关于国际会议论文精选3篇
国际会议范文
国际会议范文国际会议，作为全球范围内各领域专业人士交流与合作的重要平台，对于推动知识传播、促进创新合作以及解决全球性问题发挥着至关重要的作用。
下面将为您呈现一篇国际会议的示例，以便让您对其有更全面和深入的了解。
一、会议主题本次国际会议的主题为“可持续发展与全球合作：应对气候变化的创新策略”。
这一主题的选定旨在聚焦当今世界面临的最为紧迫和关键的挑战之一——气候变化，并探讨如何通过可持续发展和全球范围内的通力合作来寻找创新的应对策略。
二、会议背景随着全球工业化进程的加速和人类活动的不断扩展，气候变化已经成为了一个全球性的威胁。
极端天气事件日益频繁，海平面上升，生态系统失衡，这些都给人类的生存和发展带来了巨大的挑战。
在此背景下，国际社会对于采取积极有效的行动来应对气候变化的呼声越来越高。
三、会议目的本次会议旨在汇聚来自世界各地的政府官员、科学家、企业家、社会组织代表等各界人士，共同探讨在可持续发展框架下应对气候变化的创新思路和切实可行的解决方案。
通过分享经验、交流观点、促进合作，推动全球在应对气候变化方面取得实质性的进展。
四、会议时间和地点会议于具体年份具体月份具体日期至具体日期在举办城市名称的会议中心名称举行。
五、会议议程会议共分为以下几个主要环节：1、开幕式由主办方领导致辞，强调会议的重要意义和目标，并对与会嘉宾表示热烈欢迎。
2、主题演讲邀请了多位在气候变化领域具有卓越成就和深厚影响力的专家学者发表主题演讲，深入剖析气候变化的现状、趋势以及应对的紧迫性和必要性。
3、分论坛讨论设立了多个分论坛，分别围绕“可再生能源的发展与应用”、“能源效率提升的技术创新”、“绿色金融与可持续投资”、“气候变化对农业和粮食安全的影响及应对”、“城市可持续发展与低碳交通”等议题展开深入讨论。
4、案例分享来自不同国家和地区的代表分享了在可持续发展和应对气候变化方面的成功案例和实践经验，为其他地区提供了有益的借鉴。
5、互动交流安排了专门的互动交流环节，与会者可以就关心的问题向专家提问，进行面对面的交流和探讨。
国际会议论文4篇
国际会议论文4篇1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：随着全球化的深入发展，跨文化沟通在各个领域的重要性日益凸显。
本文通过分析跨文化沟通的现状，探讨有效的跨文化沟通策略，以促进不同文化背景的人们之间的理解与合作。
关键词：全球化；跨文化沟通；沟通策略；理解与合作3. 论文可持续发展视角下的城市交通规划摘要：随着城市化进程的加快，城市交通问题日益突出。
本文从可持续发展的视角出发，探讨了城市交通规划的原则与方法，以实现城市交通的可持续发展。
关键词：可持续发展；城市交通；规划原则；规划方法4. 论文大数据在环境保护中的应用研究摘要：大数据技术的应用为环境保护提供了新的思路和方法。
本文研究了大数据在环境保护中的应用现状，分析了其优势与挑战，并提出了相应的对策建议。
关键词：大数据；环境保护；应用现状；优势与挑战1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：在全球化日益加深的今天，跨文化沟通能力成为个人和团队在国际舞台上成功的关键。
本文旨在深入分析跨文化沟通的挑战，并提出一系列实用策略，帮助读者在多元文化环境中建立有效的沟通桥梁。
关键词：全球化；跨文化沟通；沟通策略；多元文化环境3. 论文可持续发展视角下的城市交通规划摘要：城市交通规划是实现城市可持续发展的关键环节。
本文从可持续发展理论出发，探讨如何通过创新的城市交通规划策略，解决交通拥堵、减少环境污染，并提升市民生活质量。
关键词：可持续发展；城市交通规划；创新策略；生活质量提升4. 论文大数据在环境保护中的应用研究摘要：大数据技术在环境保护领域的应用日益广泛，从环境监测到污染源分析，大数据提供了强大的技术支持。
本文将介绍大数据在环境保护中的成功案例，并探讨如何利用大数据技术提高环境保护的效率和精准度。
关键词：大数据；环境保护；成功案例；效率与精准度提升1. 论文全球化背景下的跨文化沟通策略研究摘要：全球化不仅带来了经济的融合，也促进了文化的交流。
国际会议范文
国际会议范文会议通知是上级向下级、组织向成员或平行单位部署工作、传达事物或召开会议等使用的应用文。
你知道国际会议通知模式怎么写吗？下面简单介绍一下国际会议范文的相关资料，希望对你有所帮助。
樊——关于第三届xx大学研究生国际学术会议的通知为了进一步营造科研氛围，拓宽研究生的国际学术视野，搭建研究生展示科研成果的平台，提升研究生的科研能力、学术水平和国际交流能力，第三届xx大学研究生国际学术会议将于20xx年11月18日至20日举行。
现将有关事项通知如下：一.组织结构本次研究生国际学术会议由xx大学研究生院主办，国际教育学院等相关院校协办。
成立第三届研究生国际学术会议组委会，负责具体组织工作。
组委会成员如下：组长：姜菊副组长：刘范王娅彤成员：金泉赖冀州刘左敦文王洪娟刘李燕屈剑秘籍：张、沈男、郑俊子二、开会时间20xx年11月18 -20日三.会议地点中国Xxxx大学四.提交和审查时间表(a)招标范围本次国际学术会议的与会者为xx大学的硕士生、博士生(含国际生)、国内其他高校的硕士生、博士生(含国际生)和国外研究生。
(2)提交时间6月10日至8月31日，国外研究生提交时间为20xx国内研究生(含留学)提交时间为20xx年6月10日至10月1日。
(3)提交要求1.本次学术会议提交的论文分为航空航天、机械、信息、材料、人文管理等六大类。
论文要求研究结果原创，论文内容不保密，不涉及政治和宗教问题。
2.本次学术会议采取研究生提交英语论文和会上交流英语演讲的形式。
所有未发表的论文都可以以任何长度提交。
3.为了保证论文传输的质量和会议论文的正确处理，请投稿人通过电子邮件提交微软办公软件编辑的论文电子文档。
论文格式请参考附件。
4.请将您的投稿发送至：针对在xx大学就读的研究生，将您的投稿发送至：针对其他学生。
邮件标题为论文类别-学校-名称(如：航天-xx大学-张三)(4)复习时间大会组委会将聘请相关专家组成学术委员会，对提交的论文进行匿名评审。
(国际低合金会议论文09)低碳时代鞍钢先进高强度钢低合金钢的发展
低碳时代鞍钢先进高强度低合金钢的发展摘要：最近的十年中，结构钢行业经历一种变革。
面对全球气候和环境变化的挑战，需要高强度、高韧性钢和环境友好型钢。
鞍钢高强度钢生产和应用的研究与开发取得了显著的进步。
但是关注的重点是具有较高强度和比较优良的性能的新型高强度钢板。
多相显微组织、较低的屈强比和耐腐蚀性能组织带来新一代先进高强度钢，这种钢比老钢种的性能更优良。
本文对鞍钢新一代高强度钢的研究和开发进行了综述，预测了可预见的未来先进高强度钢的发展情况。
关键词：高强度钢，节能，减排1 背景21世纪钢材生产技术在材料领域保持快速发展。
2010年，中国钢产量已达6亿吨，这意味着中国已经成为世界最大钢材生产国。
面临着全球气候环境变化的挑战，发展先进高强度钢是促进节能减排的一种最重要的方法。
如果钢材强度从400MPa 提高到800MPa，钢材消耗会大大减少，这有利于节能减排。
这是鞍钢在低碳时代先进高强度低合金钢的研究与开发的重要战略。
该战略有两个方面：一是持续提高设备水平，二是发展先进生产技术。
2008年，鲅鱼圈和鞍钢西部项目高级生产线已在建设中，这大大提高了先进别高强度钢的产能。
此外，生产技术的发展已经成为生产高强度船板、核电站用钢、动力储备油罐钢以及高级别管线钢等高级别高强度钢的推动力。
2 鞍钢高端生产线建设为了提高高强度钢生产能力，在鲅鱼圈建设了一条新生产线，于2008年9月10日投产，年生产650万吨灰铸铁，650万吨粗钢，620万吨轧制钢材。
其主导产品结构集中于具有高技术含量的高附加值产品，包括集装箱用钢板、管线钢板、船板钢、机械结构用钢、锅炉钢板、容器钢板、桥梁板以及建筑用钢。
鞍钢鲅鱼圈钢材项目从设计开始就坚持节能减排理念，以提供高强度钢生产的硬件。
由于产品以高强度钢替代低强度钢为产品导向。
为了生产高强度钢板，在各道工序中采用了很多高级技术，以满足各种不同要求。
炼钢和连铸工艺包括3个铁水脱硫和扒渣站、3个360t顶底复吹转炉、1个精炼炉（LF）、1个ANS-OB钢包精炼炉、2个RH-TB真空脱气装置、2个1450mm连铸机、1个厚板连铸机组成。
英文国际会议演讲稿范文
Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today and share my thoughts on a topic that is of utmost importance to our global community: the impact of climate change on our planet. I would like to thank the organizers for inviting me to this esteemed conference and for providing me with the opportunity to express my views on this critical issue.As we all know, climate change is a pressing global challenge that threatens the very existence of our planet. The past few decades have witnessed a significant rise in the Earth's average temperature, leading to severe weather patterns, rising sea levels, and the loss of biodiversity. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and affect every corner of the world, from the smallest village to the largest metropolis.In this speech, I will discuss the causes of climate change, its impact on our planet, and the steps we can take to mitigate its effects. I will also highlight the importance of international cooperation and the role of each individual in addressing this global crisis.Firstly, let us examine the causes of climate change. The primary driver of climate change is the increase in greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases trap heat and lead to the greenhouse effect, which causes global temperatures to rise.The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions are human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Deforestation, industrial processes, and agriculture alsocontribute significantly to the problem. The industrial revolution marked the beginning of a rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which have continued to rise at an alarming rate.The impact of climate change on our planet is profound and varied. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and ecosystems, leading to the displacement of millions of people. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, have become more frequent and severe, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.Moreover, climate change affects biodiversity, with many species facing extinction due to habitat loss and changing environmental conditions. The disruption of ecosystems has cascading effects on human societies, including the loss of food security, water scarcity, and increased health risks.To address the challenges posed by climate change, it is essential to take immediate and decisive action. Here are some of the steps we can take:1. Transition to renewable energy sources: We must phase out fossilfuels and invest in renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. This shift will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create new job opportunities in the green energy sector.2. Promote sustainable agriculture and land use: Sustainable farming practices can reduce emissions from the agricultural sector and protect biodiversity. We must also address deforestation by implementing strict policies to protect forests and promoting sustainable land management.3. Enhance energy efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in industries, transportation, and buildings can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Governments should invest in research and development of new technologies and incentivize businesses and individuals to adopt energy-efficient practices.4. Strengthen international cooperation: Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and commitment. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, are essential in coordinating efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.5. Raise awareness and education: Educating the public about the causes and consequences of climate change is crucial in fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. We must encourage individuals to make sustainable choices in their daily lives and promote environmental stewardship.In conclusion, climate change is a global crisis that demands our immediate attention and collective action. The challenges we face areimmense, but the potential for positive change is even greater. By transitioning to renewable energy, promoting sustainable practices, enhancing energy efficiency, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the effects of climate change and secure a sustainablefuture for our planet.Ladies and gentlemen, it is up to us to take responsibility for our actions and work together to address this urgent issue. Let us not delay; the time to act is now. Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions you may have.Thank you.。
国际会议发言稿(精选多篇)
