国贸翻译
国贸主要英文缩写
国贸常用术语大全：A组ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定Asia NorthAmerica EastboundRateB组BAF（燃油附加费）：BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTORBAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。
BAF 燃油附加费Bunker AdjustmentFactorB/L（提单）：BILL OF LADINGB/L 海运提单Bill of LadingB/L （bill of lading)提单B/R 买价Buying RateC组（主要运费已付）CFR 成本加运费（……指定目的港）CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价C&F（成本加运费）：COST AND FREIGHTC&F 成本加海运费COST AND FREIGHTCIF 成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）CIF 成本，保险加海运费COST，INSURANCE，FRIGHTCIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT FOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARDCPT 运费付至（……指定目的港）CPT 运费付至目的地Carriage Paid ToCIP 运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地）CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地Carriage and Insurance Paid ToCY/CY 整柜交货（起点/终点）C.Y. 货柜场Container YardCY（码头）：CONTAINER YARDCFS（场）：CARGO FREIGHT STA TIONC/D (customs declaration)报关单C．C．（运费到付）：COLLECTC.C 运费到付CollectCNTR NO. （柜号）：CONTAINER NUMBERC.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱C.S.C 货柜服务费Container Service ChargeC/(CNEE) 收货人ConsigneeC/O 产地证Certificate of OriginCAF 货币汇率附加费Currency Adjustment FactorCFS 散货仓库Container Freight StationCFS/CFS 散装交货（起点/终点）CHB 报关行Customs House BrokerCOMM 商品CommodityCTNR 柜子ContainerD组（到达）DAF 边境交货（……指定地点）DAF 边境交货Delivered At FrontierDES 目的港船上交货（……指定目的港）DES 目的港船上交货Delivered Ex ShipDEQ 目的港码头交货（……指定目的港）DEQ 目的港码头交货Delivered Ex QuayDDU 未完税交货（……指定目的地）DDU 未完税交货Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP 完税后交货（……指定目的地）DDP 完税后交货Delivered Duty PaidDDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用DDC 目的港码头费Destination Delivery ChargeDL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/P 付款交单Document Against PaymentDOC (document)文件、单据DOC（文件费）：DOCUMENT CHARGEDoc# 文件号码Document NumberD/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单D/A 承兑交单Document Against AcceptanceDOZ/DZ(dozen)一打D/O 到港通知Delivery OrderE组（发货）EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点）Ex 工厂交货Work/ExFactoryETA（到港日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIV ALETD（开船日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERYETC（截关日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSINGEBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式，EBS一般是澳洲航线使用，EBA一般是非洲航线、中南美航线使用EXP（export)出口EA(each)每个，各EPS 设备位置附加费Equipment Position SurchargesF组（主要运费未付）FCA 货交承运人（……指定地点）FCA 货交承运人Free CarrierFAS 船边交货（……指定装运港）FOB 船上交货（……指定装运港）FOB 船上交货Free On BoardFOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARDCIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHTFCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOADFCL 整柜Full Container LoadLCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用）FAF 燃料附加费Fuel AdjustmentFactorFAC(facsimile)传真Form A ---产地证（贸易公司）F/F 货运代理Freight ForwarderFAK 各种货品Freight All KindFAS 装运港船边交货Free Alongside ShipFeeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次FEU 40‘柜型Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’FMC 联邦海事委员会Federal Maritime CommissionFIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思，指船公司不付装船和卸船费用FIOST条款,指船公司不负责装,卸,平舱,理舱FI是FREE IN的意思，指船公司不付装FO是FREE OUT的意思，同理指船公司不付卸G组GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用GRI 全面涨价General RateIncreaseG.W.(gross weight)毛重G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制H组HB/L（货代提单）：HOUSE BILL OF LADINGHBL 子提单House B/LH/C 代理费Handling ChargeI 组IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用INT（international)国际的INV (invoice)发票IMP(import)进口I/S 内销售Inside SalesIA 各别调价Independent ActionJ 组JP---代表“日元”L组FCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOADLCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD LCL 拼柜Less Than Container LoadL/C （letter of credit)信用证L/C 信用证Letter of CreditLand Bridge 陆桥M 组MB/L 主提单Master Bill Of LoadingMIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M/V（merchant vessel)商船MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨M/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）Measurement TonMAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的MLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口Minni Land BridgeMother Vessel 主线船MTD 多式联运单据Multimodal Transport DocumentN组NOVCC（无船承运人）：NON VESSEL OPRERA TING COMMON CARRIER NVOCC 无船承运人Non Vessel OperatingCommon CarrierN.W.(net weight)净重N/F 通知人NotifyO组O/F 海运费Ocean FreightO/F（海运费）：OCEAN FREIGHTORC（广东地区原产地收货费）：ORIGINAL RECEIVING CHARGEOB/L（海运提单）：OCEAN BILL OF LADINGOBL 海运提单Ocean (or original )B/LORC 本地出口附加费，和SPS类似，一般在华南地区使用ORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取）Origen Recevie ChargesOCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点Overland Continental PointOP 操作OperationP组POD 目地港Port Of DestinationPOL 装运港Port Of LoadingPSS 旺季附加费Peak Season SuchargesPSS（旺季附加费）：PEAK CEASON SURCHARGEPSS 旺季附加费，大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用REF （reference)参考、查价RMB（renminbi)人民币PR或PRC(price) 价格P/P（运费预付）：FREIGHT PREPAIDP.P 预付PrepaidPCS 港口拥挤附加费，一般是以色列、印度某些港口及中南美航线使用PCS 港口拥挤附加费Port Congestion SurchargePTF 巴拿马运河附加费，美国航线、中南美航线使用PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表PCT (percent)百分比PUR (purchase)购买、购货S组S/O（订舱单）：SHIPPING ORDERS/O 装货指示书Shipping OrderSEAL NO. （铅封号）S/C（sales contract)销售确认书S/C 售货合同Sales ContractSC 服务合同Service ContractSTL.(style)式样、款式、类型SPS 上海港口附加费（船挂上港九区、十区）S.S(steamship)船运S/M （shipping marks)装船标记S/(Shpr) 发货人ShipperS/R 卖价Selling RateS/S Spread Sheet Spread SheetSSL 船公司Steam Ship LineSDR special drawing rights 特别提款权T组THC（码头费）：TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGETHC 码头操作费（香港收取) Terminal Handling ChargesT/T（电汇）：TELEGRAM TRANSITT/T 航程Transit TimeT/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇T.O.C 码头操作费Terminal Operations OptionT.R.C 码头收柜费Terminal Receiving ChargeT/S 转船，转运Trans-ShipTVC/ TVR 定期定量合同Time V olume Contract/ RateTEU 20‘柜型Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’TTL 总共TotalT或LTX或TX(telex)电传V组VESSEL/VOYAGE（船名/航次）VOCC 船公司Vessel Operating Common CarrierW组W (with)具有WT(weight)重量W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight Tonw/o(without)没有W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费Weight or Measurement ton Y组YAS 日元升值附加费（日本航线专用）YAS 码头附加费Yard Surcharges。
国贸术语
自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments 有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesC2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则“buy local” rules增加内需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local” rules 本地采购原则C3Trade bloc 贸易集团Trade block 贸易禁运／封锁Open regionalism 开放式区域主义Free trade area 自由贸易区Customs union 关税联盟Common market 共同市场Economic union 经济联盟Trade embargoes 贸易禁运Boycotts 抵制歧视性关税discriminatory tariffs经济制裁economic sanction贸易弹性trade elasticity双边贸易协定bilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定multilateral trade agreements最惠国most favored nationC4施惠国Patronage nations受惠国Favored nations缔约国Contracting Parties市场准入market access透明度transparency紧急进口措施Urgent Importing Measures争端解决机制dispute settlement mechanism可持续发展sustainable development特许经营franchiseC5FOB 班轮条件 FOB liner term清关customs clearanceFOB 吊钩下交货FOB Under Tackle平舱trim多式联运multimodal transport船舷shipboard内陆水运marine navigation on inland waterway 理舱stow卸货费discharge expense投保cover insuranceCFR 卸至岸上（含着陆费） CFR Landed班轮liner单据买卖documentary salesCFR 舱底交货CFR Ex-ship’s HoldCFR 班轮条件CFR liner terms象征性交货symbolic deliveryC6Sales by Seller’s／Buyer’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖／凭买方样品买卖Reference ／Duplicate Sample 基准样品／副样Qulity Tolerance 品质公差Counter Sample 对等样品More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款Neutral Packing 中性包装Customs Formality 报关手续Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书FDA 食品及药物管理局Marking of Goods 标记货物毛重gross weight理论重量theoretical weight净重net weight约定皮重computed tare公量conditioned weight单位重量unit weight含水量water capacity习惯皮重customary tare法定重量legal weight实际皮重actual tare从价税ad valorem duty平均皮重average tare货样不符goods not equal to the sample副产品by-products国家质量监督校验检疫总局General Administration of Quality Supervision，C7油轮Oil tanker定程租船Voyage Charter滚装船Ro ／Ro vessel定期租船Time Charter载驳轮LASH（Light Aboard Ship）光船租船Bare Boat Charter（BBC）船期表sailing schedule租船合同charter contract滞期费demurrage charge班轮运价表liner freight rate schedule速遣费dispatch money选卸附加费optional additional直航附加费direct additional转船附加费transshipment surcharge港口拥挤附加费Port Congestion Surcharge运输代理transpotation agent包裹package拼箱货LCL（Less than container load）结汇settlement整箱货FCL（Full container load）空运单Air waybill集装箱货运站container yard装运通知shipping notice处置权right of disposalPartial shipment ／transshipment 分批装船／转运Bill of lading 提单Clean B ／L 清洁提单Order B ／L 指示提单Combined transport B ／L 联合运输提单Blank B／L 空白提单Straight B／L 记名提单Through B ／L 联运提单Liner B／L 班轮提单Ante-dated B ／L 倒签提单Advanced B／L 预借提单Consignment note 陆运或铁路运输通知Blank endorsement 空白背书IATA 国际航空运输协会Combined transport documents 多式联运单据FCL ／LCL 整箱交／拆箱接C8投保人insured共同海损general average投保金额insured amount外来风险extraneous risks保险单insurance policy推定全损constructive average海上风险marine risks施救费用salvage charges救助费用sue and labor expenses意外事故misfortune承保人insurer单独海损particular average保险费insurance premium航空运输货物战争险air transportation war risk陆运险land transportation risks陆运一切险land transportation all risks估损费用risk estimation charges航空运输一切险air transportation all risks Ocean marine insurance 海运保险War risks 战争险Basic risks coverage 基本险种Insured amount 投保金额T.P.N.D 偷盗、失窃、提货不着险Taint of ordr 窜味险Overland transportation insurance 陆上运输保险C9Cost structure 成本构成Cost of production 生产成本Profit margin 边际利润Selling cost 销售成本Target costing 目标成本法Everyday low pricing （EDLP）每日低价Total fixed cost 总固定成本Variable cost 变动成本Skimming price strategy 撇脂定价战略Penetration strategy 渗透定价战略Floating exchange risk 浮动汇率风险成本导向定价法pricing based on