广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试数学(文科)答案与评分标准
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文科数学参考答案与评分标准一.选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分）1．【解析】由韦恩图知：{}3A B ⋂=，故选B2．【解析】i ii i i i i -=-=-+-=+-22)1)(1()1(112.故选D 3．【解析】02121=+=⋅y y x x .8,08-=∴=+x x 即，故选D.4．【解析】由频率分布直方图知; 0.03a =,∴身高在[120，130]内的学生人数为1000.031030⨯⨯=,故选C5.【解析】由下标和性质知3315,a =，∴35,a =∴53525,S a ==故选D6．【解析】该组合体的侧视图是上面边长为2的正三角形，下面是边长为2的正方形 ∴组合体的侧视图的面积为122242S =⨯+⨯=C 7．【解析】2()2sin()cos()12cos ()1cos(2)sin 2,4442f x x x x x x ππππ=-+-=+-=+=- 故选B .8．【解析】双曲线1422=-x y 的两条渐近线为12y x =±， 抛物线28y x =-的准线为2x =，当直线y x z =-+过点(1,2)A 时，max 3z =，故选D. 9．【解析】提示：当x,z 都取负数时. lg ,lg x z 无意义。
选A. 10．【解析】提示：根据运算有1,,311*2=∴∈=++⋅k R k k k.选B.二.填空题（本大题每小题5分，共20分，把答案填在题后的横线上）11. 1； 12. 720； 13. 22(2)2x y +-=； 14. sin ρθ=15.4π。
11．【解析】2(4)log 42,f ==∴2((4))(2)log 21f f f ===12．【解析】由程序框图知：123456720S =⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯= 13．【解析】设圆的方程为222()x y b r +-=，则圆心为(0,),b依题意有2221101(1)(01)b r b -⎧=-⎪-⎨⎪=-+-⎩，得222b r =⎧⎨=⎩，所以圆的方程为22(2)2x y +-=。
2019届广东省惠州市高三上学期第一次调研考试 理综
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试理综生物科试卷1.下列相关的生物实验叙述正确的是A.进行绿叶中色素的提取时，要用无水乙醇B.观察DNA和RNA在人口腔上皮细胞中的分布实验中，需用8%的盐酸固定细胞C.调查人群中遗传病的发病率时最好选取多基因遗传病D.红肉西瓜汁是鉴定组织中存在还原性糖的良好实验材料2.下列有关酶的说法正确的是A.所有的催化剂遇双缩脲试剂都呈紫色B.加热和酶都能加快H2O2分解的速率，但作用机理不同C.酶和酶制剂的最适pH范围均为中性D.高温、强酸、强碱都会导致蛋白酶的水解而失活9.以下基因与性状的关系叙述，正确的是A.基因表达过程包括基因的自我复制、转录、逆转录和翻译等过程B.位于线粒体上的基因的遗传也遵循孟德尔遗传定律C.性状均受一对等位基因的控制D.基因突变不一定会导致性状改变，性状改变也不一定是基因突变所致4.下列有关变异与进化的叙述，正确的是A.人的肤色有黄色、黑色、白色等，体现了物种的多样性B.病原微生物对某种新药的抗性基因的出现是在新药使用之后C.由遗传物质的改变引起的变异，可为进化提供原材料D.自然选择使种群发生定向的变异5.人体血浆渗透压可分为由蛋白质等大分子物质形成的胶体渗透压和由无机盐等小分子物质形成的晶体渗透压。
下列有关说法中，错误的是A.营养不良患者的血浆渗透压全部为晶体渗透压，无胶体渗透压B.通过静脉输入血浆蛋白可以缓解某些组织水肿病人的水肿症状C.葡萄糖、胰岛素、淋巴因子和Na+ 等都参与血浆渗透压的形成D.内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件6.玉米是我国种植面积最大的作物。
下列说法正确的是A.一大片长势整齐的玉米无垂直结构B.轮作可以降低玉米螟等虫害的发生率，减少化学农药的使用和对环境的污染C.玉米栽培中要合理施肥，即多施见效快的无机肥少施见效慢的有机肥D.玉米秸杆还田技术有利于提高农田生态系统的能量传递效率30．（9分）研究小组将某亚热带绿色植物置于15℃的一密闭透明玻璃容器内，测定装置中氧气含量，结果如图所示，据此回答下列问题：（1）OA段，装置中氧气总量不断减少的原因是。
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试语文试卷
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试语文试卷文章内容预览第一部分选择题(共45分)一、(18分，每小题3分)1、下列加点的字的读音完全相同的一项是A、濒危频繁颦蹙贫贱不移平步青云B、绮丽期待亲戚漆黑一团七窍生烟C、赡养禅让膳食擅离职守善罢甘休D、赝品应酬英雄义愤填膺鹦鹉学舌2、下列各组词语中，有错别字的一组是A、神智神志不清从新重新做人B、淡泊淡薄名利发愤发奋图强C、个别各别对待分辨分辨是非D、费话废话连篇淹没湮没无闻3、下别各句中加点的虚词，使用正确的一句是A、他热爱足球事业，即使已经是40岁的人了，仍驰骋在绿茵场上。
