年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译
考研英语阅读UNIT 1
UNIT ONE TEXT ONETesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyo ne. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price.[C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal. 2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?[A] Retail chains.[B] Farmers.[C] Dairy companies.[D] Politicians3. The word “defiant” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.[A] resisiting[B] angry[C] deficient[D] confident4. We may infer from Morrisons’ statement that _____[A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business.[C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation. [D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____[A] biased.[B] objective.[C] sympathetic.[D] optimistic.篇章剖析：本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。
年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Ｏｆall ｔhe chaｎgｅs that have taｋen place in Englｉｓh-lａnguage nｅwspaperｓdｕriｎｇtｈe past quａｒteｒ-cｅnｔuｒy, perhaｐｓtｈe most far－reaｃhing ｈas been the ineｘorablｅdeclｉne in tｈe scope and serioｕsneｓｓof tｈeiｒaｒt ｓｃoverage．①It is difｆiculｔtｏthe pｏiｎt oｆimpossibiliｔｙfoｒthｅａvｅrage reader u ｎdｅr tｈe ａge of fｏrｔy to imaｇiｎe a time when hｉｇh-ｑｕａlity arｔs critiｃism ｃould ｂe founｄｉn mosｔbig-ｃitｙnewspaｐｅｒs. ②Ｙｅt a cｏnsiderable number of thｅmost significａnt ｃｏlｌecｔｉoｎs of criｔicism pｕblisｈed ｉｎthe２０th cｅntuｒy consistｅd in lａrgｅpartｏf ｎewspａｐer reｖiewｓ. ③To read such booｋs ｔodaｙis tｏmarvｅl aｔthｅfact ｔhat their ｌeａｒｎeｄｃoｎtents were onｃe deemｅd suiｔable for pｕbｌication iｎｇenｅraｌ-cｉrculａtion ｄailies.① Wｅare ｅven fartheｒrｅmoｖed frｏｍｔhe ｕnｆｏcｕｓed newｓpapeｒreviｅws pubｌished iｎＥｎglaｎd ｂeｔween thｅturｎof thｅ20tｈcｅｎtury and theｅve oｆWorlｄＷar ２,at a tiｍe whｅn newｓprintｗaｓｄｉrt-cｈｅap and stｙlish arｔs cｒiticｉsｍｗaｓｃoｎsidereｄaｎornamｅntｔo thｅpuｂlｉcａtions in wｈｉch it appeaｒed. ②In ｔhoｓe fａｒ-oｆf daｙs，it ｗas tａkeｎｆo ｒgrａnｔｅd ｔhat the ｃritiｃs oｆmajor pａpers would ｗｒitｅin ｄｅｔａil and at length about ｔhｅeventｓｔheｙｃovered. ③Theirｓｗａs aｓｅriｏus busineｓs. ａnｄeｖen ｔhosｅreｖｉews wｈo wore their learniｎｇｌｉgｈtly, lｉke George BerｎarｄＳhaｗａnd Eｒnｅｓt Ｎeｗmaｎ, ｃoulｄbｅｔｒｕsted tｏknｏｗwhａｔthｅy were about．④Tｈｅse mｅｎbeliｅvｅd in jouｒnaｌism aｓ a ca ｌling,and were proud to be pubｌiｓhedｉn ｔhｅdaily press. ⑤So feｗａutｈors haｖe brains ｅnough or liｔerａry gifｔeｎouｇh tｏkｅｅｐtheir oｗn ｅndｕp iｎｏｕrnalisｍ，Newｍａnｗrote, "thａｔI am temｐtｅｄto ｄeｆine "joｕｒnaliｓm" ａs ＂a ｔerｍｏｆcｏntempt applied by writers who areｎoｔread ｔo wrｉters wｈo are".①Unfortunａtely, tｈese ｃrｉtｉcsａrｅviｒtuallｙｆoｒgotｔｅn. ②Neville Cａrdus, ｗhｏｗrｏｔe foｒthe Mancｈester Guａrｄian ｆrom 1917ｕntil ｓhortly ｂefore his ｄeath ｉn 1975，ｉs ｎoｗknowｎsolely as ａwriｔer of essaｙs ｏn thｅgame of crｉckｅt．③During his ｌｉfeｔｉmｅ, thｏｕgｈ, he wａｓａlso one o ｆEnglａnd's ｆoremoｓt claｓsiｃaｌ-musiｃcｒｉtics，anｄａsｔylｉsｔｓo wi ｄely admirｅd ｔｈａt ｈiｓＡutobiｏgｒaphy (1947）ｂeｃame a besｔ-seller.④He was kｎiｇhtｅd in １967,the fiｒsｔmusic ｃrｉtiｃto bｅso hｏnｏred.⑤Yet ｏnly onｅｏf hｉs ｂookｓiｓnｏw ｉｎprｉｎt，and ｈis vａst ｂｏdy ｏｆwｒitingｓon ｍusic ｉｓuｎknowｎsａve to sｐeｃiａlｉｓtｓ.①Is there ａnｙchanｃｅthat Cａrdus＇s criｔiciｓｍwill enｊoｙａrｅvival? ②The prｏspect ｓeｅmｓreｍoｔｅ.③Journａｌistiｃtasteｓｈａd cｈanged lｏｎg beforｅhｉsｄeａth, and ｐosｔmodern readeｒｓｈaｖe litｔle usｅｆｏr the richly uphｏsteｒｅｄVicwaｒdｉan ｐrose in whicｈhe specｉalｉzeｄ.④Moreｏver,the aｍａteur traｄiｔｉonｉｎmｕsic critiｃism has bｅｅn iｎｈeadｌong reｔreat.全文翻译:在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译
2009Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try---the more we step outside our comfort zone---the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth, “habit” is claimed by being[A] casual [B] familiar [C] mechanical [D] changeable.22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habit can be[A] predicted [B] regulated [C] traced [D] guided23. The word “ruts” (Line 1, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to[A] tracks [B] series [C] characteristics [D] connections24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B] innovativeness could be taught[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D] curiosity activates creative minds25. Ryan ’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing[A] prevents new habits from being formed[B] no longer emphasizes commonness[C]maintains the inherent American thinking model[D] complies with the American belief system全文翻译：Text 1习惯是一种有趣的现象。
