中学生百科英语U U
中学生百科英语1-U2-L2-Why Do People Laugh
U2 - How? Why?: Lesson 2 - Why Do People Laugh?Do you laugh every day? Most people do. Scientists say that people laugh about 17 times a day. That is a lot of laughter.In India, there are hundreds of laughter clubs. The people in these clubs get together every morning. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they pretend to laugh. Soon everyone is laughing naturally.People say they feel good after laughing together.Scientists believe that laughter is good for you. Why? For one thing, laughter is good exercise. When you laugh, you exercise many muscles in your body. Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running. When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This helps you relax. That's good for you, too.Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer. We know that people laugh more often in a group. They don't laugh very often when they are alone. Many scientists believe that we use laughter to connect to other people. Laughter helps us feel part of a group.In English, people say that laughter is the best medicine. Some think that laughter helps sick people get well. Do you think so, too? (194 words)中学生百科英语1-第二单元How? Why? 1。
中学生百科英语1-U1-L3
U1-Animal : Lesson 3 - The Polar BearThe polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole, there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because its coat is yellow-white. It has a very warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle.This bear is three meters long, and it weighs 450 kilos (kilograms). It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid.Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of the United States and Russia say that no one can kill polar bears now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.(200 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。
中学生百科英语1第五单元lesson2
中学生百科英语1第五单元lesson2全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Teenagers' Encyclopedia English 1 Unit 5 Lesson 2Introduction:Welcome to Teenagers' Encyclopedia English 1! In this unit, we will be exploring various interesting topics related to science, technology, and the environment. In Lesson 2, we will be focusing on the impact of climate change on the planet and what we can do to help mitigate its effects.Climate Change:Climate change refers to the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. This change is primarily caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a gradual increase in the Earth's temperature.Effects of Climate Change:The effects of climate change are wide-reaching and can be seen in various aspects of our environment. One of the most significant impacts is the melting of polar ice caps, leading to a rise in sea levels and threatening coastal communities. Additionally, extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.Helping Mitigate Climate Change:As teenagers, there are several ways in which we can help mitigate the effects of climate change. One of the most important actions we can take is to reduce our carbon footprint by using energy-efficient appliances, carpooling, and recycling. Additionally, we can support renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, which do not produce greenhouse gases.Conclusion:In conclusion, climate change is a serious issue that requires immediate action from all of us. By making small changes in our daily lives and supporting sustainable practices, we can help protect our planet for future generations. Remember, every little effort counts in the fight against climate change!篇2Welcome to the world of animals! In this lesson, we will explore the amazing world of animals and learn about their characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. Let's dive in!Animals are a fascinating group of organisms that come in all shapes and sizes. From the tiny ant to the majestic lion, animals are an essential part of our ecosystem. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature and are essential for the well-being of our planet.One of the key characteristics of animals is their ability to move. Unlike plants, animals have the ability to move from one place to another in search of food, shelter, or mates. This ability to move makes animals incredibly diverse and adaptable to different environments.Animals also have a wide range of habitats, from the vast oceans to the dense rainforests. Each animal is uniquely adapted to its environment, with special features that help them survive and thrive. For example, polar bears have thick fur coats and layers of fat to keep them warm in the freezing Arctic, while camels have humps to store water in the hot desert.In addition to their physical characteristics, animals also exhibit a wide range of behaviors. From hunting and foraging to mating and raising young, animals have complex socialstructures and interactions. For example, elephants live intight-knit family groups led by a matriarch, while wolves hunt in packs to take down large prey.However, not all animals are the same. Some animals are domesticated and live alongside humans as pets or livestock. Dogs, cats, and horses are some of the most common domesticated animals, providing companionship, protection, and help with farm work.Overall, animals are an integral part of our world and have a lot to teach us about the beauty and diversity of life. So the next time you see a bird flying overhead or a squirrel scurrying up a tree, take a moment to appreciate the wonders of the animal kingdom.篇3Lesson 2 of Unit 5 in High School Encyclopedia English 1 is titled "The Solar System". In this lesson, students will learn about the sun, the eight planets in our solar system, and other celestial bodies such as moons, asteroids, and comets. Let's delve into the fascinating world of our cosmic neighborhood!The sun is the center of our solar system and the source of heat and light for all the planets. It is a massive ball of hot gasthat is about 93 million miles away from Earth. The sun's energy is created through a process called nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms are converted into helium. The sun’s gravity holds the entire solar system in orbit around it.Moving outwards from the sun, the first planet in our solar system is Mercury. It is the smallest and closest planet to the sun. Mercury has a rocky surface and no atmosphere to speak of. It is also the fastest planet, completing its orbit around the sun in just 88 Earth days.Next is Venus, often called Earth's sister planet because of its similar size and composition. However, Venus has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide that traps heat, making it the hottest planet in our solar system. Surface temperatures can reach a scorching 870 degrees Fahrenheit!Earth is the third planet from the sun and the only one known to support life. It has a diverse range of ecosystems and unique features like oceans, mountains, and a variety of climates. Earth also has a natural satellite, the moon, which orbits around it.Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its reddish color. Mars has a thin atmosphere and is home to the largest volcano in the solarsystem, Olympus Mons. Scientists believe that Mars may have once had water on its surface, leading to speculation about the possibility of past life on the planet.The fifth planet from the sun is Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. It is a gas giant with a thick atmosphere and a turbulent surface marked by massive storms, including the famous Great Red Spot. Jupiter also has a large number of moons, with the four largest known as the Galilean moons.Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and is known for its stunning ring system. These rings are made up of ice particles and small rocks, creating a beautiful and distinctive feature that sets Saturn apart from the other planets. Saturn also has over 80 moons, with Titan being the largest and most well-known.Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and is unique in that it rotates on its side, causing its north and south poles to point towards and away from the sun at different times. Uranus is an icy giant with a blue-green color due to the presence of methane in its atmosphere.Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the sun. It is a frigid world with a deep blue coloration and strong winds that can reach speeds of over 1,200 miles per hour. Neptune has asystem of rings and 14 known moons, the largest of which is Triton.In addition to the planets, our solar system also contains other celestial bodies such as moons, asteroids, and comets. Moons are natural satellites that orbit planets and come in a variety of sizes and compositions. Asteroids are rocky bodies that orbit the sun, with most located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are icy bodies that originate from the outer solar system and have long tails of gas and dust when they approach the sun.Studying the solar system provides us with a greater understanding of the universe and our place within it. By exploring the planets, moons, and other celestial bodies, we can learn more about the processes that shaped our solar system and continue to shape the cosmos. The mysteries of the universe are endless, and the more we learn about it, the more awe and wonder it inspires in us.In conclusion, Lesson 2 of Unit 5 in High School Encyclopedia English 1 introduces students to the wonders of the solar system. By learning about the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, students gain a deeper appreciation for the vastness and complexity of the universe. The study ofastronomy not only expands our knowledge but also fuels our curiosity and imagination about the cosmos. Let us continue to explore and discover the secrets of the universe, one celestial body at a time.。
中学生百科英语
中学生百科英语2:Thoughts& Notions01 The Zipper02 The Postage Stamp03 Pencils and Pens04 The Umbrella05 The Metric System06 Thai Boxing07 Sumo Wrestling08Tarahumara Foot Races09 Olympic Sports10 Greatathletes11 The Puffer Fish12 Foods from Around the World13 Chocolate14 The Blue Revolution15 Twenty-One Days Without Food16 The Marie Celeste17 The Roanoke Settlement18 The Easter Island Statues19 The Tunguska Fireball20Mystery of the Monarchs21 The History of Money22 Mass Marketing23 Inflation24 Doing Business Around the World25 Credit Cards1 The ZipperThe zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippers?They are very common, so we forget that they are wonderful. They are very strong,but they open and close very easily. They come in many colors and sizes.In the 1890s, people in the United States wore high shoes with a long row of buttons. Clothes often had rows of buttons, too. People wished that clothes were easier to put on and take off.Whitcomb L. Judson, an engineer from the United States, invented the zipper in 1893. However, his zippers didn't stay closed very well. This was embarrassing, and people didn't buy many of them. Then Dr. Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem. His zipper stayed closed.A zipper has three parts: 1.Thereare dozens of metal or plastic hooks (called teeth) in two rows. 2. These hooks are fastened to two strips of cloth. The cloth strips are flexible. They bend easily. 3. A fastener slides along and joins the hooks together.When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart.Dr. Sundback put the hooks on strips of cloth. The cloth holds all the hooks in place. They don't come apart very easily. This solved the problem of the first zippers.(212 words)2 The Postage StampBefore the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult to send a letter to another country. The sender paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country.Then the person in the other country paid for the rest of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries, the problem was worse.Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with glue on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. They were the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters, they didn't have to pay anything. The postage was prepaid.Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain immediately. Other countries started making their own postage stamps very quickly.There were still problems with international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with stamps from other countries. Finally, in 1874, a German organized the Universal Postal Union (UPU). Each country in the UPU agreed to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members. Today, the offices of the UPU are in Switzerland. Almost every country in the world is a member of this organization. It takes care of any international mail problems.Today, post offices in every country sell beautiful stamps. Collecting stamps is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, and every stamp collector knows about the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue.(250 words)3 Pencils and PensNo one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark gray metal.) Pencils weren't popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens.Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite, and they became very popular. Graphite is like coal. (Coal is black, and we burn it for heat and energy.) Today, people make pencils in the same way. They grind the graphite, make it into the shape of a stick, and bake it. Then they put it inside a piece of wood. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long.People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again.Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen.They left Hungary and started making ballpoint pens in England in 1943, during World War II. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn't write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros' company.Some people call ballpoint pens "Bics." Australians call them "biros." Whatever we call them, we use them every day.(256 words)4 The UmbrellaThe umbrella is a very ordinary object. It keeps the rain and the sun off people.Most umbrellas fold up, so it is easy to carry them.However, the umbrella has not always been an ordinary object. In the past, it was a sign of royalty or importance. Some African tribes still use umbrellas in this way.Someone carries an umbrella and walks behind the king or important person.Umbrellas are very old. The Chinese had them more than 3,000 years ago. From there, umbrellas traveled to India, Persia, and Egypt. In Greece and Rome, men wouldn't use them. They believed umbrellas were only for women.When the Spanish explorers went to Mexico, they saw the Aztec kings using umbrellas. English explorers saw Native American princes carrying umbrellas on the east coast of North America. It seems that people in different parts of the world invented umbrellas at different times.England was probably the first country in Europe where ordinary people used umbrellas against the rain. England has a rainy climate, and umbrellas are very useful there.Everybody uses umbrellas today. The next time you carry one, remember that for centuries only great men and women used them. Perhaps you are really a king or queen, a princess or prince.