国际会议发言稿(精选多篇)第一篇：国际学术会议发言1.prologuethank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction. i am honored to have the chance to asion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farmers’ choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as follows. the first part i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choicemodel .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a simple conclusion is given.2.introductionwell, let’s move on the first part of thistopic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for example , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets.i want to use a picture to illustrate it. forexample, given some market channels, farmers’ choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related totransacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers’ market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters’ choices.3.methodologylet’s move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer η needs to allocate the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q( p , w , z ? ) , qη m eans the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here w e use three cc()cη means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagriculturalproduct,z ?suggests the fluctuation of cη. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?c?, qη means the amount of agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel j’s market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers’ negotiating power.pij?p*j?b(qi,zi)besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ?? ik ?and then farmers’ choice can be expressed in a typical choice modelexp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1 exp(xij?)? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers’ channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly.4.data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution withthis map. according to the agriculturalregionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts:bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red color, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly, we use pps method to get the first stage sampling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sample method to get village and household. they are our sample distribution.5.empirical results6.conclusions第二篇：国际会议国际会议：2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering(icese 2020)post by：2020-7-24 19:09:28 [只看该作者]2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineeringmay. 26, 2020 news! the icese 2020 papers are available in the vol.8 of ipcbee. (click)mar.16, 2020 news! the conference program of icese 2020 is available now. (click)welcome to the official website of the 2020 2nd international conference on environment science and ed during april 7-8 2020, in bangkok, thailand. icese 2020, aims to bring together researchers, scientists, ehe practical challengesencountered and the solutions adopted.change and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results about all aspects of environment scie the conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and expsensors and related areas. icese 2020 will be published in one volume of ipcbee, and all papers will be y digital library, and indexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).call for papers2020 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering, icese 2020 is the premier forum for esearch results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and applied environment science and engineering. the confereers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world.topics of interest for submission include,environmental science and technologyenvironmental dynamicsmeteorologyhydrologygeophysicsatmospheric physicsphysical oceanographyglobal environmental change and ecosystems managementclimate and climatic changesglobal warmingozone layer depletioncarbon capture and storagebiofuelsintegrated ecosystems managementsatellite applications in the environmentenvironmental restoration and ecological engineeringhabitat reconstructionbiodiversity conservationdeforestationwetlandslandscape degradation and restorationground water remediationsoil decontaminationeco-technologybio-engineeringenvironmental sustainabilityresource managementlife cycle analysisenvironmental systems approachrenewable sources of energy-energy savingsclean technologiessustainable citieshealth and the environmenthealth related organismshazardous substances and detection techniques biodegradation of hazardous substancestoxicity assessment and epidemiological studiesquality guidelines, environmental regulation and monitoringindoor air pollutionwater resources and river basin managementregulatory practice, water quality objectives standard setting, water quality classification public participationeconomic instrumentsmodeling and decision support toolsinstitutional developmenttransboundary cooperationmanagement and regulation of point and diffuse pollutionmonitoring and analysis of environmental contaminantground water managementwastewater and sludge treatmentnutrients removalsuspended and fixed film biological processesanaerobic treatmentprocess modellingsludge treatment and reusefate of hazardous substancesindustrial wastewater treatmentadvances in biological, physical and chemical processeson site and small scale systemsstorm-water managementair pollution and controlemission sourcesatmospheric modeling and numerical predictioninteraction between pollutantscontrol technologiesair emission tradingsolid waste managementwaste minimizationoptimization of collection systemsrecycling and reusewaste valorizationtechnical aspects of treatment and disposal methods (landfilling, thermal treatment etc) leachate treatmentlegal, economic and managerial aspects of solid waste managementmanagement of hazardous solid wastewater treatment and reclamationdisinfection and disinfection by- productsmanagement of water treatment residualsaesthetic quality of drinking water (taste, odors) effect of distribution systems on potable water qualityreuse of reclaimed watersdexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).important date advanced treatment of water andsecondary effluents (membranes, adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation etc) icese 2020 will be published in one volume of ipcbee, and all papers will be included in engineeringpaper submission (full paper)before december 10, 2020 notification of acceptanceon january 1, 2020final paper submissionbefore january 15, 2020 authors' registrationbefore january 15, 2020 icese 2020 conference datesapril 7 - 8, 2020submission methods1.electronic submission system; ( .pdf)if you can't login the submission system, please try to submit through method2.2.email: icese@ ( .pdf and .doc)第三篇：国际会议invitation letterdear professor li,on behalf of the peking university and the ieee computer society, i would be very pleased to invite you to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2020 international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, 2020.you are an internationally acclaimed scholar and educator. your participation will be among the highlights of the conference.we sincerely hope that you could accept ourinvitation. if you can come, please let us know as soon as possible, since we have to prepare the final program soon. we are looking forward to your acceptance.sincerely yours,wang yangreply letterdear professor wang,many thanks for your letter dated 15th february, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2020 international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, 2020.much to my regret, i shall not be able to honor the invitation because i have been suffering from a disease since this summer. i am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future.i feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of computer science.i wish the conference a complete success. sincerely yours,li minginquiry letterdear sir,thanks you very much for accepting our invitation.i am writing to ask for information about your beijing travel for the session. you will arriver at march 24,and please let me know that your arrival time and specific ways, so that we may arrange person to pick you up. we are looking forward to your arrival.sincerely yours,wang yang第四篇：国际会议中心国际会议中心■长隆酒店配有国际会展中心，这是华南地区最大的国际会展中心之一，独立的一整栋楼供您举办商务宴会、商务会议、主题婚宴等等。
国际会议论文致谢
