全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
2024年医学考博英语听力
2024年医学考博英语听力2024 Medical Doctoral Entrance Exam: English Listening Comprehension Requirements.The year 2024 heralds significant changes in the medical doctoral entrance examination, particularly in the area of English listening comprehension. This section aims to assess the candidates' proficiency in understanding medical terminology and concepts presented in an audio format, simulating real-world scenarios where medical professionals might encounter English-speaking patients or colleagues.1. Medical Terminology and Vocabulary.Candidates are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of medical vocabulary and terminology. This includes but is not limited to anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and other related fields. The listening passages may contain technical terms andabbreviations commonly used in medical settings.2. Comprehension of Audio Materials.The listening comprehension section may include recorded conversations between doctors and patients, medical lectures, or presentations. Candidates are required to extract key information, understand the context, and make inferences based on the audio materials.3. Speed and Accuracy.Candidates are expected to demonstrate the ability to listen and respond quickly to the audio materials while maintaining accuracy. The test may include multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, or fill-in-the-blank formats to assess comprehension.4. Real-World Application.The listening comprehension section aims to simulate real-world scenarios where medical professionals mightencounter English-speaking patients or colleagues. Candidates are expected to demonstrate the ability to apply their knowledge of medical terminology and comprehension skills to practical situations.5. Preparation Strategies.To prepare for the English listening comprehension section of the medical doctoral entrance exam, candidates can follow these strategies:Familiarize yourself with medical vocabulary and terminology. Create a study guide or flashcards with key terms and their definitions.Practice listening to medical-related audio materials. This can include podcasts, recorded lectures, or medical-themed movies and documentaries.Develop your listening skills by practicing with multiple audio formats. This can include understanding different accents, speeds, and backgrounds.Work on your speed and accuracy by taking timed practice tests. This will help you manage your time effectively during the actual exam.Practice in a simulated exam environment. This can include wearing headphones or listening to the audio materials in a quiet room to replicate the exam conditions.In conclusion, the English listening comprehension section of the 2024 medical doctoral entrance exam aims to assess candidates' proficiency in understanding medical terminology and concepts presented in an audio format. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of medical vocabulary, the ability to comprehend audio materials quickly and accurately, and the application of these skills to real-world scenarios. Preparation strategies such as familiarizing yourself with medical vocabulary, practicing with medical-related audio materials, and working on speed and accuracy can help candidates succeed in this section of the exam.。
医学考博英语统考听力真题
医学考博英语统考听力真题Conversation 1A.I have a really bad headache.What doyou recommend？B.You can purchase some over-the-counter pain relievers in aisle 6A:Do I need a prescription for those？B:No.You just pick whichever brand you prefer and pay for it at the register.A:Is there a difference between the name-brand pills and store- brand pills？B:Usually there isn’t.Just compare the labels and look for the active ingredientsA: The store- brand is less expensiveB:Usually itis just as effectiveA:I sure hope so because l want to save money and not have an headache1.Where would the woman find the pain reliever?2.What do we know about the store-brand pills?3.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 2A: In the last few years， professor Laurie Santos from Yale University has been teaching students about the pursuit of happiness-the most popular course Yale has ever had. Welcome，professor SantosB:Morning.Thank you for having meA:I heard you’ve developed the high school version of this course. So why did you expand the curriculum to high schoolers？B: Well，I started the class by seeing mental health issues in college students.And I quickly realized that many students came to college with those issues.The health statistics for young people are really devastat-ingA: Really?B: Yeah. So l want to give the high school students the tool to improve their well-being and flourish a bit more4.What is the main topic of this conversation?5.What do we know about the health statistics for young people?6.How would Professor Santos’coursehelp high school students?Conversation 3A:As a pediatrician，what do you tell parents when they come in and beg you “Please give me antibiotics for my child? She's sick.B:l am a parent，too.So l understand you want to do something.But antibiotics wont work for viral infec-tions，but only for bacterial onesA:So what can we do in the case of viral infections?B:Unfortunately，we are sort of limited in what we can do.Good old-fashioned chicken soup，fluids and a hu-midifier in the room,elevating the head at bed at night so that they can breathe and sleep.Those are theihings that are really effective7.What do we know about the woman?8.What does the woman say about the treatment for viral infections?9.What are the speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 4A:Now a study finds hospitals that trained their operating room members in teamwork had a lower rate of surgical deaths than other hospitalsB:That's a quite important finding. No doctor wants to make a mistake.That's why doctors are required to be trained in teamwork and communication and tne training seeks to empower each team memberA:Right. The study suggests one of the key elements for training was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room So that everybody， the nurse， the surgeon and the anesthesiologist could bring up any concerns they had about the patientsB:And the more training， the better communications among team members，and the greater the chances that the patients would sunive10.What is the key element of training mentioned by the speakers711.Whatis mentioned by the speakers as the favourable outcome of the training?12.Whatare two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 5A:Did you know that trees can communicate with each other?B:lnteresting! But how?A:A professor of forest ecology at University of British Columbia observed how logging companies would Cut down diverse forests and replace them with the single tree species. They believe that by removing comp etition， the favored trees would thrive as they would receive more space，water，and sun light.B:ls that so?A:However.the favoured trees were actually more prone to diseases.10%of them would die if the surroun ding trees were removed. Trees communicate through underground network of fungi. The fungi help conne ct trees of different species across the forestsB:That is amazing13.Why would logging companies remove some trees?14.What can be inferred about the result of tree removal?15.Whatis the subject of the conversation?。
2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题(1)
Section A试卷一(Paper One) Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a uestion about what is said. The uestion will be read only once, after you hear the uestion, read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.uestion: What's the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with uestion Number 1.1. A.The man is busy. B.The man has trouble breathingSample AnswerA B ● DC.The man is out of town on business.D.The man is hiding himself from the woman.2. A. He has a terrible backache. B. He has a bad headache.C. He has a toothacheD. He has a diarrhea3. A. It is fast. B. It is slow. C. It works well. D. It is not working.4. A. Four days. B.Ten days. C. One week D. Two weeks.5. A. He is a lawyer B. He is a doctor.C. He is a travel agent.D. He is an immigration officer.6. A. Sunday. B. Tuesday. C. Thursday. D. Saturday.7. A. Two. B. Thee. C. Four. D. Five.8. A. To X-ray his chest. B. To hospitalize him.C. To perform a minor surgery.D. To transfer him to a specialist.9. A. To go shopping. B. To go back to work.C. To change their topic.D. To entertain their guests.10. A. The man is working too hard. B. The man needs to think it over.C. The man is supposed to find a job.D. The man has made a right decision.11. A. Discussing a case. B. Defying a diagnosis.官方网站:12. A. The woman's classmate. B. The woman's boyfriend.C. The woman's brother.D. The woman's teacher.13. A. The man is a liar. B. The man is jealous of Lisa.C. She does not agree with the man on that.D. She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A. 250 Yuan. B. 450 Yuan. C. 650 Yuan. D. 850 Yuan.15. A. She disagrees with the man there. B. She is going to change her mind.C. It is out of the uestion to do that.D. It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which,you will hear five uestions. After each uestion,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A. Liver failure. B. Breast cancer.C. Kidney failure.D. Diabetes out of control.17. A. Shape. B. Color C. Price. D. Size18. A. It is much smaller than a microwave. B. It leaves much room for reduction.C. It is adjustable.D. It is perfect.19. A. It is under a clinical trial. B. It is available in the market.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is in the experimental stage.20. A. The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B.The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C.The federal government finances the research.D.The machine will come into being in no time.Passage One21. A. Suicide. B. Obesity. C. Turmoil. D. Drug abuse.22. A. Preventable. B. Destructive. C. Treatable. D. Curable23. A. Combining anti-depressants and talk therapy.B. Promoting the transmission between neurons.C.Winning parental assistance and support.D. Administering effective anti-depressants.24. A. Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B.Because it works better than the medications.C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A. 65 percent. B. 75 percent. C. 85 percent. D. 95 percent.Passage Two26. A. Helplessness and worthlessness. B. Feeling like a loser.27. A. It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D.By changing the patient's perspective.29. A. Those who stop taking anti-depressants. B. Those who ask for more medications.C. Those who are on the medications.D. Those who abuse the medications.30. A. Anxiousness B. Nausea. C. Fever. D. InsomniaPart ⅡVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B,C andD are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completesthe sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the of their behavior as medicalprofessionals.A. transactionB. transformationC. transmissionD. transparency32.He seemed most to my idea which was exceptionally creative.A. alienB. ambulantC. amiableD. amenable33.The fist attempts at gene therapy have mostly , but techniue will surely be made to workeventually.A. stumbledB. stammeredC. striddenD. strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and for fatty foods.A. preferenceB. persistenceC. intoleranceD. appetence35.By sheer I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A. coincidenceB. coherenceC. collaborationD. collocation36.As the drugs began to , the pain began to take hold again.A. wear offB. put offC. all offD. show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the medical technologies.A. ApproachingB. impracticableC. sophisticatedD. transient38.At last, she some reasons for her strange behavior.A. abolishedB. admonishedC. abstainedD. perception39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from to the grave.A. conceptionB. receptionC. deceptionD. perceptionA. conciseB. deviousC. elaborateD. feasibleSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A. embarrassinglyB. reluctantlyC. clumsilyD. dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history, medicine was anything but scientific.A. more or lessB. by and largeC. more often than notD. by no means43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.A. illuminatedB. fascinatedC. alienatedD. hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a product or afinancial reward.A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC. substantialD. deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult—orunhealthy—to sustain over time.A. maintainB. reserveC. conceiveD. empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.A. specialtiesB. principlesC. rationalesD. doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A. juvenileB. potent B. potent D. matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems uite feasible.A. rationalB. reciprocalC. versatileD. viable49.These are intensely important uestions about uality and the benefits of specialty care andexperience.A. irresistiblyB. vitallyC. potentiallyD. intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A. tendsB. techniuesC. notionsD. breakthroughsPart Ⅲ Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.Whenever people go and live in another country, they have new experiences and new feelings.just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isn't really true. Culture shock is a completely natural 52 , and everybody goes 53 it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country, they're usually excited and 54 .Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are 55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture.They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel 56.They spend a lot of time 57 or with other people from their own country .They think, “my problems are all because I'm living in this country.〞Then,in Stage Three,they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs. They 58 some people in the new country. They're 59 comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture.They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture, and some are different,but that's OK. They can 60 it.51. A. account B. reflection C. verification D. misconception52. A. transition B. exchange C. immigration D. selection53. A. for B. through C. after D. about54. A. frightened B. confused C. uneasy D. happy55. A. representative of B. different from C. peculiar to D. similar to56. A. intoxicated B. depressed C. amazed D. thrilled57. A. lonely B. alone C. lone D. only58. A. make friends with B. make transactions withC. hold hostility toD. shut the door to59. A. hardly B. more C. very D. less60. A. live with B. do without C. hold up with D. make a success ofPart ⅣReading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five uestions. For each uestion there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don't wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a techniue which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. Before this study,researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation, says Lubke.Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery, many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia. During surgery, each patient wore headphones trough which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time, bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation, Lubke tested the patients by showing therm the fist three letters of a word, such as “lim〞,and asking them to complete it. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit〞for example—chose that word an average of 1I percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word list.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding, which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesiaA.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’ wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study, the techniue of bispectral analysis helps the scientistsA.acuire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientistsA.prepared two lists of wordsed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patientsA.to regain consciousness under the knife.B.to tell one word from another after surgery.C.to recall what had been heard during surgery.65.What we can infer from the findingA.How surgical malpractice can be prevented.B.Why a surgeon cannot be too careful.C.Why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery.D.How the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories.Passage TwoScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons,but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. “We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input.〞says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’ survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later,they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a wall, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In another, the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus—if this structure is damaged, rats can’t do them.Meanwhile,the researches gave other rats similar tasks that did not reuire the hippocampus. finding a platform that was easily visible in water, for instance. Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. “Learning opport unities increase the number of neurons,〞 says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,California,dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled. When the new cells would normally be dying. She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. “By the time the cells were degenerating, the animals were not learning anything,〞she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out thatA.new neurons could grow in adult brainsC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer's diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neuronsA.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected couldC.could actually better learning and memoryD.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the testA. The water used.B. The noises played.C. The neurons newly born.D. The hippocampus involved.69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was due t oA. the timing of labeling new neuronsB. the freuency of stimulationC. the wrongly labeled neuronsD. the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Use It or Lose ItB. Learn to SurviveC. To Be or Not to BeD. Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight. Heavier people are more lik ely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the U. S., car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle, Washington looked at more than 26 000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half lines as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilo- grams.And importantly, the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)—a measure that takes height as well as weight into account. Someone 1.8 meters tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39, but so would a person 1.5 meters tell weighing 88 kilograms. People are said to be obese if their BMI is 30 or over.The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about 20. It’s not just total weight, but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case, the evidence is worth pursuing, says Charles Mack, a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team. He thinks one answer maybe for safety authorities to use heavierCrash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78 kilograms. Recently, smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars. But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used, the U.S.