(210 words)5 The Metric SystemPeople all over the world use grams, kilograms (kilos), meters, and liters. These are all ways to measure things. They are all part of the metric system.During the French Revolution (1789-1799) against the king, the revolutionary government started the metric system. Before that, every part of France had a different system for measuring things. Also, cloth makers measured cloth with one system. Jewelers used another system. Carpenters used another. Other countries used different systems. The revolutionary government wanted one scientific system of measurement. They asked a group of scientists and mathematicians to invent a system.The mathematicians and scientists decided to use the numbers ten, hundred, and thousand for their system.Next, they had to decide on a "natural" length. They chose one ten-millionth (1/ 10,000,000) of the distance from the equator to the North Pole. They called this distance the meter. Then they chose the gram for weighing things. A cubic centimeter of water weighs 1 gram.Mathematicians and scientists worked for 20 years until they finally had a complete measuring system. The biggest problem was measuring the meter.The metric system was a wonderful gift to the world. There are only a few countries that don't use it. The United States is one. The metric system is truly an international system.(214 words)6 Thai BoxingBoxing is popular in many countries. Two fighters wear boxing gloves on their hands. The boxers hit each other until one is knocked out or until the final bell rings.Each part of the fight is three minutes long. It is called a round.Thai boxing is different.The boxing match begins with music. Then the two fighters kneel and pray to God. Next, they do a slow dance that copies the movements of Thai boxing. During this dance, each fighter tries to show the other that he is best.Then the fight begins. In Thai boxing, the fighters can kick with their feet and hit each other with their elbows and knees. Of course, they hit with their hands, too.Each round is three minutes long. Then the boxers have a two-minute rest. Most boxers can fight only five rounds because this kind of fighting is very difficult.Thai boxing began over 500 years ago. If a soldier lost his weapons in a battle, he needed to fight with just his body. The soldiers learned how to use all the parts of their bodies. In 1560, the Burmese army captured Naresuen, the King of Thailand, in a war. King Naresuen was a very good boxer. He won his freedom from Burma by defeating all the best Burmese fighters. When he returned to Thailand, his people were very proud of him. Thai boxing became a popular sport.(237 words)7 Sumo WrestlingSumo wrestling is a national sport in Japan. Every year there are six tournaments,and millions of Japanese watch them on television. A tournament is a series of matches.Sumo is almost as old as the nation of Japan itself. Stories say that there was sumo wrestling over 2,000 years ago. There are written records of national sumo tournaments in the 8th century.In many sports, athletes are thin and can move very quickly. However, sumo wrestlers weigh from 100 to 160 kilos (kilograms). One famous wrestler weighed 195kilos. Sumo wrestlers do not move quickly, and sumo wrestling is a very slow sport.Sumo wrestlers start training when they are boys. They exercise to make their bodies strong. They also eat a lot.They wrestle in a round ring with a sand floor. A wrestler loses the match if he leaves the ring. He is also the loser if any part of his body except his feet touches the floor. Each wrestler tries to push the other down on the floor or out of the ring.Sometimes one wrestler just steps aside when the other wrestler rushes toward him.Then, the wrestler who is rushing falls down or moves out of the ring.Sumo is not very popular in other countries, but the Japanese think that it is a very exciting sport.(223 words)8Tarahumara Foot RacesThe Tarahumara live in the mountains in the state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. This is an area of high mountains and deep tropical valleys. It sometimes snows in the mountains in winter. There are not many roads.The Tarahumara walk wherever they need to go. They carry heavy baskets on their backs. Perhaps this is why the Tarahumara can run many kilometers without getting tired. They are excellent runners, and they like to organize races.When the men race,they kick a wooden ball ahead of them while they run. Before they start racing, they plan where and how long they will run. They might run just a few minutes, or they might run for several hours. Sometimes they run in teams, and sometimes each person runs as an individual.The women's races are similar except that the women do not kick a ball. They throw a wooden hoop in front of them with a stick. A hoop is a ring, or a circle.The Tarahumara play other games and sports. However, they are famous because they can run so fast and so far.(185 words)9 Olympic SportsThe first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in the year 1896.Athletes from only 13 countries participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing,gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the summer Olympic Games took place once again in Athens, Greece. This time athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28 sports.Only five sports have been in every Olympic Games. They are track and field,swimming, fencing, cycling, and gymnastics. Other sports come and go in the Olympic Games. For example, tennis was an Olympic sport from 1896 until 1924.Then it disappeared from the Olympics until 1988. Baseball, badminton, and taekwondo are more recent additions to the Olympic Games.It is the job of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to add and remove sports from the Olympic Games. A sport has to be popular in at least 50 countries on three continents before it can be added. However, the IOC doesn't want to add more sports to the Olympic Games without eliminating others. The IOC is afraid that there will be too many sports in the Olympics.Artistic events were also a part of the Olympic Games from 1912 to 1948. There were contests in architecture, music, literature, and painting. Today some people think that artistic events and games such as chess should be part of the Olympics.However, many people oppose this idea.The Olympic Games today are very different from the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. These differences reflect the changing definition and popularity of sports.(273 words)10 Great AthletesYou might think that Olympic athletes are the healthiest people in the world. It's true that many are. However, it's also true that quite a few Olympic athletes had to overcome illnesses early in their lives.One excellent example is Wilma Rudolph. She competed in track-and-field events in the 1960 Olympics. She didn't win just one gold medal. She won three. At the time, people called her "the fastest woman in the world."As a young child, Wilma Rudolph could not participate in sports. She had a series of serious illnesses, and then, at the age of 4, she got polio. She lost the use of her left leg, and the doctors said she would never walk again.The people in Rudolph's family did everything they could to help her walk again.Wilma and her mother frequently traveled 100 miles to get treatments for her leg. Her brothers and sisters took turns giving her leg a daily massage. Four times a day, they helped her do special exercises for her leg. Amazingly, by the time Rudolph was 9years old, she was able to walk again. Before long, she started playing basketball and running. In high school, she was a track star, and then she went to the Olympics.Wilma Rudolph retired from her career as a runner when she was 22 years old.She then became a teacher and track coach. Her story encouraged many people to work hard and to overcome difficulties.