2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译11-20篇
2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)
2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年综合类职称英语——阅读理解(DOC)
第四部分阅读理解授课内容：1.题型介绍及考查目标2.阅读理解的出题形式3.答题技巧4.教材重点文章讲解题型介绍该部分考查应试者对不同体裁和不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过阅读获取材料信息（主旨和细节信息）的能力。
要求应试者阅读3篇具有一定难度级别的文章，每篇文章300-450词，每篇文章后有5道小题，应试者应根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
考查目标应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。
6大阅读理解能力：1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2）了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3）利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；4）既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；5）根据所读材料进行判断和推论；6）领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
阅读理解的出题形式细节题根据上下文猜测词义题主旨题作者观点态度题推理判断题答题技巧细节题1.关键词定位题：根据关键词（时间、地点、数字、名词、专有名词、重要实词或短语等）定位原句，正确选项通常是原句再现、原词再现或同义改写。
例1：American researchers say that lead poisoning may be the cause of tooth damage in ____ children in the U.S.A.almost 1 millionB.more than 2 millionC.almost 2 billionD.about 57 million原文：Children with high levels of lead in their blood may be more likely to have bad teeth. American researchers say that lead poisoning may be the cause of tooth damage in more than 2 million children in the United States.[答疑编号506324040101]【正确答案】B【答案解析】细节题。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(4)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA.design fully automatic cars.B.develop faster electric vehicles.C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toA.heavy traffic.B.human mistakes.C.engine failure.D.bad weather.3.Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.B.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.C.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.D.Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toA.reduce oil consumption.B.remove the obstacles on the road.C.call for help when one’s car crashes.D.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?A.It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.答案与题解：1.C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。
2014年职称英语综合A级真题及答案
•第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. national••第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语试题及答案
2014年职称英语《综合类C级》预测题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有底横线,请为每处底横线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、I am not certain whether he will come.A.determinedB.sureC.sorryD.glad2、She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A.noticedB.heardC.realizedD.got3、Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A.contactB.seeC.helpD.touch4、In short, I am going to live there myself.A.In other wordsB.That is to sayC.In a wordD.To be frank5、He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct .A.styleB.behaviorC.modeD.attitude6、I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.A.makingB.keepingC.changingD.implementing7、Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A.readilyB.casuallyC.obviouslyD.simply8、We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person.A.shyB.stupidC.dullD.selfish9、The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A.promoteB.paintC.produceD.polish10、They only have a limited amount of time to get their points.rgeB.totalC.smallD.similar11、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power12、Can you follow the plot?A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand13、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard14、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event15、Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions .A.statementsB.beliefsC.suggestionsD.claims第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