B、你如果不从实际出发，不按科学的态度办事，终于会犯大错误的。
C、校长决定成立以班主任、总务处职员和学生组成的领导小组，负责住校生工作。
D、做工作不但要考虑到今年，而且还要考虑到明年，以至今后几年。
4、下列各句中加点的成语使用恰当的一句是A、以前没有看过卓别林的喜剧，今天看了，逗得大家哈哈大笑，所有的烦恼都涣然冰释。
B、在纪念抗美援朝战争五十周年之际，邱少云的英雄事迹在神州大地上重新引起轩然大波。
C、xxxx年10月30日，台湾“副总统”吕秀莲大放厥词，抛出“海洋立国论”，公然与台独分子沆瀣一气，走到了一起。
D、《家庭现场急救》软件用了近500幅插图、动画及AVI小电影，演示了各种自救与互救的方法，让您身临其境，体会在关键时刻如何妙手回春。
5、下列句子没有语病、句意明确的一句是A、一对夫妇特意赶在结婚纪念日这天来到捐助中心，一人捐了1000元钱。
B、老人在80岁的时候，还清楚地记得哥哥参加学生运动时对自己的评价：一个温情主义者。
C、针对中国新一代家用电脑发展趋势，一贯以技术领先、功能创新闻名的恒利科技电脑公司计划在近期率先推出具有国际先进水准的新一代家用电脑产品。
D、为了给村民们讨一个说法，从前年冬天开始，年近花甲的老村长就带他和两个弟弟踏上了这漫长而艰辛的告状之路。
6、下列句于没有语病的一句是A、当西方学者普遍认为古希腊是现代文明之源，杜兰博士则认为欧洲大多数的发明是来自埃及和东方。
广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试
第 I 卷（选择题）一、选择题奈曼荒漠位于内蒙古东部的科尔沁沙地南缘，大兴安岭东侧。
这里黄沙遍及，但某团队却通过在地下— 1 米处铺设特制的衬膜，在该地成功开垦出万亩稻田。
据此达成以下各题。
1．与长江中下游地域对比，奈曼荒漠栽种水稻的有益条件是A. 热量充分B.地形平展C.光照充分D. 土壤肥饶2．该地栽种水稻的主要水源来自于A. 地下水B.河流水C.大气降水D. 冰雪融水3．该地稻田地下铺设特制的衬膜的主要目的是A. 增添肥力B.减少蒸发C.隔断沙尘D. 防备渗漏干热岩是指内部不存在或仅存在少许流体、温度高于180℃的异样高温岩体，可用于发电和取暖。
初步估量中国埋深3~10 km 范围内的干热岩资源量相当于860 万亿吨标准煤，按 2%的可开采资源量计算，相当于中国2010 年能源耗费总量的5200 倍。
干热岩资源的开发主要利用增强型地热系统（以下图）来提取其内部的热量，我国研究起步较晚，当前西安市多个小区和办公场所已经实现干热岩供暖。
据此达成以下各题。
4．当前限制我国大规模开发干热岩资源的主要要素是A. 资源B.政策C.技术D.市场5．西安市鼎力开发利用干热岩资源，有益于A. 缓解沉降B.改良大气C.减少地震D.减少能耗地下水位是指地下水水面的海拔高度，浅层地下水水位的起伏局势往常与当地地表一致且催生地下径流，而地下水“埋深”则是指其相关于地表的埋藏深度。
以下图表示苏州市2005~2015年浅层地下水均匀水位与均匀埋深。
据此达成以下各题。
6．苏州市地势A.西南高东北低B.东南高西北低C.西北高东南低D.东北高西南低7．甲、乙、丙、丁四个地址中浅层地下水流速最大的是A.甲B.乙C. 丙D.丁8．图中丁地的海拔约为A. 5.2mB. 2.8mC.4mD. 1.2m扎鲁比诺港（ 42? 40＇N ，131?07＇E）位于俄罗斯滨海边境区特罗伊察湾，海湾水质优秀，大海生物丰富。
港区潮差不显然，冬天不封冻，四时可通航。
1. 惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试理科数学
6．“牟合方盖”是我国古代数学家刘徽在研究球的体积 的过程中构造的一个和谐优美的几何体．它由完全相同的 四个曲面构成，相对的两个曲面在同一个圆柱的侧面上， 好似两个扣合（牟合）在一起的方形伞（方盖）．其直观 图如下左图，图中四边形是为体现其直观性所作的辅助 线．其实际直观图中四边形不存在，当其正视图和侧视图
2.已知集合M x x2 1 , N x ax 1,若N M ,则
实数a的取值集合为( D )
A. {1}
B. {1,1}
C. {1, 0}
D. {1,1, 0}
注意到a 0时, N ,也满足N M,故选D
3. 函数f ( x) 2cos2 x sin2 x+2的最小正周期为 , 则
S S (a ai )2
i i 1 一部分计算见如图所示的 算法流程图(其中a是这8
否 i≥8?
是
个数据的平均数), 则输 出的S的值是( )
S S/8
A. 6
B. 7
输出S
C. 8
D. 9
结束
8.对一个作直线运动的质点的运动过程观测了8次，得到 如下表所示的数据.
观测次数i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
设g(m) m 4 2 ln m,
由于g(e2 ) e2 4 2 ln e2 0,
g(e3 ) e3 4 2 ln e3 0, 故e2 m e3 ,
所以切线斜率k=f (m)=2 ln m,
又k Z ,所以kmax 4
12. 设抛物线y2 4x的焦点为F , 过点(2, 0)的直线交抛物
A、C1、E的平面交棱BB1于点F , B1F 2BF .
(1) 求证：平面AC1E 平面BCC1B1;
(2) 求二面角E AC1 C的平面角的余弦值.