(244 words)11The Puffer FishMost people avoid eating dangerous foods. They don't want to get sick. However,there is one food that can be deadly, yet some people eat it on purpose. It's called the puffer fish.This kind of fish, called fugu in Japanese, lives in the Pacific Ocean. Some people die every year from eating fugu. In fact, the Emperor of Japan is not allowed to touch it. Why? Well, the insides of the puffer fish are very poisonous. They contain a poison 275 times more powerful than the deadly poison cyanide.Usually nothing bad happens when fugu is on a restaurant's menu. Customers feel great after the meal. That's because chefs are trained to remove the insides of the puffer fish before they give it to customers. If they miss even a small amount, the fish is not safe to eat.Puffer fish is very expensive. A plate of fugu costs more than $200 in some restaurants in Tokyo. Besides being dangerous to eat, the fish is very ugly, with spines all over its body. Also, it can puff, or blow, itself up to double its normal size.Why do the Japanese risk so much for such an ugly and dangerous fish? Well, some people like taking risks. And fugu tastes wonderful.(211 words)12 Foods from Around the WorldFoods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries. Tourists and other travelers almost always get to try some unfamiliar food.That is part of the fun of traveling. Here are four people's experiences with foreign food.Shao Wong is a student in France. He comes from China. "I never had cheese or even milk before I came to France. Cattle are rare in my part of China, so there are no dairy products. I drank some milk when I first arrived in France.I hated it ! I tried cheese, too, but I didn't like it. I love ice cream, though, and that's made from milk."Birgit is from Sweden. She traveled to Australia on vacation. "I was in a restaurant that specialized in fish, and I heard some other customers order flake. So I ordered some, too, and it was delicious. Later, I found out that flake is an Australian term for shark. Now, whenever I see a new food, I try it on purpose. You know why? I remember how much I enjoyed flake."Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is from India. "I'm afraid to try new foods because they might contain beef. I'm a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat from the cow. That's why I can't eat hamburgers or spaghetti with meatballs."Nathan is from the United States. He taught for a year in China. "My friends gave me some 100-year-old eggs to eat. I didn't like their appearance at all. The eggs were green inside, but my friends said the color was normal. The Chinese put chemicals on fresh eggs. Then they bury them in the earth for three months. So the eggs weren't really very old. Even so, I didn't want to touch them."Life in a new country can be scary, but it also can be fun. Would you eat a 100-year-old egg? Would you order shark in a restaurant?(328 words)13 ChocolateWe think of chocolate as something sweet. However, a long time ago, people thought of chocolate as something very bitter. For us, chocolate is a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack.Sometimes it's an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. Cacao beans taste so bitter that even monkeys say "ugh!" and run away. The word chocolate comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some of the Mayas used cacao beans for money, while others ground them to make a bitter drink.When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the 16th century, they started drinking cacao, too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine.When the Spaniards took the drink back to Europe, people discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. Wealthy Spaniards heated the sweet drink and thought that it was good for their health.In the 19th century, an English company made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Now people could both drink and eat chocolate. Later, a Swiss company mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate-chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.(280 words)14 The Blue RevolutionThe population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2020, there could be 7.5billion people on earth. Will there be enough food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could solve this problem.However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems.Fish farming is not a new thing. There were fish farms in China 3,000 years ago.Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms.Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp,tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on processed food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The supply of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could become extinct. What will we do then?Critics of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans.They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also criticize fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish.Some people say that the farming methods being used now won't produce enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries are already experimenting with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean.Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to feed millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment.(307 words)15 Twenty-One Days Without FoodWhy would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives.Why is this?Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States weren't allowed to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting would bring attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country's need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was to bring attention to the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States.Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, which is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists.Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just because it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. Whenever he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered fasting after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast lasted for 12 days.During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him more alert and energetic.Choosing to go without food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn't stop people from fasting for political, religious, or health reasons.(305 words)16 The Marie CelesteThere are many stories about the ocean. One of the strangest is a true story about a sailing ship. It is a mystery even today.In 1872, the Marie Celeste started on a trip across the Atlantic Ocean with a crew of ten people.Sometime later, the captain of another ship, the Dei Gratia, saw the Marie Celeste. There was something strange about its appearance. The captain called out, but there was no answer. The Marie Celeste seemed deserted.When the captain went to inspect the ship, no one came to meet him. He knew something was wrong, but there were no signs of violence. Nothing was missing, and there was no damage to the ship's instruments. And strangely enough, there was food on the table. Where was everyone? Did the crew jump from the Marie Celeste? Or did something come up from the ocean and take the captain and crew away?The captain of the Dei Gratia looked around for clues. The last entry in the Marie Celeste's diary was ten days earlier. However, the food on the table was only a few days old. Someone was on the ship a few days before, but they didn't write anything in the ship's diary. Why?There were many different explanations for the mystery of the Marie Celeste.Some people thought that a huge octopus ate the crew. Others said bad weather carried them away. A few people believed that the Marie Celeste was under a curse,because it sank on a later voyage. Now that the Marie Celeste lies somewhere at the bottom of the ocean, no one can ever solve the mystery.