国际会议论文致谢篇一：国际会议论文标准模板 Pa perTitl e Su btit le a s Ne eded Jun HUA NG,Hail in Z HANG2 11 De pt.name oforga niza tion, na me o f or gani zati on,acro nyms acc epta ble,Cit y, C ount ry 2 Dep t. n ameof o rgan izat ion, nam e of org aniz atio n, a cron ymsacce ptab le,City, Co untr y Em ail: add ress, ad dres s Ab stra ct:This ele ctro nicdocu ment def ines thesta ndar d fo rmat oftheChin eseacad emic con fere ncepro-ceed ings pub lish ed b y th eSc ient ific Res earc h Pu blis hing (SR P).Theelem ents suc h as the pap er t itle, au thor,af fili atio n, a bstr act, sec tion tit le,main tex t, f igur e, t able and ref eren cesaredefi ned, andthi s do cume nt i s fo r-ma tted acc ordi ng t o th e SR P st anda rd,whic h il lust rate s al l th efo rmat s. (请注意：字数应控制在100-150之间) Key word s: t empl ate; for mat; SRP;ac adem ic c onfe renc e; p roce edin gs 标题副标题黄军，张海玲2 1 12单位，城市，国家，邮编单位，城市，国家，邮编Emai l: a ddre ss,addr ess摘要：本电子文档定义了由Sci enti ficRese arch Pub lish ing（SRP）出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式。
国际会议发言稿论文题目
国际会议发言稿论文题目
尊敬的各位嘉宾、各位专家、各位与会代表：
大家好！非常高兴能够在这里参加这次国际会议，并有机会和各位一同探讨和交流关于**（论文题目）**的相关议题。
我是**（姓名）**，来自**（单位/国家）**，今天非常荣幸能够
在这里为大家分享我的研究成果和见解。
首先，我想介绍一下我所进行的研究主题。
**（论文题目）**，这是一个非常重要的议题，在当今社会中受到了广泛的关注。
**（在此简要概述论文题目的重要性和研究意义，包括研究背景，相关领域现状，以及研究目的和意义。
）**
在我的研究中，我采用了**（具体的研究方法和手段）**进行了**（研究对象或范围）**的调查和分析，并在**（研究时间范围）**内进行了充分的数据收集和整理。
通过对**（研究结果）**的分析和总结，我得出了**（研究结论和观点）**。
接下来，我想和大家分享一些我在研究过程中的一些发现和心得体会。
**（根据具体论文内容，分享一些研究过程中的心得和发现，突出自己的研究亮点和创新之处。
）**
在这里，我希望能够和各位一起探讨的是关于**（论文主要观点或问题之一）**。
**（在此介绍一个重要问题或观点，引发与会者的讨论和思考。
）**
最后，我希望我们能够在这次会议上建立起更多的联系与合作，
并且共同探讨解决**（论文主要问题或观点之一）**这一重要议题的办法和途径。
只有通过不懈的努力和合作，我们才能够更好地推动**（论文主题）**的研究和发展，为人类社会的进步做出更大的贡献。
谢谢大家！。
国际会议汇报演讲稿
国际会议汇报演讲稿尊敬的各位领导、各位嘉宾、女士们、先生们：大家好！我今天非常荣幸能够在这个重要的国际会议上为大家做汇报演讲。
首先，我想向各位领导和与会者致以最诚挚的问候和感谢，感谢你们在百忙之中能够参加本次会议，为推动全球合作与发展作出贡献。
作为国际会议的主题之一，我想谈谈全球环境保护与可持续发展的问题。
在过去几十年里，人类社会取得了巨大的发展成就。
然而，这种发展也带来了一系列环境问题，如气候变化、生物多样性丧失和水资源短缺等。
这些问题已经严重影响了我们的生活和未来。
因此，保护环境和实现可持续发展成为当今全球社会面临的重要任务。
为了应对这些挑战，国际社会需要采取联合行动。
首先，我们需要加强全球环境保护的法律法规，并制定并执行严格的环境标准。
同时，我们需要推动技术创新和转让，开发更清洁、可持续的能源和资源利用方式，减少对环境的影响。
此外，全球合作和合理分工也是实现环境保护和可持续发展的关键。
各国应当共同承担责任，共享资源，共同推进环境保护工作。
作为一个发展中国家，我们深知环境保护对于可持续发展的重要性。
我们采取了一系列措施来应对气候变化和其他环境问题。
我们加大了环境保护的投入，推广可再生能源的利用，加强了对生态环境的保护。
我们还与发达国家开展了技术合作，共同研究和推广环保技术。
我们希望通过这些努力，为全球环境保护做出贡献。
最后，我想呼吁各国加强合作，共同应对环境问题。
让我们摒弃短视的发展模式，共同推动可持续发展的实现。
只有通过全球合作，才能够保护我们共同的家园，实现人与自然和谐共生的美好愿景。
谢谢大家！。
国际会议发言稿英文精选多篇
国际会议发言稿英文(精选多篇)第一篇：国际会议--英文表示欢迎：good morning, ladies and gentlemen, i’m privileged to welcome you all to “the current status and future development of cotton machinery” conference.自我介绍：let me introduce myself i am dr lifrom beijing, china, and i am going to be the chair for this morning’s session.介绍议题：this conference will focus on the discussion of the various aspects of cotton machinery. it includes the application of cotton machinery and the current status.and we will also discuss the prospect of cotton machinery. 介绍报告人：now it gives me great pleasure to introduce today’sparticipants. they are :han dan, the director general of the united nations industrial development organization(联合国工业发展组织总干事)zhang hui, president of china power investment group company.shang fengjiao, professor of physics ,head of american nuclear energy association.now, we welcome the opening of han dan do for us（现在，我们欢迎aa 为我们做致开幕词）aa上台today our first speaker isbb hui. let’s welcomebb上台thanks professor bb very much for her splendid report. after pro bb’s speech , do you have any questions, hands up please!提问者提问any additional questions ?thank you once again for your excellent explanationnow, let’s welcome the speech by professor cccc上台thank professor cc for his excellent remarks cc. after pre cc’s report is there any specific question you would like to address to professor cc?提问者提问any additional questions ?well, i am sure we could discuss longer, but unfortunately time is up. thank youvery much, dr ccthanks for the excellent report of the two experts. finally let’s welcome to professor aa, give us a summary of conference.aa上台（报告总结，宣布闭幕）i’d like to thank all the representatives for their excellent remarks. also i should thank all the organizing committee for their arrangement and organization. meanwhile, i hope you’ll enjoy your stay in harbin.第二篇：国际学术会议发言稿1. prologuethank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction. i am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farmers’choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as follows. the first part i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choice model .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a (转载请注明来源：)simple conclusion is given.2. introductionwell, let’s move on the first part of this topic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for example , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets.i want to use a picture to illustrate it. for example, given some market channels, farmers’choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related to transacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers.furthermore, farmers’market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters’choices.3. methodologylet’s move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer η needs to allocate the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q( p , w , z ? ) , qη means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here we use three cc()cη means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product,z ?suggests the fluctuation of cη. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?c?, qη means the amount of agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel j’s market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers’negotiating power.pij?p* j?b(qi,zi)besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ?? ik ?and then farmers’choice can be expressed in a typical choice model exp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1 exp(xij?)? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers’channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly.4. data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. according to the agricultural regionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts: bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red color, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly, we use pps method to get the first stage sampling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sample method to get village and household. they are our sample distribution.5. empirical results6. conclusions第三篇：国际友人发言稿英文翻译国际友人发言稿尊敬的各位领导，亲爱的各位同学们：大家下午好！今天很荣幸能够站在这里参加此次活动。
国际会议发言稿(完整版)
国际会议发言稿国际会议发言稿第一篇：国际学术会议发言稿1. prologuethank ou, mr. hairman, for our graious introdution. i am honored to have the hane to address ou on this speial oasion. the topi of m paper is “transation ost and farmers’ hoie of agriultural produts selling”. the outline of m talk as follos. the first part i ant to introdue the bakground ofthis researh. the seond part suggests a simple household hoie model .the third part overs the data used in this researh. and then, e introdue the empirial results. finall, a simple onlusion is given.introdutionell, let’s move on the first part of this topi .the motivation of this ork like this. institutional eonomis posits that agents making deisions on different tpes of transations do so in a ostl a .for example , farmers deiding sell a partiular rop to hom base their deisions not onl on the prie the expet to reeive in eah market hoie but also on additional osts related to transating in these markets.i ant to use a piture to illustrate it. for example, given some market hanne ls, farmers’ hoies an be regarded as equilibrium beteen the surplus and the additional osts that related to transating .espeiall in developing ountries, high-value rop produers full partiipate in the market and the transation ost has been the hard onstraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers’ market hoies an be taken as a hoie dilemma of transation ost and prodution surplus. onsequentl, the sientifi question of this researh is ho transation ost affets planters’ hoies.3. methodologlet’s move to the theoretia l model of our researh. onsider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer η needs to alloate the input fators .this proess an qbe set into a funtion like this q? ? q, qη means the output farmers deide qto produe .p implies the output prie implies input prie and.z: ? is fixed input. one produe hat and produe ho man are deided, next question to be onsidered is ho muh produts to be transated in market. here e use three leahate treatmentlegal, eonomi and managerial aspets of solid aste managementmanagement of hazardous solid asteater treatment and relamationdisinfetion and disinfetion