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear, Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people. Or obese people, with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes, could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure, the American car manufacturers .A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people, the researchers .A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem, Mock .A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates, Mock would most probablysay that .A.cars can be made safer to avoid cashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight, but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’ heavy weight75.Which of the following uestions is closely related to the passageA.Are air bags really necessary to be built in carsB.Are cars certified as safe to driveC.Are crash-test dummies too thinD.Are car accidents preventablePassage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you. In fact, many studies support this idea-but health-Care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.of disease,but generalist—family physicians and general practitioners—are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second uestion is what counts as the most valuable treatment Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly,says Harlan M. Krumholz of Yale University. On the oth er hand, a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health, says Martin T. Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in PortlandTo further complicate comparisons, many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases, but medical records do not always show that, says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville, Md.That said, stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists. Among about 3800sroke sufferers nationwide,16.1 percent of those treated by a neurologist died within 3 months, compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S. Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty, in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field, is also a proxy for clinical experience,〞 he says. “It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts: one, that practice makes perfect; two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in; and three,the issue of formal training.〞Differences between specialist care and generalist care, however, pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy. A report by the U.S. General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers—which reduce heart rate and blood pressure—than those who received care from a generalist. Even so, these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them, implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,〞 says Donohoe. Perhaps,he adds, “we should focus more intently on improving the uality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.〞76.Which of the following uestions can most probably come out of the two uestions raised in thepassageA. Is specialist care superiorB. What is specialist care all about77.The answers to the two uestions suggest that .A.generalists are more likely to be ignoredB.a specialist can be a generalist, or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists .A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists, Donohoe and Clancy contend, could do a better job of .A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practicecating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to .A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care, respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet accepts. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers, they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents, According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues(2022) this often leads to a role reversal, where the child becomes a teacher to the parent. In other words, it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology. This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover, with the anonymity of online communication, computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult, so all users are treated eually (Subrahmanyam et al, 2022). Children may then expect the same euality in real life, further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship (Subrahmanyam et al, 200l).computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time interacting with their peers (Shields & Behrman, 2022). As a result, children may not develop the social skills they need, or be able to maintain friendships in the real world (Subrahmanyam et al, 2022). With the very extended computer use, this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2022).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence. Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games ( Subrahmanyam et al, 200l). However, as Shields Behrman (200l) points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion, using a computer, particularly for extended periods, may affect the parent-children relationship in families. It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships. Moreover, it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children. Although the research is not conclusive,it appears tha t extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.8l. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention toA.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of chil dren’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passageA.Children become teachers to their parents.B.Parents are fossilized in new technology.C.Children expect for an eual status with their parents.D.Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer.83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passageA.Children greatly value the friendship with their peers.B.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer.C.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games.D.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games.84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer games inthe passageA. A lack of social communication.B. Increasing violent performance.C. A decline in intelligence.D. A breakdown in family relationship.85.Where the passage might be taken from。
全国医学考博英语试题
2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, Thequestion will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answersmarked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A BC andD .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase thatbest completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce a smoother,less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese,in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end of the table ofreal GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though the concept hasbeen around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immunesystem, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______ people in hisfavor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong ________to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even a fraction of aminute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can bestkeep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part,Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lastingefforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at BuckinghamPalace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form ofmental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied toautomatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religiouspersecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original compositionby painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of anuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving upthat part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic__56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in anon-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation.However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains andbodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools oftheir trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats – much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools;a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer – looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing going on in the mind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the report’s headline conclusions.Above all, we need a dispassionate view of the state of the planet and our likely future impact on it. There’s no room for complacency: Rockstrom’s analysis shows us that we face real dangers, but exaggerating our problems is not the way to solve them. 76. As the first paragraph implies, there is between environmentalists and mainstream society _____________.A. a misunderstandingB. a confrontationC. a collaborationD. a consensus77. Within the planetary boundaries, as Rockstrom implies, ___________.A. we humans have gone far beyond the limitationsB. our human activities are actually moderate in degreeC. a certain level of human impact is naturally acceptableD. it is urgent to modify our relationship with the environment78. The point, based on Rockstrom’s investigation, is simply that __________.A. they made the first classification of Earth systemsB. it is not to deny but to manage impacts on the planetC. we are approaching the anthropocene faster than expectedD. human beings are rational and responsible creatures on earth79. Critical of the IPCC’s 2007 report, the author argues that they _________.A. missed the most serious problems thereB. were poorly assembled for the missionC. cannot be called scientists at allD. value nature above people80. It can be concluded from the passage that if we are to manage the anthropocene successfully, we ________________.A. must redefine our relationship with the environmentB. should not take it seriously but to take it easy。
2023年医学考博英语听力解析
2023年医学考博英语听力解析English Answer:Passage 1。