广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试语文试题(1)
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试语文试卷（2019.7）本试卷分必考和选考两部分，满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卷的相应位置上。
2．考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案不能写在试卷上，必须写在答题卷的各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
一、本大题4小题，每小题3分，共12分。
1．下列各组词语中加点的字的读音，全都不相同的一组是（）（3分）A．甄．选/箴．言聒．噪/恬．淡结．实/结．构弹．劾/弹．丸B．掠．影/虐．待舐．犊/胼胝．稽．查/稽．首解．救/解．差C．缄．默/信笺．谄．媚/胡诌．屏．障/屏．除大度．/忖度．D．羁．绊/亟．待校．正/比较．装载．/记载．畜．牧/牲畜．2．下列各句中，加点词语使用恰当的一句是（）（3分）A．吴天明是许多第五代导演的伯乐。
在任西影厂厂长期间，他大胆启用．．张艺谋、周晓文等一批有艺术潜质的新人，为他们提供独立拍片的平台。
B．气管黏膜是保护人体的第一道关卡，这道关卡被破坏后，有害颗粒物就会进入和．伤害肺部，导致人体呼吸系统及其他系统患病。
C．只要算盘还在使用，珠算就不会仅仅是一种遗产，而是一种可与现代数字技术相提并论、相互补充的实用技术，它还会因可持续发展而“永葆青春．．．．”。
D．中国的口头文学非常博大，像空气一样无处不在。
陈陈相因．．．．的故事传递着中国人传统的道德准则与价值观，蕴含着人们的生活智慧和丰富的生产经验。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）（3分）A．近日，一名女乘客晕倒在公交车内，司机当机立断，和4名热心乘客一起将患者送到医院，患者很快转危为安，司机和乘客的爱心之举迎来了网友一片点赞。
B．清华大学联合剑桥大学、麻省理工学院，成立低碳能源大学联盟未来交通研究中心，他们试图寻找解决北京雾霾天出行困难的破解之道。
广东惠州2019高三第一次调研(解析版)-物理
广东惠州2019高三第一次调研（解析版）-物理物理试题【一】单项选择题〔每题4分，总分值64分。
每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项最符合题目要求，选对的得4分，多项选择、选错或不答的得0分。
〕13.如下图，AO、BO、CO三根绳子抗拉程度完全一样，如果CO绳子吊着重物的重力逐渐加大，当超过一定量时，那么最先断的绳子是：A、AO绳子B、BO绳子C、CO绳子D、三根绳子同时断14.假设地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，其实际绕行速率A、一定等于7.9KM／SB、一定小于7.9KM／SC、一定大于7.9KM／SD、介于7.9－11.2KM／S之间答案：B解析：地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，其最大速率为7.9KM／S，选项B 正确。
15.如下图，实线表示匀强电场的电场线、一个带正电荷的粒子以某—速度射入匀强电场，只在电场力作用下，运动的轨迹如图中的虚线所示，A、B为轨迹上的两点、假设A点电势为φA，B点电势为φB，那么A、场强方向一定向左，且电势错误！未找到引用源。
B、场强方向一定向左，且电势错误！未找到引用源。
C、场强方向一定向右，且电势错误！未找到引用源。
D、场强方向一定向右，且电势错误！未找到引用源。
16、如下图，在X≤0的区域内存在匀强磁场，磁场的方向垂直于纸面向里、矩形线框ABCD从T＝0时刻起由静止开始沿X轴正方向做匀加速运动，那么线框中的感应电流I 〔取逆时针方向的电流为正〕随时间T的变化图线是答案：D解析：由静止开始沿X轴正方向做匀加速运动，速度随时间逐渐增大，产生的感应电动势逐渐增大，感应电流逐渐增大。
根据右手定那么可判断出感应电流方向为顺时针方向，那么线框中的感应电流I〔取逆时针方向的电流为正〕随时间T的变化图线是D。
【二】双项选择题〔每题6分，总分值54分。
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有2个选项符合题目要求，全选对的得6分，只选1项且正确的得3分，有多项选择、选错或不答的得0分。
〕17.以下说法正确的选项是A、伽利略通过理想斜面实验，得出力不是维持物体运动原因的结论B、牛顿发现了万有引力并测出了万有引力常量C、安培通过油滴实验测量了电子所带的电荷量D、库仑总结并确认了真空中两个静止点电荷之间的相互作用规律18.运动员站在高台上，双手紧握链条的一端，链条另一端拴一重链球，重链球在水平面内做圆周运动，在转速不断增大的过程中，某时刻突然松手，链球水平飞出。
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试-高考模拟
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试-高考模拟本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！第一部分选择题（共36分）一、（15分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，每对的读音完全相同的一组是（）A．①狼藉/枕藉②黑白相间/间杂③应届/应分B．①创伤/创利②强词夺理/强不知以为知③数典忘祖/数一数二c．①箪食壶浆/殚精竭虑②靛青/下碇③稗官野史/纵横捭阖D．①粘贴/如坐针毡②沉湎/腼腆③闪烁/铄石流金2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是（）A．嬗变座右铭火中取栗涸泽而渔，焚林而猎B．宣泄仗义直言言简意赅言者谆谆，听者藐藐c．狙击排中律销声匿迹一叶障目，不见泰山D．冬蜇骈俪文买椟还珠嬉笑怒骂，皆成3．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（）A．西甲豪门皇马队已抵达云南，将于8月2日晚在昆明与中国队举行一场友谊赛，届时球迷们熟悉的罗纳尔多、菲戈将粉墨登场。
B．奥运会比赛时，比赛所在城市的人大多数都到比赛现场去看比赛了，居民区常常十室九空。
c．有的党员见群众不宣传，不鼓动，不演说，不调查，不询问，不关心其痛痒，漠然置之，忘记了自己是一个共产党员。
D．他信誓旦旦地对老总说，我拿人格向你保证，不管企业遇到多大困难，我和我的朋友一定同心协力，鼎力相助，决不袖手旁观。
4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A．广东省顺德市的镇办企业，引进了不少先进技术和先进设备，先后试制和生产了多种家用电器等具有全国领先地位的产品，占领了市场。
B．市场上有人不择手段仿造伪劣产品，对这种坑害消费者骗取钱财的不法行为，应给以严厉的打击。
c．目前，各种网络发送短消息特别活跃，发送的信息已不仅是图片，还有许多是文字，甚至是简单的动画。
D．狼种群数量的迅速下降，已经引起了有识之士的关注，《国际濒危物种公约》已将狼列入其中，我国也将狼列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》。
广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研测试英语试卷【含答案及解析】
广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研测试英语试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、阅读理解1. Artificial intelligence，or AI，has been applied in a wide range of fields to perform specific tasks，including education, finance, heavy industry, transportation, and so on．EducationThere are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science，though such tools have not become widespread yet．Advancements in natural language processing，combined with machine learning，have also enabled automatic grading of assignments．AI has also led to an explosion in popularity of MOOCs，or Massive Open Online Courses，which allows students from around the world to take classes online．FinanceUse of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987．Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations，maintain book-keeping，invest in stocks，and manage properties．Also，systems are being developed，like Atria，to translate complex data into simple and personable language．There are also wallets，like Wallet AI，which monitor an individual’s spending habits and provides ways to improve them．Heavy industryRobots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs thatare considered dangerous to humans．Robots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to failure in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degrading．TransportationToday’S cars can have AI-based driver assist features such as self-parking and advanced cruise controls．AI in transportation is expected to provide safe，efficient，and reliable transportation while minimizing the impact on theenvironment and communities．Toys and gamesCompanies like Mattel have been creating AI-enabled toys for kids as young as age three．Using proprietary AI engines and speech recognition tools，they are able to understand conversations，give intelligent responses and learn quickly．AI has also been applied to video games，for example video game bots，which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans aren’t available or desired．1. Which is true about AI and education?A. Robots have been widely used to teach children．B. AI has been used to grade students’homework．C. AI has enabled more students to receive education at school．D. Education was the first field where A1 was used．2. Which can be inferred from the passage?A. Atria can help people understand complex data．