阅读理解—猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧

阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧

猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.

要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词,名词,形容词等),词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:

The word “…….” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _______.

The word “……..” is most likely to mean______.

What do you think the expression “……..” stands for?

By saying “……..”, we mean _______.

“……..” as is used in the passage can best be defined as _______.

Skill1 利用构词法

1. 利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）----前缀/后缀

前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。

1). When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him．

2). In the world of economic globolization, different nations are becoming more and more interdependent.

2. 利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）

3). Child laborers in Dickens' novels were ill-treated.

4). Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed.

3. 利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）

5). The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket．

6). There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. Skill2: 利用定义/ 解释/ 举例等猜测词义

1) What is plagiarism? It is using others‟ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.

2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.

3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

4) Y ou may borrow from the library any periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly, Reade r‟s Digest , The New Y orkers.

注意标点符号如: 括号( ) 冒号: 、破折号—

Skill3: 利用比较、对比、因果关系

1. 利用比较(近义)/并列关系——关键词有similarly, likewise, just as, also, or ,and 等。

1) Peter loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

2) Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

3) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.

4) Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.

5) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.

The underlined phrase “stately homes” means_____. A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly

2. 利用对比（反义）关系——关键词有in contrast, on the contrary , unlike, however, but, despite, while, in spite of, on the other hand, nevertheless等。

1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

2)Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．

3). Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.

3. 利用因果关系——关键词有because, since, for, as, so, in order to, so as to, as a result, thus, therefore等。

1). Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

2). The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

Skill4 利用上下文的语境

1). Without proper identification. Brain and Stewie stow away on a plane that they think is leaving for England.（07上海）The phrase “ stow away ” most proba bly means _________.

A. hide secretly

B. talk excitedly

C. operate easily

D. guide successfully 2). In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. （07上海）

“ Eco-friendly tents” refer to tents________

A. economically desirable

B. favorable to environment

C. for holding music performances

D. designed for disaster relief

3). The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs (扫雪机) is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as

hospital, education, helping the old and so on. The word “ they” refers to_______.

A. snowfalls

B. British people

C. snow-ploughs

D. countries like Britain

利用文化背景和生活常识

1).Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.

2).The snake slithered through the grass.

3). Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.

猜词练习（一）

1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to “ amputate”?

A. cure of

B. cut off

C. take away

D. leave

2. People already use more than half of the world‟s renewable fresh water.

The word “ renewable” refers to the water that _______.

A. is fresh and new

B. can be made new again

C. can be made clean and used again

D. can always be replaced with new water.

3. Hundreds of years ago, much of the Holland was below sea level and was often flooded by the North Sea. This made the land swampy.What does the wor d “ swampy” mean?