大学英语写作教程
大学英语高级写作教程Unit 3
Expository essays include: • Essays that describe how to do something. • Essays that analyze events, ideas, objects, or written works. • Essays that describe a process. • Essays that explain/describe an historical event. • Essays that convey information and explain the topic. • Essays that report about an event/situation.
II. Guidance for Expository Writing
1. Definition of Expository Writing
• Expository essays require that the writer give information, explain the topic or define something. They are best developed by the use of facts and statistical information, cause and effect relationships or examples. • Since they are factual, they are written without emotion and usually in the third person. The use of the pronoun “I” is not usually found in this form of essay.
大学英语写作教程1 第五单元
2. Types of attributives
1) pre-modifiers 2) post-modifiers
1) Pre-modifiers
The three good-looking clever girl
students
My brother’s first novel
2) Post-modifiers
THE APPOSITIVE FRAGMENT
An appositive is a word or group of words which closely follows a noun or pronoun and identifies or explains it. Such a word is “in apposition with” the word it explains. An appositive can never stand alone as a sentence; it is always a part of the sentence which contains the word it explains.
Sentence Fragments
SENTENCE In the distance a blue haze settled over the rooftops. SENTENCE FRAGMENT In the distance a blue haze over the rooftops SENTENCE FRAGMENT In the distance a blue haze settlING over the rooftops
PART IV WRITING PRÉ CIS
A summary or a precis is NOT a personal interpretation of a work or an expression of your opinion of the idea; it is, rather, an exact replica in miniature of the work, often reduced to one-quarter to one-fifth of its size, in which you express the complete argument!
大学英语写作教程PPT
P39-40!!
三,weak reference(隐含的指代关系)
四,broad reference(宽泛的指代关系)
How to improve…
1,修改代词 2,通过增加名词修饰把代 词改为指示性形容词 (demonstrative adj.)
P43!
记牢!!!
第三课,错置和垂悬修饰语
• 一,A modifier
Definition
P22
How to use… Definition
二,Misplaced modifiers:
1,Misplaced words—adverbs 2,Misplaced phrases 3,Misplaced clauses
三weakreference隐含的指代关系四broadreference宽泛的指代关系hhowtoimproveti1修改代词修改代词92通过增加名词修饰把代词改为指示性形容词demonstrativeadj
大学英语写作 (各课提纲)
制作者:智园园
第一课:句子片段
• 一,sentences(记定义) • 二,ineffective sentence fragments(错误的 句子片段) 1,定义
注意 Note! P32-33
第四课,代词的指代关系
• 一,pronouns
1,definition 2,faulty pronouns: A,多个先行词B, 先行词不明显C,没有先行词
大学英语写作教程第三册unit--sentence-variety课件
The group of sentences in a paragraph should be regarded as a whole and should be different enough in types to avoid boredom. This is called sentence variety
The boys leaned against the willow tree (growing) next to the stream, their fishing poles resting on sticks, their eyes gazing at the bobbers on the ripples. The morning had been cool and comfortable, but the afternoon was becoming very hot. Both boys had taken great pleasure in planning for the trip on Friday, their only day off in the whole month.
n Conclusion: Sentences with different lengths are more desirable in writing.