1. What is the main idea of the passage?The main idea of the passage is that the use ofartificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is growing rapidly and is having a significant impact on the field. AI is being used to improve the accuracy of diagnoses, develop new treatments, and personalize care.2. What are some of the benefits of using AI in healthcare?Some of the benefits of using AI in healthcare include:Improved accuracy of diagnoses.Development of new treatments.Personalized care.Reduced costs.Increased efficiency.3. What are some of the challenges of using AI in healthcare?Some of the challenges of using AI in healthcare include:Data quality and bias.Regulatory and ethical concerns.Lack of trust and transparency.Limited interpretability of AI models.4. What is the future of AI in healthcare?The future of AI in healthcare is bright. AI is expected to continue to play a major role in improving the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of healthcare.Passage 2。
医学考博英语统考真题
2007 年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversationsbetween two speakers. At the end of each conversation, youwill hear a question about what is said. The question will beread only once. After you hear the question, read the fourpossible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right an swer.Sample An swerA B C DNow let 'begi n with questio n Number 1.1.A. To do some experiments.B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2.A. In a hotel.B. In the hospital.C. In the prison.D. At the airport.3.A. He got an ulcer in his stomach.B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4.A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B. She felt because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5.A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6.A. Get more time to relax.B. Take some tranquillizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7.A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul.8.ExcitedFrustratedAnnoyedRelieved9.Each class lasts an hour.The class is meeting in an hour and a half.The class meets four hours and a half per week.The class meets for half an hour three times a week. 10.A. The woman was a good skier.B. The woman couldn't ski.C. The woman didn't intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn't like Swiss. 11.A. She's an insurance agent.B. She's an insurance client.C. She's a bank clerk.D. She's a driver.A. He tripped over some crutches.12.B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13.A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can't wait for the new semester.14.A. She was knocked down by a feather.B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15.A. To visit his son.B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16.A. A pharmacist.B. A visitor.C. A physician.D. A dieter.17.A. Cough.B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.18.A. Pain-killers.B. Cough syrup.C. Antidiarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.19.A. The cold weather.B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20.A. Take the medicine from the woman.B. G to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days. Passage Two21.A. Headaches.B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22.A. On Monday in Edinburgh.B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.26.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.24.A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic. 25.A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire UniversityC. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage ThreeA. A brief history of British pubs.23.A. 94B. 44C. 130D. 135B. Beer-the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27.A. As early as 659 AD.B. After 659 AD.C. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28.A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29.A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30.A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each ofthem. You are to choose the word or phrase that bestcompletes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to _____ the pain.A. alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. H is broken arm healed well, but she died of the pneumonia whichfollowed as a _____ .A. complementB. complimentC. complexionD. complication33. Unfortunately, our vacation plans ________ on account of transportstrikes.A fell back B. fell thoughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The _______ climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from all over the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the ______ in which the organism lives most effectively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbit36. The doctor suggests that a good holiday in the country should him____ nicely after his operation.A. set …outB. set …upC. set - offD. set …aside37. His behavior was so ____ that even the merciful people could not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38. ________ to your present job until you can get a better one.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very ____ nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleD. excepti onal40. He saved some money for artistic ______ such as fine pain ti ngs. A. don ati ons C . luxuriesSecti on BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each senten ce. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the origi nal sen ten ceif it is substituted for the un derli ned part. Mark your an swer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats but safe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has bee n nominated as can didate for the Preside ncy.A. recog ni zedB. defi nedC. appo in tedD. promoted43. We cannot look down upon our opponent, who is an experieneed swimmer.C. elasticB. profits D. luresA. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. part ner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends to patie nts without any compla int.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares for45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crime is 2 years ' impris onment.A. conv icti onB. spa nC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the n atio nal and local gover nments tried to wipeout rats to preve nt the spread of disease.A. extermi nateB. domin ateC. determi nateD. con tami nate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is always severe with them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigila ntD. rigid48. The biggest engin eeri ng project that they un dertook was encumbered by lack of fun ds.A. can celledB. conden sedC. hamperedD. haun tedA. playerB. competitor49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must be en thusiastic andmagn etic.A. arroga ntB. in dustriousC. zealousD. attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamic personality, heseems to have un limited en ergy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD. arbitraryPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Many Can adia ns enjoy the luxury of a large amount of livi ng space. Can ada is vast, and the homes are large accord ing to the sta ndardsof many coun ties. Even _ 51__inner cities do not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Can adia ns appreciate the space and value their privacy. Since families are gen erally small, many Can adia n childre n enjoy the luxury oftheirA. arroga ntB. in dustriousown bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern __52__.Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions.“ Family rooms”are popular features in modern houses; these are __53__“, living rooms”since many living rooms have become reserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, __54__.Recreational homes are also popular__55___ Canadians. Some Canadiansown summer homes, cottages, or camps. These may __56__ from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized for year-round use. Cottages offer people the chance to “geat way from it all. ”They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town on Friday night and returning Sunday might __57__the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place long enough to __58__ to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some ___59___, neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seemsto be __60__ of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.51. A. spacious B. crowded C. remote D. deserted52. A. convenience B. comfort C. architecture D. taste53. A. in common B. in particular C. in chief D. in fact54. A. either B. as well C. in turn D. instead55. A. to B. in C. with D. for56. A. transform B. convert C. range D. shift57. A. blocks B . halts C. cuts off D. keeps off58. A. become B. come C. get D. grow59. A . stability B. mobility C. reality D.tranquility60. A. bit B. much C. more D. lessPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and markthe letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe popular idea that classical music can improve your maths isfalling form favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozart 's music promotes mathematical thinking.Researchers reported six years age that listening to Mozart brings about short-tem improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern.Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved, Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons.But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find this effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaw's experiments to see for himself.Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how to paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart, another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not listen to anything. Then the students took the test again.No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesn't exist. “It 's about as unproven and as unsupported as you can g”eth.e says.Shaw, however, defends his study. One reason he gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart, but Steele didn't separate his students into groups based on ability. “ We' sretill at the stage where it needs to be examined. ”Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more w'ell be able to design tests that give a robust effec”t.61. It has been recently found out that ________A. Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematicalthinkingB. classical music cannot be expected to improve on'se mathC. the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD. music favors one's mathematical thinking62. Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected?A. Paper cutting and spatial thinkingB. The nature of a task and the type of thinkingC. Classical music and mathematical performanceD. Mathematical thinking and spatial-temporal reasoning63. In Shaw's test, the students would most probably _____A. draw the image of the cut paperB. improve their mathematical thinkingC. have the idea about classical music confirmedD. increase the number of neurons in their brains64. From Steele's experiment we say that ____ .A. his hypothesis did not get proven and supportedB. it was much more complicated than Shaw'sC. the result were statistically significantD. Shaw's results were not repeatable65. Shaw is critical of ________A. Steele's results presented at a wrong stageB. Steele's wrong selection of the testeesC. Steele's ignorance of neurobiologyD. Steele's test designPassage TwoLong-suffering couples take heart. There is a good reason for those endless arguments in the front of the car: men and women use different parts of the brain when they try to find their way around, suggesting that the strategies they use might also be completely different.Matthias Riepe and his colleagues at the University of Ulm in Germany asked 24 healthy volunteers---half of them men, half women---to find theirway out of three virtual-reality mazes displayed on video goggles. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored the volunteers' brain activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This showed that men and women called on strikingly different brain areas to complete the task. “I didn't expect it to be so dramatic,” says Riepe.Previous students have been shown that woman rely manly on landmarks to find their way. Men use these cues too, but they also use geometric cues, such as the angle and shape of a wall or a corner. Such studies also suggest that men navigate their way out of unfamiliar spaces more quickly, as Riepe found in his study, too.Riepe discovered that both men and women used parts of the parietal cortex towards the top of the brain, the right side of the hippocampus and a few other well-established areas to find their way out. Neuroscientists think that the parietal regions help translate what the eyes see into information about where the body is in space, while the hippocampal region helps progress how objects are arranged.But other regions seemed to be exclusively male or female. The men engaged the left side of their hippocampus, which the researcherssay could help with assessinggeometry or remembering whether they have already visited a location. The women, by contrast, recruited their right frontal cortex. Riepe says this may indicate that they were using their “working memory”, trying to keep in mind the landmarks they had passed.“It fits very well with the animal studies, ”says Riepe. He points out that there seem to be similar differences in rats. For example, damage to the frontal lobe will impair a female 's sense of direction, but not a mal'es.66. The studies on the driving issue have evolved _________A. from the car to the driverB. from the reality to the virtual -ealityC. from the physical cues to the parts of the brainD. from the cues of navigation to the strategies of driving67. The different parts of the brain men and women use to find their wayaround, according to the passage, refer to _______A. the left side of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortexB. the right and left side of their hippocampuses respectivelyC. the right and left hemisphere of their brains respectivelyD. the parietal cortex and the hippocampus as a whole68. The part of the brain women use may help explain whythey ___________ .A. use geometric cues to navigateB. have a better memory than menC. rely mainly on landmarks to find their waysD. behave less aggressively than men in driving69. T he reason for the differences in the sexes, according to Riepe, could beA. the environmental factorB. the psychological factorC. the innate factorD. all of the above70. Which one of the following questions did the studies answer?A. How do women and men drive differently?B. How can we detect the brain activities during driving?C. Why do men and women argue over which route to take?D. Why does the damage to the frontal lobe impair the sense ofdirection?Passage ThreeWork has left you frazzled. Your legs ache when you get back fromthe gym …don 'pop those aspiri ns just yet. Think hot spri ngs. Cranking up a hot tub and hopping in is a actural remedy that can provide significant relief from physical pain and stress.There are more than three million home spas in the U.S. today. Thereare numerous reasons spas have made the move from the decks of Hollywood producers to the back yards of middle America. Spas help reduce the effect of stress on your body, assist in muscle recovery after the stress of exercise, and help heal muscles near arthritic joints.There ate three elements to hydrotherapy that, in tandem, provide these healing effects on the body: heat, buoyancy, and motion. When you exercise, your muscles develop thousands of microscopic tears which result in painful lactic acid build-up in the muscle tissue. Hydrotherapy's motion and warmth cause blood vessels to dilate, lowering blood pressure and speeding the flow of oxygen, endorphins, and cell-repairing nutrients to injured muscles. Additionally, buoyancy of the water reduces the strain on your knees and joints which allow the surrounding muscles to relax. This can be of crucial help to arthritis sufferers, because when joints are inflamed, the surrounding muscles become tense to protect them. Relaxing in a spa then makes your muscles more limber and reduces the pain. Water's healing potential has long been known.We don't tend to associate intelligence with our bodies, yet as Thomas Edison said, “ Greatideas originate in the muscles.”Radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich believed that many of us inhibit or deny impulses, feelings, traumas, and stressesby tightening our muscles and creating a kind of “body armor.”He felt that as you cut off the source of pain, you also cut off the source of pleasure. By loosening body armor, byletting muscles relax, you can return to a feeling of flow and creativity.Few things can relax the body more than a home spa. And a relaxed body leads to a relaxed mind. There is no better place to start relaxing than an hour in your home hot springs.71. To begin with, what does the author insist we avoid doing?A. Undergoing physical pain and stress.B. Taking aspirin tablets.C. Going to the gym.D. Relaxing in a spa.72. What does the second sentence in the second paragraph implies?A. The origin of spas.B. The popularity of hot springs.C. The flux of people to mid America.D. The spas as a luxury only for the rich.73. After the stress of exercise, the injured muscles ___A. will lead to arthritisB. contain plenty of microscopic tearsC. can cause blood pressure to declineD. will boost the production of cell-repairing nutrients74. The author contends that our creativity _____A. can be enforced by the‘body armor”B. does not occur in mind but in the musclesC. can be hampered with our muscles tightenedD. is good only when we are free of mental an d physical stress75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Spas, the Best RelaxationB. A Brief History of Spas.C. Spa Resorts in the USAD. Soak AwayStressPassage FourConvincing the public to follow health advice can be tough and time-consuming. This may be why changes to health messages are often fiercely resisted by those whose job is to get the advice across. So, for example, the suggestion that smokers who cannot quit should reduce their exposure to harm by switching to chewing tobacco met with extreme opposition.A still more ferocious debate is emerging over the health impact of sunshine. For the past 20years, advice on sunlight has come from dermatologists who rightly warn people to cover up when they ventureoutside for fear of developing skin cancer. But evidence from researchersin other fields now suggests that short periods in the sun without protection—sometimes as little as a few minutes a day---can preventmost other major forms of cancer.This surprising conclusion stems from findings that vitamin D. which is made by skin cells exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays, is a potent anti-cancer agent. The researchers who made this discovery are eager to be heard. But their message is about as welcome as a bad rash, particularly in countries such as Australia and the US where fair-skinned immigrants living at Mediterranean latitudes have made skin cancer a huge problem.The American Academy of Dermatology argues that advocating one carcinogen ---- U V radiation --- to protect against other forms of cancer is dangerous and misleading. If people need more vitamin D, they should take a multivitamin or drink milk fortified with it, says the academy. Unfortunately, the solution is not as simple as that. Critics also argue that the protective effect of sunlight is not yet proved. While this may be true, the evidence is very suggestive. The case is built on several studies that bring together cellular biology, biochemistry and epidemiology.And all the criticism of this theory counts for nothing if, as some of its advocates, suggest, the number of people dying for lack of sunlight is four times as high as those dying from skin cancer. At the same time, those advocates must not overstate their case. Everyone wants to save as manylives as they can.What we need now is for national medical research bodies and cancer