(274 words)17 The Roanoke SettlementOnly a few Europeans lived in North America in the 16th century. Most of them settled on the northeast coast. In 1587, a small group of about 100 people decided to 11/20go south. They moved to the small island of Roanoke. That area later became part of the state of North Carolina.Unfortunately, the Roanoke settlers weren't well prepared. They didn't have enough food for the winter, and there wasn't enough grain for future crops. Their leader, Captain White, decided to sail back to England to get supplies. However,there was a war in Europe, and three years passed before he returned to North America.When Captain White came back to Roanoke in 1590, he was eager to see the settlers. He looked out from his ship, but no one was there to meet him. There were no signs of life. The settlement was deserted.No one knows why the Roanoke settlers disappeared. Many people thought that hostile Native Americans killed them, but there were no signs of a fight. Some thought that the settlers died from hunger or disease, but they couldn't explain the absence of bodies.Many years later, more settlers came to North Carolina. One of them met a Native American group called the Lumbee. They were unusual looking compared to the black-haired, brown-eyed Native Americans in the north. Some Lumbee had blonde hair and gray eyes. Then he listened to their speech and almost fell off his horse.They seemed to speak an odd kind of English!He asked where they were from. None of them knew, but they said that their grandparents "talked from a book." Did they mean that their grandparents were able to read? As he rode back home, he asked himself a question: Were the Lumbee people the descendants of the Roanoke settlers?People are still asking the identical question. Because there are no written records,we can't be certain. However, there is one interesting fact. Today, some of the Lumbee people have names like Sampson, Dare, and Cooper. They are identical to the names of the vanished settlers ofRoanoke Island.(350 words)18 The Easter Island StatuesWhen the first sailing ship came to Easter Island in 1722 the captain and crew were afraid to land. They saw giants looking down at them from the high cliffs. The giants didn't move, so the ship slowly moved closer. Finally, the sailors realized that the giants were statues. Who made these huge statues? How did they get there?Easter Island is a very small island in the Pacific Ocean. It is more than 2,000miles from the nearest continent (South America). It is one of the most isolated places on earth.The biggest statue on Easter Island is over 60 feet high and weighs over 100 tons.There are hundreds of smaller ones, about 15 feet high. All of the statues are made of stone, and some wear stone hats. Their faces are solemn and unsmiling.Earlier inhabitants of Easter Island made the statues from the rocks in a volcanic crater. Next, they had to move the statues a long distance. In some cases, they moved the statues to locations more than ten miles away.No one knows for certain how the inhabitants were able to move the statues. Some scientists say that palm trees grew on Easter Island in the past. They think the inhabitants cut the trees down and placed the heavy statues on the trees. Then groups of 70 or more people rolled the statues to their present locations. Other scientists disagree with this theory because there are no palm trees on the island today. More important, the purpose of the statues is still a mystery. Was the purpose of the statues to prevent strangers from landing on the island?The result, however, has been the opposite. Large groups of eager people come to look at the statues. Easter Island now has a modern airport, and people come from all over the world to visit.(309 words)。
中学生百科英语必背
中学⽣百科英语必背Unit 1The Kiwi1.strange [streind?] adj. 奇怪的2.wing [wi?] n. 翅膀,翼3.tail [teil] n. 尾部4.feather ['fee?] n. ⽻⽑5.each [i:t?] adj. 每个6.beak [bi:k] n. 鸟嘴7.around [?'raund] prep. 在……周围8.sunlight ['s?nlait] n. 阳光9.smell [smel] v. 闻10.kill [kil] v. 杀/doc/1810747066.html ernment ['g?v?nm?nt] n. 政府The Camel1.camel ['k?m?l] n. 骆驼2.without [wie'aut] prep. 没有3.store [st?:] v. 储存4.hump [h?mp] n. 驼峰5.true [tru:] adj. 真实的6.change [t?eind?] v. 改变7.fat [f?t] n. 脂肪8.desert[?dez?t]n. 沙漠9.heat [hi:t] n. 热量10.Arabian [?'reibi?n] adj. 阿拉伯(⼈)的11.Bactrian[?b?ktri?] n. 双峰驼/doc/1810747066.html ['ei??] n. 亚洲13.thick [θik] adj. 厚的14.eyelash [?a?l??]n. 睫⽑15.Arabic ['?r?bik] n. 阿拉伯语16.important [im'p?:t?nt] adj. 重要的17.central [?sentr?l]adj. 中部的The Polar Bear1.polar ['p?ul?] adj. 两极的2.inside ['in'said] adv. 在⾥⾯3.arctic circle ['ɑ:ktik] ['s?:kl]北极圈4.north pole [n?:θ] [p?ul] 北极5.meter ['mi:t?] n. ⽶6.weigh [wei] v. 称重量7.kilogram ['kil?gr?m] n. 千克8.wide [waid] adj. 宽阔的9.afraid [?'freid] adj. 害怕的10.united states [ju'naitid] [steits] n. 美国The Hippopotamus1.hippopotamus [hip?'p?t?m?s] n. 河马2.Africa ['?frik?] n. ⾮洲3.mammal ['m?m?l] n. 哺乳动物4.born [b?:n] adj. 天⽣的5.alive [?'laiv] adj. 活着的6.plant [plɑ:nt] n. 植物/doc/1810747066.html ke [leik] n. 湖8.above [?'b?v] prep. 在...上⾯9.breathe [bri:e] v. 呼吸The Dolphin1.dolphin ['d?lfin] n. 海豚2.sound [saund] n. 声⾳3.feeling ['fi:li?] n. 感觉4.group [gru:p] n. 群5.school [sku:l] n. 鱼群6.together [t?'gee?] adv. ⼀起/doc/1810747066.html rmation [inf?'mei??n] n. 信息8.scientist ['sai?ntist] n. 科学家9.tape [teip] n. 录⾳带10.aquarium [?'kw?ri?m] n. ⽔族馆11.lonely ['l?unli] adj. 孤独的;寂寞的12.save [seiv] v. 解救13.life [laif] n. ⽣命14.luck [l?k] n. 运⽓U2Why Do We Yawn?1. yawn [j?:n] v. 打呵⽋2. quickly [?kw?kli] adv. 快地3. contagious [k?n?te?d??s] adj. 有传染性的4. bored [b?:d] adj. ⽆聊的5. might [ma?t] aux. 可能精品⽂档6. however [ha??ev?(r)] adv. 然⽽7. excited [?k?sa?t?d] adj. 感到兴奋的8. race [re?s] n. 赛跑9. alert[??l?:t]adj. 警觉的；警惕的10. deeply[?di:pli]adv. 在深处11. stretch [stret?] v. 伸展; 延伸12. muscle [?m?sl] n. 肌⾁Why Do People Laugh？1. laugh [lɑ:f]v. ⼤笑2. club [kl?b] n. 社团3. pretend [pr??tend] v. 假装4. soon [su:n] adv. 马上5. naturally [?n?t?r?li]adv. ⾃然地6. exercise [?eks?sa?z] n. 练习v. 锻炼7. equal [?i:kw?l] adj. 平等的v. 等于8. relax [r??l?ks] v. （使）放松9. hard [hɑ:d]adj. 硬的; 困难的; 努⼒的; adv. 努⼒地; 猛⼒地; 严重地10. connect [k??nekt] v. 连接11. well [wel] adv. 好地; adj.健康的Why Is The Sea Salty?1. salt [s?:lt] n. 盐2. Earth [?:θ] n. 地球3. mix [m?ks] v. 混合4. ocean [n] n. 海洋5. carry [?k?ri] v. 携带6. move [mu:v] v. 移动7. cloud [kla?d] n. 云8. evaporate [??v?p?re?t] n. 蒸发9. percent [p?'sent] n. 百分之⼀10. famous [?fe?m?s] adj. 著名的How Can A Plant Kill?1. enemy [?en?mi] n. 敌⼈2. kind [ka?nd] n. 种类3. poisonous [?p??z?n?s] adj. 有毒的4. grow [gr??] v. ⽣长；种植5. tropics ['tr?p?ks] n. 热带地区6. expensive [?k?spens?v] adj. 贵的7. cheap [t?i:p] adj. 便宜的8. collect [k??lekt] v. 收集9. instead of [?n?sted]adv. 代替How Do Many Hearing-Impaired People Talk?1. hearing-impaired [?m?pe?d] adj. 受损的2. sign [sa?n] n. 符号3. each other 彼此4. both [b??θ] pron. 两者都5. interpret [?n?t?:pr?t] v. 解释6. whole [h??l] adj. 全部的；完整的U3The Date Palm1. date [de?t] n. 海枣2. palm [pɑ:m] n. 棕榈树3. wonderful [?w?nd?fl] adj. 美妙的4. feed [fi:d] v. 喂养5. leaf [li:f] n. 叶⼦6.wood [w?d] n. ⽊材7. burn [b?:n] v. 燃烧8. stone [st??n] n. ⽯头9. museum [mju?zi:?m] n. 博物馆The Water Hyacinth1. hate [he?t] v. 