阅读理解—猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧

阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词,名词,形容词等),词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:The word “…….” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _______.The word “……..” is most likely to mean______.What do you think the expression “……..” stands for?By saying “……..”, we mean _______.“……..” as is used in the passage can best be defined as _______.Skill1 利用构词法1. 利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）----前缀/后缀前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。

1). When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him．2). In the world of economic globolization, different nations are becoming more and more interdependent.2. 利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）3). Child laborers in Dickens' novels were ill-treated.4). Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed.3. 利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）5). The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket．6). There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. Skill2: 利用定义/ 解释/ 举例等猜测词义1) What is plagiarism? It is using others‟ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.4) Y ou may borrow from the library any periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly, Reade r‟s Digest , The New Y orkers.注意标点符号如: 括号( ) 冒号: 、破折号—Skill3: 利用比较、对比、因果关系1. 利用比较(近义)/并列关系——关键词有similarly, likewise, just as, also, or ,and 等。

1) Peter loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.2) Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.3) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.4) Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.5) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.The underlined phrase “stately homes” means_____. A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly2. 利用对比（反义）关系——关键词有in contrast, on the contrary , unlike, however, but, despite, while, in spite of, on the other hand, nevertheless等。

1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.2)Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．3). Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.3. 利用因果关系——关键词有because, since, for, as, so, in order to, so as to, as a result, thus, therefore等。

1). Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.2). The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Skill4 利用上下文的语境1). Without proper identification. Brain and Stewie stow away on a plane that they think is leaving for England.（07上海）The phrase “ stow away ” most proba bly means _________.A. hide secretlyB. talk excitedlyC. operate easilyD. guide successfully 2). In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. （07上海）“ Eco-friendly tents” refer to tents________A. economically desirableB. favorable to environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for disaster relief3). The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs (扫雪机) is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such ashospital, education, helping the old and so on. The word “ they” refers to_______.A. snowfallsB. British peopleC. snow-ploughsD. countries like Britain利用文化背景和生活常识1).Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.2).The snake slithered through the grass.3). Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.猜词练习（一）1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “ amputate”?A. cure ofB. cut offC. take awayD. leave2. People already use more than half of the world‟s renewable fresh water.The word “ renewable” refers to the water that _______.A. is fresh and newB. can be made new againC. can be made clean and used againD. can always be replaced with new water.3. Hundreds of years ago, much of the Holland was below sea level and was often flooded by the North Sea. This made the land swampy.What does the wor d “ swampy” mean?A. Dry and hardB. DesertedC. Soft and wetD. Rich4. The children who have recently experienced a family breakup have a more difficult time with their study than children from normal consummate families.What does the word “consummate” mean?A. largeB. wealthyC. completeD. poor5.He met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway‟s School of Adventure, where he learned about Ridgway‟s cold water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he couldabout North Pole explorers and adventures (2006 浙江)The word “ exploits” is closest in meaning to __.A. journeysB. researchesC. adventuresD. operations6. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat(费马)in the seventeenth century, the theorem(定理) had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist … （2003年广东）Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people‟s imagination7.Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. ( 2006 安徽)By describing l ions as “ opportunists”, the author means to say that lions _______A. are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eat.8. The school are reluctant to take time off—even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentinagame had trouble getting the day off. (2006 福建)The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage may probably mean___________.A. kindB. unwillingC. freeD. careless9.Early human beings used very fragile houses , and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofsfrom houses or cause hig h waves that endangered travelers. People‟s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. (2006 重庆)The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage means___________.A. impossible to make sure ofB. likely to be protectedC. easy to damageD. difficult to find10.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can‟t be swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. (2005广东) The word “ cultivated” roughly mean s______A. encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developed11. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. (2006 江西)Which of the following is closest in meaning to “exotic”?A. Messy and untidyB. Rich and expensive.C. Comfortable and calmingD. Foreign and unusual12. Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. What does the word “ obesity” mean?A. ViolenceB. SadnessC. OverweightD. Weakness13. As night fell on America on September the 11th, 2001, we felt grief and great sorrow.What does the word “ grief ” mean?A. DeterminationB. DisappointmentC. SadnessD. Despair猜词练习（二）1. Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.(08年广东)The underlined word gulf most probably means _________.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation2. The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I‟m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I‟m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was. （08年海南）The underlined words “my new friend” refer to ______.A. the author‟s sonB. the author‟s father B. the friend of the author‟s father D. the café owner3. T ime is something from which we can‟t escape. Even if we ignore it, it‟s still going by,ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who‟s in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally. （08年江苏）The underlin ed word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that is _________.A. your slave and serves youB. your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys youD. under your influence and follows you4. Some politicians oft en use this trick. Let‟s say that during Governor Smith‟s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith‟s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That‟s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith‟s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” （08年全国2）What do the underlined words “net gain” mean?A. final increaseB. big advantageC. large shareD. total saving5. When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things.We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other（北京）“We gave London to each other” probably means ______.A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of usB. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from LondonC. our unpleasant feelings about London disappearedD. we parted with each other in London6. What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.（08年重庆）What do es the underlined word “juggle” most probably mean?A. want to buyB. take the place ofC. use at the same timeD. seek for information from7. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules(分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.（08年辽宁）What does “glycol-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” mean?A. sugarB. iceC. bloodD. moleculeBorn in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.（07年全国）The words “hooked on teaching” probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching9. For cultural exposure, I involved her in our American Indian tradition. We attended and danced at Indian powwows. I signed her up for summer basketball camps and attended the awards ceremony at the end. I tried to be involved by balancing work and family. I passed up a job at a local university because of the position‟s frequent out-of-state travel.The underlined phrase passed up means__________A. gave upB. took upC. looked forD. applied for10. “But, “ said Tim, “ I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”“I‟m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. I employed you to make suggestions because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”The underlined word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to _________.A. full of respectB. too shy and quietC. lacking in experienceD. too confident and rude11. The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakowski, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. “ Through feel, Suleiman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight.” He says.The underlined part “is at home with hardware” means__________.A. is fond of computer hardwareB. works with computer hardware at homeC. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware.D. is good at dealing with computer hardware12. Climbing attracts people because it‟s good exercise for almost everyone. Y ou use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (08年安徽)The word “workout” most probably means _________.A. settlementB. exerciseC. excitementD. tiredness13. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in whichwe view IP rights. （08年江西）According to the text, what has “taken the world by storm”?A. Intellectual property rights.B. The Internet.C. Free downloading.D. The large number of songs, films and books.14. As the sun rose higher, Arizona‟s famous heat seemed to roast(烘烤) us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly. (08年陕西)The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means .A. we were weakB. we were unhappyC. we were dissatisfiedD. we were disappointed猜词练习（三）1. 如何判断指代关系一般说来，that, it, they, them, one等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。