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解2021年考研英语一阅读理解部分的Text 1是关于海洋生物的文章。
下面是原文及逐句讲解：原文：Every year, millions of tons of seawater are lifted into the sky by hurricanes and typhoons, but little is known about how much water animals that live in the ocean can drink. In some ways, this seems like a silly question. After all, fish are surrounded by water, so why would they need to drink it? But the truth is that even though fish live in water, they still need to be able to drink to get enough fluids to survive.逐句讲解：1. Every year, millions of tons of seawater are lifted into the sky by hurricanes and typhoons, but little is known about how much water animals that live in the ocean can drink.每年，数百万吨的海水被飓风和台风升入空中，但对于生活在海洋中的动物能喝多少水知之甚少。
2. In some ways, this seems like a silly question.从某些方面来说，这似乎是个愚蠢的问题。
3. After all, fish are surrounded by water, so why would they need to drink it?毕竟，鱼被水所包围，为什么它们还需要喝水呢？4. But the truth is that even though fish live in water, they still need to be able to drink to get enough fluids to survive. 但事实是，尽管鱼生活在水中，但它们仍然需要喝水以获得足够的液体来生存。
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析2021Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。
当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。
这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。
但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, anHIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。
1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。
考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析【中国1考网】郭庆民阅读理解第一篇及译文与疑难长句注解和题解To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled byconverting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population bees more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year pared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailingin every other year.Measures of “needs” shade into measure of the human and physical enviro____ent in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical enviro____ent—purity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to bine robberies and murdersin a crime index; to bine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to bine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the “goodness” of the distribution of ine. There is surely consensus that given the same total ine and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, stateof the enviro____ent, we could not pute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to bine them.1. The author?s primary concern is to .［C］ show defects in a proposal ［D］ review literature relevant to a problem2. The author implies that man?hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it .［A］ ignores the conditions under which the output is generated［B］ fails to take into consideration theenviro____ental costs of production［C］ is not an effective method for reducing unemployment3. The most important reason why a single index of welfare cannot be designed is that .［A］ the cost associated with producing the index would be prohibitive［B］ considerable empirical research would have to be done regarding output and needs［C］ any weighting of various measures into a general index would be inherently subjective ［D］ accurate statistics on crime and pollution are not yet available4. An adequate measure of need must take into account all of the following EXCEPT .［A］ change effects on people of the weather［B］ differences in needs of urban and suburban populations［C］ changing requirements for gover____ental programs such as defense［D］ accessibility of park land and other premises5. The author regards the idea of a general index of welfare as .［A］ an unrealistic dream［B］ an important contribution［C］ a future necessity［D］ a desirable change1.index n.指数2.welfare ?n.福利3.well off 富裕的，顺利的4.construct vt.构造，创立5.press n.报刊；通讯社6.Gross National Product(ion) 国民消费总值(GNP)7.convert vt.转换；使改变信仰8.evaluate vt.评价，评估9.incur vt.招致，引起，惹起10.aspect n.方面11.handle vt.处理，运用12.per capita 每人的，人均的13.assumption n.假定，设想；承当14.other things equal 假定其他情况不变的话15.account for 说明；占16.prevail vi.盛行；胜过，占优势17.accessibility n.可接近性，获得的可能性18.deficient a.缺乏的；不完善的19.robbery n.抢劫，盗窃20.distribution n.分配，分发；销售21.consensus n.一致意见，共识22.pute vt.计算，估计1.enormously非常，宏大地2.desirability愿望，希求3.determinant决定因素4.real cost实际本钱5.involuntarily不情愿地，无意地6.vitally极为，生死攸关地7.urbanize使都市化8.suburbanize使市郊化9.shade into逐渐变为1.A glance at it would … index.(第一段)better off是well off(富裕的，处境好的)的比拟级形式，worse off与之意思相反。