research organizations to investigate the relative risks and benefits of sunshine. This will almost certainly mean more epidemiological work, which should start as soon as possible. As for the public: give them the facts, including risk estimates for short periods in the sun---and for covering up. It is patronizing（施恩于人的） to assume that people cannot deal with complex messages.What we definitely do not want is a war of words between groups with polarized views, and no prospect of the issue being resolved. That way will only lead to confusion, distrust of doctors and more unnecessary deaths.76. According to the first two paragraphs, the problem seems to be that the public ________A. cannot be reached by health messagesB. is torn between two health messagesC. never trust those health researchersD. are divided over health problems77. The recent opposition goes to ________A. the protective value of sunshineB. the cancer-causing effect of sunshineC. the debate over the health impact of sunshineD. the two controversial messages about skin cancer78. According to the critics, the health impact of sunshine ________A. will be epidemiologically provedB. is misleading the public altogetherC. merits a comprehensive investigationD. can be easily addressed with a simple solution79. The author implies that health messages should be made easy _____A. to debateB. to swallowC. to estimateD. to publicize80. As for the issue, the author suggests that the public ________A. decide on their own how much sunshine is too muchB. avoid unnecessary deaths due to complex messagesC. be provided with reliable and practicable messagesD. facilitate the understanding of health messagesPassage FiveI make my way down the three chilly blocks to an old diner on Commercial Street. I am meeting a new friend for lunch. I 've never been here before: this is not my part of town. And so I arrive early, to sit in an old wooden booth and learn what I can about the place.They call it Katie 's kitchen. One hundred years ago, it was a bar. The barstools remain, but through community donations, it 's now a respectablerestaurant. The hostess, casher, and waiters are residents of a nearby hotel for the transient and unemployed and work here to gain dignity and job skills. Both the hotel and restaurant are run by Sister L, a nun with a heart and a great deal of business sense.My new friend arrives. He works down the street, in a clinic for indigent （穷的）persons; he knows these people. The workers and many of the clients seem to know him too, for I see warmth and proud smiles on their faces as he greets them. Behind him, a few nameless souls wander in from the street in a swirl of December wind.I focus on our waitress. A pretty girl of perhaps 18 years, she is all smiles and grace. I wonder for a moment why she's here ---what her story is;what her dreams are; whether she is raising children on her own. But I cannot hold the thought, for she reminds me of another waitress at my favorite coffee shop---a college student with a bright future.Some time later, I finish my soup and sandwich---a good meal made better because of the smile of the girl who served it. I wipe my mouth and go to pay. Eight dollars and sixty-four cents, for two. To our embarrassment, my friend and I discover that neither of us has cash, and my credit card is not good here.We sheepishly approach Sister L, who smiles and takes my bill. “It o'ka s y.”she says. “We'll buy your lunch. It 'll be our pleasure.”Slowly, I leave the world of the diner. Back at the hospital where I work, my boss laments our financial woes. “ We' rreeally tight,”he says.”。
医学博士英语听力面试题
医学博士英语听力面试题Title: Medical Doctor English Listening Interview Questions and AnswersIn the realm of medical education, the English language proficiency of aspiring doctors is crucial. It is not only a requirement for effective communication within the healthcare system but also a prerequisite for international collaborations and research. Therefore, the English listening interview plays a pivotal role in assessing the candidate's ability to comprehend and respond appropriately in a medical context.Here are some sample English listening interview questions and answers that are designed to test a medical doctor's comprehension skills and ability to communicate effectively in English.$$Question 1:$$ Describe the symptoms of a patient who has been complaining of chest pain for the past week.**Answer:** The patient has been experiencing chest pain for the past week, describing it as a dull ache that radiates to the left arm. The pain is often triggered byexertion and relieved by rest. Additionally, the patient mentions feeling short of breath, especially after physical activity. There is also a history of elevated blood pressure and smoking, which are known risk factors for heart disease.**Question 2:** Discuss the treatment options for a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.**Answer:** For a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the treatment options typically include a combination of lifestyle modifications and medication. Lifestyle modifications involve dietary changes such as reducing sugar intake and increasing fiber consumption, as well as regular physical activity to aid in weight management. Medication may include oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's response to initial treatment. Close monitoring of blood sugar levels is also crucial.**Question 3:** Explain the role of a primary care physician in managing chronic diseases.**Answer:** A primary care physician plays a pivotal role in managing chronic diseases. They are responsible forproviding continuous and comprehensive care, including regular check-ups, screenings, and follow-up appointments. They monitor the patient's condition, adjust treatment plans based on the progression of the disease, and provide education and counseling on lifestyle modifications. Additionally, they coordinate care with specialists and other healthcare providers to ensure the patient receives optimal treatment.**Question 4:** Describe the process of diagnosing a stroke in an emergency setting.**Answer:** In an emergency setting, diagnosing a stroke involves a rapid assessment of the patient's symptoms and neurological status. This includes evaluating the patient's ability to speak, move, and understand commands. Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and identify the location and extent of the stroke. Additionally, blood tests may be performed to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial to minimize the damage caused by a stroke.**Question 5:** Discuss the ethical considerations involved in conducting medical research.**Answer:** Medical research is governed by strict ethical considerations to ensure the safety and well-being of participants and the integrity of the research process. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring their privacy and confidentiality, and minimizing any potential risks involved. Researchers must also adhere to the principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice, ensuring that the research benefits society and does not harm individuals. Additionally, the results of the research must be accurately reported and interpreted, and any conflicts of interest must be disclosed.These sample questions and answers demonstrate the range of medical concepts and scenarios that may be covered in an English listening interview for medical doctors. They require the candidate to demonstrate not only a solid understanding of medical terminology and concepts but also the ability to communicate effectively in English. By preparing for such interviews, aspiring doctors can enhancetheir chances of success in the medical field, where clear and accurate communication is paramount.。
2023年医学博士英语考试听力解析
2023年医学博士英语考试听力解析全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2023 Medical Doctoral English Listening Exam Was Really Hard!Hi everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I love science, especially human bodies and medicine. That's why I decided to take the medical doctoral English listening exam this year, even though I'm just a kid. Boy was it difficult! Let me tell you all about it.The exam had four different sections: lectures, conversations, audio guides, and discussions. In the lectures part, we had to listen to professors giving talks on super complex medical topics. One was all about neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. I could barely pronounce those words, let alone understand what the lecturer was saying! She used such fancy vocabulary like "neurodegenerative" and "amyloid plaques." What does that even mean?Another lecture covered immunology and different types of vaccines. The professor spoke really quickly and threw aroundterms I'd never heard before like "adjuvants" and "attenuated pathogens." How is a kid supposed to know that stuff? I just sat there completely lost, feeling like my brain was going to explode from information overload. Ugh, lectures are the worst!Then we had to listen to conversations, mostly between doctors and patients. These were a little easier to follow since they used more everyday language. But they still talked about tons of symptoms, treatments, and medical histories that went right over my head. In one conversation, a woman was describing her gastric reflux and nausea to her doctor. I just thought she had a weird stomachache! You medical folks sure have a lot of fancy ways to say someone's belly hurts.The audio guides section made me feel like I was on a crazy field trip to a hospital. We listened to recordings that guided us through different areas like the ER, surgery suites, and labs. They described funny-looking equipment and procedures I couldn't even picture in my head. I guess X-ray machines and ventilators are important in medicine, but I have no clue what those things actually do!Finally, there were some group discussions with doctors, nurses, and other professionals working together on patient cases. They threw around medical jargon like it was nothingwhile I sat there completely clueless. Half the time I couldn't even tell what body part or disease they were talking about with all their big curriculum words. No wonder doctors have to go to school for so many years!By the end of the exam, my brain felt like a bunch of microscopic medical words were dancing around in there. I was exhausted just from listening to everything! I have no idea how I'll do on this test, but I'm definitely not becoming a doctor when I grow up. That's way too much tough language for me to learn. I'll just be a regularkid who plays video games and eats pizza instead!So there you have it, folks - the 2023 medical doctoral English listening exam straight from an 8-year-old's perspective.I gave it my best shot, but that test is no child's play (get it?). Us kids will just leave the heavy medical listening to the grown-ups. I'm sticking to watching cartoons where I can actually understand what's going on! Thanks for reading, friends!