18
9.1 Sentence Variety
n Follow-up activities: p144
n Reference for the Classroom Activities:
1 ) types of sentences:
新视野大学英语(第三版)写作教程2全册答案
新视野大学英语(第三版)写作教程2全册答案本文档提供了《新视野大学英语(第三版)写作教程2》全册的答案。
请注意,这些答案是基于本人的理解和分析,并且仅供参考。
建议在使用时仍以教材为主,灵活运用答案中的思路和方法。
单元一:写作技巧1.1 写作的基本原则- 问:写作的基本原则有哪些?- 答:写作的基本原则包括:- 有明确的主题和中心思想;- 具有逻辑性和连贯性;- 使用准确、简洁和恰当的语言;- 注意段落结构和标点符号的运用。
1.2 写作的步骤和注意事项- 问:写作的步骤和注意事项有哪些?- 答:写作的步骤和注意事项包括:- 确定写作目的和读者对象;- 收集和整理相关素材;- 制定写作计划和提纲;- 进行初步写作和修改;- 注重语法和拼写的准确性;- 最后进行整体修改和润色。
单元二:描写2.1 描写的技巧和方法- 问:描写的技巧和方法有哪些?- 答:描写的技巧和方法包括:- 使用具体而生动的词语和形象;- 运用多种感官来描写;- 使用比喻、拟人和排比等修辞手法;- 注意时态和语态的运用。
2.2 描写的范文和练- 问:有没有描写的范文和练?- 答:下面是一篇描写性文章范文,供参考:> 五彩斑斓的花海迎面扑来,像是一幅绚丽的油画。
鲜艳的红、黄、蓝、紫交织在一起,花朵如同绽放的烟火,散发着芬芳的香气。
微风吹过,花瓣轻轻地摇摆,仿佛在向游客们点头致意。
阳光透过树叶的缝隙洒在花海上,给它披上了一层金色的光晕,犹如仙境一般。
单元三:议论文3.1 议论文的特点- 问:议论文的特点是什么?- 答:议论文的特点包括:- 中心明确,立场鲜明;- 逻辑严密,论据充分;- 引用可靠的数据和事实支持观点;- 考虑反方观点并进行辩驳。
3.2 议论文的写作方法- 问:写议论文有什么方法和技巧?- 答:写议论文时可以采用以下方法和技巧:- 选择具有争议性的话题;- 分清主题句和论据;- 使用恰当的过渡词语和连词;- 提供充分的例子和证据;- 使用恰当的复杂句式和修辞手法。
大学英语高级写作教程Unit 4 Argumentative Writing
2. What is a hot social issue or problem that concerns you and other students you know? Economic advancement Vs environment protection? • Who are to blame for current environmental damage? • The growing CPI? • Should government intervene to save the market? • Talk about this issue or problem and discuss its influence. • What are people doing about this issue or problem? • What is your opinion and why?
• • • •
2. Identify and evaluate the support a writer provides to defend an argument Read the magazine article in the textbook “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?”, which will give you a general idea of argumentative writing. In it, David Daniels questions a traditional teaching method: the lecture class. Before you read, answer these questions: Have you attended any lecture classes in college? If so, what happened in them? Is lecturing an effective way for you to learn? Do you think your experience in lecture classes is typical? Why might some object to lecturing as a teaching method? Why might some defend it?
(完整word版)大学英语写作教程重点
1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
大学英语实用写作教程Chapter four Posters
•
• • • • • • • •
Some requirements:
Reality / truth No exaggeration Concise and brief Short but complete
Attractive style
• For example: • Summer Clearance Sales • All the goods are sold on 30% discount. Please examine and choose them carefully before you pay because there will be no replacement or refunding. You are welcome to make your choice. Enjoy you shopping! • Personal Shopping Service
• • • • • 海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。 (一)标题 海报的标题写法较多,大体可以有以下一些形式: 其一,单独由文种名构成。即在第一行中间写上“海报”字样。 其二,直接由活动的内容承担题目。如“舞讯”、“影讯”、“球讯” 等。 其三,可以是一些描述性的文字。如“×××再显风彩、××寺旧事重 提”。 (二)正文 海报的正文要求写清楚以下一些内容: 第一,活动的目的和意义。 第二,活动的主要项目、时间、地点等。 第三,参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。 (三)落款 要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。 以上的格式是就海报的整体而讲的,实际的使用中,有些内容可以少写 或省略。 Back
6. The purpose or use of a poster
• 广告宣传海报: 可以传播到社会中,为满足人 们的利益. • 现代社会海报: 较为普遍的社会现象,为大数 人所接纳,提供现代生活的重要信息. • 企业海报: 为企业部门所认可.他可以利用到 控制员工的一些思想,引发思考. • 文化宣传海报 : 所谓文化是当今社会必不可 少的..无论是多么偏僻的角落.多么寂静的山 林.都存在这文化.