考研英语阅读理解详解(第一篇)(英语一)
考研英语网课第一节1，Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks在英国的金融机构已经对各大银行的高管强制了一个相当不同寻常的规定。
简化版：Many teachers in the city have imposed a rather reasonable rule on the students of most schools词汇：1，impose 强制实行，推行，unusual 不寻常的，罕见的regulator 监管机构，监管者，financial 财政的，金融的，Britain英国，rule规则，boss 高管，bank银行2，Starting next year，any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing从明年开始，如果其所在银行因不当行为受到调查，任何保证给高管人员的奖金都有可能延迟10年发放。
简化版：Starting next week ，any guaranteed rewards of the personnel could be delayed 1 month if their companies areunder investigation for wrongdoing词汇：guarantee 保证，确保，bonus奖金，红利，executive 管理人员，经理，delay延迟，推迟，延期，investigation 调查，wrongdoing 不法行为，坏事3，The main purpose of this “clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions该项“回收款”规定的主要目的是让银行家们对有害的冒险行为负责，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。
考研英语阅读理解真题2001-2010翻译
2001 Passage 1专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
通过将学科细化，个人能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。
但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。
另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分：任何规律都有其例外。
但是“业余”这个词的确具有特殊的含义，那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，具体地说，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。
19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。
特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物进行比较，我们不但发现人们对研究的重视程度在不断增加，而且人们对可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。
因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就可形成一种有价值的研究；而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受，那么它越来越倾向于必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌。
另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。
其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强，这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。
这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。
类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。
然而，从科学这个整体来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。
2001 Passage 2今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；这个差异确实存在，我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 1Text Translation:The origins of the cultural movement known as the Renaissance can be traced back to Italy in the 14th century. This period witnessed a significant revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, leading to the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts. The Renaissance embraced the idea that humans were capable of achieving great things and emphasized the importance of individualism, humanism, and secularism.One of the most prominent figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, whose talents spanned various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering. Da Vinci's famous artwork, the Mona Lisa, is arguably one of the most well-known paintings in the world. His other notable works include The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.Another influential figure during this period was Michelangelo, known for his magnificent sculptures and frescoes. The statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are among his most renowned creations. Michelangelo's dedication to depicting the human form with such realism and emotion exemplified the ideals of the Renaissance.The Renaissance also brought about significant advancements in literature. Petrarch, often referred to as the "father of humanism," was arenowned Italian poet and scholar. His sonnets and letters inspired a new wave of poetic expression and influenced subsequent generations of writers.In the realm of science, the Renaissance saw a departure from medieval beliefs and a resurgence of interest in empirical observation and experimentation. Figures such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevalent religious and philosophical doctrines.In conclusion, the Renaissance was a transformative period in European history, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, and science. It emphasized human potential and individual achievements, paving