白鹭洲中学2020-2021学年高三年级上学期第三次周考
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：生态文学在中国发展的时间不长，仍是一个新兴的文学形态。
生态文学作家们努力探索和尝试，让生态文学理念和实践在中国大地扎下根来。
总结当代生态文学创作面貌，主要有以下三方面特质。
报告文学表现突出，多种文学体裁并进。
早期生态文学多采取第一人称叙述视角，文学形式以报告文学和散文居多。
报告文学如徐刚写沙漠化防治的《穿越风沙线》，岳非丘写长江污染防治的《只有一条长江》等，可谓第一人称表达范例。
散文如苇岸写华北大平原上动物、植物及农事活动的《大地上的事情》等，影响深远。
近年来，小说和儿童文学领域也不乏生态文学佳作，带给我们惊喜。
长篇小说周建新写人与海的《老滩》，儿童文学如黑鹤写动物的《银狐》等，都可圈可点。
全面观照生态文明建设各领域进展。
近年来，大气、水、土壤污染防治以及植被保护成效明显，生态文学作家以自觉的使命感和担当精神，关注和思考生态环境问题，热情讴歌和礼赞生态环境保护者。
陈启文《穿越共和盆地》真实记录与反映新中国治沙成就，李云峰《汾河行思录》关注水土保持生态建设，等等。
这些作品涉及生态文明建设多个领域，呼吁人们提高生态环保意识，以更大力度、更多措施开创社会主义生态文明建设新局面。
以与时俱进的生态文明理念为当代文学增添新质。
生态文学特征是什么？通过研究作家创作活动和作品，不难发现，生态文学一个重要特征是突出作家置身自然的体验和感受，或者说，作家对人与自然关系的认识及其体验和感受，这是生态文学的独特之处。
生态文学作家将人类社会与自然生态作为一个整体进行观照，无论记人、叙事、状物、抒情，或是回溯历史、描摹心灵，都能从关注自然生态到走入人类内心，关注人类普遍精神生态。
作家们以人文主义情怀，对人类社会生态问题进行理性深刻的剖析与反省，努力探寻人类走出生态困境的可能出路。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABook reading is certainly one of the most absorbing habits. For young adults who love to read, finding some good books to read is very essential. Writing a book review can help you to improve your language and writing skills.The Book ThiefListed onThe New York Times Children’s Best Seller List for over 100 weeks, The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is the story of a young girl in the Nazi camps set during World War II. So, if you love history and wish to learn how the life was during Adolf Hitler’s time, read this historic book.The Diary of Young GirlEven Anne Frank can not have imagined that her personal diary written during World War II would become such a popular book. It’s a must read that describes the situation of a family in the evils of wars through the eyes of a teenager.Animal FarmAnimal Farm is one of the most popular books by George Orwell. It is just a reflection of the Stalin and World War II period that has been so creatively presented in this book. It is an interesting example of how literature can be used to present conditions common in the society.Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the great American novels in history, and is certainly a great pick for young adults. Young Huck Finn and his mischief along with the color1 ful description of people around theMississippi Rivermake this novel a great book to read.1.Which book describes the author’s own experiences according to this passage?A.The Book ThiefB.The Diary of Young GirlC.Animal FarmD.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2.What do the first three books have in common?A.All of them are about wars.B.All of them are about farms.C.All of them are intended for history lovers.D.All of them were written during World War II.3.The purpose of this passage is to _________.A.instruct youngsters how to improve skillsB.tell youngsters some wonderful reading habitsC.introduce several good books to youngstersD.give youngsters advice on writing a book reviewBWhena person in the United States gets the COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗), the person receives a small piece of paper called a “COVID-19 Vaccination Record Card”.It is a piece of paper with the logo of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, and the name and date of the vaccine. Because it is so simple, it could be easy to fake.Many people in theU.S.are still unsure about getting the vaccine. As universities, workplaces and other places are requiring proof of vaccination, some people are now buying fake vaccination cards without getting a shot.The Associated Press reports that students and teachers at universities around theU.S.are worried about fake cards. Sellers are using social media apps like Instagram to advertise fake vaccination cards. The prices range from $25 to $200. The AP notes that many college students seem interested in buying the cards. On the site Reddit, one person wrote, “I need one, too, for college. I refuse to be a guinea pig.”It is reported that more than 700 universities and colleges require proof of vaccination. Most schools simply ask their students to take a photo of their card and send it to a school website. Benjamin Mason Meier is a professor at theUniversityofNorth CarolinaatChapel Hill, UNC. He studies international health policy. He said, unlike some countries, theU.S.is not using a digital system to record vaccine status. He said theU.S.is depending on “aflimsypaper card”, and students have told him they knew of others who had used fake vaccination cards. Rebecca Williams also works at UNC. She is a researcher at the school’s Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. She said she was not surprised that people were worried about fake vaccination cards. “This is why I think the development of a reliable national digital vaccine passport app is very important,” she said.There is a law that should prevent people from making false vaccination cards. If someone uses the CDC logo without permission, they can be lined and punished by up to five years in prison. The U.S. Department of Justice recently charged a person inCaliforniawith making fake vaccination cards.College students who already have the vaccine are criticizing those who would rather spend money to buy afake than get a free shot. Maliha Reza is an electrical engineering student atPennsylvaniaStateUniversity, She called those students “dumb”. “I’m angry about that,” she said. “Like, there is more anger than I could describe now.”4. Why do some college students buy fake vaccination cards?A. They are easy to get.B. Many Americans are still uncertain about getting the vaccine.C. Students have an interest in the fake vaccination cards.D. To get a vaccine shot is expensive.5. Which of the following measures can NOT be used to stop the fake cards?A. Having a law that should prevent people from making false vaccination cards.B. Developing a reliable national digital vaccine passport app.C. Using a digital system to record vaccine status.D. Having all the students take a photo of their vaccination card and send it to the school website.6. What does the underlined word “flimsy” probably mean?A. Weak.B. Effective.C. Detailed.D. Professional,7. What might be the writing purpose for the news report?A. To promote a digital system to record the vaccination shots.B. To explain why theU.S.should prevent making the fake vaccination cards.C. The stress the influence of the COVID-19 vaccination.D. To reduce theU.S.university leaders’ worry about fake vaccination cards.CDogs are often called as “man's best friend”, MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua（吉娃娃）, was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog Competition on October 19, 2020.In its tenth year in 2020 the annual contest is the brainchild of American Humane, the country's first national charitable organization founded for the safety and well-being of animals. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make extremely great contributions to society.The competition of 2020 attracted over 400 entries（参赛者）from across the country. These heroic dogs have gone above the call of duty, saving lives, comforting the ill and aged and reminding us of the powerful, age-old ties between animals and people. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who wonthe judges' hearts.MacKenzie's growth was not easy. Born with a mouth disability, she had to be fed through a tube（管子）for the first year of her life. Despite her own struggles, she always seemed to think more of other animals in need. “Never have I seen such a will to live. Though sick, she carefully looked after the baby animals at the rescue（救助）center,” said her caretaker.A life-saving operation performed in 2014 gave MacKenzie the ability to eat independently. The seven-year-old chihuahua is now working for the Mia Foundation, an organization that rescues and nurses animals with inborn disabilities. The chihuahua does an excellent job and has raised various animals. She plays nurse, cleans, comforts and hugs them, acting as their mother and teaching them how to socialize, play and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also visits schools to educate kids about the importance of accepting physical differences in both animals and people. Her heartwarming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie a worthy receiver ofAmerica's top dog honor.8. What can we infer about the American Hero Dog Competition?A. It was first held in 2010B. It was held to honor caretakers of dogs.C. It takes place every ten years.D. It was started by a charitable organization.9. With what quality did MacKenzie win the award?A. Talent and braveryB. Friendliness and care.C. Courage and selflessness.D. Confidence and independence.10. In which aspect can students benefit from MacKenzie's visits?A. Learning from failures.B. Understanding the disabled.C. Valuing physical health.D. Developing practical ability.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Dogs Are Man's Best Friends.B. Treat Dogs the Way We Want to Be Treated.C. Touching Stories between MacKenzie and PeopleD. 2020 American Hero Dog: A TinyChihuahua.DHappiness is not a warm phone, according to anew study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representativesurvey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions."The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness inU. S.teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.12. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A. Calculating students' happiness.B. Asking students certain questions.C. Analyzing data from a survey.D. Doing experiments on screen time.13. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving an example.C. By making an argument.D. By introducing a concept.14. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To draw a conclusion from the study.B. To offer some advice to the readers.C. To prove social activities' importance.D. To support the researchers' finding.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Quitting Phones Equals HappinessB. Screen Time Should Be BannedC. Teens' Lives Have Changed SharplyD. Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
江西省白鹭洲中学2024年高三第三次模拟考试生物试卷含解析
江西省白鹭洲中学2024年高三第三次模拟考试生物试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(本大题共7小题,每小题6分,共42分。