B. Wallet AI can help people make more money．C. Robots’jobs are considered dangerous to humans．D. Robots can help people concentrate．3. From the last two paragraphs we can know that_______________.A. Today’s drivers needn’t learn to park their carsB. AI ensures safe, efficient, and reliable transportationC. AI-enabled toys is designed to improve kids’intelligenceD. Video game bots can fight against you in video games4. What is the passage mainly about?A. The latest progress in AI．B. AI is of great use．C. Some applications of AI．D. AI is used in all fields．2. When 1 was a boy we used to live across the road from a big hill with huge oak trees growing out of it．When winter arrived，thick，heavy snow would fall，and my two brothers would grab their sleds heading over to the hill for a dayof fun．I remember watching them with envy because 1 was still too small to go sledding．Finally，one winter 1 was considered big enough and joined mybrothers as they carried their sleds up the long hill and prepared to ridedown it．The first few trips I rode with one of my brothers and had the time of my life．It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled．Near the end of the day 1 was overjoyedtoo when my oldest brother decided to let me try riding the sled all by myself．I climbed on it full of excitement and lay on my stomach．Then with one big push my brother sent me down the snowy hillside．1 was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course，straight towards one of those big oak trees．My heart pounded in my chest and I could hear myself screaming．At the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the tree．I could hear my brothers running down the hill yelling，“You have to steer(操控)!You have to steer!”Sadly，that wasn’t the last time I failed to steer when some obstacle knocked me off course in my life．Many times problems，troubles，and my own failures have sent me crashing into the trees of anger, frustration, and despair．I am still learning that life isn’t always safe sledding．I am still learning that it is up to me to steer myself back to love, back to kindness, back to goodness, and back to God．Life is a trip，but no one ever said it was a smooth ride．Steer well then．Steer straight．Steer your soul towards the light and the love we areall meant for．1. What do we know about the author when he was very young?A. He lived on a big hill with huge oak trees on it．B. He was frightened to go sledding with his brothers．C. He longed to go sledding with his brothers．D. He carried his brothers’sleds as they went sledding．2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“exhilarating”in Paragraph 2?A. delightfulB. TerrifyingC. ordinaryD. violent3. Why did the author fall off his sled?A. Because his sled crashed in an oak tree．B. Because he lost control of his sled．C. Because his brother pushed it so hard．D. Because the hillside was snowy．4. What does the author mean to tell us?A. Losing control of a sled can be dangerous．B. Courage and determination can change one’s life．C. Life can be controlled by one himselfD. Life is a mystery full of coincidences．3. The popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths(亭)set up in big cities across the country．As the latest TV show to help people’s love for literature recover，CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems，essays and books，or even personal letters they wrote to their loved ones．Just as the weekly show has been well-received，its reading booths，equipped with professional recording devices and cameras，have become instant hits．A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 -- the first day of the booth’s opening to the public in Shanghai．The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5:30 pm，as the number of waiting readers continuedto grow．Some waited more than nine hours for a try-out in the booth,according to library management．“There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opens．If that was a spring of reading in Shanghai，now I think another spring has arrived again，”library manager Zhou Deming，told the Shanghai-based The Paper．The reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic centerat the moment，but more are expected to be put into use in the coming months，according to the library’s website．The Readers program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing，Hangzhou，Guangzhou and Xi’an to appeal to more people to read and sharetheir life stories．With the recent boom of culture-themed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Competition，some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general．1. CCTV program Readers aims to_______________.A. teach people what to readB. attract p eople’s attention to CCTVC. invite people to read aloud in the boothD. arouse people’s flesh enthusiasm for reading2. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that_______________.A. Some people waited for a long time to read in the boothB. March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai LibraryC. On March 4,200 people read in the boothD. The time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours3. The passage mainly tells US that_______________.A. Many people line up to read aloud in reading boothsB. More reading booths will be set up in the futureC. Readers has become popular all over ChinaD. Readers has inspired more people to read aloud in reading booths4. Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest．But new research suggests that teens who go along with their friends may end up healthier as adults．Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health．That’s true for both teens and adults．