cost盈亏平衡定价法break-even pricing边际成本定价法Marginal cost pricing损益两平点break-even point计价货币money of account支付货币money of payment硬货币hard currency软货币soft currency汇率exchange rate价款调整price adjustment佣金／折扣commission ／discountC10信用状况credit standard远期信用证time L ／C， usance L ／C通知银行advising bank信用证有效期the maturity of L ／C交付运单delivery of B ／L支付保障条款confirmation of credit支付结算payment and settlement申请人与受益人applicant and beneficiary国际保理international factoringirrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证confirmed L ／C 保兑信用证revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证sight draft 即期汇票commercial bill of exchange 商业汇票time draft 远期汇票governmental guarantee 政府保函drawee 付款人C11索赔claims不可抗力force majeure仲裁条款arbitration clause仲裁员arbitrator做出裁决issue an award提出仲裁申请submit dispute to arbitration国际商会International Chamber of Commerce美国仲裁协会American Arbitration Association听证hear a case中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会China International Economic ＆ Trade Arbitration Commission首席仲裁员presiding arbitratorC12Target market 目标市场Market research 市场调研Potential partner 潜在合作伙伴ICC 国际商会Qualified negotiators 合格的谈判队伍Team spirit 团队精神Commercial negotiation 商业谈判Negotiation brief 谈判纪要Negotiation team 谈判团队Conclude a negotiation 终结谈判Credit reference 信用参照Business range 商务往来范围Face-to-face negotiation 面对面谈判Annual sales volume 年度销售额Trade show 贸易展销会C13还盘counter-offer询盘inquiry受盘人offeree发盘人offeror发盘offer可撤消的revocable虚盘offer without engagement实盘offer with engagement一般交易条件common practice in international trade失效invalid撤回revoke市场经济地位market economy statusC14出口程序exporting procedures出口许可exporting license计价货币payment of account订舱book the shipping space or ship审单check documents报关customs dedaration提货taking delivery备货cargo readiness制单结汇document examination and paymentC15Importing procedures 进口程序Import license system 进口许可制度Returned Goods Relief 退转商品减免Product liability 产品责任ATA carnet 暂准进口证Inward ／Outward processing 进出口加工C16原产地证书certification of origin领事发票consular invoice海关发票customs invoice外汇许可证foreign exchange license形式发票pro forma invoice商业发票commercial invoice国际汇款申请单application for international transfer跟单信用证申请表application for documentary letter of credit 海运提单bill of lading多联运提单Multi-transportation B ／L托运单consignment note到货通知arrival notification。
国贸英语
外贸英语1. 报检基础英语词汇1.foreign trade （外贸）contract （合同）invoice （发票）2. bill of lading （提单）L/C （信用证）buyer （买方）3. import （出口）export（进口）corporation（公司）4. textile （纺织品）telephone（电话）manager（经理）5. message （文电）order （条款）trouble （麻烦）6. minute （分钟）agree （同意）machinery（机械）7. sales （销售）receive（收到）cable （电报）8. customer （顾客）accept （接受）choice （选择）9. industrial （工业的）product（产品）terms（条款）10. important （重要）sign （签字）each (每一个)11. business （业务）start（开始）wait（等待）12. sure （肯定）service（服务）rest （休息）13. fair （交易会）spend（花费）certainly（当然）14. goods（货物）display（展示）commodity（商品）15. silk （丝绸）garment（服装）sample（样品）16. sell（卖出）market（市场）world（世界）17. example（例子）of course（当然）popular（流行的）18. policy（政策）visit （拜访）relation（关系）19. past（过去的）fact（事实）benefit（利益）20. commercial（商业的）cooperate（合作）future（未来）21. specification（规格）price（价格）22. FOB（离岸价）CIF（到岸价）23. inspection（检验）test（检测）report（报告）24. certificate（证书）stamp（印章）health（健康）25. quality （品质）weight（重量）quantity（数量）26. wrong（错误的）colour（颜色）date （日期）27. shipment（装船）answer（回答）delivery（交货）28. size（尺码）percent (百分之) toy（玩具）29. packing（包装）carton（纸箱）kilogram（公斤）30. net weight（净重）confirmation（确认）agent（代理人）31. beneficiary（受益人）applicant（申请人）opening bank（开证行）32. Certificate of Quality（品质证书）Certificate of Weight（重量证书）33. Certificate of Quantity（数量证书）Certificate of packing（包装证书）34. Certificate of Health （健康证书）Certificate of Quarantine（检疫证书）35. veterinary Certificate （兽医证书）Sanitary Certificate（卫生证书）36. Certificate of Origin（产地证书）Certificate of Fumigation（熏蒸证书）37. Fumigation / Disinfection Certificate （熏蒸/消毒证书）38. Animal Health Certificate （动物卫生证书）39. phytosanitary Certificate （植物检疫证书）40. phytosanitary Certificate For Re — export（植物转口检疫证书）41. Sanitary Certificate For Conveyance交通工具卫生证书42. Quarantine Certificate For Conveyance运输工具检疫证书43. veterinary Health Certificate（兽医卫生证书）44. consignee（收货人）consignor（发货人）45. description of goods（货物名称）46. quantity / weight declared （报检数/重量）47. Contract No.（合同号）Invoice No.（发票号）48. place of arrival（到货地点）means of Conveyance（运输工具）49. date of arrival (到货时间) B/L or Way Bill No.（提单或运单号）50. place of despatch（启运口岸）port of destination （到达口岸）51. Date of completion of discharge （卸货日期）52. Mark & No. （标签及号码）destination （目的地）53. Name and No. of Conveyance （运输工具名称及号码）54. port of despatch（启运口岸）port of destination （到达口岸）55. date of arrival / departure （到达/离境日期）56. name and address of consignor （发货人名称及地址）57. name and address of consignee （收货人名称及地址）58. number and type of packages （包装种类及数量）59. document （单据）rule （规则）bank （银行）60. importer（进口商）exporter（出口商）trade mark （商标）61. container （集装箱）vessel（船）to order （待指定）62. plastic drum（塑料桶）gunny bag（麻袋）sack wooden case （木箱）63. packing material（包装材料）outer package （外包装）64. flexible package (软包装) transparent package（透明包装）65. wooden pallet （木托盘）corrugated carton (瓦楞纸箱)66. plywood （胶合板箱）poly bag （塑料袋）67. vacuum packaging （真空包装）cushioning material （衬垫材料）68. dozen (打) roll （卷）bundle （捆）69. water proof packaging （防水包装）rustproof packaging（防锈包装）70. moisture proof packaging （防潮包装）71. shock proof packaging （防震包装）72. adhesive tape （压敏胶带）plastic foam （泡沫塑料）73. long 长high 高thick 厚74. top 顶bottom 底side 边75. fragile 易碎的hard 硬的sharp 锋利的76. packing soumd 包装良好no leakage 无渗漏的77. total net weight 总净重量pumpkin seeds 南瓜子garlic 大蒜78. bike 自行车rubber shoes 胶鞋game player 游戏机79. loud speaker扬声器citric acid 柠檬酸80. inspection Certificate 检验证书certify 证明81. GuangDong Native Product Import & export Corporation 广东土产进出口公司82. The goods were packed in gunny bags of 50kgs net each.货物用麻袋包装，每袋净重50公斤83. The quality of the above mentioned goods were in conformity with the requirement of the contract No.JBD-089. 上述货物的品质符合JBD-089合同号的品质要求。
国际贸易词汇
国际贸易词汇delivery against payment是最地道的说法了。
这是国内、国际贸易中经常采用的说法。
另外还有现款提货（Cash against delivery), Cash On Demand(一手交钱一手交货，简称COD).国际贸易中还有一些其它的付款方式，比如：letter of credit(信用证），D/P (Documents against payment付款交单)，Telegraphic Transfer(T/T,电汇），collection(托收）等等很多。
另外还有一些其他词汇与付款有关，如draft(汇票），promissory note(本票），check(支票），bill of exchange(汇票）等等。
再比如：clean draft光票; 普通汇票commercial draft商业票据commercial bill商业票据commercial paper商业票据date draft (=time draft)远期汇票, 定期票据decline draft 拒付demand draft即期汇票direct draft直接汇票dishonour draft拒付documentary draft押汇汇票; 交换提单的汇票domestic draft国内汇票感谢to whom it may concern这是写信常用的称谓，如Mr.Zhang,Miss Wang等等，但是比如，你如果写给招聘者应聘信，或者不知道收信人是谁，什么职务，叫什么，就可以用to whom it may concern，安照咱们中文的意思为“敬启者”。
"给相关负责人". 常常用在给国外公司寄信时, 收件人一般这样写T o whom it may concern常用于推荐信或自荐信，作抬头用。
它的意思是“给任何相关的收信人”，它的作用相当于Dear Sir/Madam 或Gentlemen等。
国贸英语翻译
1、通过国际贸易，可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和服务。
通过国际贸易，富裕国家可以更高效的使用其劳动力、技术或资本等资源。
Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ，technology ,or capital-more efficiently.2、自从实行改革开放政策以后，特别是加入世界贸易组织以后，中国的对外贸易取得了引人注目的增长。
Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.3、所有国家都享有公认的保护国家利益的权利，但是这个原则以及他们对世界贸易组织规则的理解都可能存在很大的差异。
All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.4、在签订许可证协议之前，许可方全面了解被许可方国家有关知识产权的法律、法规。
国贸翻译 (2)
1, Insurance to be covered by the buyers.由买方负责投保。
2. Insurance to be covered by the sellers for 110% of invoice value against Marine Risks as perInstitute Cargo Clauses (A) dated 1/1/1982.由卖方按发票金额110%投保海运险，按照1982年1月1日伦敦保险业协会货物（A）险条款负责。
D800 per Metric ton CIF NewYork including 3% Commission & 3% discountCIF纽约每公吨800美元，佣金3%，折扣3%D1000 per M/T CIF HongKong including 3% Commission每公吨1000美元CIF香港，佣金3%D1000 per M/T CIFC3% Guangzhou每公吨1000美元CIFC3%广州D200 per metric ton CIF London including 3% discounta)每公吨200美元CIF伦敦，折扣3%7.或：USD200 per metric ton CIF London less 3% discounta)每公吨200美元CIF伦敦，减3%折扣8.The Buyers shall pay the total value to the Sellers in advance by T/T（M/T or D/D）not laterthan .... .买方应于。
前将全部货款用电汇(信汇、票汇)方式汇付给卖方。
9.The Buyers shall pay 100% of the sales proceeds in advance by T/T to reach the sellers notlater than .... .买方应于。
国贸英语——精选推荐
∙领料单stores requisition∙产品售价单invoicing data sheet∙内部运输单internal transport order∙统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments∙直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request∙直接支付估价单direct payment valuation∙数量估价单quantity valuation request∙数量估价申请quantity valuation request∙合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ∙标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ∙询价单enquiry∙临时支付申请interim application for payment∙支付协议agreement to pay∙意向书letter of intent∙订单order∙总订单blanket order∙现货订单sport order∙租赁单lease order∙紧急订单rush order∙修理单repair order∙分订单call off order∙寄售单consignment order∙样品订单sample order∙换货单swap order∙订购单变更请求purchase order change request∙租用单hire order∙备件订单spare parts order∙交货说明delivery instructions∙贷记单credit note∙佣金单commission note∙借记单debit note∙更正发票corrected invoice∙合并发票consolidated invoice∙预付发票prepayment invoice∙税务发票tax invoice∙自用发票self-billed invoice∙保兑发票delcredere invoice∙代理发票factored invoice∙租赁发票lease invoice∙寄售发票consignment invoice∙代理贷记单factored credit note∙银行汇票申请书application for banker's draft∙托收支付通知书collection payment advice∙跟单信用证支付通知书document．ry credit payment advice∙跟单信用证承兑通知书document．ry credit acceptance advice∙跟单信用证议付通知书document．ry credit negotiation advice∙银行担保申请书application for banker's guarantee∙银行担保banker's guarantee∙跟单信用证赔偿单document．ry credit letter of indemnity∙信用证预先通知书preadvice of a credit∙托收单collection order∙单证提交单document．presentation form∙付款单payment order∙扩展付款单extended payment order∙多重付款单multiple payment order∙贷记通知书credit advice∙扩展贷记通知书extended credit advice∙借记通知书debit advice∙借记撤消reversal of debit∙贷记撤消reversal of credit∙跟单信用证申请书document．