篇2The Big English Listening Test for Future Doctors in 2023Hey there, kids! Did you have to take a big listening test this year to get into doctor school? I know lots of you want tobecome amazing doctors when you grow up, so you probably had to show how well you can listen in English. Let me tell you all about the listening part of the huge test for future medical students in 2023!This listening exam was super important because doctors need to understand everything their patients say, even if they speak a little funny or use different words than you. After all, you have to listen really carefully to know what's making someone feel yucky so you can help them get all better.The test had four main sections, and each part was a little different and tested your listening skills in new ways. Get ready, because I'm going to explain them all!Part 1 - Listening to Short ConversationsIn this first part, you heard lots of very short conversations between two people. After each little talk, there was a question about something important that was said. You had to listen super carefully and figure out the right answer by picking from a few choices.These conversations happened in different places, like at school, at home, at the park, or even at the doctor's office. The people were talking about typical stuff kids like you might chatabout, like your favorite games, whose turn it is, or what you want for a snack. Piece of cake, right?Part 2 - Listening to One Long ConversationSection two was a little trickier because you only got to listen to one big conversation. But don't worry, it repeated twice so you had two chances to catch everything!This chat was between two or three people you might meet, like your teacher, your neighbor, or maybe even your doctor. They were discussing something interesting that happened recently, like a school event, a family trip, or a check-up at the clinic. After the conversation played twice, there were some questions to test how much you understood.Part 3 - Listening to Talks and PresentationsGet ready, because part three had people giving longer speeches all about fascinating topics! You may have heard talks about exciting science stuff, awesome places to visit, or important school rules to follow.The speakers explained lots of details and descriptions, so you really had to concentrate. Some of them even had pictures or diagrams to look at while you listened. After each talk, you gotquestions to see if you paid close attention to the main points and key information.Part 4 - Listening to Lectures and DiscussionsPhew, you made it to the last section! Part four was extra challenging because it had university lectures and classroom discussions. The teachers and students chatted about complex ideas and difficult concepts related to science, medicine, research studies, and more.Since these lectures were super advanced, there were lots of new vocabulary words and difficult phrases to try and understand. But don't worry, you'll learn all that fancy science talk when you become a brilliant doctor someday! The questions after the lectures checked if you caught the overall topics and important details being explained.Well, there you have it - the entire 2023 English Listening Exam for anyone dreaming of doctor school. I bet you rocked each section by focusing really hard and using those excellent listening skills of yours.Paying close attention is so important, especially for future doctors and nurses who need to really hear what their patients are saying. Whether it's about a cold, a scratchy throat, arambling story, or a teeny-tiny cough, you have to listen to every single word to help people feel better.I'm proud of all you future medical superstars for working so hard on this big test. Before you know it, you'll be using those listening talents every day when you grow up to save lives and make the whole world healthier! Now go grab a fruit snack and recharge - you've earned it!篇3The Big Year 2023 Doctor Test Listening ThingyHey guys! Timmy here to tell you all about the listening part of the mega huge doctor test from last year. My big bro Jake is trying to become a doctor, so he had to take this crazy difficult test. I helped him practice the listening section and man, was it hard!The first thing you got to know is that the listening had loads of different question types. There were the basic "what did the speaker say about blah blah blah" kinds of questions. But then there were trickier ones where you had to listen super carefully and pick out tiny details. My brother said those nitpicky ones were the worst!One Really Hard PartOne type of question that gave Jake a headache was when they played a conversation between two people. Then they'd ask something like "What will the woman likely do next?" You had to listen to all the little clues about what they were talking about to figure out the answer. Not easy!Another mean question type was when they read a fairly long science-y passage out loud. Afterwards, you had to answer all these questions proving you understood the details and main points. I would've fallen asleep listening to those boring readings if I was taking the test! Jake said you really had to focus hard.Accent ObstaclesBut wait, it gets even harder! A lot of the listening passages had people talking with crazy accents. There were British accents, Australian accents, Indian accents, and more. Jake said it was easy to miss things when the speakers didn't sound like they were from around here.On top of that, sometimes there would be background noises and distractions. One conversation took place in a busy cafe, so you could hear dishes clanking and people chatting in the background. Another time, the speakers were walking downa busy city street. Horns were honking and cars zooming by while they talked! No fair, right?Test TacticsSince the listening was so tough, Jake had to study real hard for it. He taught me some of his strategies too in case I ever get a difficult listening test (hopefully not!). First off, he said you got to really concentrate and pay super close attention at all times. No zoning out!Jake also made notes while he listened, jotting down key details and facts. He said this helps keep you focused and lets you refer back to your notes when answering questions. Smart!Another thing Jake did was look ahead at the questions before the recordings played. That way, he had an idea of what kind of info to listen for. Pretty sneaky sis!The Most Important StepBut Jake said the most important tip of all was to practice, practice, practice with real test materials. He did a zillion listening exercises from past tests and online resources. It wasn't fun, but it got him ready for the real deal.Towards the end, Jake made me quiz him by reading materials out loud and asking questions. I tried to throw indistractions and use funny accents to make it realistic. I even made up silly background scenarios, like having him pretend to listen while construction was going on outside! He didn't think it was too funny, but it got him prepared.The Big PayoffWell, all of Jake's hard work studying for the listening must have paid off, because he passed that section with flying colors! He said without doing so much practice, he would've bombed it for sure.These huge important doctor tests are crazy hard, but I guess you gotta do whatcha gotta do. I'm proud of my bro for pushing through and nailing the listening, even when it tried so hard to stump him with weird voices and noises. Now if I can just get him to help me study for my spelling test next week...