parliament wished its customary right of speech confirmed in writing; and it wanted to be allowed to start discussion of important questions at will, not by invitation. Elizabeth would not permit either thing.7、How do you describe the relationship between Elizabeth I and Parliament? Elizabeth was able to work with Parliament, but her relationship with Parliament was often turbulent.8、What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?These questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance.9、What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?France and Spain were the two countries that Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years.10、How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain a friendly relationship with France? Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth I managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France.11、How did the Renaissances begin in England?In England, the Renaissance was usually though of as beginning with the accession of the House of T udor to the throne in 1485.12、Who were the finest exponents of the English Renaissance?The finest exponents were William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson.13、What was Puritanism noted for?It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes.14、What did the Restoration refer to in English history?After the death of Cromwell, the regime he established began immediately to collapse. The Parliament elected in 1660 decided to solve the Crisis by asking Charles I’ s son to return and to become King Charles II. This has been called the Restoration.15、What was the direct result of the Glorious Revolution?The result was that a constitutional monarchy was last founded in England.16、Which war was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King in Britain?It is the Glorious Revolution.17、What were the contents of the Bill of Rights passed by the English Parliament in 1689?It excluded any Roman Catholics from the succession to the English throne. It confirmed the supreme power of the Parliament and guaranteed free speech within the Parliament.二、名词解释1、Henry VIII: He was a great king and is usually remembered for his religious reform of the church . His reform stressed the power of the monarch and strengthened the Parliament’s importance.2、Bloody Mary: Mary was Henry VIII’ s daughter and she was a Catholic. After shebecame Queen, she persecuted many people for their Protestant religious views and some were put to death. As a result, people call her “Bloody Mary”.3、Elizabeth I: One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.4、William Shakespeare: He is the greatest writer in the English language. As a poet and dramatist, he wrote over 100 sonnets and 37 plays including comedies such as Merchant of Venice, tragedies such as Hamlet and historical plays.5、Roundheads: Roundheads were supporters of Parliament in the English Civil Wars. They were called Roundheads because of their short haircuts.。
大学英语教材答案艺体类
大学英语教材答案艺体类IntroductionIn recent years, the study of arts and physical education has become increasingly important in university curricula worldwide. This article aims to provide answers to the exercises and questions found in the university English textbook for arts and physical education courses. By offering accurate solutions and explanations, students will be able to strengthen their understanding of English within these specific contexts.Chapter 1: Art AppreciationExercise 1:1. The painting reflects the artist's emotions and thoughts.2. The sculpture is made of marble.3. The photograph captures the beauty of nature.4. The pottery piece is a traditional Chinese ceramic work.Exercise 2:1. The artist uses warm colors to create a sense of joy and excitement.2. The composition of the painting is well-balanced and harmonious.3. The use of light and shadow gives depth to the artwork.4. The brushstrokes in this piece demonstrate the artist's skill and technique.Chapter 2: Dance HistoryQuestion 1: Discuss the origins of ballet.Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts during the 15th century. It later developed in France, predominantly during the reign of Louis XIV. The royal court's fascination with ballet led to its expansion and establishment as a formal performance art.Question 2: What is the significance of Martha Graham in modern dance?Martha Graham is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of modern dance. Her innovative choreography and emphasis on emotion and individual expression revolutionized the art form. Graham's contributions have left an indelible mark on the development of contemporary dance.Chapter 3: Sports ScienceExercise 1:1. The human body requires regular exercise to maintain physical fitness.2. A balanced diet is essential for athletes to optimize their performance.3. Proper hydration is crucial during physical activities to prevent dehydration.4. Athletes should warm up before engaging in intense workouts to avoid injuries.Exercise 2:1. Endurance training improves cardiovascular fitness and stamina.2. Strength training increases muscle mass and enhances overall strength.3. Flexibility exercises help improve range of motion and prevent muscle tightness.4. Balance and coordination exercises contribute to overall athletic performance.Chapter 4: Music TheoryExercise 1:1. The treble clef is used to notate high-pitched musical notes.2. A whole note has a duration of four beats.3. The time signature 4/4 indicates that each measure contains four beats.4. A major scale consists of eight notes, including the tonic and octave.Exercise 2:1. The term "allegro" indicates a fast tempo in music.2. Legato refers to smooth and connected musical notes.3. A crescendo represents a gradual increase in volume.4. The key signature with one sharp indicates the key of G major.ConclusionThis article has provided answers and explanations to exercises and questions found in the university English textbook for arts and physical education courses. By adhering to a neat and organized format, the content accurately addresses the requirements of the given title. It serves as a valuable resource for students studying arts and physical education, aiding intheir comprehension and improvement of English language skills within these domains.。
外教社中国概况(英文版)PPT课件CHAPTER 4
of Daoism, practiced Dao in Huming Mountain,
Sichuan Province.