ry credit application∙承运人货物收据goods receipt, carriage∙全程运单house waybill∙主提单master bill of lading∙副本提单bill of lading copy∙空集装箱提单empty container bill∙油轮提单tanker bill of lading∙海运单 sea waybill∙内河提单inland waterway bill of lading∙不可转让的海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document(generic)∙大副据mate's receipt∙全程提单house bill of lading∙无提单提货保函letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading∙货运代理人提单forwarder's bill of lading∙铁路托运单(通用条款) rail consignment note (generic term)∙陆运单road list-SMGS∙押运正式确认escort official recognition∙分段计费单证recharging document．∙公路托运单road cosignment note∙空运单 air waybill∙主空运单master air waybill∙分空运单substitute air waybill∙国人员物品申报crew's effects declaration∙乘客名单passenger list∙铁路运输交货通知delivery notice(rail transport)∙邮递包裹投递单despatch note (post parcels)∙多式联运单证(通用) multimodal／combined transport document(generic)∙直达提单 through bill of lading∙货运代理人运输证书forwarder's certificate of transport∙联运单证(通用) combined transport document(generic)∙多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document(generic)∙多式联运提单combined transport bill of lading／multimoda bill of lading∙订舱确认booking confirmation∙要求交货通知calling foward notice∙运费发票freight invoice∙货物到达通知arrival notice(goods)∙无法交货的通知notice of circumstances preventing delvery (goods)∙无法运货通知notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods)∙交货通知delivery notice (goods)∙载货清单cargo manifest∙载货运费清单freight manifest∙公路运输货物清单bordereau∙集装箱载货清单container manifes (unit packing list)∙铁路费用单charges note∙托收通知advice of collection∙船舶安全证书safety of ship certificate∙无线电台安全证书safety of radio certificate∙设备安全证书safety of equipment certificate∙油污民事责任书civil liability for oil certificate∙载重线证书loadline document．∙免于除鼠证书derat document．∙航海健康证书maritime declaration of health∙船舶登记证书certificate of registry∙船用物品申报单ship's stores declaration∙出口许可证申请表export licence, application∙出口许可证 export licence∙出口结汇核销单exchange control declaration, exprot∙T出口单证(海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note moder T∙T1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1∙T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2∙T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document T5∙铁路运输退运单re-sending consigment note∙T2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L∙出口货物报关单goods declaration for exportation∙离港货物报关单cargo declaration(departure)∙货物监管证书申请表application for goods control certificate∙货物监管证书申请表goods control certificate∙植物检疫申请表application for phytosanitary certificate∙植物检疫证书phytosanilary certificate∙卫生检疫证书sanitary certificate∙动物检疫证书veterinary certifieate∙商品检验申请表application for inspection certificate∙商品检验证书 inspection certificate∙原产地证书申请表certificate of origin, application for∙原产地证书certificate of origin∙原产地申明declaration of origin∙地区名称证书regional appellation certificate∙优惠原产地证书preference certificate of origin∙普惠制原产地证书 certificate of origin form GSP∙领事发票 cosular invoice∙出口统计报表statistical doucument, export∙国际贸易统计申报单intrastat declaration∙交货核对证明delivery verification certificate∙进口许可证申请表import licence, application for∙进口许可证 import licence∙无商业细节的报关单customs declaration without commercial detail∙有商业和项目细节的报关单customs declaration with commercial and item detail∙无项目细节的报关单customs declaration without item detail∙有关单证related document∙海关收据receipt (Customs)∙调汇申请application for exchange allocation∙调汇许可foreign exchange permit∙进口外汇管理申报exchange control declaration (import)∙进口货物报关单goods declaration for implortation∙内销货物报关单goods declaration for home use∙海关即刻放行报关单customs immediate release declaration∙海关放行通知customs delivery note∙到港货物报关单cargo declaration (arrival)∙货物价值申报清单value declaration∙海关发票 customs invoice∙邮包报关单customs deciaration (post parcels)∙增值税申报单tax declaration (value added tax)∙普通税申报单tax declaration (general)∙催税单tax demand∙禁运货物许可证embargo permit∙海关转运货物报关单goods declaration for customs transit∙TIF国际铁路运输报关单TIF form∙TIR国际公路运输报关单TIR carnet∙欧共体海关转运报关单EC carnet∙EUR1欧共体原产地证书EUR 1 certificate of origin∙暂准进口海关文件ATA carnt∙欧共体统一单证single administrative document．∙海关一般回复general response (Customs)∙海关公文回复document response (Customs)∙海关误差回复error response (Customs)∙海关一揽子回复packae response (Customs)∙海关计税／确认回复tax calculation ／confirmation response (Customs)∙配额预分配证书quota prior allocation certificate∙最终使用授权书end use authorization∙政府合同government contract∙进口统计报表statistical document．import∙跟单信用证开证申请书application for document．ry credit∙先前海关文件／报文previous Customs document．message。
国贸实训专业英语词汇
Words and Expressions1、merchant acceptance bill 商业承兑汇票2、extension of contract3、extend a L/C4、favorable balance of payments5、invisible trade6、surplus country7、comparative advantages8、gross profit9、profit margin10、deposit bank11、business bodies12、International business practice 国际贸易惯例13、target market14、prospective returns15、gap of demand and supply 供需缺口16、market research17、presentation of bill18、the chief produce of China19、claim 索赔20、claim settlement 理赔21、come to business22、sales by specifications23、quality tolerance24、appeal to arbitration申请仲裁25、established products26、maturity date27、domestic market28、profit outlook29、physical delivery 实际交货30、physicals market31、exclusive agent32、sanitary inspection certificate33、associate charge34、export documentation 出口单据35、exchange control36、import quotas进口配额37、customs union38、Uniform Customs and practice for Documentary Credit UCP39、regular practice40、exchange restriction41、application for import license42、submission to arbitration43、commercial invoice44、anti-subsidy duty 反补贴税45、price alteration46、preferred import status47、gross weight48、notify party49、delivered weight50、carrying capacity 运载能力51、packing list52、export contract53、firm offer54、shipping route55、Mate's Receipt 大副收据56、freight rates57、bare boat charter 光船租船58、dead freight59、demurrage charge 滞期费dispatch charge 速遣费60、time charter 按期租船61、freight ton 运费吨62、war risk63、clean B/L 清洁提单cleaner bill 光票64、negotiating bank65、original B/L66、Risk of Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery 偷窃与提货不着险67、tariff quotas68、bulk cargo69、mass production70、mutual responsibilities71、for reference72、sales confirmation73、metric ton 公吨74、fair average quality（FAQ）75、contract stipulations76、inflation rate77、margin money78、open account79、take delivery 提货make delivery 交货80、extraneous risk81、bearer B/L 来人抬头提单82、blank endorsement 空白背书83、remitting bank84、collecting bank85、documentary draft86、reference number87、non-acceptance88、bonded goods89、reimbursement agreement 偿付协议90、title documents 标题项下的单据91、documents against acceptance92、open insurance 预约保险93、cash payment94、cash before delivery 交付前付现金95、confirmed L/C96、automatic revolving L/C97、letter of guarantee（L/G）98、time draft 远期信用证sight draft 即期信用证99、release cargo100、Uniform Rules for Collection 托收统一规则101、Insurance Coverage102、insurance policy103、actual loss104、port of discharge105、assets and liabilities106、partial loss107、sea perils108、extraneous risks109、special additional risks110、Proforma Invoice 形式发票111、Provisional invoice112、Certificate of Origin113、Open Policy 预约保单114、Certificate of Damage115、Direct B/L 直达提单116、Received for Shipment B/L 备妥待运提单117、Shipped B/L 装船提单118、Straight B/L 直运提单119、Bearer B/L来人抬头提单120、Order B/L 凭指示提单121、On-Deck B/L 甲板提单122、Stale B/L 过期提单123、Anti-Dated B/L 到签提单124、post-dated B/L 顺签提单125、 A Notice of Dishonor 拒付通知126、The First Exchange 第一份汇票127、Second of Exchange Being Unpaid第二份汇票不付128、Total amount in words and in figures 总金额的大小写129、Please furnish us with the full details.130、shipper’s load, stowage and count 托运人装载……（承运人免责）131、In Apparent Good Order and Condition132、code of goods133、supplementary details。
国贸英语
civil /`sivl/: a. 全民的，国民的 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利civil service examination 公务员考试aviation /eivi`eif3n/: aviate vi. 飞行（衍生的名词形式：飞行，航空）民用航空，简称民航promise = make a promise承诺，允诺 `promising：有前途的，有希望的aircraft：飞行器，航行器 craft 工艺，手艺 handicraft：手工艺品maintenance /`meintin3ns/：n. 维护，保持 maintain vt. 维持，维修the computer seat booking service system: 网上售票服务系统show：表现“秀”：天桥秀，服装表演 models show clothes on the stage, performance of models as a show of: 作为……的表现negotiation: 商议，谈判 negotiate v. （与某人）商议，谈判，磋商on its entry into: enter into 进入，参加，成为……一部分enter可作及物和不及物动词，即进入的意思。
enter into 是进入什么状态，着手做某事的意思e.g.: Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段著手处理具体问题。
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
WTO: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织with regard to = with reference to adv. 关于常用的：regard A as B 把A视为Bregrards: Good wishes expressing such sentiment. 问候：表达这类感情的美好祝愿。
国贸名词解释
国贸名词解释1.共同海损:指在同一海上航程中，船舶、货物或其他财产遭遇共同危险，为了共同安全，有意地合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊牺牲、支付的特殊费用。
2.W/W Clause:仓至仓条款，即保险公司的保险责任，自被保险货物运离保险单所载明的起运地仓库或储存处所开始运输时生效，直到货物到达保险单所载明的目的地收货人的最后仓库或储存处所或被保险人用作分配、分派或非正常运输的其他储存处所为止。
3.D/D:（remittance by banker’s demand draft）票汇，是指汇出行应汇款人申请，开立以其代理行或其他往来银行为付款人的银行即期汇票，列明收款人名称、金额等，交由汇款人自行寄交给收款人，凭票向付款行取款的一种汇付方式。
3.已装船提单:（on board B/L;shipped B/L）是指承运人在货物已经装到指定船舶后所签发的提单。
4.D/A:（documents against acceptance）承兑交单，指出口人的交单以进口人的承兑为条件。
5.象征性交货:(Symbolic Delivery)是指在买卖双方不直接接触的情况下，卖方按合同规定的时间和地点将货物装上运输工具或交付承运人后，并向买方提供包括物权证书在内的有关单证，凭承运人签发的运输单据及其他商业单据履行交货义务，而无须保证到货。
6.（假）远期信用证:（time L/C;usance L/C）是指开证行或其他指定的付款行在收到符合信用证条款的汇票及/或单据后，在规定的期限内保证付款的信用证。
7.溢短装条款:(More or Less Clause)是的数量机动幅度条款。
为了使交货数量具有一定范围的灵活性和便于履行合同，买卖双方可在合同中合理规定数量机动幅度。
8.不可抗力:不可抗力是一项免责条款，是指买卖合同签订后，不是由于合同当事人的过失或疏忽，而是由于发生了合同当事人无法预见、无法预防、无法避免和无法控制的事件，以致不能履行或不能如期履行合同，发生意外事件的一方可以免除履行合同的责任或者推迟履行合同。
国贸术语英汉对译