)1．图为弃耕农田演变成一片森林的过程示意图，下列叙述错误的是（）A．该群落的演替过程为次生演替B．草本植物阶段在垂直方向上也有分层现象C．成熟森林阶段，树冠层对群落的影响最大D．若所处气候为低温高湿，其顶极群落为热带雨林2．如图是某田鼠种群t年与t+1年种群数量的比值随时间的变化曲线（外界环境条件基本不变），下列相关叙述正确的是（）A．t2年结束时该种群的数量最大B．在t2~t3时间段该种群数量的增长速率逐渐增大C．t1时该种群的年龄组成为稳定型D．利用标志重捕法调查田鼠的种群密度时，第二次被捕捉的难度增大，得到的结果比实际数值偏小3．下列有关调查方法的叙述，不正确的是（）A．调查马齿苋的种群密度和蜻蜓卵的密度常用样方法B．调查活动能力强、活动范围大的田鼠宜采用标志重捕法C．调查土壤中小动物类群的丰富度采用取样器取样法D．调查某遗传病的发病率应在患病人群中随机抽样调查4．甘薯由于能增强免疫功能、防癌抗癌、抗衰老、防止动脉硬化等越来越被人们喜爱。
但甘薯属无性繁殖作物，同时又是同源六倍体，具有自交不育和杂交不亲和性，这使甘薯生产和育种存在诸多常规方法难于解决的问题。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt looks like 2017 is shaping up to be a record-breaking year in movie History. Here is a list of some of the year’s biggest blockbusters so far.Kong: Skull IslandA reboot (重启) of King Kong would normally get laughed at in this day and age, but it looks like this modem version of the story will be worth watching. With US actress Brie Larson and UK actor Tom Hiddleston in the mix, this film is set to be this year’s biggest monster tale.Release Date:3/10/17Beauty and the BeastDirector Bill Condon is bringing back a part of our childhood in live action, complete with the songs we all remember and love. With British stars Emma Watson and Dan Stevens leading thecast, the classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.Release Date:3/17/17The Fate of the FuriousThere was doubt that we’d even get a Fast 8, especially after the fitting ending US actor Paul Walker’s character was given at the end of Furious 7. Fans thought they’d never see Dom and the rest of the crew back in action, but thankfully, US star Vin Diesel himself confirmed that The Fate of the Furious is fueling up for another go.Release Date:4/14/17Spider-Man: HomecomingSpider Man is heading home to Marvel Studios for the first time. The movie will show us Peter Parker’s high school days, and will continue the threads we saw formed during his initial appearance in Captain America: Civil War. We know that Michael Keaton is playing The Vulture in this story, and that both Happy Hogan and Tony Stark, played by US actors Jon Favreau and Robert Downey Jr., are along for the ride.Release Date:7/7/171.Which of the following movies can’t you see on May Day?A.Kong: Skull Island.B.Beauty and the Beast.C.The Fate of the Furious.D.Spider-Man: Homecoming.2.What can we know about Beauty and the Beast?A.It is fueling up for another go.B.It is produced by Marvel StudiosC.It’ll show us Peter Parker’s school days.D.It’ll be enjoyable for both children and adults.3.What does the underlined word “cast” probably mean?A.Characters.B.Actors.C.Directors.D.Teachers.BI had just delivered a memorable speech, and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt the drum rolled in my heart.The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner, still not me. At last, the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter.Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but again I did not place.I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.4. How did the author feel after finishing his speech?A. Delighted.B. Annoyed.C. Thrilled.D. Nervous.5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. He was regretful about his not being fully prepared.B. He felt upset for getting up early on a chilly morning.C. He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old.D. He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest.6. Why did the author decide to enter the second contest?A. He was eager to prove himself to be the best contestant.B. He was inspired by the never-give-up spirit of Lincoln.C. He was willing to enjoy the warmth and joy of victory.D. He was determined to win the prize money and praise.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A memorable hero in my lifeB. Never mind others’ judgmentsC. Losing is an indescribable feelingD. Stand up from where we tripped overCEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.8. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts9. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients10. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.11. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.DThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.12. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.13. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.14. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.15. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 一个遗传因子组成为AaBb的高等植物自交，下列叙述中错误的是( )A.产生的雌雄配子种类和数量都相同B.子代中共有9种不同的遗传因子组成C.雌雄配子的结合是随机的D.子代的4种表现类型之比为9：3：3：12. 利用“假说-演绎法”孟德尔发现了遗传的两大规律.下列分析正确的是（）A. 孟德尔的遗传规律可以解释所有进行有性生殖的生物的遗传现象B. 孟德尔提出的假说内容包括生物体能产生数量相等的雌雄配子C. 孟德尔为了验证所做出的假说是否正确，设计并完成了正交、反交实验D. 孟德尔做出的“演绎”是让F1与隐性纯合子测交，预测后代产生1：1的性状比3. 燕麦胚芽鞘进行以下处理，均给予右侧光照射。
（云母片透光、不透水）。
图中能向右侧弯曲的是A.①①①B.①①①C.①①①D.①①①4. 如图表示人体内胰岛素合成时基因表达过程中的某个阶段，下列相关叙述符合此图的是（）A.图中进行的过程需要RNA聚合酶、DNA聚合酶等酶的催化才能完成B.胰岛素合成时，胰岛素基因的表达在人体所有活细胞内都可进行C.图中的①合成后经核孔进入细胞质与核糖体结合D.真核细胞中该过程与翻译同时进行5. 下列关于细胞器的描述不正确的是（）A.叶绿体是植物细胞的“能量转换站”B.线粒体是细胞的“动力车间”C.中心体是脂质的合成“车间”D.溶酶体是细胞的“消化车间”6. 如图表示果蝇的一个细胞，其中数字表示染色体，字母表示基因，不考虑基因突变和交叉互换。
下列叙述正确的是A. 如果要测定果蝇的基因组，应测定4条染色体上的碱基序列B. 如果要验证自由组合定律，可用基因型为AaBb的雌雄果蝇交配C. 只考虑3、4与7、8两对染色体，该个体能形成比例相等的四种配子D. 自然选择通过对基因型的直接作用，使果蝇种群的基因频率定向改变7. 如图是细胞膜的流动镶嵌模型示意图，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.①是糖蛋白B.①是蛋白质C.①是磷脂双分子层D.细胞膜功能的复杂程度主要与①有关8. 蛋白质是细胞中重要的有机化合物。
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的材料，完成下面小题。
材料一:相比于西方国家广泛流行的分餐制，中国人更习惯聚餐。
其实，中国人一开始也采取的是分餐制。
《史记》所载的“鸿门宴”故事，就是分餐制的形式。
刘邦一行登门拜会，项羽留刘邦等人吃饭，席间，项羽、范增、项伯、刘邦、张良等人分坐于不同方位，这正是分餐制的典型场景。
如果他们几个人围着一个桌子吃饭，项庄也就不可能通过舞剑的方式去杀刘邦了，因为那样做项羽也会有危险。
不仅史书记载如此，大量考古发掘出土的实物也证明是这样的。
山东诸城出土的前凉“髡刑图”画像砖，体现了汉代人用餐的场景。
中国人早期实行分餐制，与家具的形制有关。
中国一开始没有椅子、桌子这样的家具，人们通常席地而坐。
将杯盘直接放在席子上既不卫生也不雅观，于是吃饭时通常还有一种食案，只是它比较低矮。
在汉墓中出土过一幅《宴饮观舞图》壁画，表现的是人们就餐的场景，图中每个人面前都有一个小食案，这种小食案其实就是食盘的变形。
魏晋以后，各民族之间加快了交流与融合，受少数民族生活习俗的影响，人们的服饰、家具和用餐器具有了许多革新，进而影响到用餐的形式。
与汉人传统服饰不同，少数民族的“胡服”以袖窄、紧身、圆领、开衩等特点而更适合活动，在用餐时不容易碰翻杯盘，也不容易沾上油污。
至少在东汉末年，“胡服”“胡床”等已经传到内地，受到上层社会的喜爱。
《后汉书》记载，“汉灵帝‘好胡服、胡帐、胡床、胡坐’，京城中‘贵戚皆竞为之’”。
穿着越来越紧身的衣服，坐在更高、更舒服的椅子里，面前是高足的桌子，人们用餐时无疑会感到更舒服。
这时，如果仍采取以前的那种分餐制形式，就需要在每个人面前放一张桌子，每个人坐一把椅子，不仅浪费家具，而且室内空间不足够大的话也难以摆开，于是人们逐渐聚拢到一张桌子上吃饭，分餐制向聚餐制悄悄转变。
这种情形早在魏晋时期就已经发生了。
2020年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及参考答案
2020年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 关于B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的正确叙述是()A.都是在骨髓中发育成的B.都是通过直接产生抗体发挥免疫作用C.都是在胸腺中发育成的D.是通过浆细胞产生抗体和效应T细胞发挥免疫作用的2. 下列生物群体中，属于群落的是A.闽江里的全部生物B.黄河里的全部鱼C.武夷山中的全部植物D.太湖中的全部微生物3. 下列关于中心法则的叙述，正确的是（）A. 同一细胞中两种不同RNA的合成不能同时发生B.HIV病毒可在T淋巴细胞中发生逆转录过程C. 细胞进行基因表达时，都是转录结束后才进行翻译D. 转录产生的mRNA上的碱基序列都能编码氨基酸4. 神经元之间可以通过神经递质传递兴奋，以下关于神经递质的说法，错误的是（）A.突触前膜通过胞吐释放神经递质体现了细胞膜控制物质进出细胞的功能B.神经递质经扩散通过突触间隙不消耗ATPC.神经递质进入突触后膜后只能与特异性受体结合D.神经递质作用后会被清除以提高神经调节的准确性5. 下列有关细胞中糖类和脂质的叙述，正确的是（）A.淀粉是植物细胞的储能物质，均匀分布于各细胞B.染色体的组成成分是脱氧核糖和蛋白质C.脂质在哺乳动物卵细胞形成中具有重要作用D.脂质可以被苏丹Ⅲ染液染成橘黄色6. 下列有关生物膜的叙述正确的是（）A.高尔基体是膜面积很大的细胞器，它向外可连接细胞膜，向内可连接核膜B.胆固醇是动物细胞膜的组成成分，并参与人体内血液中脂质的运输C.细胞膜具有选择透过性，细胞不需要的对细胞有害的物质不能进入细胞D.罗伯特森在电镜下看到了细胞膜清晰的暗—亮—暗的三层结构，提出所有的生物膜都是由磷脂—蛋白质—磷脂三层结构构成的7. 某同学利用发生了向光弯曲的燕麦胚芽鞘，制作成切片并用显微镜观察，他绘制了背光侧和向光侧的细胞形态示意图。
由图可知生长素导致向光性弯曲的原因及部位分别是（）A.促进细胞分裂ⅢB.促进细胞伸长ⅢC.促进细胞分裂ⅢD.促进细胞伸长Ⅲ8. 离子泵是一种具有ATP水解酶活性的载体蛋白，能利用水解A TP释放的能量跨膜运输离子。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACanadais one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Here are 4 attractive places worth your visit.ChurchillChurchill is a town with the nickname "Polar Bear Capital of the World”, where tourists can safely view polar bears from special vehicles in the autumn and winter. Thousands of beluga whales, which move into the warmer waters of theChurchill Riverduring July and August, are a major summer attraction. Churchill is also a destination for bird watchers from late May until August.Niagara FallsNiagara Fallsis a group of three waterfalls, crossing the border betweenCanadaand theUnited States. The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls, also known asCanadian Falls. Niagara Falls illumination（彩灯）is a must for any visitor! Every night of the year, the three waterfalls are illuminated in color1 s creating an attractive scene that can be viewed from near and far.VancouverVancouverisCanada's third-largest city, always named as one of the top five worldwide cities for its comfortable environment and quality of life.Vancouverhas an active nightlife scene, whether its food and dining, or bars and nightclubs. From mid-June to early July, the Vancouver International Jazz Festival features 300 concerts, including a free opening Downtown Jazz Weekend.OttawaThe capital ofCanadais situated on the banks of theOttawa Riverand has a lot ofEnglish buildings in it. It is a beautiful city which has the Parliament buildings on the banks and English influenced houses and parks around. There are museums and art galleries that will give you a complete knowledge of the English culture there. It is really the heart ofCanada. So if you are a history and art loverOttawais the best choice for your visit inCanada.1. If you want to watch birds, which place will you choose to visit?A. Churchill.B.Niagara Falls.C. Vancouver.D.Ottawa.2. What is the best season for visitingVancouver?A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Autumn.D. Winter.3. What doNiagara FallsandVancouverhave in common?A. They are both famous for natural scenery.B. The best visiting time are both at nights.C. They are both located inCanadaentirely.D. The tickets there are both free at weekends.BWhen almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a thirdconcedethat it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlinesnow and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who iscalling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobilephones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Their complex design.5. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.6. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.7. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. Itwill fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.CTo stay healthy and fit, Chinesestudents do group exercises every day at school. Most of you probably do the same set of exercises. But some school exercises have grown popular online due to their local and innovative designs.Singing in Sichuan dialects with energetic movements and unique mask-changing is not just a Sichuan Opera performance. It’s the routine exercise for students of Mianyang Foreign Languages Experimental School in Sichuan province.