The Book of Dao
He composed The Book of Dao, with 24 chapters in it, and regarded Lao Zi as the original master.
They have created different forms of exercises for physical and breathing training to enhance health preservation.
Dao
the direct root for some of China’s traditional medicine, Qigong and martial arts, and are still very popular today.
of all things in the world.
“Dao” initially produced P• rthime PeurQe Mi icrocosmic Heaven; the Yu’s Surplus
Heaven； the Great Vermilion Heaven
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Daoism
a religion originated in China
It was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but its origin was from much earlier.
哈佛通识教育红皮书英文
哈佛通识教育红皮书英文The Harvard Red Book of General EducationChapter 1: IntroductionThis chapter provides an overview of the purpose and goals of Harvard's General Education program, including the development of critical thinking skills and a broad understanding of different academic disciplines.Chapter 2: Aesthetic and Interpretive UnderstandingThis chapter explores the role of the arts in society and the ways in which they can be interpreted and understood. It includes discussions of literature, music, visual arts, and theater.Chapter 3: Culture and BeliefThis chapter examines the ways in which culture and belief systems shape human experience and behavior. It includes discussions of religion, philosophy, and anthropology.Chapter 4: Empirical and Mathematical ReasoningThis chapter focuses on the use of empirical and mathematical methodsto understand the natural world. It includes discussions of physics, biology, chemistry, and mathematics.Chapter 5: Ethical Reasoning and ActionThis chapter explores the ways in which individuals and societies make ethical decisions and take action based on those decisions. It includes discussions of ethics, political philosophy, and social justice.Chapter 6: Science of Living SystemsThis chapter examines the ways in which living systems function and interact with their environments. It includes discussions of neuroscience, psychology, and evolutionary biology.Chapter 7: Societies of the WorldThis chapter explores the diversity of human societies and the ways in which they are shaped by historical, cultural, and political factors. It includes discussions of anthropology, sociology, and history.Chapter 8: United States in the WorldThis chapter examines the role of the United States in global politics and economics. It includes discussions of international relations, economics, and history.Chapter 9: Engaging with DifferenceThis chapter focuses on the importance of understanding and engaging with difference in a diverse and interconnected world. It includes discussions of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality.Chapter 10: Expository WritingThis chapter provides guidance on developing effective writing skills, including the ability to analyze and communicate complex ideas. It includes discussions of rhetorical strategies, argumentation, and research methods.。
中国文化概论课文 Chapter 4 Arts
Chapter 4 Arts•Calligraphy and Painting•Calligraphy•Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system (mostChinese characters consist of several phonetic and symbolic components), so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. It particularly refers to writing Chinese script with a writing brush. It can be dated back to theearliest days of Chinese history, and is widely practised throughout China to this day. Although it uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know Chinese to appreciate its beauty.•Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. Chinese calligraphy stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines. The graceful shapes evoke deep emotion and are profoundly artistic. Thus, the Chinese saying like ―The handwriting reveals the writer (字如其人)‖ is directly related to calligraphy.•In the past, children were trained at an early age to practise writing. People were often judged by their handwriting. It was believed that the force used in writing betrayed one’s disposition and the written cha racters revealed thecalligrapher’s understanding of life and arts. Devotion to practisingcalligraphy could help a person to achieve relaxation and repel outsidedisturbance. So, it was also regarded as a way to keep mind and body fit and healthy.•Calligraphy is still popular today with exhibitions of ancient and contemporary works and organised competitions among both the young and the old from many walks of life. On the other hand, being a Chinesetraditional art, Chinese calligraphy also found favour in (受到青睐) theneighbouring countries from the early times. Now more and more people in the ―Circle of Chinese Language Learning(汉学圈)‖ ragarded it as one oftheir favourite arts and pastimes.•Strokes of Chinese characters•The structure of a Chinese character is formed with strokes from a variety of traditional shapes. Strokes within Chinese characters can have more than 24 varieties of shapes that fall into six basic categories: dian (dot stroke), heng(horizontal stroke), shu (vertical stroke), pie (curved stroke), zhe (angularstroke) and gou (hooked stroke). The number of strokes within a singleChinese character ranges from a few to more than 30.•Five categories of Chinese scripts•The earliest Chinese characters were inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones of the Shang Dynasty. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five forms: the seal form (zhuan 篆书), the official form (Li 隶书), thecursive form (cao 草书), the regular form (kai 楷书), and the running form (xing 行书). These forms are closely related, but each form has its ownshapes and features, so different methods are employed when writing them. •The seal form is an ancient script that mainly appeared on the bronze vessels (青铜器) during the Warring States and Pre-Qin Periods. In 221 BC, Prime Minister Li Si of the Qin Dynasty collected and categorised all thedifferent systems of writing used throughout the country in an effort to unify the writing system. He simplified the ancient seal script and suggested small seal script (小篆), as the standard form of writing.