大学英语实用写作教程Chapter three Notices
More in Chinese
• 通知的格式,包括标题、称呼、正文、落款。 ①标题:写在第一行正中。可只写“通知”二字,如果事情重要或紧 急,也可写“重要通知 ”或“紧急通知”,以引起注意。有的在“通 知”前面写上发通知的单位名称,还有的写上 通知的主要内容。 ②称呼:写被通知者的姓名或职称或单位名称。在第二行顶格写。 (有时,因通知事项简短 ,内容单一,书写时略去称呼,直起正文。) ③正文:另起一行,空两格写正文。正文因内容而异。开会的通知要 写清开会的时间、地点 、参加会议的对象以及开什么会,还要写清要 求。布置工作的通知,要写清所通知事件的目 的、意义以及具体要求 和作法。 ④落款:分两行写在正文右下方,一行署名,一行写日期。 写通知一般采用条款式行文,可以简明扼要,使被通知者能一目了然, 便于遵照执行。
• NOTICE
• June 10, 2005 • ……………………………………………… ………………………. • Students’ Union
Back
Content
• • • • • The basic fundamentals: Date Place Activity ……
Back
• format 2: in the form of letters • NOTICE • All the students and teachers • June10, 2005 • ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ……….. • Students’ Union
通知
不另行文,书写于单位内部告示栏的内部事务通知: 通知 原定今日下午进行的校际足球对抗赛因雨改期, 具体比赛日期经两校协商后,另行通知。 此外,午后的体育活动改为文艺活动,由各班按 预案组织实施。 教导处 x月x日
大学英语实用写作教程教案
一、教学目标1. 培养学生英语写作的基本技能,包括句型结构、段落组织、文章结构等。
2. 提高学生的英语表达能力,使学生能够运用英语进行有效的沟通。
3. 培养学生的批判性思维和创造性思维,提高学生的逻辑推理能力。
4. 培养学生的英语写作兴趣,激发学生的学习积极性。
二、教学内容1. 英语写作基本技能:句型结构、段落组织、文章结构。
2. 英语写作常用词汇和短语。
3. 英语写作常用句型和表达方式。
4. 英语写作技巧:如何构思、如何组织材料、如何修改文章。
5. 英语写作实践:书信、报告、摘要、评论等。
三、教学方法1. 讲授法:讲解英语写作的基本知识和技巧。
2. 讨论法:引导学生进行小组讨论,分享写作心得和经验。
3. 案例分析法:分析优秀英语写作作品,提高学生的写作水平。
4. 实践法:让学生进行写作练习,及时反馈和指导。
四、教学步骤1. 导入新课- 通过提问或小组讨论,引导学生回顾已学过的英语写作知识。
- 提出本节课的学习目标,让学生明确学习方向。
2. 讲解英语写作基本技能- 讲解句型结构、段落组织、文章结构等基本知识。
- 举例说明,让学生理解并掌握相关技巧。
3. 介绍英语写作常用词汇和短语- 列举一些常用词汇和短语,并解释其用法。
- 让学生进行练习,巩固所学知识。
4. 分析英语写作常用句型和表达方式- 举例说明常用句型和表达方式,让学生了解其特点。
- 让学生进行练习,提高运用能力。
5. 讲解英语写作技巧- 讲解如何构思、如何组织材料、如何修改文章等技巧。
- 通过案例分析,让学生了解优秀写作作品的特点。
6. 实践环节- 让学生进行写作练习,如书信、报告、摘要、评论等。
- 教师巡回指导,及时反馈和纠正学生的错误。
7. 总结与反思- 让学生总结本节课所学内容,分享学习心得。
- 教师对本节课进行总结,提出改进建议。
五、教学评价1. 学生对英语写作知识的掌握程度。
2. 学生在写作练习中的表现,包括文章结构、语言表达、逻辑性等。
大学英语写作教程答案大学英语写作教程蔡基刚
大学英语写作教程答案大学英语写作教程蔡基刚蔡基刚这个人,它有编写过一本书籍是专门针对我们大学生的英语写作的,我们来了解了解。