一、贸易术语与国际贸易惯例《1932年华沙——牛津规则》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932）《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》（Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941）《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》（INCOTERMS 2000)EXW（Ex Works)FCA (Free Carrier)FAS (Free Alongside Ship)FOB (Free on Board)CFR (Cost and Freight)CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)CPT (Carriage Paid To)CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To)DAF (Delivered At Frontier)DES (Delivered Ex Ship)DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)象征性交货Symbolic Delivery实际交货Physical DeliveryFOB Liner Terms FOB班轮条件FOB Under Tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB Stowed FOB 理舱费在内FOB Trimmed FOB 平舱费在内CFR Liner Terms CFR 班轮条件CFR Landed CFR 卸至码头CFR Ex Tackle CFR吊钩下交接CFR Ex Ship'S Hold CFR 舱底交接Shipping contract 装运合同Arrival contract 到达合同二、合同的主体和标的Sale by Sample 凭样品买卖Seller’s sampleBuyer’s sampleCounter Sample 对等样品For Reference Only 仅供参考Fair Average Quality (FAQ) 良好平均品质Selected 精选货Name of Origin 产地名称The Metric System 公制The British System 美制The International System of Units （SI）国际单位制Gross Weight 毛重Net Weight 净重Gross for Net 以毛作净In Bulk 散装Nude Pack 裸装Shipping mark 运输标志Indicative mark 指示性标志Warning mark 警示性标志三、国际货物运输Liner Transport 班轮运输Shipping by Chartering 租船运输Sailing Schedule 船期表Liner's Freight Tariff 班轮运价表V oyage Charter 定程租船Time Charter 定期租船Free Out (FO) 负担装货费而不管卸货费Free In (FI) 只负担卸货费而不管装货费Free In and Out (FIO) 不负担装卸费Time of Shipment 装运期Time of Delivery 交货期immediate shipment 立即装运prompt shipment 即期装运shipment as soon as possible 尽快装运Transhipment 转运Demurrage 滞期费Despatch Money 速遣费to load/discharge in customary quick dispatch (CQD) 按港口习惯速度尽快装卸Terminal Handling Charge (THC) 码头作业费Overland Common Points (OCP) “内陆地区”Ocean Bill of Lading （B/L）海运提单on Board B/L，Shipped B/L 已装船提单Received for Shipment B/L 备用提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Unclean B/L, Foul B/L 不清洁提单Straight B/L 记名提名Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Direct B/L 直达提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Charter Party B/L 租船提单Container B/L 集装箱提单Combined Transport B/L (CTB/L) 集装箱联运提单Multimodal Transport Document (MTD) 多式联运单据on Deck B/L 舱面提单Stale B/L 过期提单Stale B/L is acceptable 过期可接受提单Sea Waybill 海运单Non-negotiable Sea Waybill 可转让海运单Cargo Receipt 承运货物收据Air Waybill 航空运单Master Air Waybill 主运单House Air Waybill 分运单Parcel Post Receipt 邮件收据Certificate of Posting 邮寄证明Courier Receipt 专递收据四、国际货物运输保险Total Loss 全部损失Partial Loss 部分损失Actual Total Loss 实际全损Constructive Total Loss 推定全损Particular Average, PA 单独海损General Averages, GA 共同海损China Insurance Clauses, CIC 中国保险条款Free from Particular Average, FPA 平安险With Average or With Particular Average, W A or WPA 水渍险All Risks 一切险Warehouse to Warehouse Clause 仓至仓Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC 协会货物保险条款Institute Cargo Clauses（A/B/C）, ICC(A/B/C) 协会货物条款(A/B/C) Institute War Clauses—Cargo 协会战争险条款（货物）Institute Strikes Clauses—Cargo 协会罢工险条款（货物）Malicious Damage Clauses 恶意损害险条款Overland Transportation Risks 陆运险Overland Transportation All Risks 陆运一切险Overland Transportation Insurance (Frozen Products) 陆上运输冷藏货物险Overland Transportation Cargo War Risks 陆上运输货物战争险Air Transportation Risks 航空运输险Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险Parcel Post Risks 邮包险Parcel Post All Risks 邮包一切险Parcel Post War Risks 邮包战争险五、进口商品的价格Price Adjustment (Revision) Clause 价格调整条款Initial Price 初步价格Money of Account 计价货币Money of Payment 支付货币Commission 佣金Discount Allowance 折扣Net Price 净价Quantity Discount 数量折扣Special Discount 特别折扣Turnover Bonus 年中回扣六、国际货款的收付Bill of Exchange, Draft 汇票Promissory Note 本票Cheque, Check 支票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Draft 商业汇票Clean Bill 光票Documentary Bill 跟单汇票Sight Draft, Demand Draft 即期汇票Time Bill, Usance Bill 远期汇票Dishonour by Non-acceptance 拒绝承兑Dishonour by Non-payment 拒绝付款Notary Public 法定公证人Without Recourse 不受追索Remittance 汇付Collection 托收Mail Transfer (M/T) 信汇Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇Remittance by Banker's Demand draft (D/D) 票汇M/T Advice 信汇委托书Payment Order 支付通知书Principal 委托人Remitting Bank 托收银行Collecting Bank 代收银行Presenting Bank 提示银行Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单Documents against Payment at Sight，简称D/P at sight 即期付款交单Documents against Payment after Sight, 简称D/P after Sight 远期付款交单Trust Receipt 信托收据Documents against Acceptance, 简称D/A 承兑交单Applicant 开证申请人Opening bank; issuing bank 开证行Beneficiary 受益人Advising bank 通知行Negotiation 议付行Confirming bank 保兑行Reimbursement bank 偿付行Transferee 受让人Irrevocable credit 不克撤销信用证Payment credit 付款信用证Sight payment credit 即期付款信用证Deferred payment credit 延期付款信用证Acceptance credit 承兑信用证Confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证Unconfirmed letter of credit 非保兑信用证Negotiation credit 议付信用证Transferable credit 可转让信用证Revolving credit 循环信用证Anticipatory credit 预支信用证Back to back credit 背对背信用证Reciprocal credit 对开信用证Letter of guarantee，L/G 银行开具保函Standby letter credit 备用信用证Conditional，L/G 有条件保函Demand guarantee 见索即付保函Uniform rules for demand guarantee ，URDG 《见索即付保函统一规则》International standby practice, ISP 98 《国际备用证惯例》Shipping weight and landed quality 离岸重量、到岸品质Offer 发盘Acceptance 接受Bid 递盘Specific person 特定的人Sufficiently definite 十分确定Withdraw 撤回Revocation 撤销Late acceptance 逾期接受Consideration 对价Cause 约因Contract 合同Confirmation 确认书Agreement 协议书Sales contract 销售合同Purchase contract 购买合同Sales confirmation 售货确认书Purchase confirmation 购买确认书Booking note，B/N 托运单Shipping order，S/O 装货单Mate’s receipt 收货单Invoice 发票commercial invoice 商业发票customs invoice 海关发票consular invoice 领事发票manufacturer’s invoice 厂商发票original B/L 正本提单copy B/L 副本提单packing list 装箱单weight memo 重量单claim 索赔distribution 经销distributor 经销商sole distribution 独家经销exclusive 报销principal to principal 货主对货主agency 代理agent 代理人broker 保险经理人general agent 总代理agent 一般代理Commission agent 佣金代理Sole agent or exclusive agent 独家代理Consignment 寄售Consignor 寄售人Consignee 代销人Fairs and sales 展卖Invitation to tender 招标Submission of tender 投标Auction 拍卖Dutch auction 荷兰式拍卖Sealed bids 密封递加拍卖Counter trade 对销贸易Barter 易货Counter purchase 互购Buyback 回购Switch trade 转手贸易Offset 抵消Pure barter 纯粹易货Simple barter 简单易货Triangular trade 三角贸易。
国贸术语
acceptance 承兑actual total loss 实际全损ad valorem 从价运费additional 附属费advanced B/L 预签提单air transportation 空运air waybill 空运单ante-dated B/L 倒签提单anticipatory credit 预支信用证back-to-back credit 背对背信用证basic freight 基本运费beneficiary 受益人bill of exchange 汇票charter party 租船契约charter transportation 租船运输 charter(tramp) 不定期货船check 支票claimant 索赔人clean B/L 清洁提单clean bill 光票clean collection 光票托收clean credit 光票信用证combined certificate 联合凭证confirmed L/C 保兑信用证constructive total loss 推定全损containerization 集装箱运输contribution 分摊deferred payment 延期付款demurrage 滞期费discount 折扣，贴现documentary bill 跟单汇票documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证 endorsement 背书exclusions 除外责任external risks 外来风险extraneous risks 外来风险factoring 保理业务forfeiting 包买票据fortuitous accidents 意外事故franchise 免赔率freight rates 运费率freight ton 运费吨general average 共同海损general risks 一般外来风险indemnity 赔偿insurable interest 可保利益insurance certificate 保险凭证insurance claim 保险索赔insurance cover(age) 保险险别insurance policy 保险单insurance premium 保险费insurance rate 保险费率irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证lay day 装卸天数liner/gross terms 班轮条件liners transportation 班轮运输measurement ton 尺码吨natural calamity 自然灾害open policy 预约保单optional port 选择港order B/L 指示提单partial loss 部分损失partial shipments 分批装运particular average 单独海损paying instrument 支付工具payment by installments 分期付款payment in advance 预付payment term 支付方式perils of the sea 海上风险port of destination 目的港port of shipment 装运港presentation 提示presenting bank 代收行promissory note 本票proximate cause 近因原则rail(way) transportation 铁路运输 reciprocal credit 对开信用证red clause credit 红条款信用证remittance 汇付revocable L/C 可撤销信用证revolving credit 循环信用证road transportation 公路运输sea transportation 海运sea waybill 海运单sight draft 即期汇票sight L/C即期信用证special risks 特殊外来风险stale B/L 过期提单standby L/C 备用信用证straight B/L 记名提单subject matter 保险标的subrogation 代位求偿权sum insured 保险金额surcharge 附加费tenor 汇票期限the insured/insurant 被保险人the insurer 承保人，保险公司time charter 期租船time of delivery 交货期time/usance draft 远期汇票total loss 全部损失transferable L/C 可转让信用证transshipment 转船underwriter 承保人unexpected accidents 意外事故utmost good faith 最大诚信原则voyage charter 程租船weight ton 重量吨CFS (Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站CIC (China Insurance Clauses) 中国保险条例CP (Charter Party) 租船契约CY (Container Yard) 集装箱堆场D/A (documents against acceptance) 承兑交单D/D (demand draft) 即期汇票D/P (documents against payment) 付款交单DR to DR (Door to Door) 门到门运输F. I. (Free In) 船方管卸不管装F. I. O. (Free In and Out) 船方不管装卸F. I. O. S. T. (Free In and Out, Stowed ＆ Trimmed) 船方不管装卸，理舱和平舱F. O. (Free Out) 船方管装不管卸FCI (Factors Chain International) 国际保理联合会FCL (Full Container Load) 整装箱FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安险GA (General Contribution) 共同分摊ICC (Institute Cargo Clause) 协会货物运输保险条款IMT (International Multimodal Transportation) 国际多式联运IOP (irrespective of percentage) 不计免赔率L/C (letter of credit) 信用证L/G (letter of guarantee) 保函LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼装箱M (Measurement) 尺码M/T (mail transfer) 信汇MTO (Multimodal Transportation Operator) 多式联运经营人PICC (the People’s Insurance Company of China) 中国人民保险公司SRCC (strikes, riots and civil commotions) 罢工，暴动，民变脸T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇TPND (theft, pilferage and non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险UCP 600 (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit 600) 跟单信用证统一惯例 600URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collection 522) 托收统一规则W (Weight) 重量W/W Clause (Warehouse to Warehouse Clause) 仓至仓条款WPA (With Particular Average) 水渍险。
国贸
国贸是国际贸易的简称（International Trade），指不同国家（和/或地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。
国际贸易也叫世界贸易。
国际贸易由进口贸易和出口贸易两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。
同时还有北京“国贸商城”和中国国际贸易中心的意思。
国际贸易（International Trade）是指不同国家（和/或地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
上海在逐渐成为国际贸易中心国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。
国际贸易也叫世界贸易。
国际贸易由进口贸易（Import Trade）和出口贸易(Export Trade)两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。