the way for immense cultural and intellectual progress.Answer Key to the Exercises:Exercise 1:1. c) classical Greek and Roman texts2. a) individualism, humanism, and secularism3. d) painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering4. b) The Last Supper5. c) statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel6. b) Petrarch7. d) astronomy8. a) empirical observation and experimentationExercise 2:1. The cultural movement known as the Renaissance had its origins in Italy in the 14th century.2. The Renaissance witnessed a revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, along with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts.3. Leonardo da Vinci was a prominent figure of the Renaissance, excelling in various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.4. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works, along with The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.5. Michelangelo was another influential figure during the Renaissance, famous for his sculptures and frescoes, including the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.6. Petrarch, considered the "father of humanism," was a renowned Italian poet and scholar, whose sonnets and letters inspired a new era of poetic expression.7. The Renaissance marked a departure from medieval beliefs and a renewed focus on empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.8. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler were notable scientists of the Renaissance, making significant discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevailing religious and philosophical ideas.Exercise 3:1. The Renaissance originated in Italy during the 14th century, with a revival of interest in arts, literature, and science.2. Leonardo da Vinci's talents extended to various fields, including painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.3. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings, alongside The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.4. Michelangelo's renowned sculptures and frescoes include the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.5. Petrarch, known as the "father of humanism," had a significant impact on poetry and literature.6. The Renaissance brought about a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.7. Prominent scientists of the Renaissance, such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy.In summary, the Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century led to a revival of arts, literature, and science. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch played crucial roles in shaping this cultural movement. Additionally, the Renaissance marked a turning point in scientific methods, with scientists like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler challenging established beliefs through empirical observation and experimentation. The impact of the Renaissance on European history cannot be overstated, as it ushered in an era of significant cultural and intellectual progress.。
2013年考研外语阅读理解全文 翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。
该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。
说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to seeclothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么 The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。
2000-2001年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译
2001 Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrate d into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveal s not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represent ed worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of referee ing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delay ed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckon ed as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
2020年考研英语一阅读译文
2020年考研英语一阅读译文考研英语一阅读理解是考研英语重要的一部分，对于备考的同学来说，掌握阅读技巧和提升翻译能力至关重要。
以下是一篇2020年考研英语一阅读理解的译文。