b- produtsmanagement of ater treatment residualsaestheti qualit of drinking ater iese 201X ill be published in one volume of ipbee, and all papers ill be inluded in engineeringpaper submission before deember 10, 201X notifiation of aeptaneon januar 1, 201X final paper submissionbefore januar 15, 201X authors' registrationbefore januar 15, 201X iese 201X onferene datesapril 7 - 8, 201Xsubmission methods:1. eletroni submission sstem;if ou an't login the submission sstem, please tr to submit through methodemail:*************第三篇：国际会议invitation letterdear professor li,on behalf of the peking universit and the ieee puter soiet, i ould be ver pleased to invite ou to attend and hair a session of the forthing 201X international onferene on parallel data proessing to be held in beijing, from marh 25 to marh 28, 201X.ou are an internationall alaimed sholar and eduator. our partiipation ill be among the highlights of the onferene.e sinerel hope that ou ould aept our invitation. if ou an e, please let us kno as soon as possible, sine e have to prepare the final program soon. e are looking forard to our aeptane.sinerel ours,ang angrepl letterdear professor ang,man thanks for our letter dated 15th februar, inviting me to attend and hair a session of the forthing 201Xinternational onferene on parallel data proessing to be held in beijing, from marh 25 to marh 28, 201X.muh to m regret, i shall not be able to honor the invitation beause i have been suffering from a disease sine this summer. i am firml advised that it ould be unise to undertake an distant and long travel in the near future.i feel ver sad to miss the opportunit of meeting ou and man others in the field of puter siene. i ish the onferene a plete suess. sinerel ours,li minginquir letterdear sir,thanks ou ver muh for aepting our invitation. i am riting to ask for information about our beijing travel for the session. ou ill arriver at marh 24, and please let me knothat our arrival time and speifi as, so that e ma arrange person to pik ou up. e are looking forard to our arrival.sinerel ours,ang ang第四篇：国际会议中心国际会议中心■长隆酒店配有国际会展中心，这是华南地区最大的国际会展中心之一，独立的一整栋楼供您举办商务宴会、商务会议、主题婚宴等等。
关于国际会议论文精选3篇
关于国际会议论文精选3篇大家上午好!今天我汇报的主题是：基于改进型LBP算法的运动目标检测系统。
运动目标检测技术能降低视频监控的人力成本，提高监控效率，同时也是运动目标提取、跟踪及识别算法的基础。
图像信号具有数据量大，实时性要求高等特征。
随着算法的复杂度和图像清晰度的提高，需要的处理速度也越来越高。
幸运的是，图像处理的固有特性是并行的，尤其是低层和中间层算法。
这一特性使这些算法，比较容易在FPGA等并行运算器件上实现，今天汇报的主题就是关于改进型LBP算法在硬件上的实现。
good morning everyone.My report is about a Motion Detection System Based on Improved LBP Operator.Automatic motion detection can reduce the human cost of video surveillance and improve efficiency [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ]，it is also the fundament of object extraction, tracking and recognition[rekəg'nɪʃ(ə)n]. In this work, efforts ['efəts] were made to establish the background model which is resistance to the variation of illumination. And our video surveillance system was realized on a FPGA based platform.PPT(2)目前，常用的运动目标检测算法有背景差分法、帧间差分法等。
帧间差分法的基本原理是将相邻两帧图像的对应像素点的灰度值进行减法运算，若得到的差值的绝对值大于阈值，则将该点判定为运动点。
国际会议学术论文
国际会议学术论文会议作为一种重要的交流工具，目前已发展成一个全球性的产业。
这是店铺为大家整理的国际会议学术论文，仅供参考!国际会议学术论文篇一对上海发展国际会议市场的新思考【摘要】本文在分析国际会议的现状和发展趋势的基础上，对上海发展国际会议业的优劣势进行了分析，指出世博会前后将是上海国际会议业发展的黄金机遇期，需要政府部门、行业协会和会议企业的共同努力。
【关键词】国际会议上海世博会 PCO DMC一、国际会议市场的现状会议作为一种重要的交流工具，目前已发展成一个全球性的产业。
和展览、旅游一样，会议经济能带动当地旅馆、餐饮、通讯、交通、物流等多个行业发展。
参会人员也常常进行旅游观光等活动，即商务旅游，这是比休闲旅游更高端的、能带来更高利润的市场。
据国际会议协会(ICCA)统计，每年全世界举办的国际会议中，参加国超过4个、参会外宾人数超过50人的各种国际会议有40万个以上，总开销超过2800亿美元。
相对展览而言，会议更具有公共产品的特征。
鉴于国际会议的巨大市场和对地方经济的显著拉动作用，世界各地除了加大对会议设施的投资外，还专门设立官方或半官方的会议和观光局、会议局、会议办事处等非营利机构在国际会议市场上“争会”。
不仅美欧发达国家，周边的韩国、日本、新加坡等都有这样的官方机构，这些机构大多设在政府旅游管理部门之下，这也从一个侧面反映了会议市场竞争的激烈。
2006年中国承办了153个大型国际会议，在世界排名为第14位。
ICCA的CEO Martin Sirk指出：“中国有潜力拥有国际市场60%的市场份额，但是中国同样将面对诸多的挑战，包括政策法规、会议的审批程序及对于会议市场的基本理解。
”同时，我国目前尚无专门负责国际会议的机构，在我国召开的国际会议大多是由有关部委联合举办。
上海市旅游委在这方面做了一些工作，如成立了旅游会展推广中心，2006年、2007年分别聘请了两批民间的“上海会议大使”等，但还没有形成制度化的会议营销机构。
国际学术会议策划书范文3篇
国际学术会议策划书范文3篇Model paper of international academic conference planning汇报人：JinTai College国际学术会议策划书范文3篇前言：策划书是对某个未来的活动或者事件进行策划，是目标规划的文字书及实现目标的指路灯。
撰写策划书就是用现有的知识开发想象力，在可以得到的资源的现实中最可能最快的达到目标。
本文档根据不同类型策划书的书写内容要求展开，具有实践指导意义。
便于学习和使用，本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1：国际学术会议策划书范文(通用版)2、篇章2：国际学术会议策划书模板3、篇章3：国际学术会议策划书范文(最新版)篇章1:国际学术会议策划书范文(通用版)一、会议时间定于6月28日至30日，会期3天。
二、会议地点宿迁学院新图书馆报告厅三、参会人员（100人）1、国务院侨务办公室主任xxx、中国世界华文文学学会会长xxx、世界华文文学联会会长xx、中国作家协会名誉副主席xx、宿迁学院党委书记、院长等领导。
2、港澳和海外以及大陆的知名专家、学者、作家、传媒人士，各所研究机构和高校代表。
四、会议议程见附件。
五、所需经费预算与会学者支付来往机票及当地交通费用，现场会费及其它由宿迁学院负责。
详细见附件。
六、工作分工（下设三个工作组）1、协调组：负责整个会议的组织协调。
组长：xxx2、会务组：负责材料的打印、收集、装袋、分发，会议报到、签到，会场布置，媒体报道等。
组长：xx组员：……3、后勤保卫组：负责经费、食宿安排，纪念品选购，会议人员患病就医及会议保卫工作等。
组长：xxx组员：……篇章2:国际学术会议策划书模板【按住Ctrl键点此返回目录】一、活动背景随着当前日新月异的科技发展和高校国际化程度不断加深，国际学术交流日益频繁。
国际学术会议讲话稿(精选多篇)
国际学术会议发言稿(精选多篇) 第一篇：国际学术会议发言稿1.prologuethankyou,mr.chairman,foryourgraciousintroduction.iamhonor edtohavethechancetoaddressyouonthisspecialoccasion.thetopicof mypaperis“transactioncostandfarmers’choiceofagriculturalpro ductsselling”.theoutlineofmytalkasfoll ows.thefirstpartiwantt ointroducethebackgroundofthisresearch.thesecondpartsuggestsas implehouseholdchoicemodel.thethirdpartcoversthedatausedinthis research.andthen,weintroducetheempiricalresults.finally,asimp leconclusionisgiven.2.introductionwell,let’smoveo nthefirstpartofthistopic.themotivationoft hisworklikethis.institutionaleconomicspositsthatagentsmakingd ecisionsondifferenttypesoftransactionsdosoinacostlyway.forexa mple,farmersdecidingsellaparticularcroptowhombasetheirdecisio nsnotonlyonthepricetheyexpecttoreceiveineachmarketchoicebutal soonadditionalcostsrelatedtotransactinginthesemarkets.iwanttouseapicturetoillustrateit.forexample,givensomemark etchannels,farmers’choicescanberegardedasequilibriumbetweenthesurplusandtheadditionalcoststhatrelatedtotransacting.especi allyindevelopingcountries,high-valuecropproducersfullyparticipateinthemarketandthetransactio ncosthasbeenthehardconstrainttofarmers.furthermore,farmers’m arketchoicescanbetakenasachoicedilemmaoftransactioncostandpro ductionsurplus.consequently,thescientificquestionofthisresear chishowtransactioncostaffectsplanters’choices.3.methodologylet’smovetothetheoreticalmodelofourresearch.considerahou seholdmodelinonerotation.instage1,famerηneedstoallocatethein putfactors.thisprocesscanqbesetintoafunctionlikethisq??q(p,w, z?),qηmeanstheoutputfarmersdecideqtoproduce.pimpliestheoutpu tpricewimpliesinputpriceand.z:?isfixedinput.onceproducewhatan dproducehowmanyaredecided,nextquestiontobeconsideredishowmuch productstobetransactedinmarket.hereweusethreecccηmeanshowfun ctionstodescribethisquestion.thefirstequation,c??p,z?muchagriculturalproductsusedbyfamersthemselves.pimpliesth epricethecagriculturalproduct,z?suggeststhefluctuationofcη.t hesecondequationq??q??c?,qηmeanstheamountofagriculturalprodu ctstransactedinq?n?market.thethirdequationi?q?impliestheamountexchangedi nnthtime.instage3,farmerswilldecidetoselltheproductstowhom.chanelj ’smarketpriceisbdecidedbyanexogenesispriceandfarmers’negotiatingpower.p ij?p*j?b(qi,zi)besidesthis(请帮助宣传),weuseamatrixtoshowthenetprofitofchaneljxik?ik,ik?andthenfarmers’choicecanbeexpressedinatypicalchoicemodel exp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1exp(xij?)?k?1basedonthechoicemodel,anotherimportantconceptisfamers’ch annelchoice.here,wesetfivetypes.theyrankbythemarketbarriers.a ccordingly,wesetagroupdiscretenumbertoexpressthem.y:dependent variabley=5,meansfarmerchoosebrokers.y=1,farmerssellproductstoconsumersdirectly.4.dataandestimationprocedureshere,weillustratethedatadistributionwiththismap.according totheagriculturalregionalizationfromdepartmentofagriculture,t heapplespecializationareasinchinacontaintwoparts:boseaareaand loessplateau.boseaareainredcolor,containshebei,shandongandliaoning3provinces.andloessplateauingreencolor,containsshanxi,he nan,shaanxiandgansu4provinces.firstly,weuseppsmethodtogetthef irststagesamplingunit14countiesin7provinces.thenuserandomsamp lemethodtogetvillageandhousehold.theyareoursampledistribution.5.empiricalresults6.conclusions第二篇：硒—国际学术会议以单一元素作为议题而举行的国际研讨会，硒是最早的，也是唯一的一个，每五年举办一次，至今已召开八届。
ei会议论文格式