从一个国家的角度看国际贸易就是对外贸易（Foreign Trade）。
国际经济与贸易是运用国际经济学中的贸易理论和分析方法，研究国际贸易发生的原因、国际贸易政策、国际贸易实务以及国际贸易与经济发展关系的一门学科。
产生条件国际贸易是在一定的历史条件下产生和发展起来的。
形成国际贸易的两个基本条件是：（1）社会生产力的发展；（2）国家的形成。
社会生产力的发展产生出用于交换的剩余商品，这些剩余商品在国与国之间交换，就产生了国际贸易。
产生原因1、生产力的进步，分工细化，导致生产效率的极大提高，在满足本国之后有剩余出口；2、科技不断进步，包括交通运输、冷冻技术、重型货轮等，为长途贸易提供必要条件；3、两次世界大战打破了原有的殖民体系，成立了联合国和WTO，为各国自由竞争创造了条件；4、人类思想的不断进步，包括经济学说和人权学说等。
发展1、从形式上，工业革命时期的国际贸易以直接出口货物为主，而二战后直接在外国投资成主流；2、从内容上，工业革命时期的国际贸易具有偶尔、单纯、片面的劳务输出或商品输出，贸易涉及的商品大都是工业成品和初级原料。
二战后，国际贸易形式多样、商品层次丰富，涵盖三大产业；3、从组织上，工业革命时期缺乏国际贸易组织，出口大都业余偶然，很少有专门从事贸易转换的公司，分工不细。
国贸翻译
DOOR TO DOOR 门到门DOOR TO CY 门到场DOOR TO CFS 门到站CY TO DOOR（CY-DOOR) 场到门CY TO CY (CY/CY)场到场CY TO CFS 场到站CFS TO DOOR 站到门CFS TO CY 站到场CFS TO CFS 站到站集装箱的交接方式:FCL/FCL-整箱交，整箱接LCL/LCL-拼箱交，拆箱接FCL/LCL-整箱交，拆箱接LCL/FCL-拼箱交，整箱接F.I.(free in)：船方负担卸货费，而不负担装货费。
F.O.(free out)：船方负担装货费，而不负担卸货费。
F.I.O.(free in and out)：船方既不负担装货费，也不负担卸货费F.I.O.S.T. (free in and out stowed and trimmed) 船方不管装卸、理舱和平舱。
LINER TERMS；GROSS TERMS；BERTH TERM S 称为班轮条件。
船方负担装货费和卸货费，并将其包括在程租船运费内。
程租船合同中装卸费规定近期装运：“立即装运”(immediate shipment),”迅速装运“(prompt shipment)，”尽快装运“(shipment as soon as possible)(1) 规定某月装运Time of Shipment：in October,2009.装运时间：2009十月。
(2)规定跨越装运Time of Shipment：during Oct./Nov./Dec.2009装运时间：2009年10/11/12月期间(3) 规定在某月月底或某日前装运Time of Shipment：before the end of November of 2009.在2009年十一月底前Time of Shipment：not later than the end of Dec．2009.不迟于2009年12月底Time of Shipment：Shipment on or before Dec.15th 2009 在2009年12月15号或之前装运(4)规定在收到信用证后若干天装运Time of Shipment: within 45 days after receipt of L/C.在收到信用证的45天内装运The Buyers must open the relative L/C to reach the Sellers before June 15th.6月15日之前买家必须开立有关信用证明给卖方（5）收到信汇、票汇或电汇后若干天装运。
国贸翻译(中英文互译)
bor productivity劳动生产率2.production-possibility curve(ppc)生产可能性边界3.absolute advantage绝对优势comparative advantage比较优势4.principle of comparative advantage比较优势原则：(A country will export the goods and services that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and import the goods and services that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost. )5.opportunity cost机会成本(the value of other goods and services that are not produced because resources are instead used to produce this product.)increasing marginal cost 递增边际成本6.Constant Marginal Cost: 边际成本不变7.( community)indifference curve (社会)无差异曲线8. labor-intensive劳动密集型的9.terms of trade贸易条件:(the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity)10.Zero-sum game 零和竞争Positive-sum game合作博弈11. Factor-endowment生产要素Factor-proportions要素比例12.Export-oriented 、import-competing sector出、进口导向部门13.economic growth经济增长balanced growth平衡增长biased growth 偏颇增长immiserizing growth悲惨性增长14. product cycle hypothesis 产品生命周期理论The five stages: 五个阶段The introduction of the product；Expansion of production for export ；Standardization and beginning of production abroad through imitation ；Foreign imitators underselling the nation in third markets ；Foreigners underselling the innovating firms in their home market as well.15.Dutch disease荷兰病Alternative Theories of Trade贸易的替代理论16.Monopolistic competition垄断竞争Global oligopoly全球寡头垄断17.Constant returns to scale规模报酬不变Internal scale economies内部规模经济External scale economies外部规模经济18.Intra-industry Trade产业内部贸易(two way trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or very similar products) Inter-industry trade产业间贸易(a country exports some products in trade for imports of others quite different products)19.Small country (price-taker)小国Large country (price-setter)大国20.Tariff关税: （a tax on importing a good or service into a country customs）countervailing duties（反补贴税）anti-dumping duties（反倾销税）Specific tariff(从量税) Ad Valorem tariff (从价税) Compound tariff (复合税) Alternative duties (选择税）Monopsony power买方垄断势力The Nationally Optimal T ariff全国最优关税21.consumption effect消费效应production effect生产效应22.Nontariff barriers (NTBS)非关税壁垒Import Quota (Quota) 进口配额import-license auction进口许可证拍卖resource-using application procedures使用资源的应用程序Resource-using procedures资源使用的过程Voluntary Export Restraints （VER）(自愿出口限制) TBT( technical barrierto trade) (技术性贸易壁垒)23.Domestic Content Requirements国内成分要求Mixing requirements混合要求Net loss净损失ernment procurement政府采购业务fixed favoritism固定偏袒25.Market failure市场失灵Government failure政府失灵26.The infant industry幼稚产业spillover effect 溢出效应27.Predatory dumping掠夺性倾销（恶性倾销）Cyclical dumping周期性倾销Seasonal dumping季节性倾销: sell off excess inventories of a product 28.Antidumping duty反倾销税(discrepancy不符)Export Subsidy出口补贴Government subsidize exports政府补贴出口Countervailing duty反补贴税Strategic export subsidy战略性出口补贴Game theory.博弈理论29.price discrimination价格歧视30.Trade Blocs贸易集团: each member country can import from other member countries freely, or at least cheaply, while imposing barriers against imports from outside countries.31. Trade embargoes贸易禁运: some countries discriminate completely against certain other countries, for a policy dispute. Block exports to or imports from, even block both exports and imports.32.Free-trade area自由贸易区: members remove trade barriers among themselves but keep their separate national barriers against trade with the outside world. (NAFTA北美自由贸易区)33.Customs Union关税联盟: members remove all barriers to trade amongthemselves and also adopt a common set of external barriers. (EEC,欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community 1957-1992)34. Preferential Trade Arrangement优惠贸易协定: provide lower barriers on trade among participating nations on trade than with nonmember nations35. Common Market共同市场: members allow full freedom of factor flows (migration of labor and capital) among themselves in additional to having a customs union. (EC欧共体（European Community)36.Most favored nation principle( MFN最惠国): any concession given to any foreign nation must be given to all nations having MFN status 37.Trade creation贸易创造: net volume of new trade created by forming the trade bloc. Increase the welfare of the country because it shifts productions from less efficient domestic producers to the more efficient producers inside union.38.Trade diversion贸易转向: the volume of trade diverted from low-cost outside exporters to higher-cost bloc-partner exporters. Reduce the welfare of the country. ASEAN东南亚国家联盟APEC亚太经贸合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation39.H—O model: a nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and deep factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scare and expensive factor.。
国际贸易英语课后翻译
1(1) International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and proceeds between the buyer and the seller across countries’boundaries.(2) Several different models are proposed to predict the trade patterns and analyze the impact of trade policies.(3) The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant.(4) Protective tariff is used to prevent foreign business from shipping certain commodities to domestic market.(5) In order to avoid unnecessary trade failure, we must be familiar with the unique problems of international trade.2(1) Negotiation is the process of back-and-forth communication aimed at reaching an agreement.(2) One may conceive of the four cultural elements mentioned above as forming a series of concentric circle, like the layers of an onion.(3) Many of the most frequently overlooked sources of value in negotiation arise from differences among the parties.(4) Differences in cost or revenue structure, tax status, or regulatory arrangements between two parties can be converted into gains for both.(5) Apart from adopting the other side's culture to adjust to the situation and environment, we can also try to persuade the other side to use elements of our own culture.3(1) Duty could be abated or exempted on damaged cargo only after the Customs examination.(2) The release of animals or plants products should be in accordance with the inspection certificate issued by authorities concerned.(3) The Customs implement the regulations to prevent and counter smuggling activities.(4) The supervision and control of cargo and the means of its conveyance is one of the main tasks of Chinese Customs.(5) The Customs establishments exercise their functions and powers independently in accordance with the law, and are responsible to the Customs General Administration.4(1) In order to build the market picture, the exporter has to gather a great variety of information for his decision making.(2) If the seller fails to fulfill its obligation stipulated in the contract, the buyer is entitled to lodgea claim.(3) The seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned goods on terms and conditions stipulated in the contract.(4) In business law, an acceptance is the assent to the terms of an offer, required before a contract can be valid.(5) A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, that is binding, legally enforceableagreement between two or more competent parties.7(1) A Draft involves three parties: drawer, drawee and payee. The contents of a draft must be in conformity with the contract.(2) Documentary credit is the product of international business and the creation of merchants and bankers.(3) In the case of transferable L/C, the beneficiary authorized the advising bank or negotiating bank to transfer the right of issuing a draft for the total amount to another person.(4) As the special needs and desires of sellers and buyers may differ, there are several factors which play a role in the exact type of credit that may be suitable for a particular transaction.9(1)In return for a payment known as a premium paid by the insured, the insurer will agree to compensate the insured person in the event of losses during the period of insurance.(2) Insurance is a process for spreading risks so that the burden of any loss is borne not by the unfortunate individual directly affected but by the total body of persons under consideration. (3) In marine or ocean cargo transportation insurance, risks can be divided into two categories, i.e. general perils of the sea and extraneous risks.(4) All additional risks can not be covered independently because they should be underwritten depending on one of the basic risks.(5) When the consignor asks the insurer to cover the constructive total loss, he must present the insurer a notice of abandonment.13(1) Exporters should attach great importance to documentation and make sure all documents meet all requirements in order to ensure the smoothness and success of international transactions.(2) Considering the significance of documentation, it is a must for the exporter to present documents correctly and completely.(3) Commercial invoices are usually required by all relevant parties involved in the transaction such as buyers, the paying bank, sellers and their bank, customs authorities in the exporting and importing countries, carriers and their agents at the port of shipment and discharge.(4) Export commodity inspection application is one of the essential domestic documents for the export of many commodities in China.(5) The seller should fill out a customs declaration, which will be submitted to the Customs or relative authorized institutions.。