下面是WTT给大家整理的蔡基刚大学英语写作教程,供大家参阅!蔡基刚大学英语写作教程介绍《大学英语写作教程》除了介绍英语写作基本理论和各种文体作文的写法外,另外还有三章介绍命题写作、图表写作和信函写作。
分析了大学英语四、六级考试作文、硕士研究生入学考试作文、托福考试作文、爱普考试作文和雅思考试作文等的命题题型、特点以及应试技巧。
并且考虑到学生在学习和工作中的需要,还介绍了常用的英语书信写法。
《大学英语写作教程》共18章,可供一个学期36课时使用。
一般按章的顺序实施教学。
但也可以根据需要进行选择。
尤其是第5章“词的变化”,第10章“句型变化”和第15章“修饰运用”,可先可后。
各章中对“语言”部分的讲授更是可以结合讲评学生习作,穿插进行。
蔡基刚大学英语写作教程简介《大学英语写作教程》除了用三章篇幅真心诚意让讨论词和句子的使用和表达外,在每章后还另辟了一个“语言”板块,用经比较英语言不同的表达特点并讨论学会地道的英语表达。
蔡基刚大学英语写作教程目录第1章段落的构筑1.写作分析:Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads1.1 段落的组成1.2 主题句2.语言:动态动词的使用3.练习第2章段落的发展1.写作分析:Daydream a Little1.1 统一性1.2 连贯性1.3 发展性2.语言:形合和意合3.练习第3章开头和结尾1.写作分析:Turning Failure into Success1.1 引言部分1.2 结尾部分2.语言:抽象名词表达3.练习第4章篇章的连贯1.写作分析:Nerds and Geeks 1.1 首尾句呼应1.2 中心思想串联1.3 主题句的关联1.4 过渡段的使用2.语言:抽象化表达3.练习第5章词汇的变化1.写作分析:How to Bee Gifted?1.1 同义词1.2 近义词1.3 派生词1.4 上下义词1.5 具体与笼统关系1.6 同义结构2.练习第6章正文的发展1.写作分析:The Fifth Freedom 1.1 一致性1.2 层次性1.3 发展性2.语言:非人称表达3.练习第7章叙述性作文1.写作分析:The Present1.1 主题1.2 视角1.3 背景1.4 顺序1.5 情节1.6 伏笔1.7 象征2.语言:词的效果3.练习第8章原因性作文1.写作分析:Why They Excel?1.1 原因性结构1.2 分析性结构1.3 综合性结构2.语言:副词、形容词的运用3.练习第9章比较性作文1.写作分析:Methods of Education:East and West1.1 两种基本方法1.2 两种基本结构2.语言:减少动词使用3.练习第10章句型变化1.写作分析:Winstorn Churchill-His Other Life1.1 句子开头变化1.2 句子结构变化1.3 句子长短变化2.练习第11章评论性作文1.写作分析:College Lectures:Is Anybody Listening?1.1 反对写法1.2 赞成写法1.3 平衡写法1.4 给编辑写信2.语言:多种表达法3.练习第12章辩驳性作文1.写作分析:Ditch the Calculator2.语言:树型结构3.练习第13章方法介绍性作文1.写作分析:Plain Talk about Handl ing Stress 1.1 引言部分:重要性1.2 正文部分:操作步骤2.语言:表达顺序3.练习第14章信函作文1.写作分析:An Exchange of Letters1.1 公务信函1.2 求职信1.3 简历1.4 询问信1.5 备忘录2.语言:语体意义3.练习第15章修辞运用1.写作分析:What Makes a Leader?1.1 比喻1.2 叠言1.3 平行句1.4 设问句2.语言:文化内涵第16章命题作文1.写作分析:Essay Questjon1.1 四、六级考试作文1.2 硕士研究生入学考试作文1.3 托福考试作文1.4 爱普考试作文1.5 雅思考试作文1.6 评分标准1.7 应试技巧2.语言:主题主语3.练习第17章图表作文1.写作分析:Population Growth and WildIife 1.1 图表1.2 图画2.语言:词语搭配3.练习第18章学术写作1.写作分析:Physical Effects of Ma州uana Use 1.1 论文1.2 摘要3.练习参考文献看过蔡基刚大学英语写作教程的人还看了:1.大学英语写作教程怎么考试2.大学英语基础写作教程3.大学英语写作课怎么上4.大学英语记叙文的写作5.大学英语写作方法。