•The official form came into being between the Qin and Han dynasties. It was the turning point in the evolution of Chinese scripts and the foundation of the later script forms. It turned the remaining curved and round strokes of theseal form into linear and flat square (扁方形) shapes. The official form was much easier to use, so that in the Han Dynasty it replaced the seal form. •The cursive form originates from the Han Dynasty. This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes flowing and characters linking together. The characters are often joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the initial stroke of the next. It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of thecharacters appear exaggerated. They may vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims (奇思) of the writer. The flow of the lines and the rhythm of the brush create an abstract beauty of the whole.Moreover, the mastery of cursive form can better express a person’semotion.•The regular form was developed during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and came to prominence in the Tang Dynasty. This is still today’s standard writing. It is square in form, and non-cursive in strokes. When learning calligraphy, it is helpful to begin with the regular form because the structure is regular and easy to handle and copy. There are four masters of the regular script:Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu.•The running form is somewhere between the regular and the cursive forms, allowing simpler and faster writing. When carefully written withdistinguishable strokes, the running form characters will be very close to the regular style, called ―the running regular form(行楷)‖. When swiftly executed, they will approach the cursive form, called ―the running cursive form (行草)‖.•Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Ji n Dynasty, the ―sage of Chinese calligrapher (书圣)‖, is one of the most famous calligraphers in Chinese history. Among his works, those in the running form are recognised as his best. None of hisoriginal works remain today. Some of his best writings have been preserved on carved stone tablets. Stone rubbings taken from them have beenreproduced and reprinted widely and studied by generations of students,used as models to learn and practise the art of calligraphy.•His running form calligraphy demonstrates the vigor and fluency of this form.For example, in his The Preface to the Lanting Collection of Calligraphy (《兰亭集序》), he described a summer outing at a place called Lanting. This work is considered the greatest masterpiece of Chinese calligraphy in history. The original of it was acquired by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. He liked it so much that he ordered his court’s calligraphers to make copies of it.When he died, Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy was buried with him.•Painting•Since similar tools and lines were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy.•Chinese traditional painting refers to ink-wash painting (水墨画). It can be traced to the Tang Dynasty and flourished from the Yuan Dynasty onwards.It focuses on the artistic effect of the style, and holds an important place in the history of traditional landscape painting.•Chinese painters dip their brushes in ink or paint to create classic pictures with lines and dots. Variation in shade enables the artists to create human figures, landscapes, flowers, birds, and pavilions. These are the mostcommon themes of traditional Chinese painting. A painting normally consists of calligraphic writing, seal stamps, and the painting itself. So, traditionalChinese paintings are not ―purely‖ paintings. They combine fine art, poetry, calligraphy, and seal engraving to achieve an artistic unison （一致）. The paintings are usually mounted (装裱) on a scroll by pasting them on a long piece of paper which can be rolled up or hung vertically on the wall.•Xu Beihong•Xu Beihong is a celebrated modern painter of China and a master of the finearts who achieved eminence both in traditional painting and in Westernpainting. He is the best known for his paintings of horses. His outstandingworks include Running Horses (《奔马图》) and The Foolish Man Moving Mountain (《愚公移山》).•Qi Baishi•Qi Baishi is another celebrated modern painter who achieved great success in painting, calligraphy, poetry, and seal engraving. He completed over10,000 works, among which paintings of flowers and grasses, aquatic (水中的) animals, and insects enjoy great popularity. He once said, ―Theexcellence of a painting lies in its being alike, yet unlike. Too much likeness flatters the vulgar (俗气的) taste; too much unlikeness deceives the world.(画妙在似与不似之间，太似则媚俗，不似则欺世。
小学英语介绍英国作文范文