“Sichuan Opera is a local opera, and it is now facing a gap in inheritance (传承). Therefore, we cooperated with Mianyang Intangible Cultural Heritage Center to create a simple and easy-to-learn Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Shen Junhua, who is in charge of organizing the school’s exercise between classes.According to Shen, this new type of exercise has been practiced since 2017 and has been popular among students. When students enroll (入学), they will spend several weeks practicing it. At present, almost all of the students and teachers have mastered it.“In fact, we had hardly heard of Sichuan Opera before teachers taught us how to do the Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Li Yangwenwen, 14, an eighth grade student who also joined the school’s Sichuan Opera club out of interest. “It’s very different from normal exercises. After practicing it, we found it very beautiful and became interested in it. Now, almost all of the students look forward to our daily exercise time and feel excited to do it.”“By combining opera with daily exercise, the daily class activity allows students to perceive and understand Sichuan Opera’s culture”, Shen said. “After years of continuous effort to spread the seeds of traditional culture, the younger generation is finally catching on.”8. What do students in Shen’s school do during the group exercise?A. They do normal exercise .B. They sing pop songs in Sichuan dialects.C. They do mask-changing in a Sichuan Opera performance.D. They combine group exercise with Sichuan Opera.9. Why do they adopt the new type of exercise?A. To attract new students to the school.B. To inherit local culture.C. To create an easy-to-learn exercise.D. To make the school’s group exercise popular.10. How do teachers and students react to the group exercise?A. Calm.B. Indifferent.C. Enthusiastic.D. Uninterested.11. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Shen’s continuous effort is highly praised.B. The younger generation will have a stronger body.C. The students can better understand their local culture.D. Students help to spread the seeds of traditional culture toyounger generation.DThe Great Barrier Reef's outlook remains “very poor” despite coral (珊瑚) recovery over the past year, Australian government scientistssaid Monday, just days before a UNESCO ruling on the site's world heritage (遗产) status.The United Nations cultural agency recommended last month that the world's largest reef (珊瑚礁) system be placed on its endangered list because of damage to the corals largely caused by climate change.The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) said the corals were now in a “recovery window” after a decade of harmful heat stress and cyclones (旋风). But such opportunities were becoming rarer due to the influence ofclimate change, the government agency, which has monitored the reef for 35 years, said in its annual report released today. “The increasing emergence of climate-related extreme weather events and starfish outbreaks is causing more severe and frequent pressures, giving the reef fewer opportunities like this to recover,”CEO Paul Hardisty said. The scientists surveyed 127 reef sites in 2021 and found hard coral cover hadincreased at 69 of the 81 locations surveyed in the past two years.Separate scientific research released last October found the 2, 300-kilometre (1, 400 miles) system had lost half its corals since 1995, with a series of ocean heatwaves causing mass coral death.Britta Schaffelke, research program director at AIMS, said the latest findings provided a slight hope that the reef still has the power of recovering. But she added that its future is still very poor because of the dangers of climate change and other factors that are affecting the reef.UNESCO has urged Australia to take urgent climate action but the government has long resisted calls to commit to net zero emissions (排放) by 2050. The government has said it hopes to meet the target “as soon as possible” without harming its economy, insisting dealing with climate change requires a global effort. The reef was worth about US $4. 8 billion a year in tourism for the Australian economy and there are fears that an “in danger” listing could weaken its tourist appeal.12. What is the major cause of the damage to the corals?A. The climate change.B. Lack of money.C. Over development.D. Too many tourists.13. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The result of the survey.B. The efforts AIMS has made.C. The slight chance of the recovery.D. The terrible situation of the climate.14. What is Britta Schaffelke's attitude towards the future of the reef?A. Unclear.B. Positive.C Intolerant. D. Anxious.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Australia wants to put the reef on the endangered list.B. The Australian government has ignored UNESCO's demand.C. Australia hopes to keep a balance between emission target and its economy.D. The Australian government refuses to take its share of responsibility of climate change.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物三模试题及答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物三模试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.下图是细胞核的结构模式图。
下列关于各结构及功能的叙述，正确的是A.①是双层膜，把核内物质与细胞质分开B.②是染色体遗传物质主要载体C.③位于细胞核的中央，是细胞核功能的控制中心D.④是大分子物质如DNA出入细胞核的通道2.吞噬细胞可以吞噬整个病菌，这一事实说明了A. 细胞膜具有选择透过性B. 细胞膜具有一定的流动性C. 细胞膜具有全透性D. 细胞膜具有支持作用3.正常人体静脉注射一定量葡萄糖后，可诱导胰岛素分泌呈“双峰曲线”，两个峰分别代表胰岛素分泌的第一时相和第二时相（基线指24小时胰岛细胞持续分泌的微量胰岛素）。
下列叙述错误的是（）A.0～5 min内胰岛素来自胰岛B细胞B. 血糖调节过程中，胰岛素的作用结果会反过来影响胰岛素的分泌，即为反馈调节C. 胰岛素分泌量增加会降低组织细胞吸收葡萄糖的速率D. 第二时相胰岛素的分泌是神经—体液共同调节的结果，该过程有下丘脑参与4.一条由29个氨基酸构成的多肽链中有4个谷氨酸（R基为—CH2—CH2—COOH）。
下列有关该多肽的叙述，正确的是（）A. 有29个肽键B. 最多有1个游离的氨基C. 最多有20种氨基酸D. 至少有5个游离的羧基5.钙泵，也称Ca2+-ATP酶，它是哺乳动物细胞中广泛分布的一种离子泵（载体蛋白），它能催化细胞膜内侧的ATP水解，释放出能量，驱动细胞内的Ca2+泵出细胞。
下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.钙泵体现了蛋白质具有运输和调节功能B.Ca2+通过钙泵转运出细胞是顺浓度梯度进行的C.磷酸基团与钙泵结合可能会使钙泵的空间结构发生改变D.动物一氧化碳中毒会增强钙泵跨膜运输Ca2+的速率6.下列有关人体内环境稳态的叙述，错误的是A.内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件B.机体通过调节作用使各器官、系统协调活动共同维持稳态C.“空调病”、“高原反应”和过敏反应都是内环境稳态失调所致D.免疫系统是机体的防御系统，不是维持稳态的调节系统7.下列关于人体中细胞分化、衰老及凋亡的叙述，不正确的是（）A.细胞分化发生在胚胎期，细胞衰老与凋亡发生在老年期B.衰老细胞会出现线粒体减少、酶活性降低及细胞核变大等现象C.清除被病原体感染细胞的过程是通过细胞凋亡完成的D.细胞分化过程中不同基因活动状态不同8.下列各项无法通过质壁分离复原实验证明的是A.成熟植物细胞的死活B.原生质层比细胞壁的伸缩性大C.成熟的植物细胞能渗透吸水D.水分子通过通道蛋白进入细胞9.如图为果蝇性染色体结构简图。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACitisport inNewportWe at Citisport aim to improve sports training and facilities inNewport, giving you more opportunities to try both new and traditional sports.GolfWe are pleased to be able to offer lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre just outsideNewport. These are run by experienced golf professionals, and are held on an all-weather practice area. The adult lessons are open to anyone aged 13 and over, and are suitable for all levels from beginners upwards. These take place on Wednesdays from 3:00 to 4:00 pm over a period of six weeks. Children’s lessons for 7-12 year old are held from 2:00 to 3:00 pm on Saturdays during term time.TennisThe Citisport tennis courses provide an opportunity for local people to develop their skills on the brand-new indoor tennis court at Newport Leisure Centre. All equipment can be provided, but please feel free to use your own racket (球拍) if you prefer. Our Starter course is held on Mondays from 7:00 to 8:00 pm, and is for beginners of 12 years and over. Our Improver course, which takes place on Tuesdays from 8:00 to 9:00 pm, is for players with some experience.Football for girlsBy popular request, Citisport is holding another one-day girls-only football course. This aims to give local girls the chance to learn essential skills and develop more advanced ones. The course will take place on Saturday, 9th November from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, and is open to all girls aged 10-14 years living in theNewportarea.GymnasticsThis course is for beginners aged 8-14 and will provide an introduction to basic skills. There is a maximum of six pupils per coach in each class. At the end of the course there is a demonstration for friends and family of all the skills learnt there. The course will take place on Thursdays from 6:00 to 7:00 pm.1. What can we know about the Citisport golf lessons?A. You can take lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre insideNewport.B. The golf lessons can take place only in good weather.C. Teenagers can attend golf lessons on Wednesday afternoons.D. Children’s lessons usually last 2 or 3 hours on Saturday afternoons.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Citisport tennis courses?A. You can get the skills in an open-air court.B. You must take your own racket during the course.C. You can take the Monday course if you are a green hand.D. You can become an experienced player after the courses.3. Which course lasts only one day according to the text?A. Golf.B. Tennis.C. Football for girls.D. Gymnastics.BA company called Neuralink has shared a video where a monkey is playing a video game. That' s fairly unusual, but what makes the video even stranger is that the monkey is playing the video game with just his mind.The monkey in the video is called Pager who has two of Neuralink's special "Link" devices(装置)inside his brain. The devices planted in Pager's brain are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick it, which is a normal gaming controller. But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was the most difficult work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence ( AI) to help them decode(解码)Pager's brain signals.The final step was to have a computer make moves inthe video game as if Pager had actually moved the joystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an “up” signal to the video game.At first, the researchers let Pager keep moving the joystick with his hand, even though it was no longer connected to the computer. But soon Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.Even though Neuralink's work right now focuses on animals and video games, there's a very serious purpose behind it. Neuralink wants to make it possible for humans who have lost the ability to make physical movements to interact with the world around them.4. What are “Link” devices used to do?A. To pick up the arms' and hands' signals.B. To link the computer to the monkey's brain.C. To send out information about the brain's signals.D. To control movements of the arms and hands.5. What challenged scientists most in the study?A. Recording and sending out body signals.B. Training Pager to use the joystick correctly.C. Planting "Link" devices into Pager's brain.D. Matching brain signals to body movements.6. What is Neuralink's real purpose of the study?A. To test artificial intelligence.B. To help those without arms or legs.C. To study how animals play video games.D. To develop more complex video games.