2014年全国职称英语卫生类A级考前试题及答案内部学习请勿泄露
2014年全国职称英语卫生类（A级）考前真题及答案（内部学习，请勿泄露）第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
2014年全国职称英语卫生类（A级）复习交流Q群：294，647，9991 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案
2014年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. national参考答案：bdada abbbc adddb第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生B真题及答案
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. angerC. CalmD. disappointment2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situationA.copyB. furnishC. publishD. summariza3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigidA.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official4.He led a very moral lifeA.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural5.The majority of people around here are decentA.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy6.His knowledge of French is fairA.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special7.The group does not advocate the use of violenceA.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginningA. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results9.It was a magic night until the spell was brokenA.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systemA. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine11.Several windows had been smashedA.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the dayA. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model13.London quickly became a flourishing portA.majorrgeC.successfulmercial14.His professional career spanned 16 yearsA.stareedB.changedC.movedsted15.His stomach felt hollow with fearA. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their lockers.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(2)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(4)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
TV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller" lists with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliation them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.注释：1. the size of the audience：观众的数目、规模。
2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译1-10篇
第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles （福特放弃电动汽车）译文：分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。
福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。
3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。
但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。
“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Time Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电动车已做了最大努力的尝试。
”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需要6小时。
通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。
昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。
日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42,000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。
丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。
“应该说电池电动车已经获得了充分的机会。
福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。