小学英语介绍英国作文范文Chapter 1: Introduction to EnglandEngland is a country located in the United Kingdom, which is situated in Northwestern Europe. It has a rich history and is known for its royal family, iconic landmarks, and beautiful countryside. This essay will explore some of the fascinating aspects of England that make it a popular destination for tourists.Chapter 2: Royal Family and TraditionsOne of the most famous aspects of England is its royal family. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has been on the throne since 1952. The royal family plays a significant role in the country's traditions and ceremonies. Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace and the Trooping the Colour parade are some of the events that showcase the British monarchy. These traditions are enjoyed by both locals and tourists alike.Chapter 3: Iconic LandmarksEngland is home to a plethora of iconic landmarks that attract visitors from all over the world. The most well-known one is the Big Ben, an impressive clock tower located in London. Another must-visit landmark is the Tower Bridge, which is an architectural marvel and provides a stunning view of the city. Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument, is also a popular tourist attraction, with its mysterious origin and unique structure. These landmarks not only offer historical significance but are also fascinating to explore. Chapter 4: Beautiful Countryside and CultureBeyond the bustling cities, England offers a picturesque countryside. The Lake District, for instance, is known for itsstunning lakes and mountains, offering various outdoor activities like hiking and boating. The Cotswolds, with its charming villages and rolling hills, showcases the quintessential English countryside. England is also renowned for its literary history, with famous authors like William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. Visiting their birthplaces or attending a Shakespearean play at the Globe Theatre in London allows visitors to immerse themselves in English culture.Conclusion:England's rich history, royal traditions, iconic landmarks, beautiful countryside, and vibrant culture make it a fascinating destination for visitors of all ages. Whether it is exploring historical landmarks like Big Ben, experiencing royal traditions, or indulging in the serene countryside, England offers a diverse range of experiences.A visit to England is sure to leave a lasting impression and provide an unforgettable experience for all who have the opportunity to explore this remarkable country.Chapter 5: British Cuisine England is known for its diverse and delicious cuisine. Traditional English dishes like fish and chips, roast beef with Yorkshire pudding, and shepherd's pie are favorites among locals and visitors alike. The English breakfast is another iconic dish, consisting of bacon, eggs, sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, and toast. Pubs are an integral part of English culture and serve classic pub food like bangers and mash and steak and ale pie. For those with a sweet tooth, scones with clotted cream and jam, sticky toffee pudding, and treacle tart are must-try desserts. With a rich culinary heritage, England offers a delightful experience for food lovers.Chapter 6: Literature and the ArtsEngland has a long and illustrious history in literature and the arts. It is the birthplace of some of the world's most celebrated writers and poets. William Shakespeare, known as the greatest playwright in history, produced timeless works like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. England has also produced renowned authors like Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and J.R.R. Tolkien. Visiting places associated with these literary figures, such as Stratford-upon-Avon or the Charles Dickens Museum, allows visitors to immerse themselves in the rich literary history of England. The country also has a vibrant arts scene, with world-class museums and galleries showcasing everything from Renaissance masterpieces to contemporary art.Chapter 7: Sporting HeritageEngland is considered the birthplace of many popular sports. Football, also known as soccer, has a massive following in the country, with top clubs like Manchester United, Liverpool, and Arsenal. Cricket is another beloved sport, with traditional test matches played at prestigious venues like Lord's Cricket Ground. Rugby and tennis also have passionate fan bases. Distinctive sports like rowing are celebrated, with the famous Oxford and Cambridge boat race taking place annually on the River Thames. England's sporting heritage and the opportunity to witness live matches or participate in sporting events make it an exciting destination for sports enthusiasts.Chapter 8: Festivals and EventsEngland hosts a wide range of festivals and events throughout the year, offering visitors a chance to experience the country's vibrant culture and traditions. The Glastonbury Festival is one of the mostfamous music festivals in the world, attracting music lovers from across the globe. The Notting Hill Carnival, held in London, is a vibrant celebration of Caribbean culture, with colorful parades, live music, and delicious cuisine. The Chelsea Flower Show is a renowned event for gardening enthusiasts, with stunning displays of flowers and plants. Events like Bonfire Night, celebrating Guy Fawkes' failed plot to blow up Parliament, and the Trooping the Colour parade for the Queen's birthday showcase England's rich history and traditions.Conclusion:England's diverse and rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, delicious cuisine, and exciting events make it a captivating destination for travelers. Whether one seeks to explore historical landmarks, immerse themselves in literature and the arts, indulge in traditional British cuisine, or experience the thrill of sporting events and festivals, England offers something for everyone. It is a country that seamlessly blends tradition with modernity, making it an ideal place to create lasting memories and embark on unforgettable adventures. A visit to England promises to be a remarkable journey into history, culture, and natural beauty.。
外贸英语函电
翻译Chapter 31．承蒙商会介绍，得知贵公司专门经营玻璃器皿出口业务。
我们愿与贵公司建立贸易关系，互利互惠。
We learn from the Chamber of Commerce that your company specialized in glassware, and we hope to establish trade relations with you to our mutual benefit.2．我们已经营金属矿产多年，希望能有机会与贵公司合作。