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Games for Animals Are Developed.B. Science Proves the Intelligence of Monkeys.C. Monkey Plays Video Games Using His Mind.D. Neuralink Is Leading the World in Technology.CYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move on their own, “The art form amazes me, becauseit combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China inBeijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency inBeijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned toChengduto open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C. Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.9. Why did Yu quit his job inBeijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family inChengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.10. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.11. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.DTrees are “social creature” that communicate with each other in cooperative ways that hold lessons forhumans, too, ecologist Suzanne Simard says. Simard grew up in Canadian forests as a child of loggers before becoming an ecologist. She's now a professor of forest ecology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia.Trees are linked to neighboring trees by a network of fungi below the surface of the earth that resembles the nervous networks in the brain, she explains. In one study, Simard watched as a Douglas fir tree that had been injured by insects appeared to send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby. The pine tree then produced defense enzymes to protect against the insect.“This was a breakthrough,” Simard says. The trees were sharing “information that actually is important to the health of the whole forest.”In addition to warning each other of danger, Simard says that trees have been known to share nutrients at critical times to keep each other healthy. She says the trees in a forest are often linked to each other via an older tree she calls a “mother” or “hub” tree.“In connecting with all the trees of different ages, the mother trees can actually ease the growth of these young trees,” she says. “The young trees will link into the network of the old trees and benefit from that huge resource capacity. And the old trees would also pass a little bit of carbon and nutrients and water to the young trees, at crucial times in their lives, that actually help them survive.”The study of trees took on a new resonance for Simard when she suffered from breast cancer. During her treatment, she learned that one of the medicines she relied on was actually obtained from what some trees produce for their own mutual defense. She explains her research on cooperation in the forest, and shares her personal story in the new bookFinding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of theForest.12. How could a Douglas fir tree send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby?A. By an underground network of fungi.B. By the nervous networks in the brain.C. By making cooperation with each other.D. By holding lessons to it as human beings.13. According to Simard, what was a breakthrough?A. Simard was-brought up in Canadian forests.B. She became a professor of forest ecology.C. The pine tree produced defense enzymes.D. Vital information was shared among trees.14. What helped Simard understand trees further?A. Her rich knowledge of trees.B. Her childhood in the forest.C. Her medicine gained from trees.D. Her research on cooperation.15. In Simard's book we may discover the wisdom of the forest except .A. communicating cooperativelyB. warning each other of dangerC. sharing nutrientsat critical timesD. sacrificing mother trees for survival第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BSlowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer's mind when she turned 70 last year. She'd enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn't feel too old to travel.Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car inEurope, for example. InCroatia, Schaefer wouldn't be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a " no" for many travelers.Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It's their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on aCaribbeantour. "You can't expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care. " she says. "Tour guides don't have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn't have traveled with us in this situation. "But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”If you ask travel experts, they'll tell you that age is just a number. It's a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. "Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect, "says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. "Someone in their 40's may struggle more than someone in their 80s. "4. What is expected if Schaefer travels inCroatiathis year?A. She can rent a car to go around.B. She has to pay more insurance fees.C. She can join in all kinds of activities.D. She will receive 24/7 medical care.5. What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old's traveling?A. His old age.B. His lack of money.C. His poor health.D. His in sociable personality.6. What do we know about Grand Circle Travel?A. It is a non-profit traveling organization.B. It offers service to a wide range of travelers.C. It has a history of more than seven decades.D. Its main customers are senior travelers.7. What is the authors altitude towards traveling old?A. Opposed.B. Supportive.C. Tolerant.D. Objective.CJohn Montefiore's path to graduation from theUniversityofTorontowas a little unusual. He recently completed his bachelor's degree(学士学位) which he started in1995.Montefiore left university in 1996 and tried to tell himself that a degree wasn't necessary for personal success. But it remained unfinished businessuntil he made the decision to return in 2018 at the age 42. At that time, his job development stalled, so he made up his mind to go back to school in order to improve himself and work well in future.The second time around, Montefiore never missed a class and always sat in the front row. He found many courses invaluable and he received the Award of Excellence twice. He found support services played an important role in his successful return. He said, “I hadn't written a paper for years, so I found the college writing centre to be of great use. Before I handed in a paper, they would give me feedback, which was really great. The university has so much built in to help students succeed and I'm so thankful for that.” But he also met difficulties this time. As a student much older than others, he found it harder to make friends with classmates.However, no matter what had happened before, he finally got his bachelor's degree. He said, “After all these years, I had thought it wouldn't mean anything, but it means a lot. I totally understand the value of education now. It's not necessarily the value that other people see in it, but the value it gives me as a person, for my confidence and my self-esteem. It also helps me prepare well before I re-enter the workplace.”8. Why was Montefiore's graduation unusual?A. He had achieved personal success before.B. He understood the importance of a degree.C. He finished his degree at a much older age.D. He began his university study at a young age.9. What does the underlined word "stalled" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Stopped.B. Started.C. Survived.D. Succeeded.10. What can we learn about Montefiore from the third paragraph?A. He got good grades very easily.B. He took his study seriously this timeC. He was thankful for his classmates' helpD. He had difficulty using support services.11. What did Montefiore learn from his experience?A. Confidence is important in one's life.B. Others' opinions on education matter a lot.C. Higher education is a must for personal success.D. Education makes one feel better about himself.DYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move ontheir own, “The art form amazes me, because it combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency in Beijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. Hewatered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.13. Why did Yu quit his job in Beijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family in Chengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.14. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.15. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试卷及答案解析
2020届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 研究人员在水稻中发现了一株具有明显早熟特性的变异植株，并欲以此为基础培育早熟水稻新品种。
下列相关说法错误的是A. 要判断该变异植株是否具有育种价值，首先应确定它的遗传物质是否发生了变化B. 若该变异植株具有育种价值，在选择育种方法时，首先应确定其变异类型C. 若该变异是由某个基因突变引起的，则与晚熟品种杂交即可获得符合要求的新品种D. 若该变异是由某个基因突变引起的，则要快速获得新品种，可选择单倍体育种的方法2. 蚯蚓分解处理技术可实现固体废物的减量化和资源化。
下图为某农业生态系统的示意图，下列叙述正确的是（）A. 该生态系统中的蚯蚓和各种微生物均属于分解者B. 该生态工程设计突出体现的生态学基本原理是物种多样性原理C. 农作物、果树等植物获取的物质和能量主要来自有机肥D. 影响蚯蚓分解处理效率的因素有温度、含水量等3. 下图是某高等植物细胞分裂的模式图，下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.图中的小泡来自高尔基体B.图乙处于有丝分裂的末期C.图示细胞分裂的先后顺序为甲→乙→丙D.①表示染色体，每条染色体含有2分子DNA4. 现用纯种黄颖燕麦与纯种黑颖燕麦杂交,F1全为黑颖,F1自交产生的F2中,黑颖①黄颖①白颖=12①3①1。
下列相关说法正确的是()A.控制颖色的2对基因的遗传不遵循自由组合定律B.F2中非黑颖有6种基因型,纯合子占1/6C.F2中黄颖自交后代中杂合子占1/2D.F1测交,后代表型比为2①1①15. 下列有关种群数量特征的叙述，不正确的是（）A.性别比例不是所有种群都具有的特征B.自然增长率由出生率和死亡率决定C.根据种群密度可以预测种群数量的变化趋势D.动物数量达到K值时，种群的年龄组成为稳定型6. 下图表示种群各特征之间的关系，图中“+”表示增加，“-”表示减少。
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及参考答案