国贸翻译
Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeTrade Surplus 贸易顺差National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会Export Tax Rebates 出口退税Export Taxes 出口关税Export-driven Economic Growth 出口导向型经济增长Excess Liquidity 流动性过剩Trade Frictions 贸易摩擦International Trade 国际贸易World Trade 世界贸易Foreign Trade 对外贸易Overseas Trade 海外贸易Trade in Goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Self-sufficient 自给自足Economic Resources 经济资源Barter 物物交换，以货易货，实物交易，易货贸易Visible Trade 有形贸易Invisible Trade 无形贸易Transportation 运输Insurance 保险Tourism 旅游业Balance of Trade 贸易差额A Favoable Balance of Trade 贸易顺差Trade Surplus 贸易顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Trade 贸易逆差Trade Deficit 贸易逆差Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额A Favoable Balance of Payments 国际收支顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Foeign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade PolicyProtectionism 贸易保护主义Free Trade 自由贸易The National Interest 国家利益Doha Trade Talks 多哈贸易谈判Acquisitions 购并Trade Barriers 贸易壁垒Infant Industries 幼稚产业Tariffs 关税Subsidies 补贴Quantitative Restictions 数量限制Encouragements 鼓励Import Tariff 进口关税Non-tariff Barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒Export Taxes 出口关税Export Subsidies 出口补贴Potective Tariffs 保护性关税Revenue Tariff 财政关税Specific Duties 从量税Ad Valorem Duties 从价税Compound Duties 复合税Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States（HTS）美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System 商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization 世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Import Quota 进口配额Binding QuotaNon-bingding QuotaZero QuotaAbsolute Quotas 绝对配额Tariff-rate Quotas 关税配额Voluntary Export Restaint（VER）自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Market Failures 市场失灵Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Red-tape BarriersDomestic Supply 国内供给Domestic Demand 国内需求Floor Price 最低限价Shortfall of Supply 供应短缺Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockAsia-Pacific Economic Co-peration Organization （APEC）亚太经合组织Hanoi 河内（越南首都）Stalemate 僵局Open Regionalism 开放的区域主义Trade Liberalisation 贸易自由化Most Favoured Nation 最惠国Multilateralism 多边贸易Doha Round 多哈回合Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific（FTAAP）亚太自由贸易协定Free Trade Area 自由贸易区Preferential Trade Agreements（PTAs）特殊优惠贸易协议Bilateral Free Trade Agreements 双边自由贸易协定Disciminatory Tariffs 歧视性关税Tariff Rates 关税税率Trade Discrimination 贸易歧视Trade Bloc 贸易集团Trade Block 贸易禁运EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易协定，北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR（Mecado Comun del Cono Sur）南方共同市场SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area（AFTA）东盟自由贸易区Customs Union 关税同盟EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体Economic Union 经济同盟，经济联盟Trade Embagoes 贸易禁运Economic Sanctions 经济制裁United Nations 联合国Stamp Act 印花税法案Townshend Acts 汤森条例Trade Elastictity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation GuideFranchises 特许经营World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合General Agreement on Tariffs and Trae（GATT）关税与贸易总协定Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议The World Bank 世界银行International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议The General Council 常务理事会The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构Goods Council 货物贸易理事会Services Council 服务贸易理事会TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处Sustainable Development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权Contracting Parties 缔约国Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇National Treatment 国民待遇Transparency 透明度Access to Markets 市场准入Navigation Guide 导航General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）服务贸易总协定TRIMS 与贸易有关的投资措施Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QualityCommodity 商品、货物Manufactured Goods 工业制成品Name of Commodity 货物的品名Description of Goods 货物的名称，货物的描述Quality of Commodity 货物的品质Sample 样品Repesentative Sample 代表性样品Oiginal Sample 原样Type Sample 标准样品Referance Sample 参考样品Duplicate Sample 复样Sale by Sell’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖（销售）Sale by buyer’s Sample 凭买方样品买卖（销售）Return Sample 回样Counter Sample 对等样品Sealed Sample 封样The Parties to the Contract 合同的当事人Quality to be about equal to the Sample 品质与样品大致相同Specifications 规格Grade 等级Standard 标准Fair Average Quality（F.A.Q.）良好平均品质Good Merchantable Quality（G.M.Q.）上好可销品质Brand 品牌Trademark 商标Description，Drawing and Diagram 说明书，图纸和技术协议书等Quality Tolerance 品质公差Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QuantityQuantity of Commodity 货物的数量Unit of Measurement 计量单位The Metric System 公制The British System 英制The U.S. System 美制Numbers 个数Weight 重量Length 长度Area 面积Volume 体积Capacity 容积International Measurement Conference 国际测量会议International System of Units（SI）国际单位制Gross Weight 毛重Net Weight 净重Gross for net 以毛作净Conditioned Weight 公量Theoretical Weight 理论重量More of Less Clause 溢短装条款Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——PackingPaking 包装Nude Cargo 裸装货Cargo in Bulk 散装货Outer Packing 外包装Baling 打包Hogsheads 美国橡木桶Inner Packing 内包装Pallet 托盘Shipping Mark 运输标志（唛头）Additional Mark 附属性标志Indicative Mark 指示性标志Warning Mark 警告性标志Neutral Packing 中性包装Neutral Packing with Designated Brand 定牌中性包装Neutral Packing without Designated Brand 无牌中性包装Chapter 6 International Trade TermsL/C Issuing Date 信用证的开证日期Partial Shipment 分批装运Transshipment 转运Shipment 装运Terms of Payment 支付条件Draft 汇票Liner 班轮Trade Terms，Price Terms，Delivery Terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙——牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised Ameican Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会Carrier 承运人Frontier 边境Clear 清关Value added tax（VAT）增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会Ship’s Rail 船舷Quay 码头Multi-modal Transport 多式联运Trim 平舱Stow 理舱EXW 工厂交货FCA 货交承运人FOB 装运港船上交货FAS 货交船边CFR 成本加运费CIF 成本加保险费加运费CPT 运费付至CIP 运费、保险费付至DAF 边境交货DES 目的港船上交货DEQ 目的港码头交货DDU 未完税交货DDP 完税后交货。
国贸专业术语
装运港交货的3种贸易术语：FOB-free on board(d part of shipment)装运港船上交货：是指货物在制定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货。
CFR-cost freight(…named port of destination)成本加运费（…指定目的港），也称为运费在内价。
是指卖方必须负担货物运至约定目的港所需的成本和运费。
CIF-cost insurance and freight (named port of destination )成本、保险费加运费(……指定目的港)，是指货物在装运港越过船舷时卖方即完成交货。
交货承运人的3种贸易术语：FCA-free carrier(…named place)货交承运人（……..指定地点），是指卖方在规定的时间、地点将货物交给买方指定的承运人，并办理出口清关手续，完成交货义务。
CPT-carriage paid to(…named place of destination )运费付至（…….指定目的港），是指卖方向其指定的承运人交货，并支付运费、办理出口清关手续。
CIP-carriage insurance paid to(…named place of destination)运费、保险费付至(…..指定目的地)，是指卖方向其指定的承运人交货，付至货物到目的地的运费，办理货物在途中的保险并支付保险费，承办出口清关手续。
《2000年通则》中的其他术语EXW-ex works (….named place) 工厂交货（…..指定地点），是指卖方在其所在处所（工厂、工场、创库等）将货物提供给买方时，即履行了交货义务。
FAS-free alongside ship (…named port of shipment) 船边交货（…….指定装运港），是指卖方在指定的装运港将货物交到船边，即将完成交货。
DAF-Delivered at frontier (….named place ) 边境交货（……..指定地点），是指卖方在边境的指定家伙地点，将办妥货物出口清关手续的货物交给买方处置，即完成交货。
国贸考试范围（非官方版答案）
国贸考试范围（非官方版答案）复习题1. 术语翻译counter sample对等样品representative sample代表性样品trade terms贸易术语neutral packing中性包装shipping mark运输标志more or less clause溢短装条款product code物品条码标志sales by samples凭样品买卖collection托收remittance汇付blank B/L不记名提单ante-dated B/L倒签提单gross for net以毛作净net weight净重air waybill空运单straight B/L记名提单freight prepaid 运费预付freight collect运费到付order B/L提示提单clean on board B/L清洁已装船提单sight L/C即期信用证time L/C远期信用证draft/bill of exchange汇票documentary credit跟单信用证letter of guarantee保函firm offer实盘non-firm offer虚盘promissory note本票shipping documents货运单据force majeure不可抗力general average共同海损general additional risks一般附加险basic risk coverage基本险special additional risks特殊附加险insurance premium保险费insurance policy保险单open policy预约保险单particular average单独海损factoring保理forfeiting福费廷discount折扣commission佣金symbolic delivery象征性交货physical delivery实物交货customs clearance清关W/W Clause仓至仓条款INCOTERMS2010 2010年国际贸易术语通则UCP600 跟单信用证统一惯例600号CISG 联合国国际货物销售合同公约SWIFT 环球银行金融电讯协会T/T 电汇M/T 信汇D/D 票汇D/P 付款交单D/A 承兑交单L/C 信用证OEM 原始设备制造商F.A.Q. 良好平均品质G.M.Q 上好可销品质FOB装运港船上交货CFR成本加运费CIF 成本、保险费加运费FCA货交承运人CPT 运费付至CIP 运费、保险费付至A.R.一切险W.A.水渍险 F.P.A.平安险T.P.N.D偷窃、提货不着险 C.I.C. 中国保险条款I.C.C.国际商会AWB航空运单4. 