定语从句2

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

一、介词+关系代词

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式问题，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句,指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which,即介词+which/whom.常有以下几种结构：

1.介词+关系代词(which/whom)

Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

=Mandela was the black lawyer(whom/who/that)I went to for advice.

Yesterday he bought a telescope through which he could study the sky.

2.介词的选择，该结构主要从以下几方面考虑。

先行词跟介词的搭配

I'll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.(把the day带入从句后，加on才成立，即we worked together on the day in the countryside)

The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through which we could see what was happening inside the house.(through which即through the hole)

(2)定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求

The two things of which they felt pound were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.

有时候还有从逻辑意义方面考虑

Do you know the girl_____whom the man talked just now?

(talk后用to,with还是about,则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或to 比较好）

特别提示

有些动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。常见的这类动词有：look for,look after,take care of等

The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy.

巩固练习：介词如何选

1.Do you like the book_______________she spent$10?

2.Do you like the book_______________she paid$10?

3.Do you like the book_______________she learned a lot?

4.Do you like the book_______________she often talks?

5.I have a pair of glasses,_____________________I can’t see anything

7.This is the car___________I go to work every day.

8.This is the car___________I can’t go to work.

9.This is the car___________the old man was knocked down.

10.This is the car___________a boy threw a stone.

11.This is the car___________we talked.

13.Daniel is the person______________I talked just now.

______________I worked together.

______________I learned the news.

下面句子中，介词能提前吗？

Is this the watch that you are looking for?

The old man whom I am looking after is better.

3.特殊句型：

（1）"介词+关系代词"后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

He has a knife with which to defend himself.=He has a knife with which he can defend himself.（2）先行词way后定语从句

当先行词是way，在从句中作方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which,that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。

I don't understand the way in which/that/-they worked out the problem.

试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同

The way that/which/-he explained to us was not difficult to understand.(关系代词that/which 在从句中作宾语）

The way that/in which/--he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way）

典例

I will tell you the way_____you can study English well,because I know the way____you have accepted is not the best.

how;how B.that;that C.which;which D.in which;in which

名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级，最高级/序数词/百分数/分数+of+关系代词(which/whom) Last Sunday I bought some books from bookstore,three of which were English novels.

=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,of which three were English novels.

He wrote a book,the name of which I've completely forgotten.

The old man has two daughters,both of whom are doctors.

China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.

在正式书面英语中，可用of which或of whom来代替whose，但要注意定冠词的使用

In my class there are50students,the backgrounds of whom are different.

=whose backgrounds are different.

I have a pencil-box,the cover of which is red.

=whose cover is red.

注意观察以下几个句子：

Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.

whose price

of which the price

Recently I bought an ancient vase，and its price was very reasonable.

Recently I bought an ancient vase，its price very reasonable.

（4）当先行词为one of+复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；the only/very one+复数名词是，从句谓语动词用单数形式。

（1）He is one of the students who have made great progress.

(2)He is the only one of the students who has great progress.

课后检测

1.The buses,______were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A.most of them

B.most of which

C.which most

D.that most

2.There are two buildings,______stands nearly a hundred feet high.

A.the larger

B.the larger of them

C.the larger one that

D.the larger of which

3.Recently my father bought a Chinese painting,______was very reasonable.