”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth 组织的一位高级交通运输代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。
日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。
混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可以自行充电。
福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。
不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。
六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。
2014年职称英语(理工类)阅读理解答案(非常全职称考试必备)
2014年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解综合C级：第一篇至第十六篇综合B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇（第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach为新增文章）综合A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra为新增文章）孙老师特别提示：此50篇阅读理解只为大家熟悉文章中文意思，万一考到好有准备，请大家一定不要做这50篇的练习，避免受到误导，练习务必以课上历年考试原卷为准。
具体说明专业课临终关怀为大家讲解。
综合C级：第一篇Telling Tales about People（综合C）One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.1. This passage is mostly about _______.A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesB) famous autobiographiesC) why biography can be difficult to writeD) differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote _______.A) a memoir B) an autobiographyC) a work of fiction D) a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they _______.A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB) constantly compete with biography writersC) want to present themselves in a good lightD) have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by _______.A) defining itB) giving an exampleC) explaining why it is hard to writeD) telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means _______.A) able to swim in deep water B) similar or alikeC) varied or different D) enjoying poetry第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
2014职称英语
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2.2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. Dull3. 3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. Lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. National第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C."Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-em ployed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press , I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or ru n after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficultlife situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behin d police lines. And I wasn't alone. In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible i ncident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and tele vision photographers on the scene –and fast…How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying abo ut the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-busi ness saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image （图象）. You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and d ocument the scene.But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first m inutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and deathis usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through b idding contests.I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, d ealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites（伪君子）who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believ e, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited "them". In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
14年职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷答案及解析