ei会议论文格式【篇一：ei检索的国际会议论文标准格式】the structure optimization of the siphonic bedpan’s flow channel based on thenumerical simulation technologyge zhenghao, wang jinshui,su penggang , liang jiangboshaanxi university of science technology, xian, shaanxi, 710021, chinagezh@abstract—according to siphonic bedpan’s work principle, siphonic bedpan with variational section flow channel is put forwards into application in this paper. structure design optimization of siphonic bedpan’s flow channel is discussed. based on making use of pro/e to conduct the parametrization modeling of the siphonic bedpan (the constant section bedpan and the variational section bedpan), and then adopt adina to simulate the flow field in the siphonic bedpan with not taking the filth into consideration. the calculation results of the numerical simulation demonstrate that variational section bedpan is better than the constant section bedpan in flushing and saving water. the results indicates the adoption of adina software to carry out sanitary implement’s numerical simulation can improve the accuracy of the bedpan design and manufacturing consumedly, provides a theories analysis foundation for the engineering, design and application of bedpan.keywords-siphonic bedpan;flowchannelstructure;numerical simulationi. introductionthe software adina is the product of the american company of adina, it is a large numeric calculational system based on the finite element method. it computes the engineering problems that various structure, fluid, the temperature field and several field coupling by solving various physical basic controlling equation. this paper recurs to the pro/e and adina, making use of the parameterization design and numerical simulation, haveresearched siphonic bedpan?s best structure of flow channel. ii.flushing function requirement of sanitaryimplementwith the improving of the people?s life, the request to the sanitary implement is becoming higher and higher. at the same time, it is requested that: (1) full fill the essential function, (2) stress the shape beauty, and (3) saving water. the quality of the sanitary implement has been requested to include exact size tolerance, fine external appearance, physics function, flushing function etc. flushing function is the ability that the bedpan ejects filth, washes it clearly while controlling the amount of water. without question, flush function is one of the uppermost functions. according to the flushing way, bedpan can be divided into wash-down type, siphonic type and ejecting siphonic type. wash-down bedpan rush out filth by the impact of the water, the power is decided by potential energy of the water in tank subtractslosing energy. siphonic bedpan?s flush power primarily relies on siphonic power.iii. the structure design of siphonic bedpan?sflow channel as mentioned above, under the condition of piping water-filled, whatever means we adopt, it will not produce the siphonic phenomenon if air is interfused. so we should make sure that the piping section dimension is appropriate, as figure 1 shows, the diameter of d-e segment is degressive. according to the statics and hydromechanics theories, while the fluid in piping flows stably, the physical volume flux is constant at any section of the pipe. so the smaller of the pipe section, the higher of the current velocity of the fluid. so the diameter change could result in the water velocity change in the d-e segment.figure 1. the structure design of siphonic bedpan?s flow channelthus at the beginning of the siphonic bedpan?s flow channel, the flushing velocity of the water becoming higher and higher, form the e-f segment in advance, expedite siphonic process, reduce the amount of water, attained the purpose of saving water. the d-e segment is rising, and its section diameter is generally among 55-65 mm. the ability of rushing out filth willbe weakend with larger diameter, the result may increase water amount. while the drainage amount in forepart will be influenced with smaller diameter, it will cause the water surface rising, and result in siphonic phenomenon later. the e-f segment is a hump segment, its perfect section diameter generally among 45-55 mm. the f-g segment is a increasing segment, the diameter is becoming bigger from small, and the section is becoming large, it will lower segment?s the current length increase, velocity of in the addition fluid, make make siphonic siphonic phenomenon keep more time, and its section diameter is generally among 55-60 mm.iv. three-dimensional steady numericsimulation for flowing in bedpanbedpan?s geometrical modeling is the most complicated in sanitary implements, its cad model include complicated surface and characteristics, these may result in many difficulties during the numeric simulation and influence the result. considering the siphonic bedpan?s whole flow channel as computing area, and the difficulty to set up the cad model in adina, so this paper make use of pro/e to conduct the parameterization model of the siphonic bedpan. the water warp is 200 mm high, and the pipe diameter in the largest section is 80 mm.then the model is imported into adina8.3 through iges data format. in adina, we still need to predigest the physics model before adding load and boundary conditions. detailed information is as follows:load: velocity (the water warp?s entry velocity is 1.5 m/s),pressure (pressure in piping exit), and in addition,in adina, tetrahedral grid is adopted, and the model is meshed according to appointed unit length being 2 mm to the sections with same diameter. to the constant section bedpan, total meshing grid node amount is 3378, meshing grid unit amount is 15497, and to the variational section bedpan, meshing grid node amount is 2968, meshing grid unit amount is 13818. appointed time step is 100, constant magnitude is 0.1 s, the calculation results are showed as thefigure 2 and 3.figure 2.pressure distributing for the constant section bedpanfigure 3. pressure distributing for the variational section bedpancomparing the above two calculation results and in regard to pressure and velocity, in the approximate sameposition, the variational section bedpan obviously excelled the constant section bedpan. to the constant section bedpan, the maximal pressure is 7.3 e+06(pa), the upmost velocity is 42.32 m/s, the pipe?s exit maximal pressure is -77583 pa, to the variational section bedpan, the maximal pressure is2.178e+08(pa), the upmost velocity is 193.2 m/s, the pipe?s exit bedpan?s maximal flow pressure channel is structure, -227620 pa. because analyzing of the siphonic rising segment, hump segment and descending segment, rising segment diameter is becoming smaller, thus in the beginning of the d-e segment, the water velocity becoming more and more high, filled the hump segment in advance, siphonic process was occurred rapidly. so make the siphonic pressure increase consumedly, and enhance the siphonic power, attained the purpose of saving water.v.the vof analysis on siphonic bedpan?sflushing processa. the vof methodthe vof (volume of fluid) method is defined such a volume fraction f, defining the value of the point having fluid as 1, the value of the point having no fluid as 0. thus, in a mesh unit, the f average value represents the quota that fluid contained the unit. if the average value is 1, the mesh is filled with the fluid, if the average value is 0, then for empty mesh. if the value is between 0 and 1, the mesh is free surface mesh. so it has advantages of easy realization, small calculation quantity,high-precision etc, and can handle complex nonlinear problem such as free surface folding, free surface filling water etc. when the model involves flow theories of the two phases or multi-phase, it introduces the single fluid model to solve problem. namely, in the water-air two phase flow field, water and air obey the same team momentum equation. in the computing area, each controlling volume is filling with water and air, and their volume fraction?s addition should be 1, namely,aw?aa?1among above, ?a? denotes the volume fraction, subscript ?w? and ?a? denote water and air respectively. once the water and air?s volume fractions are known, all their unknown quantity and characteristic parameter can be denoted by average volume fraction. tracking the water-air interface can be solved by nether consecutive equation.?aw?t?v??aw?0thereinto, ?v? denotes velocity vector.b. boundary conditionsc. the result for bedpan’s vof analysisaccording to the above computing conditions, defining initial filled with water, and we can get the result of the bedpan?s condition is, water tank and water envelop are all flushing process in 0-6s. 1) flushing procesthe figure 4 shows flowing field distributions at different moment.figure 4. distributing of flow at different moment by simulation for