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn September, something terrible happened on the west coast ofTasmania,Australia. As many as 380 pilot whales became stranded(搁浅) in shallow water there and later died. This might have beenAustralia’s largest stranding event on record, the BBC reported.But this large amount of whale stranding is not uncommon. For centuries, it has happened all over the world and has puzzled scientists. Scientists say the cause is often unknown. But they have offered many different explanations.Some say the whales chase small fish for food and end up in shallow water because they are not paying attention to where they are going.Others think the stranding has something to do with Earth’s geomagnetic field (地磁场). They say that a geomagnetic compass in whales’ brains controls their position. Unusual changes in Earth’s magnetic field can affect the whales’ compasses and send them in the wrong direction.Another explanation suggests that stranding is caused by the close relationships that whales have. Pilot whales travel in large groups. One lead whale might mistakenly lead the whole group to shallow water. “And if one gets into trouble, the others will not leave,” said Sheryl Gibney, a leading biologist fromNew Zealand. “Some will come in and try to help, they get trapped on the beach, then more will come.”The whales are trapped by mistake or out of sympathy(同情). Once they get stranded, they will likely die. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of theUS, less than 10 percent of all stranded whales survive.1. What do we know about the stranding inAustralia?A. It happened on theeast coast ofAustralia.B. It caused the death of over 300 pilot whales.C. It is commonly seen in September each year.D. It was the largest stranding event in the world.2. According to Gibney, the pilot whales are the animals that________.A. are kind to each otherB. are easy to lose directionC. are too huge to float in the seaD.are silly to follow the leading whale3. What is the story mainly about?A. How human activity has affected whales.B. What might cause whale strandings.C. How whales find their direction while traveling.D. What scientists are doing to save stranded whales.BA new study finds almost one third of the world’s population is overweight. Since 1980, obesity rates(肥胖率)in children and adults have doubled in 73 countries, making people more worried. And rates are increasing in many other countries. Obesity is increasing faster in children than adults in many nations, including Algeria, Turkey and Jordan, the report said. But the world's weight problem is growing in both rich and poor countries alike. Researchers say an increasing number of people are dying of related health problems in what they called a "disturbing global public health problem."Researchers studied health information from 1980 through 2015. They examined obesity rates, average weight gain in 195 countries. They found that obesity rates are three times greater among youth and young adults in countries like China, Brazil and India. Almost 108 million children and more than 600 million adults were found to be overweight. Egypt had the highest number of overweight adults in 2015. Vietnam had the least. In the same year, the United States had the highest number of overweight children, and Bangladesh had the least.Yet hunger remains a problem in many areas. The United Nations said that almost 800 million people, including 300 million children, go to bed hungry each night. Experts said poor diets and lack of physical activity are mainly to blame for the rising numbers of overweight people.Growing populations have led to rising obesity rates in poor countries. Often, poor people will eat processed(加工的) foods instead of choosing a diet rich in vegetables.The London-based Overseas Development Institute studied the price of food in five countries: Britain, Brazil, China, Mexico and South Korea. It found that the cost of processed foods like ice creamand hamburgers has fallen since 1990. But the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables has gone up.4. What do we know about obesity in the world?A. It is worryingB. It is given no attentionC. It has been successfully solvedD. It is more serious among old people5. Which country has the most overweight children in 2015?A. AmericaB. VietnamC. EgyptD. Bangladesh6. What is one of the reasons why people get overweight?A. HungerB. Poor dietC. Diets with vegetablesD. Eating too much fruit7. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A. It’s Important to Have a Balanced DietB. How Can We Lose Weight and Keep Fit?C. Is It Necessary for Us to Eat Fresh Vegetables?D. Nearly One Third of People in the World Are Overweight.CYou’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest? Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying fromLondontoAustriafor Christmaswhen the flight was cancelled.“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor forsomeone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says apsychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”You need help and there’s ly no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the otherday you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do?” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.8. Whatwould have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1?A. The departure hall was filled with noise.B. Someone screamed just lo be different.C. The passengers waited on board patiently.D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.9. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline?A. He admired Lisa’s beauty.B. He appreciated her attitude.C. He was ready to help others.D. He was blamed for the cancellation.10. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The potential benefits of ego.B. The strategy to start small talk.C. The great importance of flattery.D. The value of humor in daily life.11. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague?A. She was a popular lawyer.B. She was always ready to help others.C. She always got praise from Allison.D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.DLast year, 138,000San Franciscoresidents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, asSan Franciscovoters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences inSan Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year,a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Proposition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practices inSan Franciscoand other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Franciscois in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay,San Franciscosimply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking toSilicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, someSan Franciscoresidents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems.12. The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A. place time limits in local election.B. set limits on short-term rental.C. strike down a controversial rule.D. urge users to vote against Airbnb.13. What is the negative consequence of Airbnb onSan Francisco?A. It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B. Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C. It makes the house market more competitive.D. It indirectly leads to high house rental price.14. The housing crisis inSan Franciscoresults from ________.A. explosion of the living costB. its geographic characteristicsC. generosity of local enterprisesD. inflow of migrant population15. Theauthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A. objectiveB. supportiveC. negativeD. indifferent第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物三模试题及参考答案
2021年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物三模试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 如图表示的是一个由200个氨基酸构成的蛋白质分子。
下列叙述正确的是（）A. 该分子中含有198个肽键B. 这个蛋白质中至少有200个氨基C. 合成该蛋白质时相对分子质量减少了3600D. 该蛋白质中至少含有4个游离的羧基2. 下列有关蛋白质结构和功能的说法，正确的是（）A. 每种氨基酸分子都只含有一个氨基和一个羧基B. 已知胰岛素分子有A、B两条肽链，A链有21个氨基酸，B链有30个氨基酸，则胰岛素分子中肽键的数是49个C. 有些蛋白质起信息传递作用，能够调节机体的生命活动，如胰岛素、性激素等D. 蛋白质种类繁多的原因之一是氨基酸互相结合的方式多种多样3. 如图是人体血糖调节的过程示意图，下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.胰岛素和胰高血糖素在调节人体血糖平衡方面具有协同作用B.血糖水平上升使胰岛A细胞分泌胰岛素增加C.血糖调节过程中，胰岛素的作用结果会反过来影响胰岛素的分泌D.胰高血糖素可促进肝糖原分解及血糖转化为非糖物质4. 下面是4种构成蛋白质的氨基酸的结构简式，下列叙述错误的是（）甲：乙：丙：丁：A. 构成上述氨基酸分子的基本元素是C、H、O、NB. 上述4种氨基酸的R基依次是—H、—CH3、—CH2OH、—CH2COOHC.R基中也可以有氨基或羧基D. 氨基酸可与双缩脲试剂发生作用，产生紫色反应5. 目的基因与运载体结合所需的条件是（）①同一种限制酶①具有标记基因的质粒①RNA聚合酶①目的基因①DNA连接酶①四种脱氧核苷酸①ATPA.①①①①①①①B.①①①①①①C.①①①①①①D.①①①①①6. 已知果蝇某对等位基因(A、a)位于X染色体上，雌性隐性纯合致死（合子或胚胎）。
现有基因型为XaY、XAXa的果蝇杂交得F1,F1雌雄个体自由交配得F2，则F2中雌性与雄性个体的比例是（）A. 1 : 1B. 3 : 4C. 3 : 2D. 1 : 27. 某兴趣小组同学将一株水培草莓用钟罩罩住，在培养液中添加H218O，在光照条件下，追踪18O出现的先后顺序。
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述，错误的是（）A. 线粒体为细胞生命活动提供能量B. 核糖体是蛋白质加工的场所C. 叶绿体是进行光合作用的场所D. 细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞2. 生长素能促进细胞伸长生长，其作用机理为：生长素通过细胞壁，与细胞膜上的受体结合，通过进一步信号传递促进质子泵基因的表达，质子泵是细胞膜上转运H+的载体，可将H+从膜内运到膜外，使细胞壁酸化，酸化后的细胞壁变得松弛从而有利于伸展。
下列说法正确的是A.细胞伸长生长的过程中体积变化最大的细胞器是液泡B.据题意分析，生长素通过细胞壁的方式是协助扩散C.在幼嫩的芽、叶和发育的种子中，色氨酸经过脱水缩合形成生长素D.生长素与细胞膜上的受体结合的过程体现了细胞膜具有控制物质进出的功能3. 为探究某种药物Q对细菌性疾病的治疗是否与机体免疫力的增强有关，某科研小组将患细菌性疾病的小鼠随机分为a、b、c组，a组注射一定量的药物Q，b组注射等量的生理盐水，c组注射等量的免疫增强剂，实验结果如图所示，下列有关叙述错误的是A.吞噬细胞仅在非特异性免疫中发挥作用B.药物Q能够增强小鼠的非特异性免疫功能C.药物Q可通过促进小鼠T细胞数量的增加来增强特异性免疫功能D.免疫增强剂可增强吞噬细胞的吞噬能力4. 比较有关种群、群落、生态系统的概念，属于群落层次的是（）①年龄结构①生态位①空间结构①物种组成①基因频率①性别比例A. ①①①B. ①①①C. ①①①D. ①①①5. 实验室里，老师组织同学们自己动手完成“性状分离比的模拟实验”，小明在操作过程中不慎将甲桶内的1个D 小球丢失。
下列说法中错误的是（）A.实验中小桶模拟的是生殖器官，小球模拟的是配子B.可以去掉乙桶内的一个D小球，确保甲、乙两桶内的小球数量比为1：1，继续实验C.分别从两个桶内随机抓取1个小球，组合在一起，模拟等位基因的分离和雌雄配子随机结合D.将抓取的小球放回原来的小桶内，摇匀6. 下图甲表示某动物体内的一个细胞减数分裂过程中每条染色体上DNA含量的变化，图乙是该细胞分裂过程的某时期一对同源染色体示意图，图中1-8表示基因。
2020年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案