新视野大学英语第三版写作教程第一册作文带翻译
新视野大学英语第三版写作教程第一册作文带翻译本文旨在概述《新视野大学英语第三版写作教程第一册》的作文内容,并附带中文翻译。
该教材适用于大学英语研究,旨在提高学生的写作能力。
第一单元:写作准备本单元介绍了写作的基本概念和技巧,帮助学生建立写作的基础。
主要内容包括写作的定义、写作的重要性以及写作的基本要素等。
通过本单元的研究,学生可以掌握写作的基本知识和技巧。
第二单元:描写本单元着重培养学生对事物的观察和描写能力。
学生将研究如何运用形容词、副词等描写手法,以及如何使用比喻和拟人等修辞手法来增强描写的效果。
通过大量实例的训练,学生可以提高自己的描写水平。
第三单元:叙述本单元主要讲述了叙述文的写作技巧。
学生将研究如何组织和展开叙述,并掌握叙述文常用的过渡词和结构。
通过阅读和写作练,学生可以提高叙述文的写作能力。
第四单元:说明本单元重点讲解了说明文的写作方法和技巧。
学生将研究如何清晰地解释和阐述观点,并掌握说明文的常用表达方式。
通过实践和反复训练,学生可以提高说明文的写作能力。
第五单元:议论本单元介绍了议论文的写作技巧和策略。
学生将研究如何合理地陈述观点、分析问题,并掌握论证的方法和手段。
通过反复练和写作,学生可以提高自己的议论文写作水平。
中文翻译请注意,以上内容为英文摘要,是对《新视野大学英语第三版写作教程第一册》的概览。
整本教材以简洁明了的语言介绍了写作的基本知识、技巧和策略,旨在帮助大学生提高英语写作能力。
每个单元都有具体的主题,例如描写、叙述、说明和议论等,通过练习和实践,学生可以逐步提升自己的写作水平。
大学英语写作教程重点
1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
大学英语写作教程1 第八单元讲解
Mary likes that shop very much, so she goes to that shop almost every week.
Object clause
He advised that she (should) be patient . We consider it right that she should
be patient. Can you tell us what has happened ? Are you aware how much the fine for this is ? I have never seen the house but I have an
➢ What he has said in the meeting is sheer
nonsense.
3) introduced by other WH-word
▪ Join the following two sentences together.
▪ When will she go home? ▪ It is not certain.
hotel.
Similarity and difference between
coordination and subordination:
Similarity: Both of them can be used to combine two clauses into one sentence.
Difference: The two clauses in coordinate sentences can be used independently because either of their meanings is complete. However, in subordination, only one clause keeps a complete meaning and can be used independently.