We have been in line of metal and mineral products for years and hope to have a chance of cooperation with you.3．我们了解到你方对中国瓷器很感兴趣，因此冒昧致函给您。
We learnt that you were very interested in china, so we take the liberty of writing to you.4．按照贵方要求，今特寄去我们的新产品样品，但愿样品能及时到达贵处。
In compliance with your request, we are pleased to send you the samples of our new product. Hopefully they can reach you in time.5．我们对中国的各种工艺品颇感兴趣，如能收到你方的产品目录和报价，将不胜感激。
We are interested in various kinds of Chinese Arts and Crafts and should appreciate your catalogues and quotation.Chapter 41．获悉贵公司对我们的产品感兴趣，非常感谢。
《哈利波特与秘室》第4章《在丽痕书店》中英文对照学习版
中英文对照学习版Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets《哈利˙波特与密室》Chapter FourAt Flourish and Blotts第4章在丽痕书店Life a The Burrow was as different as possibl e from life in Privet Drive. The Dursl eys like everything neat and ord ered; the Weasl eys' house burst with the strange and unexpected. Harry got a shock the first time he l ooked in the mirror over the kitchen mantelpiece and it shouted, ‘Tuck your shirt in, scruffy!' The ghoul in the attic howl ed and dropped pipes whenever he felt things were getting too quiet, and small expl osions from Fred and George's bedroom were consid ered perfectly normal. What Harry found most unusual about life at Ron's, however, wasn't the talking mirror or the clanking ghoul: it was the fact that everybody there seemed to like him.陋居的生活和女贞路的生活有着天壤之别。
德思礼一家喜欢一切都井井有条，韦斯莱家却充满了神奇和意外。
大学中国文化概况英语教材
大学中国文化概况英语教材Introduction:Chinese culture is one of the oldest and richest cultures in the world. It has a profound impact on various aspects of Chinese society, including language, customs, traditions, arts, and philosophy. Understanding Chinese culture is essential for students studying in Chinese universities. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive English textbook on the overview of Chinese culture for university students is crucial.Chapter 1: Language and CommunicationIn this chapter, students will learn about the Chinese language, its unique characteristics, and its importance in Chinese culture. The chapter will include sections on the Chinese writing system, pronunciation, grammar, and common phrases. Additionally, it will cover the cultural aspects of language, such as the use of honorifics and the significance of calligraphy.Chapter 2: History and DynastiesThis chapter will provide an overview of China's rich history and the major dynasties that shaped the country. Students will learn about significant events, influential rulers, and the cultural advancements that occurred during each dynasty. The chapter will also highlight Chinese historical figures and their contributions to China's cultural heritage.Chapter 3: Traditional Festivals and CustomsChinese culture is renowned for its vibrant festivals and unique customs. This chapter will introduce students to the most important traditionalfestivals, including the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. The customs associated with these festivals, such as lion and dragon dances, lantern riddles, and mooncake making, will be explained in detail.Chapter 4: Philosophy and ReligionChinese philosophy and religion have greatly influenced Chinese culture and society. This chapter will explore concepts such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, as well as their impact on ethics, social relationships, and personal development. Students will gain an understanding of the moral and spiritual aspects of Chinese culture through studying these philosophical and religious traditions.Chapter 5: Traditional Arts and CraftsChinese culture boasts a rich artistic heritage, including traditional arts and crafts forms such as calligraphy, painting, porcelain, and silk. This chapter will provide an introduction to these art forms, their history, techniques, and cultural significance. Students will also have the opportunity to learn about famous Chinese artists and visit renowned cultural sites.Chapter 6: Food and CuisineChinese cuisine is renowned worldwide for its diversity, flavors, and culinary techniques. This chapter will introduce students to the key elements of Chinese cuisine, regional specialties, and dining etiquette. Students will also learn about the cultural importance of food in Chinese society, such as the role of food in celebrations and social gatherings.Conclusion:A comprehensive English textbook on the overview of Chinese culture for university students will provide them with essential knowledge and understanding of China's rich cultural heritage. Through studying language, history, festivals, philosophy, arts, and cuisine, students will gain a deeper appreciation for Chinese culture and be better equipped to navigate and engage with Chinese society and its people.。
金陵老年大学英语教材
金陵老年大学英语教材Introduction:The importance of lifelong learning cannot be overstated, especially for older individuals who strive to keep their minds active and engaged. Recognizing this need, the establishment of the English curriculum at Jinling Senior University aims to provide comprehensive and enjoyable English learning experiences for mature learners. This article will delve into the content and structure of the English textbook used by the university, highlighting its key features and benefits.Chapter 1: Basic Vocabulary and ExpressionsThis chapter serves as a fundamental introduction to English vocabulary and expressions. It covers everyday topics such as greetings, introductions, numbers, colors, and basic sentence structures. The vocabulary is carefully selected to cater to the needs and interests of older learners, ensuring their immediate applicability in real-life situations.Chapter 2: Daily Life ConversationsIn this chapter, students are exposed to various conversational scenarios encountered in daily life. Topics include shopping, dining out, making