Passage 1While researchers have studied farmers' markets for the past 20 years, studying not-for-profit food hubs is fairly new. For 15 years, the Food Hub Management Program at Michigan State University has helped organizations start and operate food hubs. Dr. Rich Pirog, who directs the program, has just edited a book on food hubs."The interest in local food systems is driving the increased attention to food hubs," says Pirog, who began studying farmers markets in the late 1990s. "Food hubs are about bringing agriculture back to cities and more populated areas."Pirog points to the huge amount of economic power of food sales in this country - $650 billion a year - and says, "A little bit of that localizes food to smaller areas. Ten percent is $65 billion. How do we get there?"To answer this question, he has begun a three-year project funded by the US Department of Agriculture, looking at the impact of food hubs, compared to farmers markets and conventional intermediaries, on the local economy.Food hubs are a fairly new concept. Some are for-profit, like Bon Appetit Management Company, which brings local food to collegecampuses like MSU. Some are not-for-profit, like Twin Cities-based The Good Acre, which focuses on serving low-income people who can't get to farmers markets.Food hubs can be both physical and virtual. They can be big, like the Chicago South Water Market, which has hundreds of farmers, sells $2 billion a year and has a physical connection to residential, retail and restaurant sectors. Or they can be small physical spaces like the MSU Student Organic Farm, which only sells a portion of its food.Pirog has ended the first phase of the project, which focused on synthesizing research on local food. Michigan State University researchers found that food hubs can create jobs and impact regional economies. They also found that they carry food that meets consumer demand and improves access to healthy food.Pirog and his team spent the past year reaching out to food hubs around the country to collect sales, employment and other data. They're studying 50 food hubs, in total. This summer, the team is entering the second phase of the project, looking at consumer behavior and attitudes about local food and food systems.译文如下：第一篇虽然研究人员在过去20年里一直在研究农民市场，但对于非营利性食品中心的研究还是相对较新的。
研究生英语UNIT1译文
• 核心员工究竟是什么样子的？几乎每次进行调 查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到‚核心员工‛ 这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究 的人事部经理，给我解释一下。‚每家公司都 有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你 可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有 七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么 两三个人是我赖以生存的，‛他说，‚他们对 我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们 招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司 找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 我们只招募核心员工。‛
特征4：善于处理人际关系
• 瑞克・李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。 李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我 向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角 色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很 大的作用。‚科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技 术上的敏锐感，‛他说，‚但为企业工作需要完 全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企 业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资 源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知 识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人 际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。‛
特征3：风险容忍度 • 企业要求员工能承受风险。‚一名求 职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整 的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必 须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出 结论,”一位客户在职业描述中写道。
9
• 豪特赞同这一说法。‚商业成功通常有这样一个 特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人 的、组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感 到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而 严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由 找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。 因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需 要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你 认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。 像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在 他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。‛
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。
1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。
"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解
2021年考研英语一,阅读text1原文及逐句讲解2021年考研英语一阅读部分的Text1是一篇议论文，题目是'The Problem With Facts'。
下面是原文及逐句讲解。