全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷参考答案（一）1 C2 A3 A4 D5 C6 B7 C8 B9 C 10 C 11 D 12 A 13 D 14 A 15 D 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 C 21 C 22 A 23 B 24 E 25 A 26 D 27 E 28 C 29 A 30 F 31 D 32 C 33 A 34 B 35 D 36 C 37 A 38 D 39 A 40 C 41 B 42 A 43 C 44 D 45 C 46 E 47 A 48 D 49 C 50 B 51 B 52 A 53 D 54 C 55 B 56 A 57 D 58 C 59 A 60 B 61 D 62 B 63 A 64 C 65 D其中：第1-15题，每题1分，共15分；第16-22题，每题1分，共7分；第23-30题，每题1分，共8分；第31-45题，每题3分，共45分；第46-50题，每题2分，共10分；第51-65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷（一）解析第1部分：词汇选项l C room这个词通常的意思是“房间”，但它还可以作“空间”解，在作“空间”解时它是个不可数名词。
本句的意思是“我们会给每一位教师发展的空间。
”又如：There is still room for improvement（还有改进的余地。
）在四个选项中只有space有“空间”的意义。
2 A动词identify的意思是“指认、认出”，name做动词有“命名”的意思，但也有“说出……的名字，指出”的意思。
在这个语境里和identify同义。
capture是“抓获”的意思，call sb。
则是“喊，给……打电话”的意思。
3 A occur的意思是发生，在四个选项中只有happen和它同义，又如：I don't rememberwhat actually happened/occurred我记不起到底发生了什么事。
2014全国职称英语综合类新增ABC级文章及答案详解
2014年职称英语综合类新增ABC级文章及答案详解第二部分阅读判断第九篇What Is a Dream?（B级）For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person‟s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person‟s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2was once a student of Freud‟s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person‟s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men‟s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women‟s dreams.3Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn‟t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It‟s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist / saɪ' kɔlədʒɪst / n．心理学家psychiatrist /sai' kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病学家(医生)Austrian / ' ɔstrɪən / adj．奥地利的gender / ' dʒendə / n．性别注释：1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语考试新增阅读理解原文、试题解析及译文
阅读理解综合、理工新增第二十九篇I’II Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can‟t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach （1685-1750）and the Bachlike compositions from Cope‟s computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers‟ brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever hear d. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope,only the great composers are able to create the database accurately , remember it, and form new musical pattems from it.Cope built a‟huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for pattems. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren‟t good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do - he had a \Nhole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work,to the database.A few years later, Cope‟s computer program, called“ Emmy” , was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer‟s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy , the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling,and it was a great successl Cope received some of the est reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn‟t like of her music,but she is doing most of the hard work of mposing these days !词汇：original adj．有独创性的collaboration n．合作review n．评论feedback n．反馈注释：J．S．Bach：约翰，塞巴斯蒂安。
2014年职称英语《卫生A》真题答案解析
1答案：A 形容词。
hollow“空腹的；空的”，选项中只有empty同义，故选A。
本句的意思是：他因害怕而感到腹中空空。
sincere“真诚的；诚挚的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”；terrible“可怕的”。
2答案：B 动词。
duplicate“复制；重复”，reproduce“复制；重现”，因此两词都意为“复制”，选B。
本句意为：最初的实验不能完全复制。
invent“发明、创造”；design“设计、构思”；report“报告”。
