高中生定语从句详讲

定语从句

一．基础概念

1. 英语的三大类从句：

●定语从句：定语可以有形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定

式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的

句子成为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形

容词性从句。

●名词性从句：在句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功

能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语,宾语，表语，同位语等，

因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句又可分别被称为主语从

句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。

●状语从句：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词，副词等的从句

叫状语从句。功能与副词相近，故又称为副词性从句。一般分为时间，

地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，让步，比较，方式等。

2．定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；

连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且作从句中的一个成分。

3.关系词分为

●关系代词：who，whom，which，that，as，whose

●关系副词：when，where，why

二．关系代词的用法：

关系代词指代的是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语等。作宾语时，口语可省略；如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。

1. who，whom 的用法

二者都用于指人，who作主语，宾语，whom作宾语，who可替换whom。eg. He is the man who lives next door.

Some people who are successful language learners often succeed in other fields.

I happened to meet the professor who/whom I got to know at the party in the shopping center yesterday.

注意：在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom，不能用who。

Yesterday I came across the man about whom you talked last night.

2. whose 的用法

Whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作宾语。

eg. Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?

He is the man whose car was stolen last night.

Please pass me the book whose cover is green. = Please me the book the cover of which is green.

3. which 的用法

which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语。

eg. The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.

The river which runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasures. 4. that 的用法

that 即可指人也可指物，指人时可与who，whom 互换，指物时可与which互换。在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语。作宾语时可以省略。

eg. Jack is no longer the person that/who/whom I met five years ago.

The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了。

5. as 的用法

as 引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：一种是限制性定语从句有so，such或the same 修饰；一种是先行词是整个主句的非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，宾语，它引导的从句可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。eg. You can take as many books as you need. (先行词有as修饰，第二个as是关系代词作need 的宾语)

I haven’t so much money as you want.

Jeffery is not such an intelligent person as you think.

Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. (as 作主语)

He is a great hero, as is describe in the report.

She is a famous star, as we know.

As we had expected, the plan worked out very well.

She, as we know , can speak three foreign languages.

三. 关系副词的用法

1. when

when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。有时when也和部分介词一起引导定语从句。

eg. I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.

She went to Japan two years ago, since when I haven’t heard from her.

2. where

where 指地点，在句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，city，room，country等表示地点的名词。where引导的定语从句还可以放在from后。

注意：situation，case，circumstance，state，scene，extent，stage，degree等表示“情形，情况，场合，火候” 的表示抽象地点，用where。

eg. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.

He did all his research in the room where he lived.

The little boy hid himself behind the door, from where he could see his mum enter the room.

3. why

why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason, 在定语从句中作原因状语。