2020年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at homewith her parents. But through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server, she isn't able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home.To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adultsstill living at home could be that their family doesn't want them to leave.The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers,friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Services Group in theUS, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession. Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.“ There's no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to child-raising," Hoffman explained. "But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don't have a house expense or marriage. I don't know if it represents a change in moral values. But it's much more common for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it's becoming part of the culture.1. What can we learn from the UBS Financial Services' report?A. Millennials are on good terms with their parents.B. Millennials are financially independent after college.C. Parents are unwilling to give their young adults allowance.D. Parents want their kids to stay with them forever.2. What does Hoffman think of young adults' living at home?A. It increases the consumption of household products.B. It may continue despite job growth.C. It is a sign of shift in moral values.D. It is new in American culture.3. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A. To introduce millennials' living habits.B. To stress the importance of financial independence.C. To explain why American young adults still live at home.D. To inform people of a social trend in theUS.BMy entire life has been influenced by the fact that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. I was born two weeks late. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, "Are you okay?!"I was healthy, but very shy as a child and into my teens. I'm from a small town, and I grew up and graduated with the same 50 people. I started playing basketball in third grade every Saturday, but I didn't have any control over my awkward body. (I didn't even score a point in a game until many years later.) I was 5-foot-10 in fourth grade. I had a small group of friends in elementary school, but sometimes the boys picked on me, calling me a bean pole or the Jolly Green Giant. I still remember my embarrassment when they laughed at me, and how badly I wanted to be invisible.In high school I got more involved in sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my height (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance.I was forced into the spotlight wherever I went.With high school came more confidence. I had success in school, the arts and sports. I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. During my senior year I was the conference champion in high jump and the 400-meter run. The friendships I gained through my involvement in high school boosted my confidence and helped me develop a sense of humor. Now when a stranger told me I was tall I would smile and nod or, if I was feeling determined, I would pretend to feel shocked and thank them for telling me. I had no idea!Still, society keeps me aware of my status as something rare. And even though people tell me I'm beautiful and I should be a model, there are times when I would trade in my long legs for a small frame and tiny feet. I often wish people weren't so rude. I'm a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insulted me didn't intend to. I do believe that most people are basically good, but they can be insensitive.4. What can be inferred from Para.1?A. The writer's height has something to do with her late birth.B. Grandmother was unwilling to have the writer as her grandchild.C. The writer failed to have a successful life because of her unusual height.D. The writer was heavier and bigger compared with other babies when she was born.5. By saying 'I was forced into the spotlight', the author probably means that she ________.A.was criticized by othersB. caught public attentionC. was threatenedD. felt inferior6. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the writer's experiences in high school?A. She quit playing basketball and joined the track and field team.B. She no longer felt upset when facing her height problem.C. She had a passion for some sports events.D. She built up more confidence.7. What does the last sentence imply?A. People enjoy making fun of others.B. People are bad andcannot be trusted.C. People tend to bully those who are weaker.D. People sometimes care little about how others feel.CImagine that youare a superhero. Your superpowers are activated by a special suit. The suit communicates with your brain. It allows you to do amazing things with only a thought. By concentrating on strength, for example, you can kick a soccer ball across a field. By focusing on swift actions, you can jump to the top of a tree.Such a connection between mind and machine may sound like a fantasy. To scientists, though, it is a very real goal. They are creating machines that let disabled monkeys walk. These machines may soon help disabled humans do the same. Unlike other bionic devices, these robotic “super suits” do not communicate with muscles and nerves. Instead, they have a direct line to the brain.In 2005, doctors drilled a hole in the skull of Hutchinson, who had lost her right arm in an accident. Then they inserted a sensor onto her motor cortex (大脑皮层运动区). Wires connected the sensor to a receiver on her head. After she recovered, researchers pluggedHutchinson’s receiver into a cable that relayed signals from her brain to computers. Then they connected a robotic arm to the computers. The computerscould interpretHutchinson’s brain signals to move the arm.Soon,Hutchinson, the computer, and the robotic arm became a team.Hutchinsonwas even able to lift her hand and drink from a cup. “She smiled when she put down that drink—that’s everything.” says Donoghue, a brain scientist.Today other scientists are building on that success. One of those scientists is Dr. Miguel Nicolelis, who designed a whole-body bionic equipment. In 2014, a disabled former athlete kicked the first ball of the World Cup Games wearing one of Miguel’s full-body exoskeletons.The exoskeleton was connected to brain signal sensors in the man’s cap. By thinking about kicking, he sent signals to a computer on his back. The computer then translated the signal into an exoskeleton-aided kick. Such designs may become common as scientists keep merging mind and machine.8.Which can best describe the tone of paragraph 1?A. Narrative and serious.B. Persuasive and critical.C. Informative and objective.D. Descriptive and imaginative.9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Reason of the experiment.B. Results of the experiment.C. Process of the experiment.D. Significance of the experiment.10. Why is Dr. Miguel’s exoskeleton special?A. It can be used on animals.B. It can move the whole body.C. It was supported by computers.D. It was connected directly to the brain.11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Robotic suits may be widely used to help disabled people.B. Exoskeleton is more common thanHutchinson’s bionic arm.C.Scientific experiments are commonly carried out in football fields.D. Disabled athletes can now play football again with the help of computer.DJack was born without eyes. He was very lucky as he grew up having other kittens (young cats) to socialize (交往)with, and was used to people from the moment he was born. However, when it came time to find the kittens homes, no one knew where Jack would end up.That’s when I got an e-mail from my friend. All she asked was “Do you still want one of the kittens? There’s one here with no eyes and no one would like to take him”. Without thinking I told her that I did want the kitten.When we first brought him home, Jack stayed mostly in my room. After about a day he had noissues running around and climbing on everything. At times he gets lost in the house, he’ll stop. But we just call his name and talk to him and it isn’t long before he finds his way back to us.A few weeks after getting Jack, we got a new cat named Bear. Jack and Bear have become best friends. It doesn’t matter that he can’t see. He always knows when Bear is around. He’ll run across the yard straight to Bear and wrap his front legs around his neck in a big hug. They run after each other around and wrestle (摔跤). They’ll lie down in the grass together when tired.Jack is truly an inspiration. I’ve owned lots of kittens in my life, but Jack is the happiest and most playful. He doesn’t feel sorry for himself. He doesn’t need pity. I think Jean, owner of Gumbo, another eyeless cat, said it best when she told me that cats don’t have disabilities; they have adaptability.12. Why did Jack come to the author’s home?A. The author cared for an eyeless cat.B. The author didn’t mind whether he was blind.C. No other young cats kept him company.D. The author’s friend begged the author to take him home.13. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Jack often wrestles with Bear indoors.B. Jack likes to play with a new eyeless cat.C. Jack quickly adapts to the new environment.D. Jack is good at talking and playing with people.14. What does the underlined word “issue” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trouble.B. Fun.C. Luck.D. Business.15. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. A cat has nine lives.B. All is well that ends well.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. A good beginning makes a good ending.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析
2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn't helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn't clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows' food.The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.Over the five months, the scientists didn't see any signs that the cows' stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn't need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there's notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means there's no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still, it's true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A. To control the amount of seaweed.B. To record the weight cows gained.C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2. The underlined word “adequate” means ________ .A. commonB. specialC. lackingD. enough3. The passage is written to ________ .A. appeal to people not to raise the cowsB. encourage people to plant the seaweedC. remind people of controlling cows' weightD. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollutionBNew Yorkis among the slowest cities during rush hour in the world, according to a report published in January. Crossing midtown by car is soul-destroying. The average speed is 4.7 miles per hour, not much quicker than a quick walk. But relief is in sight. On April 1st, state lawmakers agreed to introduce road charges, makingNew Yorkthe first big American city to do so. By next year vehicles will have to pay to enterManhattansouth of60th Street.The details of the new rule, including how much drivers will have to pay, how they will pay and how often they will pay, haveyet to be decided. A “traffic mobility review board" will be set up to work all this out. New Yorkers living in the fee zone who make less than $60,000 a year will be exempt (获豁免) . Other drivers, including motorcyclists, the city' s civil servants, disabled drivers and the trucking industry, all want discounts or exemptions, which might not be a good sign.If done right, road pricing could be expanded beyondManhattan.New Yorkcan learn from other cities.Singapore, for instance, which has had pricing for decades, adjusts prices regularly. It can also learn from mistakes.London, which rolled out its pricing in 2003, is only starting to charge on-demand car hires like Uber. Stockholm exempted too many vehicles, which caused a drop in revenues (收入) .Other cities considering road charges, includingLos Angeles, Philadelphia Portland,San FranciscoandSeattle, are watchingNew York. "We really have t1o make a good example," says Nicole Gelinas of the Manhattan Institute, aNew Yorkthink tank.4. What does the report find?A.New Yorkhas terrible road traffic.B.New Yorkoften introduces new laws.C. New Yorkers prefer walking to driving.D. New Yorkers face an increased cost of living.5. What can be inferred about the new rule from paragraph 2?A. It faces some potential problems.B. It has clear and detailed fee standards.C. It favors New Yorkers living in the fee zone.D. It fails to win a traffic mobility review board s approval.6. What doLondonandStockholmhave in common?A. They learn a lot fromSingapore.B. They have greatly increased revenues.C. They charge on-demand car hires heavily.D. They are bad examples of placing road charges.7. What is the best title for the text?A. How much does it cost to drive intoManhattan?B.New Yorkapproves road pricing forManhattanC. Drivers fear crossingManhattansouth of60th StreetD. Who will be exempt from road charges inManhattan?CPut your hand over your heart and sit very still. You may notice that the sound of your heartbeat is similar to the beat of a drum. Your heart starts beating before you are born and continues throughout your life. For this reason, the beating of a drum stands for the rhythm of life for many people around the world.InGhana, a country inAfrica, many schools use drums instead of bells to show the beginning and ending of class. Through the drum, the children ofGhanaalso learn about their history and culture. They hear old stories passed on through the music of the drum. The stories of the drum also teach children games, rules and lessons about behavior.For thousands of years inAfrica, drums have been used to tell stories of daily life and history. Drums told the coming of a king, the start of a war, or the birth of a child. They also allowed people to share messages. But how does a drum tell a story?InWest Africa, the most common drum used for communication is called a “talking drum”. By making higherorlower drum sounds, the drummer can make the drum “talk”.In many African languages, words go up and down in pitch (高音) when they are spoken, almost like a song. Depending on the pitch or tone (音调), the same sound can have many different meanings. For example, when spoken with two low tones, the African word “ilu” means “drum”. When spoken with one high and one low tone, “ilu” means “town”.Drum language works in the same way. Just as in spoken language, the word “ilu” has different meanings depending on how it’s drummed. When “ilu” is drummed with two beats using low tones, the word means “drum”. When “ilu” is drummed with two beats using one high and one low tone, it means “town”.Drummers create “words” to build ideas, sentences and stories. The next time you hear a song, listen for the heartbeat within the music. Can you hear the story of the drum?8. The first paragraph mainly tells us________.A. drums beat like our heartsB. drums have a long historyC. drums are widely used in the worldD. drums are important for many people worldwide9. From the text, we learn that inGhanadrums________.A. are not as useful as beforeB. teach children a lot of thingsC. help bring the war to an endD. are used in class by teachers10. The example of the African word “ilu” is used to show________.A. how a word can have different soundsB. how to speak African languagesC. how a drum tells storiesD. how to beat a drum11. What would be the best title for the text?A. Know the history of the drumB. Listen to the story of the drumC. Beat the drum of lifeD. Love me, love my drumDShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking humanancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.12. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.13. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.14. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us15. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析
2021年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening; simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BOne rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when ayoung woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, but they weren’t together. She wasflusteredand looked embarrassed.Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman’s mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I’ve been there”.Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we forge (前进) through life, focused onour own troubles and needs—which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: “Where am I holding back?One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, yes. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone’s uncomfortable—because we’re all in this together.4. The underlined word “flustered” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. angryB. anxiousC.scaredD. upset5. What does the woman mean by saying “ I’ve been there”in the third paragraph？A. The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.B. The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.C. The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.D. The woman took the exact seat that the boy was on just now.6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.B. Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.C. The author’s friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.D. One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.7. The passage isintended to _______.A. show a harmonious world by telling some touching storiesB. praise those who are willing to help others in emergenciesC. appeal to readers to give timely help to those in needD. illustrate some ways of helping others in detailCWater keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470million people.All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.8. What can we know from Paragraph 2?A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.B. Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.9. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Rainfall is not as steady as before.B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.C. The water supply relies more on rainfall.D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.10. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system.B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.C. Reduce the number of people in the cities.D. Grow less-water consumption crops instead.11. What will be discussed if the passage continues?A. How to prevent from climate change.B. How to inspire people to save water.C. How to recycle wastewater in citiesD. How to make people get access to clean water.DWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.12. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.13. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.14. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.15. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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白鹭洲中学2020-2021学年高三年级上学期第三次周考数学理科试卷第I 卷（选择题 60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1．已知复数1=-iz i（i 为虚数单位），则复数z 在复平面对应的点位于（ ） A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限2．已知全集U R =，{|1}M x x =<-，(){|20}N x x x =+<，则图中阴影部分表示的集合是( )A ．{|10}x x -≤<B ．{|10}x x -<<C ．{|21}x x -<<-D ．{|1}x x <-3．从2020年起，北京考生的高考成绩由语文、数学、外语3门统一高考成绩和考生选考的3门普通高中学业水平考试等级性考试科目成绩构成．等级性考试成绩位次由高到低分为A 、B 、C 、D 、E ，各等级人数所占比例依次为：A 等级15%，B 等级40%，C 等级30%，D 等级14%，E 等级1%．现采用分层抽样的方法，从参加历史等级性考试的学生中抽取200人作为样本，则该样本中获得A 或B 等级的学生人数为（ ） A ．55 B ．80 C ．90 D ．110 4．已知{}|12A x x =≤≤，命题“2,0x A x a ∀∈-≤”是真命题的一个充分不必要条件是（ ） A ．4a ≥B ．4a ≤C ．5a ≥D ．5a ≤5．已知非零向量,a b 满足，||||a b =，(2)0a b b +⋅=，则a 与b 的夹角为（ ） A ．6πB ．3π C ．23π D ．56π 6．若(3)nx x-的展开式中各项系数之和为64，则展开式的常数项为（ ） A ．）540B ．）162C ．162D ．5407．已知定义在R 上的函数||()21x m f x -=-（m 为实数）为偶函数，记()32a f -=，()3m b f =，()0.5log 3c f =，则（ ）A ．a b c <<B ．a c b <<C ．c a b <<D ．c b a <<8．函数()sin()(0)4f x A x πωω=+>的图象与x 轴交点的横坐标构成一个公差为3π的等差数列，要得到函数()cos g x A x ω=的图象，只需将()f x 的图象（ ）A ．向左平移12π个单位 B ．向右平移4π个单位 C ．向左平移4π个单位 D ．向右平移34π个单位9．函数()f x =的部分图象大致为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．10．已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若点A ，B ，C ，O 满足：①AB BC λ=（0λ≠）；②A ，B ，O 确定一个平面；③398OB a OA a OC =+，则100S =（ ） A ．29B ．40C ．45D ．5011．已知数列{}n a 为等差数列，n S 是其前n 项和，25a =，535S =.数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n T ，若对一切n ∈+N 都有21n m T +>恒成立，则m 能取到的最小整数为（ ）A ．1-B ．0C ．1D ．212．已知函数()21,20ln ,0x x f x x x e⎧--≤≤=⎨<≤⎩，方程()f x a =恰有两个不同的实数根1x 、()212x x x <，则212x x +的最小值与最大值的和（ ）A ．2e +B ．2C ．36e -+D ．34e -+第II 卷（非选择题 90分）二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
13．曲线()1e xy ax =+在点()01，处的切线的斜率为2-，则a =________） 14．设,x y R ∈，向量(,1),a x =(2,),b y =(2,2)c =-，且a c ⊥，//b c ，则a b +=_____. 15．已知02a π=⎰，若2020220200122020(1)()ax b b x b x b x x R -=+++⋯+∈，则20201222020222b b b ++⋯+的值为__. 16．下面四个命题：①已知函数(),0,,0,x f x x =<≥ 且()()44f a f +=，那么4a =-；②要得到函数sin 23y x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭的图象，只要将sin 2y x =的图象向左平移3π单位； ③若定义在()∞+∞，- 上的函数)(-1()(x f x f x f =+）满足，则)(x f 是周期函数；④已知奇函数()f x 在(0,)+∞为增函数，且(1)0f -=，则不等式()0f x <的解集{}1x x <-． 其中正确的是__________________．三、解答题：共70分。
解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤。
第17-21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答，第22，23题为选考题，考生根据要求作答。
（一）必考题：共60分。