The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologistat the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiencesduring teen years would influence adult health．So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13．They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships．The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25，26 and 27．This time，the questions surveyed each person’s overall health．When the researchers analyzed the data they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health．Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults．Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to a close friends also influenced later health．Those who held back were more likely to be sick as adults．The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health．Weight，family income and drug use were all examined．So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression．And in these people，such other factors didnot explain adult health as well as teen friendships did．Going along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks．Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work．And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs．Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges．“Finding the right balance is the key．Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy．”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”1. Where can you probably read this passage?A. Science fictionB. Health columnC. Fashion magazineD. Entertainment newspaper2. We can learn from Allen’s study that _______________.A. many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsB. mental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthC. the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27D. the t eens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthier3. According to what Allen said，we can know that _______________.A. in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowdB. though it’s challenging for teens to deal with pee r pressure，they should not give upC. teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureD. parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends4. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd．B. Close friendships are the most important for people’s health．C. Teen friendships may turn out healthier adults．D. Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships．二、七选五5. My father used to be an amateur wrestler ( 业余摔跤者 ) and national champion. He was forced by his father to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldn’t be able to win a medal for our country. Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would. 1.He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys accidentally in response to critical comments. My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us. 2. We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have a short haircuts to avoid lice.3. We would complain about him all the time. Gradually, I realized that he wanted us to have a good future and not grow up to be ordinary housewives. Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won the junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in a National Sports Academy, where pride and pain fulfilled my mind. 4. As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level. After that, I tearfully made peace with papa and turned to him for help. Then he coached me patiently.Despite difficulty, I finally became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics, inspiring dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling. Even now, papa’s words are still in my mind “Geeta, think aboutall the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys, girls who are forced to do chores, girls who are married and have children. Not only will you compete with other countries, but also with those who look down upon women!”. I will never forget our father’s instruction. 5. .A. But his methods were cruel.B. I almost gave up what papa had taught me.C. Disappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.D. My sister and I tried to escape.E. I will always owe all success to him.F. At first, my sister and I did not understand our father.G. However, my mother didn’t agree with him.三、完形填空6. My mother was a giver. The occasion never ______ – Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all.She was always thinking about who might ______ what. Creativity and ______ went into the gifts she gave, and she ______ a thank you note. Once she sent out a note to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts, ______ that they were now on her “Fecal Roster(黑名单)” and would not be removed____ she had received a proper thank you.Even if you didn’t ______ a thank you, she’d give you another gift the next ______ she had. She figured____ manners were your problem, not hers.Every time Mom and Dad ______ to visit, all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage. There was always something for the kids,______ a couple of little toys or a big ______ of homemade cookies. They weren’t gifts for particular occasion. They were ______ “Isn’t life great?” gifts.One spring when they came to visit, she handed me a ______ bag. Inside was a painting that ______ : “A Special Daughter. You’ve ______ laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts. The most precious things we can ______ for you are the things you have given us… ______ and Love.”Mom was a ______ gift giver, but the best gifts we will always remember her for were her lover for ______ and her love for us.1. A. mattered B. occurred C. varied D. arose2. A. wonder B. praise C. enjoy D. approve3. A. thoughtfulness B. sympathy C. justice D. authority4. A. ignored B. appreciated