appointments, and expressing preferences. Through dialogues and role-playing activities, learners enhance their practical communication skills and boost their confidence in using English in routine situations.Chapter 3: Cultural InsightsUnderstanding the cultural aspects of English-speaking countries is crucial for effective communication. This chapter introduces learners to the customs, traditions, festivals, and social norms prevalent in English-speaking societies. Through engaging reading materials and discussions, students develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of different cultures, fostering cross-cultural communication abilities.Chapter 4: Travel and TourismAs travel becomes more accessible for older adults, this chapter equips learners with the necessary language skills for the tourism context. Topics covered include booking accommodations, asking for directions, visiting tourist attractions, and interacting with locals. Practical exercises enable learners to navigate travel situations confidently, making their journeys more enjoyable and fulfilling.Chapter 5: Health and WellnessHealth is a top priority for individuals at any age, and this chapter emphasizes vocabulary and expressions related to health and wellness. Students learn to discuss common health issues, describe symptoms, and seek medical advice in English. With this knowledge, they become better equipped to communicate with healthcare professionals and understand health-related information.Chapter 6: Literature and ArtsThis chapter introduces learners to notable works of English literature and art. Students engage in discussions about renowned authors, painters, and musicians, fostering their appreciation for the rich cultural heritage ofthe English-speaking world. By analyzing excerpts from literary works and appreciating various art forms, learners develop their critical thinking skills and broaden their horizons.Conclusion:The English textbook used at Jinling Senior University incorporates a comprehensive range of topics, ensuring a well-rounded English learning experience for older adults. Through a student-centered approach, the curriculum facilitates the acquisition of practical language skills while nurturing cultural understanding and appreciation. With the aid of this thoughtfully designed textbook, students at Jinling Senior University embark on an enriching journey of lifelong learning in the realm of English language and culture.。
红楼梦第四回主要内容概括100字
红楼梦第四回主要内容概括100字英文回答：In the fourth chapter of the novel "Dream of the Red Chamber", the main focus is on the birthday celebration of Jia Zheng's mother, Lady Dowager Jia. The chapter beginswith preparations for the grand event, including decorating the mansion and inviting guests. The protagonist, Jia Baoyu, is introduced to the readers as a young, playful and mischievous boy who is loved by everyone in the family. Heis described as a sensitive and poetic young man who isfond of literature and arts. During the celebration, Baoyu entertains the guests with his witty remarks and cleverness. However, the chapter also reveals the complex relationships and power struggles within the Jia family. Lady DowagerJia's sister-in-law, Aunt Xue, tries to gain favor and influence by presenting extravagant gifts. Baoyu's grandmother, Grandmother Jia, is displeased with Aunt Xue's behavior and scolds her. This chapter sets the stage forthe conflicts and intrigues that will unfold in the futurechapters of the novel.中文回答：《红楼梦》第四回的主要内容是贾母的寿辰庆典。
易仁荣英语《 新高考英语600句》
易仁荣英语《新高考英语600句》全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Easyglory English "New 600 Sentences for the New College Entrance Examination"With the reform of the college entrance examination, English has become a subject of increasing importance for high school students in China. To help students improve their English skills and excel in the exam, Easyglory English has compiled a new book titled "New 600 Sentences for the New College Entrance Examination". This book aims to provide students with a comprehensive and practical guide to mastering the English language and achieving success in the exam.The book contains 600 essential sentences that cover a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and speaking. Each sentence is carefully selected to reflect the latest trends and requirements of the new college entrance examination. The sentences are designed to help students improve their Englishproficiency and build a strong foundation for further study and career development.In addition to the sentences, the book also includes exercises and practice questions to help students reinforce what they have learned and apply it in real-life situations. The exercises are designed to test students' understanding of the sentences and help them identify areas for improvement. By practicing regularly, students can enhance their English skills and boost their confidence in the exam.Furthermore, the book also provides tips and strategies for success in the college entrance examination. These tips are based on the experiences of successful students and teachers who have helped countless students achieve outstanding results in the exam. By following the advice in the book, students can maximize their potential and improve their chances of success in the exam.Overall, "New 600 Sentences for the New College Entrance Examination" is a valuable resource for high school students who are preparing for the college entrance examination. It offers a comprehensive and practical guide to mastering the English language and achieving success in the exam. By studying thebook diligently and practicing regularly, students can improve their English skills, boost their confidence, and excel in the exam.