17．（12分）在锐角ABC ∆中，角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c2sin c A =. （1）求角C 的值； （2）若3c =，且2ABC S ∆=，求ABC ∆的周长. 18．（12分）已知数列{}n a 满足11a =,()*124nn na a n N a +=∈-. （1）证明:数列21n a ⎧⎫-⎨⎬⎩⎭为等比数列; （2）求数列1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和.19．（12分）已知322ππα<<，A 、B 、C 在同一个平面直角坐标系中的坐标分别为()3,0A 、()0,3B 、()cos ,sin C αα．（1）若AC BC →→=，求角α的值；（2）当1AC BC →→⋅=-时，求()22sin sin 21tan ααα++的值．20．（12分）消费者信心指数是反映消费者信心强弱的指标；它是预测经济走势和消费趋向的一个先行指标，是监测经济周期变化的重要依据.消费者信心指数值介于0和200之间.指数超过100时，表明消费者信心处于强信心区；指数等于100时，表示消费者信心处于强弱临界点；指数小于100时，表示消费者信心处于弱信心区.201620191将2016年至2019年该城市各季度的消费者信心指数整理得到如下频数分布表2：记2016年至2019年年份序号为(1,2,3,4)x x =，该城市各年消费者信心指数的年均值(四舍五入取)y x y 3115的概率；（2）在表2中各区间内的消费者信心指数用其所在区间的中点值代替，设任取一个消费者信心指数X 为随机变量，求X 的分布列和数学期望( 数学期望的值保留1位小数)；（3）根据表3的数据建立y 关于x 的线性回归方程，并根据你建立的回归方程，预报2020年该城市消费者信心指数的年平均值. 参考数据和公式：1234 2.54x +++==，105112114119112.54y +++==；ˆˆˆy bx a =+；ˆˆay bx =-；()()()121ˆniii nii x x y y b x x ==--=-∑∑.21．（12分）已知函数()12ln f x x k x x=-+. （1）当3k =-时，求()f x 的极值； （2）若存在[]1,x e ∈，使得()3x f x kx-<-成立，求实数k 的取值范围.（二）选考题：共10分。
请考生在第22，23题任选一题作答。
若多做，则按所做第一题计分。
22．（10分）在极坐标系中，直线l 过点2,3P π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，且与极轴所成的角为23π；点Q 在曲线1ρ=上.（1）求直线l 的极坐标方程；（2）设R 为直线l 上的点，求RQ 的最小值.23．（10分）（1）已知,,1a b R a b +∈+=，求证：114a b+≥. （2）已知23x y z ++=222x y z ++的最小值.白鹭洲中学2020-2021学年高三年级上学期第三次周考数学理科试卷参考答案1．B 【解析】 【分析】先化简复数z 为代数形式，再确定对应的点所在象限. 【详解】 因为()112212ii i i z i +===--,对应的点为11,22⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，位于第二象限.故选B.【点睛】本题考查了复数的基本运算和复数的几何意义，属于基本题. 2．A 【解析】 【分析】通过韦恩图，可知所求集合为()U N C M ，求解出集合N ，利用集合运算知识求解即可． 【详解】由()2020x x x +<⇒-<<，即{}20N x x =-<< 图中阴影部分表示的集合为：()U N C M又{}1U C M x x =≥-(){}10U N C M x x ∴⋂=-≤<本题正确选项：A 【点睛】本题关键在于通过韦恩图确定所求集合，属于基础题． 3．D 【解析】 【分析】 利用抽样比求解 【详解】设该样本中获得A 或B 等级的学生人数为x ，则1540110200100x x +=∴= 故选：D 【点睛】本题考查分层抽样的定义与应用，考查计算能力，是基础题 4．C【解析】 【分析】首先求出命题为真时参数a 的取值范围，再找出其一个充分不必要条件； 【详解】解：因为{}|12A x x =≤≤，2,0x A x a ∀∈-≤为真命题，所以()2maxa x≥，x A ∈，因为函数()2f x x =在[]1,2上单调递增，所以()2max4x=，所以4a ≥又因为[)[)5,4,+∞+∞所以命题“2,0x A x a ∀∈-≤，{}|12A x x =≤≤”是真命题的一个充分不必要条件为5a ≥故选：C 【点睛】本题考查全称命题为真求参数的取值范围，以及充分条件、必要条件，属于基础题. 5．C 【解析】 【分析】根据向量数量积的运算及向量的模相等，即可求出夹角. 【详解】22(2)22||||cos ,||0a b b a b b a b a b b →→→→→→→→→→→+⋅=⋅+=<>+=，且||||a b →→=，2cos ,10a b →→∴<>+=， 1cos ,2a b →→∴<>=-，2,3a b π→→∴<>=，故选：C 【点睛】本题主要考查了向量的数量积的运算，考查了数量积的性质，属于中档题. 6．A 【解析】试题分析：根据题意，由于n⎛ ⎝展开式各项系数之和为2n=64，解得n=6，则展开式的常数项为3336(540C =- ，故答案为A. 考点：二项展开式的通项公式点评：本题考查二项式系数的性质及二项展开式的通项公式是解决二项展开式的特定项问题的工具．7．A 【解析】 【分析】由题意可得0m =，可得||()21x f x =-在(0,)+∞单调递增，在(,0)-∞单调递减，比较三个变量的绝对值大小可得． 【详解】定义在R 上的函数||()21(x m f x m -=-为实数）为偶函数， (1)f f ∴-=（1），即|1||1|2121m m ----=-，解得0m =，检验得当0m =时，原函数为偶函数.||()21x f x ∴=-在(0,)+∞单调递增，在(,0)-∞单调递减， 312(0,1)8-=∈，31m =，0.52|log 3|log 31=>，30.5(2)(3)(log 3)m f f f -∴<<，即a b c << 故选：A ． 【点睛】本题考查函数的单调性和奇偶性的应用，考查对数式大小的比较，意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平，属于基础题． 8．A 【解析】依题意有()f x 的周期为()22ππ,3,sin 334T f x A x πωω⎛⎫====+ ⎪⎝⎭.而()πππππsin 3sin 3sin 3244124g x A x A x A x ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=++=++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦，故应左移π12.9．A 【解析】【分析】由函数的奇偶性及特殊点的函数值，运用排除法得解.【详解】()()f x f x -====-，()f x ∴为奇函数，排除B ，C ；又3()()0,()022f f f πππ===>，排除D ； 故选：A.【点睛】本题主要考查利用函数性质确定函数图象，属于基础题. 10．D 【解析】 【分析】由题知、、A B C 三点共线，又398OB a OA a OC =+，得3981a a +=，由等差数列的前n 项和公式算出100S . 【详解】AB BC λ=，A B C ∴、、三点共线，又由②③得3981a a +=，因为等差数列{}n a ，所以()()1100391080100=50502S a a a a +=+=.故选：D 【点睛】本题主要考查了共线向量定理，等差数列的前n 项和，等差数列的性质，考查了学生的运算求解能力. 11．B 【解析】 【分析】根据25a =，535S =求出数列的通项公式，再利用裂项相消法求出数列的和，然后由21n m T +>恒成立求解.【详解】因为数列{}n a 为等差数列，n S 是其前n 项和，25a =，535S =. 设首项为1a ，公差为d ，所以115545352a d a d +=⎧⎪⎨⨯+=⎪⎩，解得132a d =⎧⎨=⎩，故32(1)21n a n n =+-=+，所以111111()·(21)(23)22123n n a a n n n n +==-++++，所以11111111111()()23557212323236n T n n n =-+-+⋯+-=-<+++. 因为对于一切n ∈+N 都有21n m T +>恒成立， 所以1216+m ，解得512≥-m ， 故m 的最小整数为0.故选：B . 【点睛】本题主要考查数列的通项公式，裂项相消法求数列的和，还考查了运算和求解的能力，属于中档题. 12．C 【解析】 【分析】作出函数()y f x =的图象，数形结合可得出实数a 的取值范围，将21x 、2x 用a 表示，可将212x x +表示为以a 为自变量的函数，利用导数可求得212x x +的最大值和最小值，进而可求得结果. 【详解】作出函数()y f x =的图象如下图所示：由图象可知，当31a -≤≤时，直线y a =与函数()y f x =的图象有两个交点()1,x a 、()2,x a ，12x x <，则2121ln x a x a ⎧-=⎨=⎩，可得2121ax a x e⎧=-⎨=⎩，则2121ax x e a +=-+， 构造函数()1xx g x e =-+，其中31x -≤≤，则()1xg x e '=-.当-<3≤0x 时，()0g x '<，此时函数()y g x =单调递减； 当01x <≤时，()0g x '>，此时函数()yg x =单调递增.所以，()()min 02g x g ==，()334g e --=+，()1g e =，显然()()31g g ->，()()3max 34g x g e -∴=-=+.因此，212x x +的最大值和最小值之和为33426e e --++=+. 故选：C. 【点睛】本题考查利用导数求解代数式的最值，解题的关键就是将212x x +表示为以a 为自变量的函数，考查计算能力，属于中等题. 13．3- 【解析】 【分析】求导，利用导数的几何意义计算即可． 【详解】解：()y 1xxae ax e =++'则()f 012a =+=-' 所以3a =- 故答案为-3. 【点睛】本题主要考查导数的计算和导数的几何意义，属于基础题．14 【解析】 【分析】根据向量的平行和垂直关系求出x ，y 的取值，再求向量之和的模长. 【详解】a c ⊥220x ⇒-+=1x ⇒=(1,1)a ⇒=，//b c 420y ⇒+=2y ⇒=-(2,2)b ⇒=-(3,1)a b ⇒+=-||a b ⇒+==.【点睛】本题考查向量的数量积、向量模的求法，属于基础题. 15．1-. 【解析】【分析】根据题意，由定积分公式求出a 的值，进而在20202020(1)(12)ax x -=-中，分别令0x =和1x =，分析可得答案.【详解】解：根据题意，20221(2)24a πππ==⨯⨯⨯=， 则20202020220200122020(1)(12)()ax x b b x b x b x x R -=-=+++⋯+∈，令0x =可得：202001b =，即01b =， 令12x =可得：20202020120220201(12)02222b b b b -⨯=+++⋯+=， 又由01b =，则202012220201222b b b ++⋯+=-； 故答案为：1-【点睛】本题考查二项式定理的应用，涉及特殊值的应用，关键是求出a 的值，属于基础题.16．③【解析】试题分析：对应①当0≥a 时，()()44=+f a f ，即44=+a ，解得4=a ；当0<a 时，()()44=+f a f 即44=+-a ，解得4-=a ，故4±=a ，故①不正确；对应②把x y 2sin =的图象向左平移3π单位，得到⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=322sin 32sin ππx x y ，故②不正确；对应③()()[]()()x f x f x f x f =+-=++=+1112故函数()x f 的周期2=T ，故③正确；对于④由于()x f 是奇函数，()()011=-=-f f ，不等式()0<x f的解集{}10,1|<<-<x x x 或，故④不对．考点：函数性质的综合应用．17．（1）3π；（2）3. 【解析】【分析】（12sin c A =，利用正弦定理中的边化角公式，求出C ∠；（2）由ABC S ∆=in 12s S ab C =，求出ab ，再利用余弦定理求得22a b 15+=，即可求出+a b ，因而得出ABC ∆的周长.【详解】（1）sin sin c A C a ==，∵C 是锐角，∴3C π=. （2）1sin 62ABC S ab C ab ∆==⇒=， 222222cos 915c a b ab C a b =+-=⇒+=，∴()222227a b a b ab a b +=++=⇒+=从而，周长3a b c ++=.【点睛】本题考查利用正弦定理和余弦定理来解三角形，同时涉及三角形的面积公式和周长. 18．（1）证明见解析（2）1122n n --+ 【解析】【分析】（1）由()*124n n n a a n N a +=∈-,可得12421221n n n a a a +⎛⎫-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭,根据等比数列概念即可得出答案; （2）由（1）知1212n n a --=,可得121211222n n n a --+==+,采用分组求和方法,即可求得数列1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和.【详解】（1） ()*124n n na a n N a +=∈- ∴ 1412122n n n n a a a a +-==-， 则12421221n n n a a a +⎛⎫-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭，又12110a -=≠，∴21n a ⎧⎫-⎨⎬⎩⎭是以1为首项，2为公比的等比数列. （2）由（1）知1212n na --=， ∴121211222n n n a --+==+， 故其前n 项和为:()11121221222n n n n n S ---=+=+-. ∴ 数列1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为:1122n n --+. 【点睛】本题主要考查判断数列是否为等比数列和分组求和,解题关键是掌握等比数列的前n 项和公式和等差数列前n 项和公式,考查了计算能力,属于基础题.19．（1）54πα=；（2）-59. 【解析】【分析】 （1）首先可以通过()30A ，、()03B ，、()cos sin C αα，写出AC →和BC →，然后由向量的模的运算，将AC BC →→=化简可得cos sin αα=，最后通过322ππα<<即可得出角α的值； （2）由于1AC BC →→⋅=-，根据向量的数量积运算化简得到2cos sin 3αα+=，再通过2cos sin 3αα+=化简得到52sin cos 9αα=-，最后利用同角三角函数关系以及二倍角的正弦公式进行化简，即可得到()22sin sin 21tan ααα++的值． 【详解】解：（1）已知()30A ，、()03B ，、()cos sin C αα，， 所以()cos 3sin AC αα→=-，，()cos sin 3BC αα→=-，， 因为AC BC →→=，所以()()2222cos 3sin cos sin 3αααα-+=+-，化简得cos sin αα=，即()4k k Z παπ=+∈， 因为322ππα<<，所以54πα=； （2）由1AC BC →→⋅=-可得()()cos 3cos sin sin 31αααα-+-=-， 化简得2cos sin 3αα+=，()252sin cos cos sin 19αααα=+-=-， 所以()222sin sin 22sin 2sin cos cos sin 1tan cos ααααααααα++=++ 222sin cos 2sin cos 52sin cos cos sin 9αααααααα+===-+， 综上所述，()22sin sin 251tan 9ααα+=-+． 【点睛】本题考查三角函数的化简求值，考查平面向量的模和向量数量积的应用，以及同角三角函数关系和二倍角的正弦公式的应用，考查化简计算能力.20．（1）1324； （2）分布列见解析，112.2； （3）22ˆ101.55y x =+，预报2020年该城市消费者信心指数的年平均值123.5. 【解析】【分析】（1）根据频数分布表2，得到频数共有16个，其中不小于115共有5个，结合古典概型的概率计算公式，即可求解；（2）由表2，得出102.5,107.5,112.5,117.5X =，求得相应的概率，得出分布列，利用公式求得期望；（3）由表中的数据，利用公式，求得22ˆ5b =，进而求得ˆˆ101.5a y bx =-=，求得回归直线方程，进而作出预测.【详解】（1）根据2016年至2019年该城市各季度的消费者信心指数的频数分布表2，可得频数共有227616+++=个，其中不小于115共有5个，所以从2016年至2019年该城市各季度消费者信心指数中任取2个，至少有一个不小于115的概率为2115511216651312024C C C P C +===. （2）由表2中各区间内的消费者信心指数用其所在区间的中点值代替，则任取一个消费者信心指数X 为随机变量，可得随机变量的可能取值为102.5,107.5,112.5,117.5X =，其中2121(102.5),(107.5)168168P X P X ======, 75(112.5),(117.5)1616P X P X ====, 所以随机变量的分布列为： 可得随机变量的期望为()1175102.5107.5112.5117.5112.2881616E X =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯≈. （3）由题意知1234 2.54x +++==，105112114119112.54y +++==， 又由()()1(1 2.5)(105112.5)(2 2.5)(112112.5)n i ii x x y y =--=--+--∑ (3 2.5)(114112.5)(4 2.5)(119112.5)22+--+--= ()222221(1 2.5)(2 2.5)(3 2.5)(4 2.5)5n i i x x =-=-+-+-+-=∑，所以()()()12122ˆ5ni ii n ii x x y y b x x ==--==-∑∑， 又由22ˆˆ112.5 2.5101.55ay bx =-=-⨯=， 所以变量y 关于x 的线性回归方程22ˆ101.55y x =+， 当5x =时，22ˆ5101.5123.55y =⨯+=， 即预报2020年该城市消费者信心指数的年平均值123.5.【点睛】本题主要考查了古典概型及概率的计算，以及离散型随机变量的分布列与期望的求解，以及回归直线方程的求解及应用，其中解答中认真审题，结合表格中的数据，结合公式准确计算是解答的关键，着重考查运算能力，属于中档试题.21．（1）极大值为13ln 212f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，()f x 的极小值为()11f =；（2）()21,2,1e e ⎛⎫+-∞-+∞ ⎪-⎝⎭. 【解析】【分析】（1）求出导函数()'f x ，由()0f x '>确定增区间，()0f x '<确定减区间，然后可得极值；（2）不等式转化为0n 1l x k k xx ++-<有解，引入函数()1ln k h x x k x x +=+-，只需()h x 在[]1,e 上的最小值小于0，【详解】解：（1）当3k =-时，()()()2222211132312x x x x f x x x x x---+'=+-==. ∵0x >，∴当10,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭，()1,+∞时，()0f x '>； 当1,12x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时，()0f x '<. ∴()f x 的递增区间为10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，()1,+∞，()f x 的递减区间为1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭， ∴()f x 的极大值为13ln 212f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，()f x 的极小值为()11f =. （2）若[]1,x e ∃∈，使得()3x f x k x -<-成立， 即ln l 2n 1130k k x x k k x x xx x x +-++-⇒-<-<有解， 设()1ln k h x x k x x+=+-，只需()h x 在[]1,e 上的最小值小于0， ()()()221111x x k k k h x x x x+-+⎡⎤+⎣⎦'=--=. ①当0k ≤时，[1,e]x ∈时，()0h x '>，()h x 在[]1,e 上单调递增，()()min 11102h x h k k ==++<⇒<-.∵20-<，∴2k <-.②当11k e <+<，即01k e <<-时，[1,1)x k ∈+，()0h x '<，(1,]x k e ∈+时，()0h x '>，()h x 在区间[]1,1k +上单调递减，在区间[]1,k e +上单调递增，∴()()()()min 111ln 12ln 1h x h k k k k k k k =+=++-+=+-+.∵11k e <+<，）()()0ln 110ln 1k k k k <+<⇒<+<，∴()2ln 12k k k +-+>，不满足题意.③当1k e +≥，即1k e ≥-时，[1,e]x ∈时，()0h x '<，()h x 在[]1,e 单调递减， ()()2min 1101k e h x h e e k e k e ++==+<>⇒--. 又∵2111e e e +>--，）211e e k +>-. ∴实数k 的取值范围是()21,2,1e e ⎛⎫+-∞-+∞ ⎪-⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查用导数求函数的极值，研究不等式有解问题，解题方法是转化为函数的最小值小于0．旨在考查学生的运算求解能力，转化与化归能力，逻辑推理能力，分类讨论思想．22．（1）sin()3πρθ+=（21【解析】【分析】（1）求出直线的方程，利用极坐标与直角坐标的互化公式求得直线极坐标方程； （2）求出圆心到直线的距离d ，RQ 的最小值为d r -.【详解】（1）由2,3P π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭可得点P 的直角坐标P ， 因为直线l 与极轴所成的角为23π，所以斜率k =直线方程为1)y x -=-，0y +-=，根据cos ,sin x y ρθρθ==cos sin 0θρθ+-=，化简可得：sin()3πρθ+=，（2）由1ρ=可得，221x y +=，则圆心到直线l 的距离d ==所以RQ 的最小值为1d r -=. 【点睛】本题主要考查了直线与圆的直角坐标方程与极坐标方程的互化，考查了点到直线的距离，圆的几何性质，属于中档题.23．（1）证明见解析（2）1【解析】【分析】（1）利用“1”的变形，由均值不等式求证即可；（2）根据柯西不等式，直接求最值即可.【详解】（1）,,1a b R a b +∈+=1111()224b a a b a b a b a b ⎛⎫∴+=++=++≥+= ⎪⎝⎭， 当且仅当b a a b =，即12a b ==时，等号成立. （2）由柯西不等式知，()()2222222(23)123x y z x y z ++++++ 2221x y z ∴++， 当且仅当123x y z ==时取等号， 即222x y z ++的最小值为1【点睛】本题主要考查了均值不等式，柯西不等式的应用，属于中档题.。