thevariational section bedpanin the figures above, areas in red colour represent water, areas in navy blue represent air, other colours represent the mixture of water and air. contrasting the flow field distribution of the constant section bedpan to the variational section bedpan, we will found, to the constant section bedpan, pipe?s tiptopduring while 0-5s, to water the variational caput hasn?t section gotten bedpan, across water the caput has already gotten across during 0-1s and in 5.6 s, water because in when the warp the water has flowed caput out got completely. across the pipe?s this mainly tiptop, the siphonic phenomenon happens. water warp?s outflow increases largely. this makes water level drop rapidly and reach lowest level in warp, and then the siphonic phenomenon stops, water velocity becomes lower, water that has not gotten across the pipe?s tiptop start to turn back, and finally become level off. 2) pressure distributionthe figure 5 shows pressure distribution at different moment for the variational section bedpan. in the following figures, to the constant section bedpan, the minus pressure is -695.4 pa,while to the variational section bedpan, the minus pressure is -1733 pa, this difference shows the strong function of siphon. figure 5. pressure distributing at different moment for the variationalsection bedpan3) velocity distributionas the figure 6 shows, velocity for the variational section bedpan is averagely larger than the velocity for the constant section bedpan, consequently, it provide effective gist for variational section bedpan, it can easily achieve effectively flushing aim compared to the constant section bedpan. besides, it indirectly indicates that the variational section bedpan can easily achieve the function of saving water.figure 6. the velocity distribution of the two kind sections bedpan pipevi. conclusionsthis paper studied on the structure optimization of the siphonic bedpan?s flow channel, recurring to finite element software adina, three-dimensional steady flow numeric simulation of water flowing in bedpan is carried out, the vof analysis on siphonic bedpan?s flushing process has also been carried out. the results can help technics designers find outthe disfigurement essentially, enhance the precision inthe porcelain sanitation field. further more, it will shorten the exploiting time and expense of the new product consumedly, bring remarkable economic benefit to producing enterprise.acknowledgmentamerica the preferred spelling is without an “e” of the word “acknowledgment” in after the “g”. avoid the stilted expression, “one of us (r.b.g.) thanks . . .” instead, try “r.b.g. thanks”. put applicable sponsor acknowledgments here; donot place them on the first page of your paper or as a footnote. references[1] yue bangguo, “talking about bedpan?s flushing filth function andsaving water,” chinaware, 2001(5).(in chinese)[2] wu ziniu, the basic elements of computing hydromechanics. beijing:the science press. 2001. 1-8. (in chinese)[3] hong fangwen, “kinetic object round free surface flowing field valuesimulation and experimentation research,” d octor degree thesis. wuxi, jiangsu, china: chinese watercraft science research center. 2001.4. (in chinese)[4] c.w. hirt, b.d. nichols. volume of fluid (vof) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. journal of computational physics, 1981, 39:201-225.[5] lin huzong, phantasmagoric flowing science-multiphasehydromechanics. beijing: the book concern of qinghua university, guangzhou: the book concern of jinan university. (in chinese)[6] wang youcheng, shao min, the theory and numeric method on finiteelement analysis. beijing: the book concern of qinghua university, 1997. (in chinese)【篇二：ei会议论文模板】preparing a two column paper with ms word for windowsw.j. zhou j.tanga.a. balkema publishers, rotterdam, netherlandsc.t.zhaonew institute, gouda, netherlandsabstract: authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction by the publisher. in order to ensure uniform style throughout the volume, all the papers have to be prepared strictly according to the instructions set below. a laser printer should be used to print the text. the publisher will reduce the camera-ready copy to 75% and print it in black only. for the convenience of the authors template files for ms word 6.0 (and higher) are provided. keyword: in order to; ms word 1 general instructions 1.1 type areathe text should fit exactly into the type area of 187 ? 272 mm (7.36 ? 10.71). for correct settings of margins in the page setup dialog box (file menu) see table 1.table 1. margin settings for a4 size paper and letter size paper. * column dialog box in format menu.11 points) for tables (table tags), figure captions(figure caption tag) and the references (reference text tag).never use letterspacing and never use more than one space after each other. 2 getting started2.1 preparing the new file with the correct template copy the template file b2proca4.dot (if you print on a4 size paper) orb2procle.dot (for letter size paper) to the template directory. this directory can be found by selecting the tools menu, options and then by tabbing the file locations. when the word programme has been started open the file menu and choose new. now select the template b2proca4.dot or b2procle.dot (see above). start by renaming the document by clicking save as in the menu files. name your file as follows: first three letters of the file name should be the first three letters of the last name of the first author, the second three letters should be the first letter of the first three words of the title of the paper (e.g. this paper: balpcc.doc). now you can type your paper, or copy the old version of your paper onto this new formated file.2.2 copying old text onto new fileopen your old file and the new file. switch between these two with the window menu. select all text of the old file (excluding title, authors, affiliations and1.2 typefont, typesize and spacinguse times new roman 12 point size and 14 point line spacing (standard; text tag). use roman type except for the headings (heading tags), parameters in mathematics (not for log, sin, cos, ln, max., d (in dx), etc), latin names of species and genera in botany and zoology and the titles of journals and books which should all be in italics. never use bold, except to denote vectors in mathematics. never underline any text. use the small font (10 points onabstract) and paste onto bottom of new file, after having deleted the word introduction (see also section 2.5). check the margin setting (page setup dialog box in file menu) and column settings (see table 1 for correct settings). after this copy the texts which have to be placed in the frames (see sections 2.3 and 2.4 ). in order to avoid disruption of the text and frames, copy these texts paragraph by paragraph without including the first word (which includes the old tag). it is best to first retype the first words manually and then to paste the correct text behind. when the new file contains all the text, the old tags in the text should be replaced by the new balkematags (see section 3). before doing this apply automatic formatting (autoformat in format menu). 2.3 title, author and affiliation frameplace the cursor on the t of title at the top of your newly named file and type the title of the paper in lower case (no caps except for proper names). the title should not be longer than 75 characters). delete the word title (do not delete the paragraph end). place the cursor on the a of a.b. author(s) and type the name of the first author (first the initials and then the last name). if any of the co-authors have the same affiliation as the first author, add his name after an (or a comma if more names follow). delete the words a.b. author etc. and place the cursor on the a of affiliation. type the correct affiliation (name of the institute, city, state/province, country). now delete the word affiliation. if there are authors linked to other institutes, place the cursor at the end of the affiliation line just typed and give a return. now type the name(s) of the author(s) and after a return the affiliation. repeat this procedure until all affiliations have been typed.all these texts fit in a frame which should not be changed (width: exactly 187 mm (7.36); height: exactly 73 mm (2.87) from top margin; lock anchor).2.4 abstract frameif there are no further authors place the cursor one space behind the word abstract: and type your abstract of not more than 150 words. the top of the first line of the abstract will be 73 mm (2.87) from the top of the type area. the complete abstract will fall in the abstract frame, the settings of which should also not be changed (width: exactly 187 mm (7.36); height: automatic; vertical 73 mm (2.87) from margin; lock anchor).2.5 first line of text or headingif your text starts with a heading, place the cursor on the i of introduction and type the correct text for the heading. now delete the word introduction and start with the text after a return. this text should have the tag first paragraph. if your text starts without a heading you should place the cursor on the i of introduction, change the tag to first paragraph and type your text after deleting the word introduction. 