C. promised D. resisted5. A. assuming B. abusing C. stating D. correcting6. A. once B. after C. when D. until7. A. send B. purchase C. conduct D. obtain8. A. time B. chance C. festival D. holiday9. A. mistaken B. bad C. silly D. ridiculous10. A. walked by B. wandered around C. drove over D. rode away11. A. often B. always C. never D. seldom12. A. tank B. cage C. container D. holder13. A. fairly B. apparently C. especially D. simply14. A. cookie B. toy C. hand D. gift15. A. read B. told C. wrote D. appeared16. A. showed B. awarded C. devoted D. brought17. A. apply B. wish C. recommend D. ask18. A. Assistance B. Privilege C. Happiness D. Satisfaction19. A. extreme B. serious C. grand D. great20. A. life B. kids C. families D. gifts四、短文填空7. Recent months have seen a return of bike across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1. (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.The bikes 2. (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3. effective solution in places 4. it’s dif ficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike-sharing is a 5. (green) method of transportation and 6. (provide) a more friendly experienceHowever, the programs have also led to problems such as 7. (legal) parking, deliberate (蓄意的) damaging and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people8. (return) the bikes to stations 9. rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems,too. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with 10. (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5-1 yuan.五、短文改错8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试英语2018.07 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
满分120分（最终成绩按总分135分进行折算），考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
3. 全部答案应在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第I卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ATravel can be fun, but when you have to move in a disability, getting from point A to point B can become frustrating. Airlines know this and do their part to make air travel as comfortable as they can for every passenger.Here are some tips and information on what major airlines do for travelers who need extra support when flying.UnitedWhen flying with United, call the airline's disability desk (1-800-228-2744) 48 hours in advance of travel if you'll be traveling with an assistive device so they can ensure your device can be used in-flight. Any special needs you have should be mentioned when you make your reservation so the airline staff can do their best to help you. This includes the need for assistance getting to your gate, boarding, getting to your seat, deplaning or connecting.DeltaDepending on the type and age of the aircraft, accessible features of Delta's aircraft include movable armrests of seats, wheelchair space, on-board wheelchairs and, on larger airplanes, wheelchair-accessible washrooms. Depending on the aircraft, they also provide seats with a movable aisle armrest for passengers needing to transfer from a boarding wheelchair to their own seat more easily.US AirwaysWhen traveling with US Airways, if you have a mobility disability and need special seating, call 800-428-4322 at least 24 hours before your scheduled departure to ensure your needs are met. Besides seats with movable armrests, the airline also provides seats with more legroom for passengers with a immobilized leg. The airline can also provide an on-board wheelchair but letthem know 48 hours in advance if you need one.SouthwestIf you're flying with Southwest and you need a wheelchair at the airport, or need other special assistance, it's best to inform the airline in advance, or as soon as you arrive at the airport so your requests can be fulfilled as quickly as possible. On each aircraft, a small wheelchair that can fit down the aircraft aisle is available at every gate and can be used if you need help getting into your seat.21. Who is this passage intended for?A. Those who has a disability.B. Travelers who have difficulty in moving.C. Travelers who become sick on the plane.D. Travelers who are poor in health.22. Which airline could be the best choice for someone with a leg that can’t bend?A. UnitedB. DeltaC. US AirwaysD. Southwest.23. You are most likely to find this passage________.A. on the internetB. at the airportC. on the planeD. in the newspaperBI was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my Mom and Dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. T his didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith and spirituality, it was only to increase my own happiness.I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.Still, I didn’t give up on happiness. I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes.I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: it is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.Carolyn Arends wrote: "The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing." So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.24.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He often helped his brother with housework.B.B. He studied hard for his family.C.He put his own needs above others’.D.D. He was concerned about his family.25. What did the author realize after he suffered in life?A. Spoiled people can’t survive t he hardship of life.B. Life is cruel to spoiled people.C. Spoiled people are never happy in life.D. Selfishness is helpful.26. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author loved kids.B. The author often fed his baby.C. The author realized the importance of happiness.D. When caring for his baby, the author got inspired.27. Which can be the best title of the passage?A. Loving Others , a Way to HappinessB. The Elder One Grows, the More He Gets.C. Help Others , Help OneselfD. Keep Growing to Live a Happy LifeCWhen you finish your day at school, you probably rush to your dormitory or home as quickly as possible. But for some people, their day begins in the middle of the night.Welcome to the interesting world of “the Master”, the owner of a small restaurant located in a busy district that only opens from midnight to 7 am.Earlier this month, Hong Kong actor Tony Leung Ka-fai announced that he had directed and starred as the Master in a remake of Japanese director Joji Matsuoka’s famous comedy Midnight Diner. The new movie is expected to come out in Chinese mainland cinemas later this year.While serving regular soup every night, the Master is also willing to make customized (定制的) dishes if his customers ask. Besides its delicious food, what makes this eatery special is that it’s a place of sanctuary and togetherness.Midnight is often when worries, loneliness, and sadness creep up on people, and midnight diner provides the simple comforts of food and drink, and more importantly, a warm place where people can keep each other company, talk, and share their stories. The customers’ stories cover everything, from problems at work to parenthood, romance, friendship, and the regrets of a wasted life. Listening to their stories, customers offer encouragement and advice to one another. But the Master only provides the life lesson-- a good day must follow a bad one-when necessary.Despite facing different kinds of disappointment, people need to find their own satisfaction in their seemingly messy lives. “The small pleasure can be a good hot-pot meal,” Japanese culture website noted. “It’s easy to lose sight of what gives life meaning as we go about t he daily routine of work and home life.”After all, no one is flawless and no one’s life is perfect, but imperfections are the space where possibilities live. As Kelly Mcneils, author of Your Messy Brilliance, wrote, “ The good, the bad, and the ugly, they are our greatest assets because they include every single part of ourselves andleave nothing out--and when we fully embrace all parts of ourselves, we discover our true power.”28.From the passage we know that the Master________.A. is an actor in Midnight Diner.B. is so popular as to be remade by Joji MatsuokaC. provides good service for his customersD. offers a special restaurant around the clock.29. What does the underlined word “sanctuary” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. reunionB. separationC. eatingD. shelter30. Why is the midnight diner important and special ?A. Because bad emotions often occur at midnight.B. Because it offers meals at midnight .C. Because customers are comforted and helped here.D. Because the cu stomers love the Master’s life lessons.31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Nobody is perfect.B. Accepting our imperfections help us learn about ourselves.C. We shouldn’t attach great importance to our imperfections.D. Potentials can only be found in our imperfections.DWorkers at an Indian start-up company are busy cutting up pieces of metal and using them to make unusual devices. Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel（柴油机）generators and turn it into ink. Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi, India’s capital. Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world.People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution. But another big reason is the city’s diesel generators. Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages. These outages often strike in the summer months.Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the start-up company Chakr Innovation. He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles get all the media attention, but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators.” Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago. At the time, he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution. He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi.After over two years of research and development, Chakr Innovation has begun selling devices to capture pollution from diesel engines. To date, the devices have been set up in 50 places, including private businesses.The te chnology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger” where the dirty particles come together. These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate(微粒的) matter. The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink.In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhi’s air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers. But the same has not happened fordiesel generators. There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation. He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution. He calls the technology “a win-win between businesses and the environment.”32. What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1?A. They are made in a big company.B. They are cut into pieces of metal.C. They can turn dirty smoke into ink.D. They will certainly clean up the dirty air.33. The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in________.A. MarchB. JulyC. SeptemberD. December34. What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation?A. The determination to fight air pollution.B. The development of breathing problems.C. The media attention to vehicular pollutionD. The sight of a wall blackened by smoke.35. When the device works, how are the dirty particles gathered together?A. By cooling the polluted air.B. By isolating the emissions.C. By moving the dirty particles.D. By capturing the particulate matter.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(完整版)惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试(文科)
惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试数 学（文科）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．已知集合{}0,1,2,3M =，{}21N x x ==，则M N =I （ ）A ．{}1B ．{}1,1-C ．{}1,0D ．{}1,1,0- 2．复数52i -的共轭复数是（ ） A ．2i +B ．2i --C ．2i -+D ．2i -3．已知双曲线C 的中心在原点，焦点在x 轴上，其中一条渐近线的倾斜角为3π， 则双曲线C 的离心率为（ ） A ．2或3 B ．2或233 C ．233D ．2 4．下列有关命题的说法错误的是（ ）A ．若“p q ∨”为假命题，则p 与q 均为假命题；B ．“1x =”是“1x ≥”的充分不必要条件；C ．若命题200R 0p x x ∃∈≥：，，则命题2R 0p x x ⌝∀∈<：，；D ．“1sin 2x =”的必要不充分条件是“6x π=”. 5．已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且23a =，7a =4，则5S =（ ）A ．28B ．25C ．20D ．186．已知数据1x ，2x ，L ，10x ，2的平均值为2，方差为1，则数据1x ，2x ，L ，10x 相 对于原数据（ ）A ．一样稳定B ．变得比较稳定C ．变得比较不稳定D ．稳定性不可以判断 7．如图所示,黑色部分和白色部分图形是由曲线1y x=， 1y x=-，y x =，y x =-及圆构成的.在圆内随机取一点,则此点取自黑色部分的概率是（ ） A ．14 B ．18 C ．4π D ．8π8．若实数x ，y 满足的约束条件101010x y x y y +-≤⎧⎪-+≥⎨⎪+≥⎩，则函数2z x y =+的最大值是（ ）A ．2B ．3C ．1D ．5- 9．函数()cos f xx x =-在[0,)+∞内 （ ）A ．没有零点B ．有且仅有一个零点C ．有且仅有两个零点D ．有无穷多个零点 10．“牟合方盖”是我国古代数学家刘徽在研究球的体积的过程中构造的 一个和谐优美的几何体。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第I卷（选择题）一、选择题奈曼沙漠位于内蒙古东部的科尔沁沙地南缘，大兴安岭东侧。
这里黄沙遍布，但某团队却通过在地下—1米处铺设特制的衬膜，在该地成功开垦出万亩稻田。
据此完成下列各题。
1．与长江中下游地区相比，奈曼沙漠种植水稻的有利条件是A. 热量充足B. 地形平坦C. 光照充足D. 土壤肥沃2．该地种植水稻的主要水源来自于A. 地下水B. 河流水C. 大气降水D. 冰雪融水3．该地稻田地下铺设特制的衬膜的主要目的是A. 增加肥力B. 减少蒸发C. 阻隔沙尘D. 防止渗漏干热岩是指内部不存在或仅存在少量流体、温度高于180℃的异常高温岩体，可用于发电和取暖。
初步估算中国埋深3~10 km范围内的干热岩资源量相当于860万亿吨标准煤，按2%的可开采资源量计算，相当于中国2010年能源消耗总量的5200倍。
干热岩资源的开发主要利用增强型地热系统（如图所示）来提取其内部的热量，我国研究起步较晚，目前西安市多个小区和办公场所已经实现干热岩供暖。
据此完成下列各题。
4．目前限制我国大规模开发干热岩资源的主要因素是A. 资源B. 政策C. 技术D. 市场5．西安市大力开发利用干热岩资源，有利于A. 缓解沉降B. 改善大气C. 减少地震D. 减少能耗地下水位是指地下水水面的海拔高度，浅层地下水水位的起伏形势通常与当地地表一致且催生地下径流，而地下水“埋深”则是指其相对于地表的埋藏深度。
下图示意苏州市2005~2015年浅层地下水平均水位与平均埋深。
据此完成下列各题。
6．苏州市地势A. 西南高东北低B. 东南高西北低C. 西北高东南低D. 东北高西南低7．甲、乙、丙、丁四个地点中浅层地下水流速最大的是A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁8．图中丁地的海拔约为A. 5.2mB. 2.8mC. 4mD. 1.2m扎鲁比诺港（42︒40＇N ，131︒07＇E）位于俄罗斯滨海边疆区特罗伊察湾，海湾水质优良，海洋生物丰富。
港区潮差不明显，冬季不封冻，四季可通航。
近年中俄两国计划合作扩建扎鲁比诺港，该港口的合作开发将为吉林省打开一条海上对外通道。
据此完成下列各题。
9．特罗伊察湾水质优良，主要因为A. 海洋生物丰富，利于水体净化B. 风浪大，污染物易扩散C. 经济发达，居民环保意识强D. 海湾人口少，开发程度低10．扎鲁比诺港不封冻的原因是A. 纬度低，水温高B. 纬度高，日照时间长C. 暖流流经，水域增温D. 西风控制，气候温和11．扎鲁比诺港扩建后，外运量将显著增加的农产品可能是A. 玉米B. 牛肉C. 苹果D. 茶叶第II卷（非选择题）二、综合题12．阅读图文材料，完成下列要求。
孔扎科技城是肯尼亚政府投资打造的科技园区（下图所示），距首都内罗毕60公里，占地3万多亩，被誉为“非洲硅谷”。
预计2030年全部建成后将为本国提供超过20万个工作岗位。
它的目标是吸引国际知名高科技企业落户，培育本土企业，推动信息技术和服务外包产业的发展。
目前，该科技城一期已完成园区道路、光纤电缆、供水供电等设施的建设，IBM、谷歌、微软、英特尔等公司均有意进驻。
（1）分析孔扎科技城吸引众多国际知名高科技企业进驻的原因。
（2）人才及科技水平是制约孔扎科技城发展的重要因素，请你为此提出合理建议。
（3）简述“非洲硅谷”建设对肯尼亚发展的意义。
13．阅读图文材料，完成下列要求。
北方针叶林分布于北纬45°~70°的寒温带地区，向南延伸到我国大兴安岭北部。
其群落结构极其简单，林冠层下常由灌木（根深）、草本植物（根浅）及苔藓地衣（无根）组成，林下土壤是酸性贫瘠的灰土，林下植被的物种数占了总植被数的90%以上。
某科考队研究了林火干扰对北方针叶林林下植被的影响，下图示意火后林下植被的生产力和物种丰富度的动态变化。
（1）分析北方针叶林区土壤不适宜大面积作为农耕用地的原因。
（2）描述火后林下植被的生产力和物种丰富度的变化规律。
（3）分析火后前15年林下植被生产力变化的原因。
（4）高强度大面积火会烧毁植被的地上部分，推测高强度火后初期林下植被的优势物种及原因。
14．[地理——选修3：旅游地理]某骑行爱好者计划于今年9月从成都出发，沿下面路线到达拉萨（如下图）。
为应对沿途各种自然挑战，请你为他拟一个物品清单，并说明携带这些物品的理由。
15．[地理——选修6：环境保护]绿潮是在特定的环境条件下，海水中某些大型绿藻爆发性增殖或高度聚集而引起水体变色的一种有害生态现象。
浒苔是常见的绿藻，最适生长温度为15~25℃，对营养盐的吸收能力强。
我国南黄海紫菜养殖区（如下图所示）面积持续上升，每年4~5月筏架回收过程中均在滩涂上将缆绳上的绿藻进行刮除，刮落的绿藻被海水带回海洋。
分析南黄海4~5月绿潮大规模爆发的原因，并提出防治措施。
参考答案1．C2．A3．D【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】1．由材料可知，该地位于内蒙古东部的科尔沁沙地南缘，大兴安岭东侧，黄沙遍布，沙质土壤较长江中下游地区的水稻土贫瘠，D项错误；该地纬度高，热量没有长江中下游地区充足，A项错误；该地位于大兴安岭东侧，地势起伏，不如长江中下游地区地形平坦，B项错误；该地为温带大陆性气候，气候干旱，降水较少，光照充足，而长江中下游地区为亚热带季风气候，气候温和湿润，晴天比奈曼沙漠少，光照条件不如奈曼沙漠，故C项正确。
2．该地气候干旱，降水较少，C项错误；冰雪融水主要集中在春节，无法满足水稻种植的需求，D项错误；科尔沁沙地，黄沙遍布，河流较少，径流量小，水量不足，B项错误；该地种植水稻的主要水源来自于地下水，故A项正确。
3．该地为沙漠，遍布黄沙，水源容易下渗，稻田地下铺设特制的衬膜的主要目的是防止渗漏，故D项正确。
4．C5．B【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】4．由“干热岩资源的开发主要利用增强型地热系统来提取其内部的热量，我国研究起步较晚”可知，目前限制我国大规模开发干热岩资源的主要因素是技术不成熟，故C项正确。
5．干热岩资源属于地热资源的一种，是清洁能源，其有效利用可以一定程度上减少化石能源的使用，减少污染气体的排放，改善大气质量，故B项正确。
6．C7．B8．A【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】6．由材料可知，浅层地下水水位的起伏形势通常与当地地表一致，读图中地下水水位线数值可知苏州市地势西北高东南低，故C项正确。
7．由材料“浅层地下水水位的起伏形势通常与当地地表一致且催生地下径流”可知，地下径流与地表径流类似，地势落差越大水流越快。
在图中地下水位线越密集则代表地势落差越大，读图可知，乙处水位线最为密集，地下水流速最大，故B项正确。
8．由材料可知，一地的海拔高度等于该地的地下水位高度加上地下水的埋藏深度。
故丁的海拔高度为+=5.2m，答案为A项。
9．D10．C11．A【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】9．由材料可知，特罗伊察湾位于俄罗斯远东边疆，俄罗斯主要人口、城市、工业集中分布在欧洲部分，亚洲部分人口少，开发程度低，环境污染少，故特罗伊察湾水质优良的主要原因是人为干涉少，自然水质保持较好，D项正确。
10．扎鲁比诺港位于日本海，有日本暖流流经，增温作用明显，冬季不结冰，故C项正确。
11．扎鲁比诺港扩建后，将为吉林省打开一条海上对外通道，吉林是我国玉米的主产区，故外运量将显著增加的农产品可能是玉米，A项正确。
12．（1）政府投资，政策优惠；非洲经济发展迅速，市场潜力大；园区光纤通信顺畅，基础设施完善；附近有高速公路、机场，铁路连接港口，交通便利；位于公园附近，环境优美；临近首都（有高等院校），人才相对集中（2）优先发展教育，培养高素质人才；出台优惠政策，吸引国内外高端人才；对企业政策扶持，鼓励科研创新；加强与国外合作，交流、学习，引入先进技术（3）产业结构升级，促进经济持续快速发展；缓解传统工业带来的资源过度消耗及环境污染问题；提供大量岗位，增加就业，并促使劳动力素质及技能提升；带动交通、通信等基础设施不断完善【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】整体分析：本题以孔扎科技城的建设为材料背景，考查工业的区位因素、区域经济发展的措施以及高科技工业园区建设的影响，题目新颖，难度一般，重点考查学生的材料信息提取能力和知识的迁移运用能力。
（1）工业区位分析应当从自然环境和社会经济条件进行分析。
材料信息中自然因素较少，集中分析社会经济因素即可，包括市场、交通、政策、基础设施等。
作为政府打造的科技园区，首先具有政策优势；其次位于非洲，市场潜力大；此外读图可知，附近有高速公路、机场，铁路连接港口，交通便利；位于公园附近，环境优美；临近首都（有高等院校），人才相对集中；由材料“该科技城一期已完成园区道路、光纤电缆、供水供电等设施的建设”可知，基础设施完善。
（2）人才及科技水平是制约孔扎科技城发展的重要因素，故解决区域经济发展的限制性因素应当从人才和科技两个因素入手分析。
人才和科技的不足可以从两方面的措施来解决，一方面是自主培养，一方面是从外部引进。
优先发展教育，培养高素质人才；出台优惠政策，吸引国内外高端人才；对企业政策扶持，鼓励科研创新；加强与国外合作，交流、学习，引入先进技术。
（3）由材料可知，“非洲硅谷”它的目标是吸引国际知名高科技企业落户，培育本土企业，推动信息技术和服务外包产业的发展，故“非洲硅谷”可以促进产业结构升级，促进经济持续快速发展；提供大量岗位，增加就业，并促使劳动力素质及技能提升；带动交通、通信等基础设施不断完善；此外，作为高新技术工业区而存在，可以缓解传统工业带来的资源过度消耗及环境污染问题。
13．（1）纬度高，气候冷湿，土壤冻结时间长；土层浅薄，酸性强，植物养分缺乏，肥力低，不适宜大面积农用（2）在火后初期，林下植被的生产力和物种丰富度在短期内迅速增加；并分别在火后15、25年达到顶点；其后林下植被的生产力和物种丰富度逐渐降低并趋于稳定（3）林火消耗了林冠层、林下植被层和枯枝落叶，降低森林郁闭度，使得林下部分获得充足的光照；燃烧后产生的碱性草木灰可降低土壤的酸性，提高土壤养分；导致土壤温度上升，改变温湿环境；森林凋落物降解加快，促进了养分的循环，林下植被快速生长造成生产力迅速增加（4）优势物种为灌木；原因：与草本植物、苔藓地衣相比，灌木的根较深，不易受到火的烧伤，火后快速生长成为优势物种【来源】【全国市级联考】广东省惠州市2019届高三第一次调研考试文综地理试题【解析】整体分析：本题以针叶林为材料背景，考查土壤条件对农业发展的影响、自然地理环境的整体性特征，难度较大，重在考查学生的材料信息提取能力和知识的迁移运用能力。