3 答案：B 动词。
span“持续”，与last同义，选B。
本句的意思是：他的职业生涯长达16年。
start“开始”；change“改变”；move“移动”。
4答案：B 名词。
deed“（所做的）事情；行为”，act“行为、行动”，两者同义，故选B。
本句意思是：她觉得她这一天做了好事。
homework“家庭作业”；Justice“公正；正义”；model“典型；模范”。
5答案：A 动词。
advocate意为“提倡、拥护”，support“支持、拥护”，两者同义，选A。
本句的意思是：该集团不主张使用暴力。
limit“限制、限定”；regulate“调节、控制”；oppose“反对；对抗”。
6答案：D 形容词。
stationary“静止的、不动的”，motionless“静止的、一动不动的”，两词同义，故选D。
本句意为：一些大鸟能在空中保持静止几分钟。
silent“安静的、寂静的”；seated“就座的；固定的”；true“正确的；真实的”。
7答案：A 名词。
inclination意为“倾向、趋向”，tendency与它同义，故选A。
本句意为：有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的科学。
point“要点、重点”；result“结果”；finding“发现”。
8答案：A 形容词。
absurd“滑稽可笑的；荒谬的”，ridiculous“可笑的；荒谬的”，两词同义，故选A。
2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译31-50篇
第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）飓风是一种猛烈、强力、螺旋形式的热带风暴。
直径可达124到1240英里。
飓风（hurricane）一词是由Hurican一词衍生而来，指印第安人风暴之神的名字。
飓风的特征是其中心的无风区域，那里的气压低，直径在12到60英里之间，被称做风眼。
它们在热带区域出现。
在飓风肆虐的整个过程中，有一种飓风可释放相当于1万颗核弹的能量。
飓风形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在温暖的热带水面之上。
只有当海平面的温度超过27摄氏度并且周围的空气稳定时，飓风才能形成，壮大。
在六月到十一月之间的北半球这些条件可被达到。
在这种情况下，大量的水蒸气凝结成云和雨，并在此过程中释放热量。
正是这些热能，加上地球的自转驱动着飓风。
当海平面的柱状暖气流首次开始上升时，它会引起一片低气压区。
而这连带地形成了风，因为空气被吸引流动进这一低气压区域。
这一旋转运动的风带起了海面上更多的充满水汽的空气。
这一过程增大了暴风的威力。
冷空气通过暴风中心降回海面，落到暴风外围。
一开始，当风速达到每小时23英里时，这些温和、潮湿灰色的气候系统被称做低气压区。
2005年的8月23日，卡特里娜飓风以这种方式在巴哈马群岛东南形成。
卡特里娜飓风对美国的墨西哥湾沿岸造成了毁灭性打击。
其后留下了面积为9万平方英里的受灾区域——几乎和英国的面积一样大。
数以千计的人因此伤亡。
五十多万人被迫离开家园，如此大规模的人道主义危机是美国自大萧条以来还未经历过的。
此次飓风造成的破坏可能超过l千亿美元。
1 飓风眼是指？C 中心的无风区域的气压低，直径在12到60英里之间2 下面第二段，飓风形成的要求不包括？A 热带水域的水温较暖，水面平静3 第三段，单词drive的最好解释是？C 提供动力，并促使形成4 第四段当暖空气从海平面上升时，B 它形成了低气压5 关于卡特里娜飓风，不正确的一项是？D 造成的人道主义危机如经济大萧条一样严重第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine（读心机）一个加州的研究团队开发了一种可以通过扫描人体大脑所发生的变化从而预测出这个人正在看一些什么样的物体的方法。
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第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach（当我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口）我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界，五官感受还受大脑活动的影响。
一项新的研究发现，饥饿的人比刚刚用过餐的人更能清晰地看到与食物相关的词汇。
数十年来，心里学家已经知道我们的心里活动直接影响到我们的视觉。
例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大，饥饿的人看到食物的图片更明亮。
法国的尼斯.索菲亚.安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象。
发生这种现象是在看到事物的当时，还是稍后延迟到大脑高级思维活动已经介入。
雷戴尔招募了42个健康指数正常的学生作为测试者。
在测试当天，每个学生被告诉在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次用餐时间由3~4小时。
等他们到达实验室时被告知实验时间有延迟。
一半学生被告知十分钟后回来，另一半学生给1个小时的实际先去吃午饭。
所以当实验室一半学生是饥饿状态，而另一半学生刚刚吃过饭。
这个实验，就是要求参与者看着电脑屏幕。
屏幕上的80个单词以1/300秒的频率闪动。
由于字体太小，被测试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。
1/4的字是与食物相关的。
每闪动一个单词，被测试者要回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是与食物相关的，比如蛋糕；一类是中性词，比如船。
由于每个单词闪动的太快以至于被测试者根本看不清楚词是什么。
饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。
由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。
雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。
雷戴尔说：“这对我来说是一件伟大的事情。
人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。
该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。
”1第一段提到的新的研究发现了什么？A 饥饿的人看每一个单词都比普通的人更清晰B 饥饿的人一直都在想与食物相关的词C 饥饿的人比饱腹的人对食物相关的词汇更敏感D 饥饿的人不是低思维的人2 为什么在测试的那天测试有个延迟？A 因为饥饿的人需要时间吃饭B 因为雷戴尔想要形成两组测试人群，饥饿的和饱腹的人C 因为中午对任何测试都不是合适的时间D 因为雷戴尔需要时间选取身体合格的测试者3 作者想要告诉我们什么？A 人类的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界B 我们的感知怎么受我们的思维支配C 我们大脑的活动受到我们的动机和需求的支配D 思维保证我们感知功能的正常运行4 实验的结果表明？A 80个单词在屏幕上闪的太快以至于参与者不能真正感知它们B 饥饿的人更善于认识中性词C 吃过饭的人更善于识别与食物相关的词汇D 参与者仅仅接受它们需要或者他们渴望的词汇5 从这篇文章我们能推知？A 42个参与者对于一个严格的实验来说数目太少B 用饥饿与不饥饿的参与者得出的实验结果是不可靠的C 我们的思维过程独立于我们的感知D 人类可以感知他们所需要的东西在大脑思维没有介入的情况下第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass（佛罗里达遭受冷空气袭击）2003年1月，美国东部2/3的地区处于强冷空气团的控制下，强冷空气团给佛罗里达的柑橘树造成了威胁，同时也使北部的港口处于被冻结状态。