3 layout of text 3.1 text and indentingfirst lines of paragraphs are indented 5 mm (0.2) except for paragraphs after a heading or a blank line (first paragraph tag).3.2 headingstype primary headings in capital letters roman (heading 1 tag) and secondary and tertiary headings in lower case italics (headings 2 and 3 tags). headings are set flush against the left margin. the tag will give two blank lines (26 pt) above and one (13 pt) beneath the primary headings, 1? blank lines (20 pt) above and a ? blank line (6 pt) beneath the secondary headings and one blank line (13 pt) above the tertiary headings. headings are not indented and neither are the first lines of text following the heading indented. if a primary heading is directly followed by a secondary heading, only a ? blank line should be set between the two headings. in the word programme this has to be done manually as follows: place the cursor on the primary heading, select paragraph in the format menu, and change the setting for spacing after, from 13 pt to 0 pt. in the same way the setting in the secondary heading for spacing before should be changed from 20 pt to 7 pt.3.3 listing and numberingwhen listing facts use either the style tag list signs or the style tag list numbers. 3.4 equationsuse the equation editor of the selected word processing programme. equations are not indented (formula tag). number equations consecutively and place the number with the tab key at the end of the line, between parantheses. refer to equations by these numbers. see for example equation 1 below: from the above we note that sin ? = (x + y)z or:4k????1?r2??tc?k1 (1)a??tan??where ca = interface adhesion; ? = friction angle at interface; and k1 = shear stiffness number.for simple equations in the text always use superscript and subscript (select font in the format menu). do not use the equation editor between text on same line.the inline equations (equations within a sentence) in the text will automatically be converted to the ams notation standard. 3.5 tableslocate tables close to the first reference to them in the text and number them consecutively. avoid abbreviations in column headings. indicate units in the line immediately below the heading. explanations should be given at the foot of the table, not within the table itself. use only horizontal rules: one above and one below the column headings and one at the foot of the table (table rule tag: use the shift-minus key to actually typethe rule exactly where you want it). for simple tables use thetab key and not the table option. type all text in tables in small type: 10 on 11 points (table text tag). align all headings to the left of their column and start these headings with an initial capital. type the caption above the table to the same width as the table (table caption tag). see for example table 1. 3.6 figure captionsalways use the figure caption style tag (10 points size on 11 points line space). place the caption underneath the figure (see section 5). type as follows: ‘figure 1. caption.’ leave about two lines of space between the figure caption and the text ofthe paper.figure 1. caption of a typical figure. photographs will be scanned by the printer. always supply original photographs.3.7 referencesin the text, place the authors’ last names (without initials) and the date of publication in parentheses (see examples in section 5). at the end of the paper, list all references in alphabetical order underneath the heading references (reference heading tag). the references should be typed in small text (10 pt on 12pt) and second and further lines should be indented 5.0 mm (0.2) (reference text tag). if several works by the same author are cited, entries should be chronological:larch, a.a. 1996a. development ... larch, a.a. 1996b. facilities ... larch, a.a. 1997. computer ...larch, a.a. jensen, m.c. 1996. effects of ... larch, a.a. smith, b.p. 1993. alpine ...3.7.1 typography for referenceslast name, first name or initials (ed.) year. book title. city: publisher.last name, first name or initials year. title of article. title of journal (series number if necessary) volume number (issue number if necessary): page numbers.3.7.2 examplesgrove, a.t. 1980. geomorphic evolution of the sahara and the nile. in m.a.j. williams h. faure (eds), the sahara and the nile: 21-35. rotterdam: balkema.jappelli, r. marconi, n. 1997. recommendations and prejudices in the realm of foundation engineering in italy: a historical review. in carlo viggiani (ed.), geotechnical engineering for the preservation of monuments and historical sites; proc. intern. symp., napoli, 3-4 october 1996. rotterdam: balkema.johnson, h.l. 1965. artistic development in autistic children. child development 65(1): 13-16.polhill, r.m. 1982. crotalaria in africa and madagascar. rotterdam: balkema.3.8 notesthese should be avoided. insert the information in the text. in tables the following reference marks should be used: *, **, etc. and the actual footnotes set directly underneath the table.3.9 conclusionsconclusions should state concisely the most important propositions of the paper as well as the author’s views of the practical implications of the results.4 photographs and figuresnumber figures consecutively in the order in which reference is made to them in the text, making no dis-tinction between diagrams and photographs. figures should fit within the column width of 90 mm (3.54) or within the type area width of 187 mm (7.36). figures, photographs, etc. can be in black/white or full color, but will be produced in the book in black/white only. paste copies of the same size onto the typescript where you want them to appear in the text. do not place them sideways on a page; however if this cannot be avoided, no other text (except the figure caption) should appear on that page. figures, etc. should not be centered, but placed against the left margin. leave about two lines of space between the actual text and figure (including caption).never place any text next to a figure. leave this space blank. the most convenient place for placing figures is at the top or bottom of the page. avoid placing text between figures as readers might not notice the text. keep in mind that everything will be reduced to 75%. therefore, 9 point should be theminimum size of the lettering. lines should preferably be 0.2 mm (0.1) thick. keep figures as simple as possible. avoid excessive notes and designations.photographs should be with good contrast and on glossy paper. photographic reproductions cut from books or journals, photocopies of photographs and screened photographs are unacceptable. the proceedings will be printed in black only. for this reason avoid the use of colour in figures and photographs. colour is also nearly always unnecessary for scientific work.5 preferences, symbols and units consistency of style is very important. note the spacing, punctuation and caps in all the examples below.? references in the text: figure 1, figures 2-4, 6, 8a, b (not abbreviated)? references between parentheses: (fig. 1), (figs 2-4, 6, 8a, b) (abbreviated)? usa / uk / netherlands / the netherlands insteadof u.s.a. / u.k. / the netherlands? author author (1989) instead of author and author (1989) ? (author 1989a, b, author author 1987) instead of (author, 1989a,b; author and author, 1987) ? (author et al. 1989) instead of (author, author author 1989)? use the following style: (author, in press); (author, in prep.); (author, unpubl.); (author, pers. comm.)always use the official si notations:? 