原文：We live in an age of misinformation. Facts are dismissed, experts are distrusted, and conspiracy theories are embraced. In this climate, it is tempting to argue that facts don't matter anymore. But they do.逐句讲解：1. We live in an age of misinformation. （我们生活在一个信息误导的时代。
）- 这句话指出了我们现在所处的时代充斥着错误信息和误导信息。
2. Facts are dismissed, experts are distrusted, and conspiracy theories are embraced. （事实被忽视，专家受到怀疑，阴谋论被接受。
）- 这是在描述当今社会中的现象，人们对事实不再重视，不信任专家，而接受各种阴谋论。
3. In this climate, it is tempting to argue that facts don't matter anymore. （在这种氛围下，有人很容易认为事实不再重要。
） - 这句话指出了在当前的社会氛围下，人们很容易会认为事实已经不再重要。
4. But they do. （但实际上不是这样。
）- 这句话给出了作者的观点，认为事实仍然很重要。
上述原文讲述了我们生活在一个信息误导的时代，人们对事实不再重视，不信任专家，而接受各种阴谋论。
在这种情况下，有人可能会认为事实已经不再重要。
考研英语一阅读翻译完整版
考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]T e x t1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
2006~2014年考研真题英语阅读理解翻译
2006 text 1不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。
这就是民主化的着装和话语的统一以及十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的随意消费及没有消费的活动。
他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设亲情商店，而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。
这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。
大众传媒、广告和体育也是协助人们均质化的推动力。
尽管这种文化一点也不高雅，但也不是完全有害的，移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化。
Gregory Rodriguez为美国移民研讨会撰文指出，今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平，也不抵制同化。
在1998年，移民占全国人口的9.8%；在1900年为13.6%。
在1990年以前的十年之中，在每千位居民当中，有3.1位新来的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中，每千位居民当中就有9.2位移民。
现在，让我们来看一下三个同化指标——语言、拥有产权住房和异族结婚情况。
1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量最多的国家的移民在到美国十年后英语说得‘好’或‘很好’。
”移民的子女几乎都说两种语言，且精通英语。
“到了第三代，在大多数移民家庭，他们的母语就消失了。
”因此，有人就把美国描述成了“语言的坟场”。
到了1965年，出生于国外的、在1970年以前到达美国的移民有75.6%购置了自己的住房，这个数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比——69.8%。
在国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比，与异族通婚的比率要高。
”到了第三代，有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔男性结婚，而有41%亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结婚。
Rodriguez注意到，世界边远地区的儿童是诸如阿诺德•施瓦辛格和加斯•布鲁克斯等超级明星的星迷，而“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并不受美国的同化力量的影响。
”在美国是否存在不和以及潜在的不安？答案是肯定的，而且问题的严重性足以超越其他事宜。
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2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。
该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。
说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.在2006年上映的“穿普拉达的女王（直译，不过我更欣赏另外一个译名，时尚女魔）”中，由梅丽尔斯特里普（人名不必译出）出演的米兰达普利斯特里臭骂她那个倒霉助手的原因就一个，不解风情（unattractive 一词我移到了这里，不然放在前面前后叠句，削弱语言效果），居然不懂时尚。
普利斯特里宣称，这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的，这种款式（sweater，美式俚语中指紧身上衣）早就扔到箱子底了（from fashion shows to department stores and to thebargain bin，直译为从时装展销到百货商店到地摊，即一落千丈之意）。
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.时装行业有自己的规矩（top-down，组织严密的），既不能太老套（outof date，固定搭配，过时），也不能像伊丽莎白席琳在历时三年完成的《时尚》一书中所指责（indictment，判决，但书中的观点显然不是法律）的，搞什么快速时尚，那纯粹是赌这个世界疯不疯（odds，机会，多用于赌博）。
尤其是近十年，科技的进步使得Zara、H&M、Uniqlo等世界各大时装厂商能够更快更准确地对市场需求做出反馈，这也就意味着更快捷的设计（原意为更少浪费的发明，或者说更节俭，但浪费有两种情况，一是物资，一是时间，结合上文的快速，这里指时间），更多次的展示（release有展出之意），更丰厚的利润。
那些吓人的（补句，译注）服装品牌使得脑袋发热的追新族们把服装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么说。
这等于几星期就要重填一次衣柜。
席琳坚称，时装厂商们就靠着玩弄这些只配白菜价的时尚潮流（dirt-cheap，非常廉价），把所有相关产业全都绑在了他们的车上（意译，直译为使所有产业服从于一种周期性变化）。
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.这么做（revolution有革命之意，也是国内英语教材通用的意思，但这里显然不是革命，联系上文周期性变化就能知道，此处指它的另外一个意思，旋转，即频繁更新），折腾的不光是服装设计师。
以H&M为例，他们在全球有2300多家分店，若想同时推出一款售价为5.95美元的超短裙（还能挣到钱，补句），只能从海外劳工的工资上下手，而且，生产过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。
“Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.席琳认为，快速时尚其实就是迈克尔·波伦（美国专栏作家，他认为由于人口大量增加，工业化农业运作与人自身需求的满足产生了矛盾，译注）《杂食动物的困境》一书中所提问题在服装界的镜像，就和快餐一样，纯属用来填饱肚子的，既不好吃也不好看（此句的快速时尚稍难理解，它指的是快速时尚的另外一层含义，由于频繁更新而导致的浪费）。
她算了算，美国人一年购置服装多达二百亿件，相当于每人六十四件，不管这些衣服后来用处如何，光这样大规模生产本身就是浪费。
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.在书末，席琳介绍了一个人，家住布鲁克林（纽约一个区，可能人们最熟悉的是布鲁克林大桥，译注）的SKB（此处可能有误，因为美国人姓名可以用简写，但作为礼节，简写后面必然有点号，而且姓氏应该指出，估计是出题时遗漏或者枪版之误，译注），这位女士自2008年就一直自己缝衣裁布，而且做的不错。
不过席琳也承认，博蒙特（Beaumont，即上句所说的SKB）的手艺花了几十年才学会，以她做例子，难以服众（knock off固定搭配，去除，这个词组有个很少见的意思，成交，本文用的这个）。
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainablywhen they can’t afford to it.几大时装厂商，都在设法减轻劳工和环境的压力，H&M甚至发起了“自觉环保”行动（Conscious Collection是H&M设计的一个时装系列，更多采用比如棉布等天然材料，以利于环保，译注），不过席琳认为除非消费者们改变观念，否则还是白费力气（effect可用作动词，指达到目的）。
席琳的理念从可持续发展的角度是对的，但有些理想化。
毕竟虚荣心人皆有之。