恨2. disease [d??zi:z] n. 疾病3. crop [kr?p] n. 农作物4. machine [mi:n] n. 机器5. fertilizer [?f?:t?la?z?(r)] n. 肥料6. energy [?en?d?i] n. 能量7. Methane [?mi:θe?n] n. 甲烷，沼⽓Rice1. even [?i:vn]adv. 甚⾄2. probably [?pr?b?bli] adv. ⼤概3. soil [s??l] n. 泥⼟4. insect [??nsekt] n. 昆⾍5. broom [bru:m] n. 扫帚6. rug [r?g] n. ⼩块地毯7. sandal [?s?ndl]n. 凉鞋8. roof [ru:f] n. 屋顶Oranges1. section [?sek?n] n. 部分2. seed [si:d] n. 种⼦3. skin [sk?n] n. ⽪肤；果⽪4. shiny [??a?ni] adj. 发光的5. wild [wa?ld] adj. 野外的6. raise [re?z] v. 种植7. around [??ra?nd] adv. ⼤约8. Spanish [?sp?n??] n. 西班⽛⼈The Coffee Plant1. chance [t?ɑ:ns] n. 机会2. Brazil [br??z?l] n. 巴西3. Indonesia [??nd??'ni:zj?] n. 印尼4. Ivory Coast [?aiv?ri?k?ust] 象⽛海岸（⾮洲）5. Ethiopia [?i:θ?'??p??] n. 埃塞俄⽐亚（⾮洲东部国家）6. produce [pr??dju:s] v. 产⽣7. typically [?t?p?kli] adv. 通常; 典型地8. protect [pr??tekt] v. 保护9. modern [?m?dn] adj. 现代的10. unfortunately [?n?f?:t??n?tli] adv. 不幸地U4Music and Behaviour1. affect [??fekt] v. 影响2. behave [b??he?v] v. 表现; 举⽌端正3. classical [?kl?s?kl] adj. 古典的4.background [?b?kgra?nd] n. 背景5. loud [la?d] adj. 响亮的，⼤声的6. chew [t?u:] v. 咀嚼7. careful [?ke?fl] adj. 仔细的Blues and Jazz1. slave [sle?v] n. 奴⾪2. century [?sent??ri] n. 世纪3. blues [blu:z] n. 蓝调⾳乐4. Jazz [d??z] n. 爵⼠乐5. express [?k?spres]v. 表达6. instrument [??nstr?m?nt] n. 仪器; 乐器7. guitar [g??tɑ:(r)]n. 吉他8. harmonica [hɑ:?m?n?k?]n. ⼝琴9. composer [k?m?p??z?(r)] n. 作曲家10. add [?d] v. 增加Rock and Roll1. band [b?nd] n. 带; 乐队2. performer [p??f?:m?(r)] n. 表演者3. mixture [?m?kst??(r)] n. 混合；混合物4. fan [f?n] n. 扇⼦；迷5. nervous [?n?:v?s] adj. 紧张的6. record [?rek?:d] n. 唱⽚7. compact disc [k?m?p?kt disk]光盘8. company [?k?mp?ni] n. 公司Country Western music1.cattle [?k?tl] n. (总称) ⽜，牲⼝2. dangerous [?de?nd??r?s] adj. 危险的3. alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的4. calm [kɑ:m]adj. 平静的5. peaceful [?pi:sfl]adj. 和平的6. either [?a?e?(r)] pron. （两者之中）任何⼀个7. violin [?val?n] n. ⼩提琴8. can [k?n] n. 罐⼦Latin Music and Salsa1. common [?k?m?n] adj. 普通的2. enjoy [?n?d] v. 喜欢; 享受; 过得快活3. beat [bi:t] v. 接连地击打4. orchestra [??:k?str?] n. 管弦乐队5. while [wa?l] conj. 在…期间6. roast [r??st] v. 烤7. bake [be?k] v. 烘焙8. oven [??vn] n. 烤箱9. fry [fra?] v. 油炸10. taste [te?st] n. 滋味11. Portuguese [?p?:t?u?gi:z]n. 葡萄⽛语; 葡萄⽛⼈12. international [??nt??n??n?l] adj. 国际的U5Work Hour1. enough [??n?f] adj. ⾜够的2. vary [?ve?ri] v. 变化3. employee [?m?pl??i:] n. 雇⼯4. extra [?ekstr?] adj. 额外的5. earn [?:n] v. 赢得6. overtime [v?ta?m] adv. 超时地; 加班地7. vacation [v??ke??n] n. 假期8. average [??v?r?d?] adj. 平均的9. dull [d?l] adj. 迟钝的Salaries1. salary [?s?l?ri] n. 薪⽔2. private [?pra?v?t] adj. 私有的3. pilot [?pa?l?t] n. 飞⾏员4. profession [pr??fe?n] n. 职业5. waiter [?we?t?(r)] n. 服务员6. benefit [?ben?f?t] n. 利益7. employer [?m?pl(r)] n. 雇主8. health [helθ]n. 健康9. insurance [?nr?ns] n. 保险费10. plus [pl?s] prep. （表⽰运算）加Family-Friendly Companies1. rule [ru:l] n. 规则2. allow [??la?] v. 允许3. flexible [?fleks?bl] adj. 灵活的4. schedule [??edju:l][?sked?u:l] n. 时刻表5. increase [?n?kri:s]v. 增加6. share [?e?(r)] n. 分享7. leave [li:v] v. 离开8. female [?fi:me?l] adj. ⼥性的9. unpaid [??n?pe?d] adj. 未付的10. male [me?l] adj. 男性的Work Clothes1. decision [d??s??n] n. 决定2. uniform [?ju:n?f?:m] n. 制服3. code [k??d] n. 代码；编码4. casual [?k??u?l] adj. 随便的5. comfortable [?k?mft?bl] adj. 舒适的6. special [?spe?l] adj. 特殊的; 专⽤的7. sportswear [?sp?:tswe?(r)] n. 运动装Time Off1. commute [k??mju:t] v. 通勤2. prepare [pr??pe?(r)] v. 准备3. leisure [?le??(r)] n. 闲暇4. obviously [??bvi?sli] adv. 明显地5. channel [?t??nl] n. 频道6. program [?pr??gr?m] n. 程序7. surf [s?:f] v. 冲浪U6The Sami of Northern Europe1. Sami [?s?mi] n. 萨⽶⼈2. Norway ['n?:we?] n. 挪威（欧洲国家）3. Sweden ['swi:dn] n. 瑞典4. Finland ['f?nl?nd] n. 芬兰5. Russia ['r] n. (1917年以前的)俄罗斯帝国6. coast [k??st] n. 海岸7. traditional [tr??dnl] adj. 传统的8. nomad [?n??m?d] n. 游牧民9. reindeer[?re?nd??(r)] n. 驯⿅10. dig [d?g] n. 挖掘11. tent [tent] n. 帐篷12. less [les] adj. 较少的13. skis [ski?] v. 滑雪n. 滑雪板；雪橇14. sled [sled] n. <美>雪撬15. trip [tr?p] n. 旅⾏16. future ['fju?t??(r)] n. 将来17. holiday ['h?l?de?] n. 假⽇The Ainu of Japan1. island ['a?l?nd] n. 岛屿2. Hokkaido [h?'kaid?u] n. 北海道(⽇本第⼆⼤岛)3. wavy ['we?vi] adj. 波浪形的4. mustache [m?'stɑ??] n. ⼩胡⼦5. completely [k?m'pli?tli]adv. 完全地6. hunter ['h?nt?(r)] n. 猎⼈7. religion [r?'l?d??n] n. 宗教8. middle ['m?dl] adj. 中间的；中等的；中期的9. attend [?'tend] v. 出席；参加10. right [ra?t] n. 权利11. promote [pr?'m??t] v. 促进；提升；推销；弘扬12. Ainu ['a?n?] n. 阿伊努⼈13. beard [b??d] n. 胡须14. demand [d?'mɑ?nd]v. 要求15. response [r?'sp?ns] n. 响应The Yanomami of the Amazon1. perhaps [p?'h?ps] adv. 也许；可能2. area ['e?ri?] n. ⾯积；地区3. outsider [?a?t'sa?d?(r)] n. 外⾏；旁观者；局外⼈4. Venezuela [?ven?'zwe?l?] n. 委内瑞拉5. spiritual ['sp?r?t?u?l] adj. 精神的；⼼灵的6. miner ['ma?n?(r)] n. 矿⼯7. logger ['l?ɡ?(r)] n. 樵夫；伐⽊⼯8. noise [n??z] n. 噪声9. polluted [p?'lu?t?d] adj. 被污染的；喝醉的10. die [da?] v. 死11. destroy [d?'str??] v. 破坏12. destruction [d??str?k?n] n. 摧毁; 破坏13. progress ['pr??ɡres] n. 进步14. Yanomami n. 亚诺玛⽶⼈15. Amazon [??m?z?n] n. 亚马逊河（南美洲⼤河）The Hopi of Arizona1. Hopi['h??pi] n. 霍⽪族(北美印第安⼈之⼀族)；2. Arizona n. 亚利桑那(美国州名)3. highway ['ha?we?] n. 公路4. somehow ['s?mha?] adv. 以某种⽅式5. freeze [fri?z] v. 冻结6. blow [bl??] v. 吹7. goat [ɡ??t]n. ⼭⽺8. truck [tr?k] n. 卡车9. Kachina [ke?t'?a?n?] n. 克奇纳神(霍⽪印第安⼈崇拜的祖灵)10. alike [?'la?k] adj. 相似的；同样的11. adult ['?d?lt] n. 成年⼈12. nearby [?n??'ba?] adj. 附近的adv. 在附近The Maori of New Zealand1. Maori ['ma?ri] n. ⽑利⼈；⽑利语adj. ⽑利⼈的；⽑利语的2. Polynesian [?p?l?'ni:z??n] n. 波利尼西亚⼈；波利尼西亚语adj. 波利尼西亚的；波利尼亚⼈(语)的3. arrive [?'ra?v] v. 到达4. over ['??v?(r)] prep. 多于5. war [w??(r)] n. 战争；⽃争6. population [?p?pju'le??n] n. ⼈⼝7. culture ['k?lt??(r)] n. ⽂化；教养8. ceremony ['ser?m?ni] n. 仪式；礼节；典礼9. yearly ['j??li] adj. 每年的adv. 每年地；⼀年⼀次地10. among [?'m??]prep. 在……之中11. competition [?k?mp?'t??n] n. 竞争；⽐赛12. practice ['pr?kt?s] v. 操练n. 操练13. win [w?n] v. 赢；赢得；胜利U8The Polynesians1. explorer [?k?spl?:r?(r)] v. 探险家2. current [?k?r?nt] n. ⽔流3. shell [?el] n. 外壳4. Mongol [?m??g?l] n. 蒙古族⼈5. toward [t?'w?:d] prep. 向；对着6. reach [ri:t?] v. 到达7. invention [?n?ven?n] n. 发明8. sailor [se?l?(r)] n. ⽔⼿9. canoe [k??nu: ] n. 独⽊⾈A Giraffe in Central Asia1. leader [?li:d?(r)] n. 领袖2. ruler [?ru:l?(r)] n. 统治者3. gift [g?ft] n. 礼物；天赋4. ambassador [?m?b?s?d?(r)] n. ⼤使5. jewelry ['d?u:?lr?] n. 珠宝；⾸饰6. gold [g??ld] n. ⾦⼦7. silver [?s?lv?(r)] n. 银⼦8. suppose [s??p??z] n. 认为；假定9. pleased [pli:zd] n. ⾼兴的10. Cairo ['ka??r??] n. 开罗（埃及⾸都）11. Samarkand[?s?m??k?nd] n. 撒马尔罕（乌兹别克东部城市）The First Woman on Mount Qomolangma1. Qomolangma [?t??um?u?lɑ:?m?]n. 珠穆朗玛2. mountain [?ma?nt?n] n. ⼭脉3. Nepal [n?'p?:l] n. 尼泊尔（南亚国家）4. organize [??:g?na?z] v. 组织; 安排5. avalanche [??v?lɑ:n?] n. 雪崩6. injure [??nd??(r)] v. 损害; 伤害（名誉、⾃尊等）7. be able to8. ordinary [??:dnri] adj. 普通的; ⼀般的9. goal [g??l] n. 球门; ⽬标10. environment [?n?va?r?nm?nt] n. 环境The Iditarod Race1. Iditarod n. 艾迪塔罗德精品⽂档2. trail [tre?l] n. 踪迹3. team [ti?m]n. 队；组4. adventurer [?d'vent??r?(r)] n. 冒险者5. musher ['m(r)] n. 赶狗拉雪橇的⼈6. brave [bre?v] adj. 勇敢的7. storm [st??m]n. 暴风⾬8. knee [ni?] n. 膝盖9. below [b?'l??] prep. 低于；在……下⾯10. footprint ['f?tpr?nt] n. 脚印11. shoot [?u?t]v. 发射12. Celsius ['selsi?s] n. 摄⽒Sailing Alone1. supply [s??pla?] n. 供给物2. equipment [??kw?pm?nt] n. 设备3. problem ['pr?bl?m] n. 问题；难题4. engine ['end??n] n. 引擎5. quit [kw?t] v. 退出6. electricity [??lek'tr?s?ti] n. 电7. communicate [k?'mju?n?ke?t] v. 交流8. destination [?dest?'ne??n] n. ⽬的地9. San Francisco [s?n fr?n'sisk?u]n. 旧⾦⼭10. contact [?k?nt?kt] v. n. 接触11. expect [?k?spekt] v. 期望。
中学生百科英语1-U4-L5-Latin Music and Salsa