冷空气团使北卡罗来纳州沿岸地区的居民不知所措，不停地铲着尺把深的积雪。
随着温度降到个位数，南方大部分地区寒意加深。
在南佛罗里达部分地区，气温前所未有地降到冰点以下。
气温在佛罗里达骤降，西棕榈海岸的气温创纪录地降至2度。
“我们不能相信有多冷”，这周刚从英国来到奥兰多的马丁.金，“我们带了运动裤、T 恤，但我不得不出去买件大衣。
”气温的骤降对佛罗里达每年价值91亿美元的柑橘产量造成了威胁，大部分的柑橘还在树上。
果农们正赶在柑橘冻坏前尽可能的采摘完。
“时间对柑橘成熟是非常重要的，”果农汤姆.罗根斯说，他预计冷空气会对橘子和柚子造成损害。
佛罗里达州州长杰夫·布什签署了一份紧急命令，这个命令取消了对卡车上货物的重量限制，这样，果农们就能使尽可能多的柑橘上市。
佛罗里达州柑橘信托基金会的发言人Casey Pace女士说，果农们用洒水器向果树喷水，这使果树表面形成了一层冰，冰有助于气温维持在冰点附近。
如果气温降到-2℃以下超过4个小时，柑橘就会被冻坏。
厚度从薄薄一层到30厘米的雪覆盖了卡罗来纳、田纳西和弗吉尼亚的部分地区。
1 下面那句不是前两段传达出来的意思？A 冷空气团对佛罗里达的柑橘种植是一种威胁B 预计美国整个南部的气温都降低至冰点以下C 北方港口被冰雪覆盖D 美国东部2/3被冷空气袭击2 根据第二段，那个地球气温降至冰点以下？A 南部大部分地区B 南佛罗里达内部地区C 西棕榈海岸D 以上所有3 King 说的“我们带了运动裤、T恤，但我不得不出去买件大衣。
”说明了？A 他被邹然降温给冻到了B 他需要正常的衣服C 时尚在佛罗里达是诱人的D 佛罗里达比英国热4 市长Jeb签署紧急命令是为了？A 速度限制对卡车是不合理的B 试图改善交通条件C 试图鼓励卡车尽可能多地运柑橘去市场D 试图阻止卡车运太多柑橘去市场5 根据最后一段下面那句话是不正确的？A 给柑橘喷水是为了阻止柑橘被冻坏B 柑橘树将会被冻坏如果温度低于零下2度四个小时及以上C 卡罗来纳、田纳西和弗吉尼亚的部分地区被雪覆盖D 佛罗里达柑橘会向柑橘树喷水是为了帮助其生长第十三篇Invisibility Ring（隐形环）到目前为止，科学家还不能造出哈里.波特使用过的隐身斗篷。
但是他们率先研制出了一种与其类似的装置，这种装置能使自身和置身于其中的物体不受微波的探测。
当一个人“看”某物体时，他的眼睛就会感知到从那个物体反射过来的光波。
眼睛和大脑一同工作，编辑这些光感并重建其原貌。
所以，如果要让一个物体隐形，科学家们就必须阻止光波反射。
并且他们得确保此物体没有阴影。
否则，反射光的缺失会使物体显现。
鉴于人眼对光波的感知性，要想隐形某物体很难做到，但对微波就可以做到。
如同可见光，微波是一种辐射能。
他们是电磁波谱的一部分，其中也包括无线电波、红外线光、紫外线、x射线和伽马射线。
微波的波长比无线电波短，但比可见光长。
科学家研制出的这种新型隐身装置和杯垫一般大小，形状像个环。
由于它是特殊材料制成，因此具有非同寻常的功能。
当微波射向它时，仅有极少的光会反射回去，这些光会从一端穿过这个环，并在此过程中沿着弯曲的路线前进，直到抵达另一端。
最后光波回到原来的路线。
对于在环的另一端放置的探测器来说，光波看上去就像从来没有改变过路径一样，即好像没有遇到障碍物。
这样一来，这个环就如同没有存在过。
研究者又将一个铜线圈放进环里，依然得到同样的结果。
不过，这个环和里面的东西还是会留下一点影子。
环形隐身器只能作用于微波，而不能作用于可见光及电磁波。
因此，哈里，波特的隐形斗篷目前还没有竞争对手。
1 文章中哈里.波特被提到，因为科学家A 因为科学家现在制造出了和哈里.波特一样的隐身斗篷B 试图制造一个和哈里.波特一样的隐身斗篷C 试图制造一个类似于哈里.波特用的隐身斗篷的装置D 知道这是不可能的制造一个隐身斗篷2 关于微波下面那个是正确的？A 波长比可见光短B 波长比可见光长C 与可见光不同微波是一种辐射能D 是一种可见光3 关于这个隐形装置下面那句是不正确的？A 它是一种不同寻常的材料制成的B 微波照射它时，将被反射C 微波照射它时直接通过D 它被反射到各种方向直到到达相反方向4 单词“coaster”是什么意思？A 磁盘和水杯下的垫，用来保护桌面B 从事沿海贸易的船只C 过山车D 沿海区的居民5 哈里.波特的隐形衣还没有真正的竞争对手，因为A 科学家还没有发现隐形衣的原理B 该隐形装置是完全的失败C 该隐形装置仅对微波有用D 该隐形装置仅仅对可见光有用第十四篇Japanses Car Watch for Drunk Drivers（日本车关注酒驾）日本日产公司日前开发了一种新型概念车，这种车含有呼气酒精检测器和其他一些装置，用来防止那些醉酒和过于疲劳的司机上路驾驶。
车上的传感器能检测出车中的酒气，并通过监测司机身上的汗味探知酒精度。
车中的电脑系统能报警，甚至还能在司机超速行驶时锁住引擎。
这个气味传感器被牢牢固定在驾驶员和乘客的座位上。
另一个探测器装在车的换挡把手上，用来测试司机的掌心的汗液。
其他的汽车制造商业开发了类似的探测系统。
比如，瑞典的沃尔沃在汽车的安全带上安装了很多呼气酒精检测器，司机在开车前必须向里吹气。
这种新型概念车还在仪表盘上装有照相机，通过检测驾驶员的双眼探知其清醒程度。
如果发现司机需要停车休息，便用英语或日语发出警告。
汽车检测技术仍在发展，总裁Kazuhiro Doi指出：综合多种探测技术将对整体技术水平的提高更为有利。
例如，若是换挡装置探测器被乘客代用，面部识别技术仍能受用。
日产公司并没有明确将此项技术推向市场的时间，只是试图借助此项技术在2015年把死亡率降到1995年的一半。
如若探知司机昏昏欲睡，完全带会自动收紧，外部照相机也会检查汽车是否偏离路线。
尽管如此，Doi承认有一些技术，如气味传感器仍有待改进。
因为对很多人来说，往往只喝一口就会被检测出来。
为避免这类事件的发生，必须研究激活系统的最低限度。
在英国，一些组织正在运用类似的先进技术来研究司机的行为和路标设置的有效性。
1 关于新型概念车下面那句是不正确的？A 它有一个传感系统，在司机喝醉酒后会发出警告B 它具有酒精检测器C 在点火系统具有传感器锁定器D 它有呼吸检测系统2 沃尔沃发展什么技术？A 与前面段落里面提到检测系统一样的技术B 汽车安全带上附加了一个酒精探测器C 智能汽车安全带D 智能引擎3 第四段提到的相机的功能是？A 检测司机的眼睛看他是否需要休息B 判断司机是否需要拉过C 判断司机是否需要休息D 当司机说话是它会发出警告4 Doi说的话指出：A 检测技术的整体效果得到了改善B 日产已经做出了该项技术推向市场的时间表C 改善检测系统的整体效果是不可能的D 日产汽车提高整体技术效果是为了降低死亡率5 下面那句话在第六段没有提到？A 外部照相机会检查汽车是否偏离路线B 车会自动保持其车道C 安全带会收紧当司机被发现昏昏欲睡时D 酒精气味检测技术应该被改善第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly（机器人学飞行）自然界中的飞行学习经历了几百万年的反复实践和磨练，而安装机翼的机器人仅在数小时内就成功实现突破，用的是同进化原理。
瑞典Gothenburg Chalmers科技大学的Krister Wolff 和Peter Nordin 研制出带翼的机器人，着手测试它能否在不预设振翅数据程序的条件下自行学会飞行。
首先，机器人只是飘忽不定地振动盘桓，不过它的运动逐渐获得了上升高度，起初，它想走走捷径，试图仅用翅尖保持直立。