篇2Introduction:The new edition of the Easy Achieve English "New College English 600 Sentences" is a comprehensive guide for students preparing for the new high school English exam. This book covers a wide range of topics and provides essential vocabulary and grammar points to help students improve their English skills.Chapter 1: Daily LifeIn this chapter, students will learn basic vocabulary and expressions related to daily life such as greetings, describing people and places, and talking about daily routines. This chapter includes practical exercises and examples to help students master essential English phrases for everyday communication.Chapter 2: EducationThe education chapter covers topics such as school life, studying abroad, and discussing educational goals. Students will learn key vocabulary related to education and develop theirspeaking and writing skills through exercises that focus on discussing educational experiences and aspirations.Chapter 3: Work and CareerIn this chapter, students will learn vocabulary and expressions related to work and career development. Topics include job interviews, professional skills, and workplace communication. The chapter also provides guidance on writing resumes and cover letters to help students prepare for the workforce.Chapter 4: Social IssuesThe social issues chapter explores current events and topics such as environmental protection, poverty alleviation, and gender equality. Students will learn how to discuss important societal issues in English and develop critical thinking skills through debates and discussions on relevant topics.Chapter 5: Culture and ArtsThe culture and arts chapter covers a wide range of topics including literature, music, film, and art. Students will learn vocabulary and expressions related to cultural activities and develop their appreciation for different forms of artistic expression.Conclusion:The Easy Achieve English "New College English 600 Sentences" offers a comprehensive and practical guide for students preparing for the new high school English exam. With its focus on essential vocabulary, grammar points, and practical exercises, this book is an invaluable resource for English learners looking to improve their language skills and succeed in their academic and professional endeavors.篇3Easy Renrong English "New College Entrance Examination English 600 Sentences" is a comprehensive English learning tool designed to help students prepare for the new college entrance examination. This book contains essential English sentences carefully selected to cover a wide range of topics and situations that are commonly encountered in the college entrance examination.The purpose of this book is to help students improve their English language skills in all aspects, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Each sentence is accompanied by its phonetic transcription, Chinese translation, and example sentences for better understanding and memorization.The book is divided into different sections, each focusing on a specific area of English language learning, such as vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and idiomatic expressions. This structured approach allows students to learn and practice English in a systematic way, helping them build a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.In addition to the 600 essential English sentences, the book also provides exercises and practice tests to help students test their understanding and retention of the material. Thestep-by-step approach of the book ensures that students can progress at their own pace and gradually improve their English language skills.Overall, Easy Renrong English "New College Entrance Examination English 600 Sentences" is a valuable resource for students preparing for the new college entrance examination. It provides a comprehensive and structured approach to English language learning, helping students build confidence and achieve success in the examination.。
讲述中华优秀传统文化的书
讲述中华优秀传统文化的书Title: Exploring the Richness of Chinese Exemplary Traditional CultureIntroduction:China boasts a splendid and profound cultural heritage, shaped by thousands of years of history. A book that explores the Chinese exemplary traditional culture seeks to delve into the roots of Chinese civilization, uncovering its essence, and conveying its wisdom and values to readers worldwide. By shedding light on the treasures of Chinese traditional culture, this book aims to foster cross-cultural understanding and appreciation, while inspiring readers to discover the beauty of this ancient civilization.Chapter 1: The Essence of Chinese Traditional CultureThis chapter introduces readers to the various aspects that define Chinese exemplary traditional culture. It discusses the Three Teachings (Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism) and their enduring impact on Chinese society. Furthermore, it delves into the importance of filial piety, respect for elders, and the concept of family in shaping Chinese values and ethics.Chapter 2: Literature and ArtsChinese literature and arts have left an indelible mark on the world. This chapter explores the works of prominent Chinese poets, such as Li Bai and Du Fu, and novelists like Cao Xueqin, introducing readers to the beauty and elegance of classical Chinese literature. It also highlights the sophistication of traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, and opera.Chapter 3: Festivals and CustomsThis chapter focuses on the various festivals and customs that permeate Chinese society. It explains the significance of Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival, shedding light on the distinctive traditions and rituals associated with each celebration. Through an exploration of traditional customs, readers gain insight into the values and beliefs that remain integral