简答题1) How many stages does a business negotiation usually undergo? Which areindispensable stages for the formation of a sales contract? Why?There're five stages: enquiry, offer, counter-offer, acceptance, conclusion of a contract.Offer and acceptance are indispensable stages, because they're required for the formation ofa sales contract.2)What is a firm offer and what is non-firm offer?In a firm offer, the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under the firm offer, the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer. The non-firm offer is unclear, incomplete and with reservation. It's not binding on the offeror.3)Can you tell briefly the requisite conditions that a firm offer must satisfy?It must be sent to one or more specific persons.The contents of the offer must be definite, that is , the conditions given must be complete, clear and final. A firm offer should include at least three specific conditions: the name, the quantity and the price of the commodity.It must indicate that once it has been unconditionally accepted by the offered within the validity, the offer is binding onboth parties.It takes effect only after the offer reaches the offeree. It's always necessary to state the specific time zone when specifying the time of arrival.4)What methods are commonly used to express the quality of goods?Sale by actual quality: sales by inspection, sales by samples Sale by description: sales by specification/ grade/ standard/ brand-name/ description/ place of origin.5)How can we ensure quantity in international sale of goods?The quantity clause and the way of calculating the weight should be c learly indicated. The measurement unit should be consistent. Expressions like "about" and "approximately" are usually not allowed. However, the actual quantity of goods tends to be hardly in conformity with that stipulated in the contract due to influence of natural conditions, lim itations of packing or transportation conditions. Thus more or less clause or an approximate quantity clause is adopted to allow a reasonable quantity flexible range.6)How many methods are commonly used to calculate weight?By gross weight, net weight, conditioned weight, theoretical weight, legal weight, net net weight.7)What is a more or less clause? Why do we need to stipulate this clause in the contract？Owing to the influence of natural conditions, limitations of packing or transportation conditions, the actual quantity of goods tends to be hardly in conformity with that stipulated in the contract. In order to avoid disputes in the settlement of contract, both parties should decide the delivery quantity reasonably andflexibly beforehand by setting a more or less clause(also called a plus or minus clause). It consists of three parts: the quantity of the deal+the measurement unit+ a more or less clause.For example: Dehydrated Garlic Flakes, 300 M/T with 5% more or less at seller's option.This is used because quite often the shipment is over-delivered or under-delivered, especially for trading of bulk goods.8)How is the price determined for the shipment over-delivered orunder-delivered？Under the more or less clause, the payment for the over-delivered or under-delivered will be effected according to the contract price or at the market price at the time of shipment.9)What should a standardized form of shipping mark suggested by ISO contain?Please design a shipping mark accordingly.Abbreviation of consignee or buyer; reference number, it can be the number of sales confirmation, order or letter of credit; port of destination; package number.ABCS/C NO. 200808080HAMBURGNOS. 1-20010)What is neutral packing and what are the two ways of neutral packingcommonly used in international trade?Neutral packing is the packing that does not show the name and address of the manufacturer, the origin of country, the trademark and brand.Neutral packing is divided into neutral packing withoutdesignated brand(无牌中性包装) and neutral packing with designated brand(定牌中性包装）. The former one is applied, neither brand and/or trade mark nor the country of origin is marked on the product and /or packages. While using the latter one, the brand and/or trade mark designated by the buyer are marked on theproduct and /or package, but the country of origin is not indicated.11)What is the meaning of Incoterms? What is the significance of usingIncoterms?Incoterms are a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of international commerc ial terms defining the costs, risks and the obligations of buyers and sellers in international transactions. Devised and published by the International Chamber of Commerce, they are at the heart of world trade.Using Incoterms, the misunderstanding aroused in cross-border transactions will be lessened.12)What are the differences between FOB and CFR? P89、P95FOB: the buyer bears all costs, freight and risks of loss or damage to the good when the goods passed the ship's rail.CFR: the seller pays the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, while the risks of loss or damage as well as the additional costs due to event occurring after the time of delivery are transferred from the seller to the buyer.Besides, the buyer charters the ship and books the shipping space under FOB, while under CFR, it's the seller's duty.13)What are the major types of basic risks coverage andadditional riskscoverage?Basic risks coverage: FPA(Free from Particular A verage), WPA(With Particular A verage), AR(All Risks)Additional risks coverage: General Additional Risks, Special Additional Risks14)What is W/W Clause?The commencement and termination of basic insurance are usually stipulated by adopting the customary Warehouse to Warehouse Clause, W/W.By the W/W clause, the liability of the insurer is extended to cover pre-shipment and post-shipment risk. The insured goods are covered from the time when they leave the warehouse at the place named in the policy for the commencement of the transit and continue to be covered until they are delivered to the final warehouse at the destination named in the policy, but the policy provides an overriding time limit of 60 days after the completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final fort of discharge. On the expiration of that time limit of 60 days the cover ceases to protect the goods even though they have not reached the final warehouse.15)What are the main functions of B/L?A receipt of the goods(货物收据); a document of title(物权凭证); the evidence of the contract between the consignor and the carrier(运输契约的证明)16)What main points should be included in the shipment clause?The clause of shipment specifies all the details regarding the shipment of the goods. The details include the time of shipment, port of shipment, port of destination, advice of shipment, partialshipment and transshipment, etc.17）What is L/C? Which type of L/C is commonly used? Why?It's basically a mechanism which allows importers/buyers to offer secure terms of payment to exporters/sellers in which a bank or more than one bank gets involved.There are Clean L/C and Documentary L/C, the latter being commonly used, because the former refers to the L/C according to which the issuing bank makes payment against only the draft drawn by the beneficiary or some ordinary documents which do not include the important shipping documents, causing the importer greater risks, so the Documentary L/C is usually adopted. The exporter is required to produce documents stated in the letter of credit evidencing the current shipment of the goods ordered before the money is released, and the importer would feel it safer to pay money.18)What is the relationship between the L/C and the sales contract?1.The contract has legal effect and is binding on both the seller and buyer through negotiation. L/C is opened on the basis of the contract. After it is opened, it becomes another indent independent from the contract.2. The contract embodies the contractual relation between the seller and buyer, while the L/C embodies the contractual relation between the issuing bank and the beneficiary.3. During the operational flow of L/C, the applicant opens the L/C and the beneficiary inspects the L/C according to the contract, while the bank inspects the documents according to the L/C instead of the contract.19）Describe the types of documentary collection and their advantages and disadvantages.By virtue of the way the documents are released, they can be divided into documents against payment(D/P) and documents against acceptance(D/A), the D/P into D/P at sight and D/P after sight.The major advantage of "a cash against documents"payment method for the buyer is low cost, versus opening a letter of credit. The advantage for the seller is that he can rec eive full payment prior to releasing control of the documents, although that is offset by the risk that the buyer can, for some reason, reject the documents. Since the cargo would have already been loaded to generate the documents, the seller has little recourse against the buyer in case of non-payment. An arrangement of payment against documents involves a high level of trust between the seller and the buyer and should be adopted only by parties well known to each other.20）What is the difference between a letter of credit and a letter of guarantee?Under the L/C, the issuing bank holds itself responsible for the payment of the goods, but under a letter of guarantee, the issuing bank holds itself responsible only after the principal has not fulfilled its obligations.。
国贸英汉互译