Unit 4 MusicLesson 5 Latin Music and SalsaLatin music is very common in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese. However, people all over the world can enjoy it. This music comes from Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Salsa is one kind of Latin music. Big cities like Miami, New York, San Juan, Havana, and Panama City have their own kinds of salsa.Latin music is a mixture of European music and African music. It has a strong beat. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole orchestras with lots of other instruments play it. Composers of Latin music express their feelings in their music. Sometimes they are very happy, and sometimes they are sad. Ruben Blades and Juan Luis Guerra are two famous modern Latin American composers. They perform their own music with their own orchestras. Beat orchestras cards while roast bake oven tastesPeople play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends. Sometimes salsa fans play cards in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays while they listen to Latin music. Some people bring guitars and play them while they sing. The other people relax and enjoy the music, but they don't stop playing cards. They roast or bake food in the oven or fry it on top of the stove in oil. When the food is ready, they stop playing cards. They listen to the music while they eat. The food tastes good.People who dance enjoy Latin music because it is easy to dance to. The beat is very strong. Dancers can move their whole bodies. They can dance alone or with someone. Other people enjoy listening to Latin music. Usually the words are in Spanish or Portuguese, but sometimes they are in English or another language. Many Latin songs have beautiful words, but if a person does not understand them, it is not important. A person can still enjoy the music. The sound is international. (323 words)Task I Read and answer the questions below.1.Where does Latin music come from?2.What is Salsa?3.Will people play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends?4.Why do people who dance enjoy Latin music?5.In which language are the Latin songs written?Task II Read paragraph 2 and fill in the chart.Task III Vocabulary① Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Sometimes salsa fans play ________ in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays ________ they listen to Latin music.2. Latin music is very __________ in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese.3. They ________ or _______ food in the ________ or ________ it on top of the stove in oil.4. The food ____________ good.5. It has a strong ________________.6. The sound is _________________.7. Many years ago, people playedLatin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole _______________ with lots of other instruments play it. 8. However, people all over the world can _________ it.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text 1. Rita usually listens to music _________ she studies. 2. Carmen _______ a chocolate cake yesterday. 3. Many people _____________ playing soccer. 4. Do you know how to play ____________?5. Sometimes we _________ meat in oil on top of the stove. We bake or _______ food in the ______.6. There is a dance tomorrow night for the __________ students.7. Rock and roll fans enjoy the __________ of the music.8. Classical music is ____________ all over the world. 9. Chocolate cake ______________ better than grass.Task IV WordsTask V Translate the sentences.1. 我真的很喜欢这次的聚会，因为我们品尝了美味的蛋糕，玩了纸牌。
中学生百科英语1-U1-L2
U1-Animal : Lesson 2 - The CamelThe camel can go without water for a long time.Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store the fat all over its body.Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm.Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day.The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores this heat in its body because the nights are cool.The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair, because the winters are cold in Central Asia.There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's eyes.Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel.Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them.(185 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。
中学生百科英语第一册
中学生百科英语第一册Unit 1: Introduction to English1.1 The AlphabetThe English alphabet consists of 26 letters. These letters are divided into two categories: vowels and consonants. Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O, and U. Consonants are all the other letters.1.2 VowelsVowels are important in English because they are the sounds that give words their meaning. For example, the word "cat" has three letters: C, A, and T. The vowel "A" is what makes the word "cat" different from the word "cot" or "cut."1.3 ConsonantsConsonants are the letters that are not vowels. They are important because they help us to pronounce words correctly. For example, the word "dog" has three letters: D, O, and G. The consonants "D" and "G" are what make the word "dog" different from the word "dog" or "dot."1.4 Pronunciation1.5 Simple PhrasesUnit 2: Greetings and Introductions2.1 Greetings2.2 Introductions2.3 Responding to GreetingsWhen someone greets you, it is important to respond politely. You can simply say, "Hello" or "Hi" back. If someone says "Good morning," you can respond with "Good morning" as well. It is also polite to ask how the other person is doing, saying, "How are you?" or "How's it going?"2.4 FarewellsIn conclusion, this unit focuses on greetings and introductions in English. We have learned different ways to greet someone, how to introduce ourselves and others, and how to respond to greetings. By the end of this unit, you will be able to greet and introduce yourself in English, as well as respond to greetings in a polite manner.Unit 3: Basic Grammar3.1 Nouns3.2 VerbsA verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. For example, "run," "eat," "sleep," and "be" are all verbs. Verbs can be categorized as action verbs (e.g., "run") or state verbs (e.g., "be").3.3 Pronouns3.4 AdjectivesAn adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. For example, "big," "happy," "blue," and "beautiful" are alladjectives. Adjectives add detail and description to sentences, making them more vivid and interesting.3.5 AdverbsAn adverb is a word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. For example, "quickly," "happily," "very," and "always" are all adverbs. Adverbs provide additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.3.6 Sentences。
中学生百科英语1-U2-L3 - Why Is the Sea Salty
U2- How? Why?: Lesson 3 - Why Is the Sea Salty?There is a lot of salt on the Earth, and it mixes very well with water.There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. The water from most lakes goes into rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt with them. Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stays in the ocean.The water in the oceans has more salt than the water in rivers. Ocean water is about 3.5% (three and a half percent) salt. Some seas have more salt than others.Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of the water evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous lakes like this. They are the Dead Sea in the Middle East and the Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much saltier than the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.中学生百科英语1-第二单元How? Why? 1。
中学生百科英语词汇(第一册)
中学生百科英语（第一册）词汇学习手册Unit OneLesson1Kiwi/'kiːwiː/ n. 鹬（yu）鸵，又名几维鸟，是一种生活在新西兰常绿森林中的不会飞的鸟，属于新西兰特产，也是新西兰的国鸟及象征。
它形如梨子，浑身长满蓬松细密的羽毛，既没有翅膀也没有尾羽，不能飞翔。
它们的寿命可达三十年，算是很长寿鸟类。