大学英语专业写作教程
Unit 1Part II FocusDenotation and ConnotationSuggest answer to the questionIf it is your teacher,most probably you will choose b,as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman,large and portly). However,if it is a doorkeeper,an amiable middle-aged woman,you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). Form this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father:the male parent. It connotes support and sternness;it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.Wildflower:uncultivated plant;it connotes vitality and pleasantness.spirit,and toughness.b. Anyway,she has the characteristics of a woman,such as frailty and delicacy. Note:These activities can be used for either individual or group work.AttitudeReference for Classroom Activities3. Ask student to compare their writings in Warm-Up-Activities,point out words or phrases that show attitude or feelings and then check if they are used correctly. CollectionSuggested answers for exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a s gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2)D 3) A 4)B 5)C 6)C 7)B2.Now ask students to pay special attention to collocation in their writing. False FriendsSuggested answer to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends---flour and flower,ground ( as the past participle of the verb grind ) and ground ( meaning the solid surface of the earth ). In this excerpt,the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position,and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationery,or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3.Some other false friends:Fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.Passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick;I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she sinks further and further into depression.PART III GRAMMARSubject-Verb AgreementSubject-verb agreement is a very complicated issue and it is not our intention to cover all the ground in this unit. What we attempt to do here is to bring students’attention to some points particularly tricky and let them learn by practice. The method we use in the grammar section of this book is the discovery approach ---to let students find out their own answers. We hope this can raise students’ interest in learning grammar and sharpen their inductive skills.When the subject is compoundPreference for the Classroom ActivitiesReference for the Classroom ActivitiesAll the sentences are correct.structureReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaignpledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one think and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Part IV WRITINGNote( 1 )Sample 1Suggested to answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyquick,easy,and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:-----the addressee ----the person(s) to whom the note is written;-----the message;-----the sender.3.Notes are characterized by their brevity,informality in style,and dedication tosingle topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-handed corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may,at times,need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose is put before your signature as the sample shows.Part V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1. a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree,enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4,000students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2.The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1) experienced (2) elapsed(3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made(7)endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astoundingsuccess.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium forthe music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative,judicial,and executivebranches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done verywell in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK.,she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in. what fascinated her instead wads the culture differences between the two countries. She found people there liked them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually,she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years,she settled down in the UK,and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Each boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the student was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’ gun,and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the woman who have made this country what it is.。
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大学英语写作教程
大学英语写作教程
大学英语写作是大学英语教学的重要组成部分,它的目标是培养学生的英语写作能力,提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
下面是一份大学英语写作教程,旨在帮助学生全面了解写作技巧和写作方法。
第一部分:写作基础知识
1. 英语写作的特点和要求:英语写作与中文写作有许多区别,如语法规则、词汇使用等。
此外,英语写作更注重逻辑性、简洁性和准确性。
学生需要了解写作的基本要求和特点,为后续学习打下基础。
2. 写作步骤:写作不是一蹴而就的过程,它需要经历思考、准备、组织、写作和修改等阶段。
学生需要学会正确的写作步骤,以提高写作效率和写作质量。
3. 写作技巧:写作技巧是提高写作水平的重要手段。
学生需要学习如何构思、如何选材、如何组织文章结构、如何运用修辞手法等各种写作技巧,以使文章更具说服力和吸引力。
第二部分:写作实战训练
1. 基础写作练习:通过一些简单的基础写作练习,帮助学生巩固基本写作知识和技巧。
例如,学生可以练习写句子、段落、
短文等,从而提高写作表达能力。
2. 写作任务练习:按照学习阶段的不同,为学生提供不同难度的写作任务练习。
例如,可以让学生写一篇个人经历,写一篇观点阐述,写一篇实用文等,通过不断的写作实践,提高学生的写作水平和能力。
3. 写作评析:在写作实践过程中,教师可以对学生的写作作品进行评析和修改。
指出学生写作中存在的问题和不足,并提供相关的改进建议,以帮助学生改进写作技巧和提高写作质量。
第三部分:写作素材和进阶训练
1. 写作素材:提供丰富的写作素材,如名人名言、社会热点、历史事件等。
学生可以利用这些素材进行写作练习,拓宽思路和积累写作经验。
2. 进阶训练:针对学生不同的写作需求和水平,提供进阶训练。
例如,可以让学生写一篇复杂的学术论文,写一篇演讲稿等,以挑战学生的写作能力和提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
第四部分:写作技巧指导
1. 修改和润色:教授学生如何对自己的写作作品进行修改和润色,包括语法、词汇、句子结构、篇章结构等方面的改进。
帮助学生提高写作的准确性和流畅性。
2. 阅读与写作关联:培养学生对阅读的兴趣和阅读理解能力,
通过阅读优秀的英语写作作品,帮助学生提高自己的写作水平和写作风格。
总之,大学英语写作教程的目标是帮助学生提高英语写作能力,培养他们的综合语言运用能力。
通过系统的写作训练和指导,学生可以逐渐掌握写作的基本知识和技巧,提高写作表达能力和写作质量。