0.50 instead of 0,50 (used in french text); 9000 instead of9,000 but if more than 10,000: 10,000 instead of14 100006 submission of material to the editor the camera-ready copy of the complete paper printed on a high resolution printer on one side of the paper as well as two copies of the paper should be sent to the editor after receiving the final acceptance notice. the paper should be sent together with the signed copyright form. include the original photographs. check whether the paper looks the same as this sample: title at top of first page in 18 points, authors in 14 points and all other text in 12 points on 13 points line space, except for the small text (10 point on 11 point line space) used in tables, captions and references. also check if the type width is 187 mm (7.36), the column width 90 mm (3.54), the page length is 272 mm (10.71) and that the space above the abstact is exactly as in the sample. write yourname and the shortened title of the paper in pencil in thebottom margin of each page and number the pages correctly. 7 deadlinethe above material should be with the editor before the deadline for submission. any material received too late will not be published. send the material by airmail or by courier well packed and in time. be sure that all pages are included in the parcel.【篇三：2014国际会议论文排版格式要求及样张】2014管理科学与工程国际会议论文排版要求及格式样张lan hua1，zhao shu-rong21 school of management, harbin institute of technology,p.r.china, 1500012 school of humanities and science of uestc, p.r.china, 610054摘要：这份说明给出了2014管理科学与工程国际会议论文投稿的基本要求。
2024年国际会议征文
2024年国际会议征文尊敬的各位与会者：首先，我要向各位致以最诚挚的问候和欢迎！感谢您能参加2024年国际会议，这是一个汇聚全球各领域专家学者的盛会，也是我们相互学习、交流分享的宝贵机遇。
本次国际会议的主题是"未来发展与可持续性"，我们将探讨如何推动可持续发展并实现未来的繁荣。
随着全球化的推进和科技的不断进步，我们面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。
如何平衡经济增长与环境保护、促进社会公平与人权保障，已成为摆在我们面前的重要议题。
本次会议旨在通过探讨与交流，为未来的发展提供可行的方案和解决之道。
首先，我们必须认识到可持续发展是全人类的共同责任。
无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，都应该积极参与到可持续发展的进程中来。
我们需要制定一系列的政策措施，促进经济的绿色转型，降低碳排放，创造更多的就业机会，并保障人民的基本权利和福利。
其次，在推动可持续发展的过程中，创新和科技将发挥至关重要的作用。
我们需要加大对科技创新的投入，提高清洁能源的利用效率，开发环境友好型的新材料和新技术。
通过技术创新，我们可以实现资源的有效利用，减少对自然环境的破坏，并为经济发展提供更加可持续的动力。
此外，在推动可持续发展的同时，我们还需加强国际合作。
各国应携手合作，分享经验与技术，共同应对气候变化、环境污染等全球性问题。
只有通过合作与共同努力，我们才能找到解决问题的最佳途径，为未来的发展开辟更加美好的前景。
最后，我希望本次国际会议能够成为一个平台，汇集各方力量，共同探讨可持续发展的重要议题。
我相信，通过我们的共同努力，我们能够为未来的发展制定出可行的方案，为全球的可持续发展作出积极的贡献。
再次感谢各位的支持和参与！我期待着与您在2024年国际会议上的深入交流与合作，共同开创未来发展与可持续性的美好明天！谢谢！。
国际会议主题发言稿
国际会议主题发言稿尊敬的主持人、各位来宾：大家好！首先，我要感谢主办方给予我这次在国际会议上发表演讲的机会，我感到非常荣幸。
今天，我想和大家探讨的是关于国际合作与沟通的重要性。
当今世界，全球化的进一步发展使得各国之间的联系更加紧密，国际交流与合作已成为推动世界发展的重要动力。
首先，国际合作和沟通有助于各国共同应对共同面临的挑战。
我们生活在同一个地球上，面对的问题往往是共同的。
例如，气候变化、环境污染、贫困等问题无国界，需要各国共同合作才能找到解决方案。
通过国际会议和交流，各国可以分享经验、借鉴先进的做法，共同应对这些全球性挑战。
其次，国际合作和沟通有助于促进经济的繁荣与发展。
不同国家之间存在着各自的优势和特点，通过国际贸易和合作，各国可以互利共赢，实现资源的优化配置和互补发展。
国际间的交流与合作也推动了科技的创新和进步，促进了全球经济的发展。
此外，国际合作和沟通对于文化的交流和理解也起到了重要作用。
各国的文化和传统有着独特的魅力，通过国际间的交流，我们可以了解和欣赏不同文化，促进民族间的友谊和互相尊重。
同时，文化的交流也有助于促进和平与稳定，减少误解和误判，为各国和平共处提供了良好的基础。
然而，尽管国际合作与沟通的重要性被广泛认同，但我们也面临着一些挑战。
首先，语言和文化的差异是国际沟通的一大障碍。
不同国家使用不同的语言，拥有不同的文化背景，这往往给沟通和合作带来了困扰。
为了有效沟通和合作，我们需要不断加强语言学习和跨文化的交流。
其次，利益分歧也是国际合作面临的挑战之一。
各国的利益是复杂而多样的，有时会发生矛盾和冲突。
然而，我们需要超越狭隘的利益观念，深化对共同利益的认识，通过平等和互利的合作来解决分歧。
最后，国际合作和沟通的目标是实现共同发展与繁荣。
为了实现这一目标，我们需要促进多边主义和全球治理体系的建设，加强各国之间的交流与合作，共同应对全球性挑战。
让我们携起手来，共同为国际合作与沟通建设贡献我们的力量。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
关于国际会议论文精选3篇大家上午好!今天我汇报的主题是：基于改进型LBP算法的运动目标检测系统。
运动目标检测技术能降低视频监控的人力成本，提高监控效率，同时也是运动目标提取、跟踪及识别算法的基础。
图像信号具有数据量大，实时性要求高等特征。
随着算法的复杂度和图像清晰度的提高，需要的处理速度也越来越高。
幸运的是，图像处理的固有特性是并行的，尤其是低层和中间层算法。
这一特性使这些算法，比较容易在FPGA等并行运算器件上实现，今天汇报的主题就是关于改进型LBP算法在硬件上的实现。
good morning everyone.My report is about a Motion Detection System Based on Improved LBP Operator.Automatic motion detection can reduce the human cost of video surveillance and improve efficiency [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ]，it is also the fundament of object extraction, tracking and recognition[rekəg'nɪʃ(ə)n]. In this work, efforts ['efəts] were made to establish the background model which is resistance to the variation of illumination. And our video surveillance system was realized on a FPGA based platform.PPT(2)目前，常用的运动目标检测算法有背景差分法、帧间差分法等。
帧间差分法的基本原理是将相邻两帧图像的对应像素点的灰度值进行减法运算，若得到的差值的绝对值大于阈值，则将该点判定为运动点。
但是帧间差分检测的结果往往是运动物体的轮廓，无法获得目标的完整形态。
Currently, Optic Flow, Background Subtraction and Inter-frame difference are regard as the three mainstream algorithms to detect moving object.Inter-frame difference based method need not model ['mɒdl] the background. It detects moving objects based on the frame difference between two continuous frames. The method is easy to be implemented and can realize real-time detection, but it cannot extract the full shape of the moving objects [6].PPT(3)在摄像头固定的情况下，背景差分法较为简单，且易于实现。
若背景已知，并能提供完整的特征数据，该方法能较准确地检测出运动目标。
但在实际的应用中，准确的背景模型很难建立。
如果背景模型如果没有很好地适应场景的变化，将大大影响目标检测结果的准确性。
像这副图中，背景模型没有及时更新，导致了检测的错误。
The basic principle of background removal method is building a background model and providing a classification of the pixels into either foreground or background [3-5]. In a complex and dynamic environment, it is difficult to build a robust [rə(ʊ)'bʌst] background model.PPT(4)上述的帧间差分法和背景差分法都是基于灰度的。
基于灰度的算法在光照条件改变的情况下，性能会大大地降低，甚至失去作用。
The algorithms we have discussed above are all based on grayscale. In practical applications especially outdoor environment, the grayscales of each pixel are unpredictably shifty because of the variations in the intensity and angle of illumination.PPT(5)为了解决光照改变带来的基于灰度的算法失效的问题，我们考虑用纹理特征来检测运动目标。
而LBP算法是目前最常用的表征纹理特征的算法之一。
首先在图像中提取相邻9个像素点的灰度值。
然后对9个像素中除中心像素以外的其他8个像素做二值化处理。
大于等于中心点像素的，标记为1，小于的则标记为0。
最后将中心像素点周围的标记值按统一的顺序排列，得到LBP值，图中计算出的LBP值为10001111。
当某区域内所有像素的灰度都同时增大或减小一定的数值时，该区域内的LBP值是不会改变的，这就是LBP对灰度的平移不变特性。
它能够很好地解决灰度受光照影响的问题。
In order to solve the above problems, we proposed an improved LBP algorithm which is resistance to the variations of illumination.Local binary pattern (LBP) is widely used in machine vision applications such as face detection, face recognition and moving object detection [9-11]. LBP represents a relatively simple yet powerful texture descriptor which can describe the relationship of a pixel with itsimmediate neighborhood. The fundamental of LBP operator is showed in Fig 1. The basic version of LBP produces 256 texture patterns based on a 9 pixels neighborhood. The neighboring pixel is set to 1 or 0 according to the grayscale value of the pixel is larger than the value of centric pixel or not. For example, in Fig1 7 is larger than 6, so the pixel in first row first column is set to 1. Arranging the 8 binary numbers in certain order, we get an 8 bits binary number, which is the LBP pattern we need. For example in Fig.1, the LBP is 10001111. LBP is tolerant ['tɒl(ə)r(ə)nt] against illumination changing. When the grayscales of pixels in a 9 pixels window are shifted due to illumination changing, the LBP value will keep unchanged.PPT(6)图中的一些常见的纹理，都能用一些简单的LBP向量表示，对于每个像素快，只需要用一个8比特的LBP值来表示。
There are some textures , and they can be represent by some simple 8bit LBP patterns. PPT(7)从这幅图也可以看出，虽然灰度发生了很大的变化，但是纹理特征并没有改变，LBP值也没有变化。
You can see, in these picture , although the grayscale change alot, but the LBP patterns keep it value.PPT(8)上述的算法是LBP算法的基本形式，但是这种基本算法不适合直接应用在视频监控系统中。
主要有两个原因：第一，在常用的视频监控系统中，特别是在高清视频监控系统中，9个像素点覆盖的区域很小，在如此小的区域内，各个像素点的灰度值十分接近，甚至是相同的，纹理特征不明显，无法在LBP值上体现。
第二，由于以像素为单位计算LBP值，像素噪声会造成LBP值的噪声。
这两个原因导致计算出的LBP值存在较大的随机性，甚至在静止的图像中，相邻两帧对应位置的LBP值也可能存在差异，从而引起的误检测。
为了得到更好的检测性能，我们采用基于块均值的LBP算法。
这种方法的基本原理是先计算出3×3个像素组成的的像素块的灰度均值，以灰度均值作为该像素块的灰度值。
然后以3×3个像素块(即9×9个像素)为单位，计算LBP值。
The typical LBP cannot meet the need of practical application of video surveillance for two reasons: Firstly, a “window” which only contains 9 pixels is a small area in which the grayscales of pixels are similar or same to each other, and the texture feature in such a small area is too weak to be reflected by a LBP. Secondly, pixel noise will immediately cause the noise of LBP, which may lead to a large number of wrong detection. In order to obtain a better performance, we proposed an improved LBP based on the mean value of “block”. In our algorithm, one block contains 9 pixels. Compared with original LBP pattern calculatedin a local 9 neighborhood between pixels, the improved LBP operator is defined by comparing the mean grayscale value of central block with those of its neighborhood blocks (see Fig.2).By replacing the grayscales of pixels with the mean value of blocks, the effect of the pixel noise is reduced. The texture feature in such a bigger area is more significant to be described by LBP pattern.PPT(9)运用LBP描述背景，其本质上也是背景差分法的一种。