to Chinese culture.Chapter 4: Chinese Cuisine and MedicineChinese cuisine, renowned for its flavor and diversity, is intertwined with traditional Chinese medicine. This chapter provides an overview of the eight regional culinary styles in China, highlighting the significance of dietary balance and harmony in Chinese culture. It also delves into the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, with a focus on acupuncture and herbal remedies. Chapter 5: Wisdom for LifeThis chapter delves into the practical wisdom embodied in Chinese exemplary traditional culture. It examines the concept of harmony, emphasizing the importance of balance in all aspects of life. Additionally, it explores Chinese proverbs and philosophical teachings, offering readers guidance on how to navigate the complexities of modern life.Conclusion:Through the exploration of Chinese exemplary traditional culture, this book aims to bridge the gapbetween cultures, inviting readers to appreciate the wisdom, beauty, and depth of this ancient civilization. By embracing the values and lessons embedded within Chinese culture, readers can gain not only a deeper understanding of China but also valuable insights to enhance their own personal growth and enrich their lives.。
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1.3 An overview of classics of C&W literature
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Warm-up cases Choose from the following forms of writing what can be counted as literature:
□ news report
• 2) The Middle English Period • the Middle Ages (1066-1485)
• Middle English: The Canterbury Tales , Geoffrey
• 3) The Renaissance (1500-1660)
• Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classic works. • William Shakespeare
3
1. A brief introduction to C&W literature
中西文学简介
1. A brief introduction to C&W literature
1.1 Categories / genres of literature 1.2 Main periods of C&W literature
Hamlet (1601) Othello (1604) King Lear (1605) Macbeth (1606) Romeo and Juliet (1595)
•
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four tragedies Hamlet
Othello
Macbeth
1.1 Categories / genres of literature stories, poems and plays, especially those that are considered to have value as art and not just entertainment. (MacMillan Dictionary)
In-class discussion
• Try to translate the following terms or sentences.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) ―初唐四杰‖ 《尚书》 《孔雀东南飞》 《窦娥冤》 《论语》 “路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”。
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Answers （refer to 《中国文化概况》） 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) The Four literary Eminences The Book of History Southeast the Peacock Flies The Injustice to Dou E The Analects of Confucius The journey is long,/ I’ll search up and down.
第四讲 中西文学与艺术
Contents
•1. A brief introduction to C&W literature •2. Major differences between C&W literature •3. Comparison between C&W painting
•4. C&W architectural cultures
writings in prose or verse; especially writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest.
(Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, 11th Edition)
Water Margin
• It was the first novel to deal with the subject of peasant revolts in China.
• It is about the story of the rebellion of the 108 heroes at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.
1.1 Categories / genres of literature
• The two kinds of narrative fiction you will read most often are short stories and novels. • Myths (神话), parables (寓言), romances (传 奇), and epics (史诗) are also part of the genre.
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The Four Literary Eminences (初唐四杰)
• Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin • Their poems, in a refined language, boast beautiful tonal patterns and rhyme schemes.
Dream of the Red Mansions
• The greatest novel in Chinese literature. • The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Instead of just telling the love story, it taps the social origins of the tragedy through probing deeply into the characters’ minds and complicated relationships.
Journey to the West
• An outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales. And also a masterpiece about deities (神仙) and ghosts.
It tells of the Tang Dynasty monk, Xuan Zang overcoming 81 adversities and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India, assisted by his three disciples: Sun Wu Kong, Zhu Ba Jie, and Sha Seng.
□ novel
□ research paper
□ diary □ poem □ letter
How do you make the choice? (What makes you treat
something as literature while dismissing others as non-literature? )
1.2 Main periods of C&W literature
Four main periods of Chinese literature development : – Classical: pre—late Qing – Modern: 1840—May 4th, 1919 – Revolutionary: 1919—1949 – Contemporary: 1949—present
King Lear
four comedies
Much Ado about nothing
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1.3 An overview of classics of C&W literature Four famous Chinese classics of literature Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》 Water Margin《水浒传》 Journey to the West《西游记》 Dream of the Red Mansions《红楼梦》
• Satire (讽刺文学), making fun of people, came to full growth in this century. Jonathan Swift , Daniel Defoe
• 5) The Romantic Period (1785-1830)
Romantic Poets： William Wordsworth，Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats.
南京工业大学英语拓展课系列
Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultumparison between Chinese and Western Cultures 中西方文化比较
Chapter 4 Literature and Arts
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• 4) The Neo-classical Period (1660-1785)
• Classicism prevailed for the most part of the century with Alexander Pope as its representative.
6) The Victorian Period (1832-1901)
• Critical Realism：Charles Dickens， Jane Austen，Bronte Sisters， Thomas Hardy