国贸英汉互译国际贸易 International Trade对外贸易 Foreign Trade国内贸易 Domestic Trade海外贸易 Oversee Trade世界贸易 World Trade有形贸易 (Visible Trade)商品贸易 (Commodity Trade)无形贸易(Invisible Trade)国际服务贸易 (International Service Trade)国际技术贸易(International Technology Trade)出口贸易(Export Trade)进口贸易(Import Trade)过境贸易(Transit Trade)复出口(Re—export Trade)复进口(Re—import Trade)可兑换(Convertible)易货贸易(Barter)双边贸易(Bilateral Trade)多边贸易(Multilateral Trade)直接贸易(Direct Trade)间接贸易(Indirect Trade)转口贸易(Entrepot Trade)统计边界(Statistical boundary)海关管理区(Customs territory)关境(Customs frontier)自由贸易区(Free zone, Free trade zone)保税仓库(Bounded warehouse)保税工厂(Bounded factory)出口加工区(Export processing zone)总贸易(General Trade System)专门贸易(Special Trade System)国际收支平衡(balance of International Payments )贸易差额(Balance of Trade)贸易顺差（出超）(trade surplus/favourable trade balance ) 贸易逆差（入超）(trade deficit /unfavourable trade balance ) 净出口(Net export)净进口(Net import)进(出)口商品价格指数（Price index）贸易条件(Terms of Trade)对外贸易依存度(degree of dependence upon world trade)国际贸易商品结构(Composition of International Trade)《联合国国际贸易标准分类》(SITC)（Standard International Trade Classification)国际贸易地理方向(Direction of International Trade)进口替代(Import Substitution)出口导向(Export Leading)国际分工 (International Division of Labour)绝对成本理论（Theory of Absolute Advantage)绝对优势(Absolute Advantage)比较成本理论(Theory of Comparative Advantage)要素禀赋理论（ Heckscher - Ohlin Theory ）要素禀赋(Factor Endowment)要素充裕度(Factor Abundance)要素密度(Factor Intensity)里昂惕夫之谜（Leontief Paradox）劳动熟练说 (Skilled Labor Theory)人力资本说 (Human Capital)产品生命周期理论（Product Life Cycle Theory）需求偏好相似论（Theory of overlapping demands）产业内贸易理论Intra-industry Trade国家竞争优势理论The Competitive Advantage of Nations世界市场World market商品交易所（Commodity Exchanges）国际拍卖中心（International auction center）包销(Exclusive Sales)代理(Agency)寄售(Consignment)拍卖(Auction)招标与投标(Invitation to Tender，Submission of Tender)商品期货交易(Futures)补偿贸易(Compensation Trade)加工贸易(Processing Trade)租赁(Leasing)贸易专业化系数 (Trade Specialization Coefficient)显性比较优势指数 (Revealed Comparative Advantage Index)商品的国际价值（International Value）商品国际价格（International Price）国际贸易政策International Trade Policy自由贸易政策 ( free trade policy )保护贸易政策 (protective trade policy)重商主义（Mercantilism）幼稚工业 (infant industry)财政关税 (Revenue Tariff )保护关税 (Protective Customs Duties)、进口税 (Import Duties)出口税 (Export Duties)过境税(Transit Duties)进口附加税 (Import Surtax)反倾销税 (Anti-dumping Duty)反贴补税 (Counter-vailing Duty)滑准税（Sliding Duties）特惠关税(Preferential Duties)洛美协定（Lome Convention ）普遍优惠制度（GSP）(Generalized System of Preference，GSP) 原产地规则 (Rule of Origin)免责条款 (Escape Clause)预定限额 (Prior Limitation)竞争需要标准(Competitive Need Criterion，美国)海关税则 (Customs Tariff )自主税则（Autonomous Tariff)协定税则（Conventional Tariff)《商品名称和编码协调制度》(Harmonized System, HS)货物分类目录 ( Description of Goods )税则号序列 (Tariff No.)税率 (Rate of Duty)单式税则 (Single Tariff)复式税则 (Complex Tariff)从量税 (Specific Duties)从价税 (Ad Valorem Duties)混合税 (Mixed or Compound Duties)选择税 (Alternative Duties)完税价格 (Duty Paid Value)混合税（Mixed or compound Duty）选择税（Alternative Duty）报关 Customs Entry /Customs Clearance通关申报（customs declaration）验关（查验）（customs inspection）通关放行(release)关税水平(Tariff Level)有效保护率(Effective Rate of Protection)附加值(Value Added非关税措施(non-tariff barrier—NTBs)进口配额制 ( Import Quota System)绝对配额(Absolute Quotas)全球配额 (Global Quotas)国别配额 (Country Quotas)协议配额 (Agreement Quotas)关税配额 (Tariff Quotas)自动出口限制 (Voluntary Export Restraint )自限协定(Self-restriction Agreement)进口许可证制 (Import Licence System)特种许可证(Special Licence，SL)公开一般进口许可证(Open General Licence，OGL)外汇管制 (Foreign Exchange Control)对外贸易的国家垄断(State Monopoly)最低限价 (Minimum Price)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)国内税收 (Internal Taxes)国家垄断(state monopoly)国营贸易(state trade)歧视性的政府采购政策 (Discriminatory Government Procurement Policy) 海关估价(Customs Valuation)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)技术性贸易壁垒 (Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT)劳工标准（SA8000）出口补贴(Export Subsidies)出口退税（Export Rebates）出口信贷Export Credit出口信贷国家担保制(Export Credit Guarantee system)外汇倾销(Exchange Dumping)卖方信贷 (Supplier‘s Credit)买方信贷 (Buyer's Credit)自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone)保税区(Bonded Area)出口加工区(Export Processing Zone)出口管制（Export Control）贸易制裁（Trade Sanctions）巴黎统筹委员会（COCOM）(Coordinating Committee for Export Control)国际服务贸易(International Service Trade)联合国贸易与发展会议(UNCTAD)《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)过境交付（cross-border supply)境外消费(consumption abroad)商业存在(commercial presence)自然人流动(movement of personnel)居民与非居民之间的服务贸易（ Balance of Payments 简称BOP ）通过本国境内的外国附属机构所提供的服务贸易（Foreign Affiliates Trade 简称FATS）专利(Patent)商标(Trade Mark)专有技术(Know—how)许可证贸易(Licensing)知识产权（Intellectual Property）世界知识产权组织公约—WIPO世界贸易组织—WTO└与贸易有关的知识产权协议---TRIPS贸易条约和协定(Commercial Treaties and Agreements)最惠国待遇条款（MFNT）most-favoured-nation treatment clause国民待遇条款（National Treatment clause）通商航海条约(Treaty of Commerce and Navigation)贸易协定 (Trade Agreement)贸易议定书 (Trade Protocol)支付协定 (Payment Agreement)国际商品协定(international commodity agreement)缓冲存货(buffer stocks)出口限额(export control)多边合同(multilateral contracts)石油输出国组织 (OPEC)铜出口国政府联合委员会 (ICCEC)铁矿砂出口国协会 (AIOEC)国际铝土协会（IAI）钨生产者协会 (TPA)天然橡胶生产国协会 (ANRPC)区域经济一体化（Regional Economic Integration）优惠贸易安排（Preferential Trade Arrangements ，PTA）自由贸易区 (Free Trade Area)关税同盟 (Customs Union)共同市场 (Common Market)经济联盟 (Economic Union)完全经济一体化 (Complete Economic Integration)政治联盟 (Political Union)欧洲联盟（European Union--EU）欧元（EUR）北美自由贸易协定( NAFTA )南方共同市场（MERCOSUR）亚太经济合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation，简称APEC）东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nations跨太平洋伙伴关系协议ＴＰＰ跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定 TTIP服务贸易协定（TISA）（2011，GATS落后）贸易创造效应(Trade Creation Effect)贸易转移效应(Trade Diversion Effect)贸易扩大效应(Trade Expansion Effect)社会福利效应(Social Welfare Effect)贸易条件效应 (Effect on Terms of Trade)国际资本移动（international capital flow）国际直接投资(International Direct Investment)国际间接投资(International Indirect Investment)对外直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称 FDI）独资企业(individual proprietorship)合资企业(joint venture）合作经营(joint cooperation)跨国公司（Transnational Corporation）国际生产折衷理论 (The Eclectic Theory of International Production) 所有权特定优势（Ownership Advantage）内部化优势（Internalization Advantage）区位优势（Location Advantage）世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization，WTO)贸易自由化( Trade Liberalization )市场准入原则（Market Access）互惠原则（Reciprocity）非歧视原则( Trade Without Discrimination )关贸总协定(GATT)关税减让(Schedule of Tariff Concessions)出口价格（Export Price）正常价值（Normal Value）同类产品（Like Product）国内产业（Domestic Industry）实质损害（Material Injury）因果关系（Causation ）禁止性补贴（prohibited subsidies）可诉补贴（actionable subsidies）不可诉补贴（non- actionable subsidies ）农产品协议( Agreement on Agriculture )纺织品和服装协议(Agreement on Textiles & Clothing)贸易政策评审机制(Trade Policy Review Mechanism)争端解决机制(Dispute Settlement Understanding)。
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买方应于2010年4月21日之前将全部货款用电汇的方式汇付给卖方。
The buyer should pay the total value to the seller by T/T, not later than 21 April 2010.
合同签署后30天内，买方应以电汇方式付给卖方合同价格的10%。
The buyer should pay 10% of the contract total value to the seller by T/T within 30 days after signing the S/C.
买方应凭卖方开具的跟单汇票，于提单签发日后60天付款，付款后交单。
The buyer should pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at 60 days after the date of the B/L. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
D/P at sight
买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇票于见票是立即付款，付款后交单。
Upon presentation the buyer should pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
买方对卖方开具的见票后30天付款的跟单汇票，于第一次提示时应给予承兑，并应于汇票到期日立即予以付款，付款后交单。
Upon first presentation the buyer should duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the seller at 30 days after sight and make payment on its maturity。
The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
买方应凭卖方开具的跟单汇票，于提单签发日后60天付款，付款后交单。
The buyer should pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at 60 days after the date of the B/L. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
买方应凭卖方开具的跟单汇票，于汇票出票后90天付款，付款后交单。
The buyer should pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at 90 days after the date of draft. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
买方对卖方开具的见票后120天付款的跟单汇票，于第一次提示时应予以承兑，并应于汇票到期日立即付款，承兑后交单。
Upon first presentation the buyer shall duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the seller at 120 days after sight and make payment on its maturity. The shipping documents are to be delivered against acceptance.
买方对卖方开具的跟单汇票，于提示时承兑，并应于提单日后（出票日后）150天付款，承兑后交单。
The buyer shall duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the seller at 150 days after the date of B/L (draft) upon the first presentation. The shipping documents are to be delivered against acceptance.
L/C clauses in the S/C
通过不可撤销的信用证，凭卖方的跟单汇票见票即付，有效期至装运月份后第15天在中国议付，该证必须在**前到达卖方。
By irrevocable L/C available by seller’s documentary dra ft at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after the date of shipment. The L/C must reach the sellers before **.
通过不可撤销的信用证，凭卖方的跟单汇票于见票后30天支付，该信用证在装运后15天内在中国议付有效，该证必须在**前达到卖方。
By irrevocable L/C available by seller’s documentary draf t at 30 days after sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after the date of shipment. The L/C must reach the seller before **.
Insurance to be effected by the seller for 110% of the invoice value against FPA and W ar risks as per Ocean Mar ine Cargo Clauses of The People’s Insurance Company of China.
•Insurance to be covered for 110% of invoice value against All Risks as per and subject to Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of P.I.C.C. dated 1/1/1981.
•Insurance to be covered by the buyer.
•Insurance to cover W.P.A plus T.P.N.D. and W ar Risks for 110% of the CIF value and to provide for claims, if any, payable in New Y ork in US currency.
Shipment within 30 days after receipt to f L/C which must reach the seller not later than the end of June 2003 failing which the seller reserves the right to cancel this contract without further notice, or to lodge claim for direct losses sustained from.
•Shipment is to be made within 30 days after receipt of the L/C.
The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than 30th June,2007.
•Shipment: to be shipped on or before September 30,2007 subject to acceptable L/C reaching the seller by the end of September 15,2007, and partial shipments prohibited, transshipment allowed.。