only /'əʊnlɪ/ adv. 仅仅，只；strange /streɪndʒ/ adj. 奇怪的，陌生的；fly /flaɪ/ vi.飞行；vt.放飞（风筝等），驾驶（飞机）；n.苍蝇；size/saɪz / n. 尺寸，大小；wing /wɪŋ/ n. 翅膀；tail /teɪl / n. 尾巴；feather /'feðə/ n. 羽毛；beak /biːk/ n. 鸟嘴；during/'djʊərɪŋ / prep. 在…期间；hurt /hɜːt / vt. 伤害，使受伤；smell /smel / vi. 闻，嗅；n. 气味；government/'gʌvənmənt/ n. 政府；kill /kɪl / vt. 杀死；Lesson2camel /'kæməl/ n. 骆驼；store/stɔː/ n. （美）商店；vt. 储存；同义表达：keep,hump /hʌmp/ n. 驼峰；all over 到处，遍及；同义表达：around; everywhere on,desert /'dezət/ n. 沙漠；/dɪ'zɜːt/ vt. 遗弃；放弃；词形比较：de ss ert /dɪ'zɜːt / n. 餐后甜点；甜点心; heat/hiːt/ n.热量；vt. 给加热；词形转换：hot adj. 热的，炎热的；cool/kuːl/ adj. 凉爽的；很酷的；同义表达：a little cold,also /'ɔːlsəʊ/ adv. 也；而且；同义表达：too,either,as well,thick/θɪk/ adj. 厚的；浓的；eyelash /'aɪlæʃ/ n. 睫毛；about/ə'baʊt / prep. 大约；关于；同义表达：more or less,describe/dɪ'skraɪb/ vt. 描述，描写；Lesson3 polar bear 北极熊；north /nɔːθ/ adj.北方的；n.北方；south/saʊθ/ adj.南方的；n.南方；pole/pəʊl/ n. 极；极点；snow/snəʊ/ n.雪；vi. 下雪；ice /aɪs / n. 冰；vt.结冰；warm / wɔːm / adj. 温暖的；weigh / weɪ/ vt. 称重；weight n. 重量；wide/waɪd / adj. 宽的，广泛的，广阔的；width /wɪdθ/ n. 宽度；swim /swɪm / vi. 游泳；（过去式swam,过去分词swum,现在分词swimming）;catch/kætʃ / vt. 抓住，赶上；了解；（过去式和过去分词caught；现在分词catching）afraid /ə'freɪd/ adj. 恐怕的，害怕的；常见搭配：be afraid of, be afraid +从句；the United States美国；（全称the United States of America, 缩略式USA或US）Russia/'rʌʃə / n. 俄罗斯；Russian adj. 俄国的；n.俄国人，俄语；Lesson4hippopotamus / ,hɪpə'pɒtəmə/ n. 河马（=hippo）；mammal /'mæməl / n. 哺乳动物；alive /ə'laɪv/ adj. 活着的；有活力的；（比较级more alive，最高级most alive）large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 大的，大号的；同义表达：big,huge;stomach /'stʌmək / n. 胃；腹部；plant /plɑːnt/ n.植物；vt.种植；培养；spend /spend / vt. 花费；度过（假期）；常见搭配：sb. spend … on sth.或sb spend … (in) doing sth.beside / bɪ'saɪd/ prep. 在… 旁边；在旁边；同义表达：at the side of,lake /leɪk / n. 湖；stay /sdei / vt. 停留；保持；high /haɪ/ adj. 高的；（比较级higher，最高级highest）；above /ə'bʌv / prep. 在…上面；adv. 在上面；同义表达：over,breathe /briːð/ vt. 呼吸；breath /breθ / n. 呼吸；Lesson5dolphin /'dɒlfɪn / n. 海豚；sound / saʊnd / n. 声音；show /ʃəʊ/ vt.显示，说明；出示；travel /'trævəl/ vt.旅行；n.旅行；（过去式和过去分词traveled或-elled；现在分词traveling或-elling）feelings /'fiːlɪŋz/ n. 感情，group /gruːp / n.小组，团体；同义表达：three or more people or animals,together /tə'geðə/ adv. 一起，同时；altogether adv. 总共；完全地；scientist /'saɪəntɪst/n. 科学家；lonely /'ləʊnlɪ / adj. 寂寞的；alone adv.独自地；单独地；save / seɪv/ vt.挽救；储蓄；节约；luck /lʌk / n. 运气，幸运；lucky adj. 幸运的；believe /bɪ'liːv/ vt. 相信，认为；代词代词分为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、不定代词等。
中学生百科英语1-U3-L1 - The Date Palm
U3 - Plants: Lesson 1 - The Date PalmThe date palm is a wonderful tree. People eat dates. They feed them to their animals. They use the leaves and the wood to build houses. They use the wood to build boats. They make baskets from the leaves. They burn the other parts of the tree to cook their food.The date palm came from the Middle East. Seven thousand (7,000) years ago, people in Syria and Egypt ate dates. They made pictures of date palms on their stone buildings. Today date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa, southern Europe, and other warm parts of the world.There are more than 2,700 kinds of palm trees. Most of them cannot grow in the Middle East because it is too dry. The date palm grows there very well.Hundreds of years ago, people in southern Europe and some Arab countries made pictures of palm trees and palm flowers on some of their buildings. Today we can see these pictures in art museums. People think that the palm tree is beautiful. People thought the same thing a long time ago. (184 words)中学生百科英语1-第三单元Plants第1页共1页。
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Unit one Lesson one: The kiwi第一单元，第一课：无翼鸟The kiwi lives only in NewZealand. It is very strange bird .Because it can not fly.The kiwi is the same size as a chicken.It has no wings or tail.It does not have feathers like other birds.It feathers look like hair.Each foot has four toes.It's beak is very long. A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day.Because sunlight hurts its eyes.It can smell things very well.It smells things better than most birds do.The kiwis eggs are very big.There're only a few kiwis in New Zealand now. People do not often see them. The government says that people can not kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live.There is a picture of a kiwi in New Zealand money. People from New Zealand sometimes called "kiwis".无翼鸟住在新西兰，它是一只很奇怪的鸟，因为，它不会飞，无翼鸟跟小鸡的大小相同，它没有翅膀，也没有尾巴，它没有像别的鸟一样的尾巴，它的羽毛看起来很像头发，每只脚都有4个脚指头，它的嘴巴很长。
无翼鸟喜欢周围有很多树。
它白天睡觉，因为，阳光会伤害它的眼睛。
它的嗅觉非常好，它的嗅觉比大多数的鸟要好。
无翼鸟蛋非常大.在新西兰现在只有一些无翼鸟，人们不经常看见它们，政府说人们不能杀死无翼鸟。
新西兰人想要它们的无翼鸟活下去，新西兰的钱上有无翼鸟的图片，住在新西兰的人们有时被叫作无翼鸟。
第一单元第四课河马The hippopotamus河马住在非洲的热的部分，它是哺乳动物，也就是说，它的孩子们生下来是活的，而且，它们喝妈妈身上的牛奶。
The hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa, it’s a mammal, that is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from their mother’s body.河马是一个很大的动物，河马的重量有四吨，它的胃是7米长，它只吃植物，河马是哺乳动物，但是，它花费很多时间在水里。
The hippopotamus is a large animal. A hippo weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, it eats only plants. A hippo is a mammal, but, it spends a lot of time in the water.在白天，它睡在河边或睡在湖边，有时，它醒来，然后，它去水底下，得到一些植物当做美餐，它能够闭上鼻子，在水底下呆十分钟，它的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子，都在它头上高的地方。
它能够停留它的身体在水底下，只有它的耳朵、眼睛、鼻子在水上面，然后它可以呼吸空气。
During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes, it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes and nose, are high up on its head. It can stay with it’s body under the water, only its ears, eyes and nose above the water, then it can breathe the air.在晚上，河马走在陆地上，而且，寻找食物。
它从不去远离水的地方At night, hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.一个小河马，经常站立在妈妈的背上，妈妈在水底下寻找食物，小河马骑在她的背上，在水上。
A baby hippo often stands on its mother’s back, the mother looks for food under the water, the baby hippo rides on her back above the water.第一单元第五课海豚The Dolphin海豚会说话吗可能它们不会用语言说话，但是它们可以用声音说话，它们用声音来表达它们的感情。
Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they can talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.海豚成群结队的去旅行。
我们把一群鱼叫做一所学校，它们不学习，但是它们一起旅行，海豚是哺乳动物，不是鱼，但是它们在学校一起游泳。
D olphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish “a school”. They don’t study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in the school.海豚跟在学校里其他的海豚说话。
它们给信息，它们说当在它们高兴或者伤心或者害怕的时候，它们说”欢迎”当一只海豚回到学校的时候，它们玩的时候说话。
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information, they tell when they are happy or sad or afraid, they say “welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school, they talk when they play.它们在水上面弄出一些声音。
它们在水下面弄出更多的声响。
人们不能听到这些声音，因为，声音很大很大，科学家录出声音的磁带和研究磁带。
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People can’t hear these sounds because the sounds are very very high. Scientists make tapes of sounds and study these tapes.有时人们抓到海豚放在很大的水族馆（一个水族馆是个鱼的动物园），人们看演出能够看见海豚。
海豚不喜欢远离水族馆里面它们的学校，它们很伤心也很孤独。
Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium( an aquarium is a zoo for fish”. People can watch dolphins in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school in the aquarium. They are very sad and lonely.有很多关于海豚的故事，它们帮助过人们。
有时它们救命某人生命，海豚的肉很好吃，但是人们不喜欢杀死海豚。
它们说海豚带来好运气，很多人相信这个。
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphin meat is very good, but people don’t like to kill dolphins. They say dolphins bring good luck, many people believe this.二单元第一课我们为什么打哈欠Why do we yawn?熊打哈欠，骆驼打哈欠，很多哺乳动物也打哈欠。
我们为什么要打哈欠实际上没有一个人知道答案。
Bears yawn, camels yawn, most mammals yawn. Why do we yawn.? No one really knows the answer.我们知道每一个人打哈欠的方法都是一样的，首先你慢慢的张开嘴巴，你的嘴巴继续张开5秒钟，然后你很快的闭上你的嘴巴。
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five minutes , then you close your mouth quickly.我们知道打哈欠是有传染性的或者易传染。
当你看到有人打哈欠的时候，你也会打哈欠，很多人说他们打哈欠是因为很无聊或者很累。
这可能是真的，然而我们知道当人们兴奋或者紧张不安的时候他们也会打哈欠，参加奥运会跑步项目的运动员，比如说在赛跑之前运动员经常会打哈欠，为什么呢We also know that, yawning is contagious or catching. When you see someone yawn, you also yawn, many people say that they yawn because they are very bored, or tired. This might be true. However we know that people also yawn, when they are excited or nervous, Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that?许多科学家认为打哈欠让你更加警觉。