篇4The Big English Listening Test for Future DoctorsWow, can you believe it? The big English listening test for people who want to become doctors happened this year! My older sister took it because she dreams of helping sick peoplefeel better someday. She studied really hard and I'm going to tell you all about how the test went down.First off, the whole thing was in English from start to finish. That's because doctors need to understand patients from all around the world who might speak different languages. My sister said the first part was just listening to some basic conversations between a doctor and a patient. Stuff like "How are you feeling today?" and "Does this hurt when I do this?" Pretty easy peasy if you ask me!But then it started getting trickier. There were recordings of doctors giving all sorts of complicated instructions about medicine and procedures. My sister had to listen super carefully and answer questions about all the details. Like how many pills to take, what times to take them, and weird words I can't even pronounce!After that, they played some lectures from real medical school professors. My sister's hand cramped up from furiously writing notes on topics like anatomy (that's a fancy word for body parts), diseases, and treatments. She said it was just like being in a college classroom, except no raising your hand to ask questions allowed!The hardest part was at the very end - a super long recording about an experiment on new medicine. My sister had to make a flowchart of all the steps and results they talked about. She said her brain felt like scrambled eggs by the end from concentrating so hard!When she finally finished, my sister looked exhausted but relieved. She told me the test was no joke and tested if she could really understand all the scientific and medical English that doctors need to know. Listening closely for hours on end was a huge mental workout!But my big sis is tough as nails. A couple weeks later, she got her results in the mail. She passed with flying colors! I was so proud and gave her a huge high five. One giant step closer to her dream of becoming a wonderful doctor.After all her hard work, she deserves a nice long break before starting medical school. Maybe we'll go pick apples at the orchard and make a gigantic pie to celebrate! My sister can dig in without worrying about protecting her "doctorly" figure, at least for a little while.I know taking big important tests can feel scary, but my sister proved that with lots of practice and determination, you can absolutely crush it! Who knows, maybe I'll be writing aboutmy own medical English test many years from now after I follow in her footsteps. A girl can dream, right?The end! I'm wiped out just from writing about that intense listening test. Being a doctor sure isn't easy, but my sister is amazing and I know she's going to help heal the world. Let's hear it for soon-to-be Dr. Stephanie!篇5The 2023 Medical Doctorate English Exam Listening Section: A Kid's PerspectiveHey there, fellow kids! Are you ready to dive into the exciting world of the 2023 medical doctorate English exam listening section? I know, I know, exams can be a real snooze-fest, but trust me, this one's gonna be a blast!Imagine this: you're sitting in a classroom, all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, when suddenly, you hear a voice coming from the speakers. It could be a doctor talking about a patient's symptoms, or maybe a nurse explaining a medical procedure. Your job? To listen carefully and answer some questions about what you heard. Easy peasy, right?Well, not so fast, my friends. The listening section of the medical doctorate English exam is no walk in the park. It's designed to test your comprehension skills to the max, and let me tell you, those medical professionals can talk faster than a cheetah on a sugar rush!But fear not, for I'm here to give you the inside scoop on how to ace this section like a true champ. First things first, you've gotta pay close attention to every word that's said. Don't let your mind wander off to thoughts of recess or that new video game you've been dying to play. Stay focused, and if you don't understand something, don't be afraid to ask for clarification.Next up, you'll need to have a solid grasp of medical terminology. I know, I know, words like "cardiovascular" and "hematology" can sound like a foreign language, but trust me, they're not as scary as they seem. Think of it as learning a new secret code, and once you crack it, you'll feel like a real-life doctor in no time!Now, let's talk about the types of questions you might encounter. Some of them might ask you to identify the main idea or purpose of the conversation. Others might test your ability to understand specific details or draw inferences. Don't worry,though; with a little practice and some serious dedication, you'll be able to tackle these questions like a pro.But what if you get stuck on a question, you ask? Well, my dear friends, that's where your critical thinking skills come into play. Take a deep breath, rewind the recording in your mind, and see if you can piece together the clues. Sometimes, the answer might be hidden in a subtle hint or a turn of phrase. Trust your instincts and don't be afraid to make an educated guess.And remember, this exam isn't just about memorizing facts and figures. It's also about understanding the bigger picture and being able to apply what you've learned in real-life situations. So, don't just cram and regurgitate information – really try to grasp the concepts and think critically about how they might be applied in the medical field.Now, I know what you're thinking: "But wait, listening sections are so boring! How am I supposed to stay awake?" Fear not, my friends, for I have a few tricks up my sleeve to keep you entertained and engaged.First, try to imagine yourself as the doctor or nurse in the conversation. Picture yourself in a hospital setting, surrounded by beeping machines and people in scrubs. Let your imaginationrun wild, and suddenly, the listening section becomes an adventure!Next, challenge yourself to identify any interesting idioms or expressions used by the speakers. Medical professionals often have their own unique lingo, and spotting these quirky phrases can be a fun little game within the exam.And lastly, don't be afraid to get a little silly. If you hear a particularly tricky word or concept, make up a silly song or rhyme to help you remember it. Who knows, you might even start a new trend among your classmates!So, there you have it, my friends – the inside scoop on conquering the 2023 medical doctorate English exam listening section. Remember, with a positive attitude, a keen ear, and a whole lot of determination, you'll be acing this thing in no time.Now, who's ready to become a medical superhero? Let's do this!篇6The 2023 Medical Doctorate English Listening Exam - A Kid's ViewHey kids! Did you take the big medical school English listening test this year? That thing was really hard! There were all sorts of crazy words I'd never heard before. Even just the instructions made my head spin a little. But I'll do my best to break it all down for you in a way that's easy to understand.The first part was all about listening to conversations between doctors and patients. They use a ton of fancy medical terms that I couldn't even pronounce, let alone understand what they mean. There were words like "asymptomatic" and "idiopathic" that sounded like spells from a Harry Potter book! I just nodded my head and tried to focus on the main ideas rather than getting lost in the big vocabulary.From what I could tell, the doctors were asking the patients about their symptoms and trying to figure out what was wrong with them. The patients described things like headaches, fevers, rashes, and tummy aches. Those were words I could actually follow! But then the doctors started saying things about diagnoses, differentials, and treatment plans that went right over my head again.The second part was all lectures and presentations about scientific research and medical topics. I'm telling you, these professors use the most mind-boggling words I've ever heard!They threw around terms like "pathophysiology," "epidemiology," and "histopathological" like they were talking about puppies and rainbows. How do grown-ups even learn words like that?From the little bits I could understand, it seemed like they were discussing things like how diseases spread, what causes certain illnesses, and new medicines or treatments being developed. There was a lot of talk about statistics, research methods, and fancy equipment too. I just nodded again and tried to follow the main concepts rather than getting bogged down in the enormous vocabulary.After surviving those two sections, there were a couple of other smaller parts that were a little easier. One had a straightforward dialogue between a doctor providing health education to a patient about diet, exercise, or managing a specific condition. Those real-world conversations weren't nearly as jammed with big scholarly words, so I could actually understand most of what they were saying.The last part had sort of open-ended tasks and scenarios where you had to listen and then answer a bunch of open-ended questions. Things like "Describe the proper procedure for administering this medication" or "What are some potential sideeffects of this treatment?" For those, I just had to breathe deeply, take my time, and do my best to pull out the key points and important details from all the complicated language.Phew, I'm getting brain freezes just thinking back on it all! I don't know how you future doctors managed to stay focused through all those crazy medical words and science-y concepts. By the end, my brain felt like it had been wrung out like a damp towel.But you know what? I tried my best, focused on the big ideas I could actually understand, and feels pretty good about how I did overall. Sure, there was a mountain of enormous vocabulary that went over my head. But I think I was able to get the gist of the most essential points about doctor-patient conversations, research topics, treatments, and more.I'll tell you one thing - I have a whole new level of respect and admiration for doctors after experiencing that listening exam! Having to surgically dissect all that complex information and specialized lingo is definitely not for the faint of heart. You med school kids are one tough bunch of cookies, let me tell you.So congrats to all of you future doctors and medical professionals who conquered the listening beast this year! The fact that you can absorb and understand that level of advancedscientific jargon is nothing short of amazing to a kid like me. You should feel like superhero geniuses for making it through.Just don't forget to use simpler words once you start seeing patients, okay? Explaining big fancy concepts in basic language we can all understand is actually one of the most important。
2023年全国医学博士英语考试真题及答案
2023年全国医学博士英语考试真题及答案2023 National Medical Doctoral English Exam Questions and AnswersPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Pain Management in Cancer PatientsPain is a common symptom experienced by cancer patients. Proper pain management is crucial to improving the quality of life for these patients. There are various methods for managing pain, including medications, physical therapy, and psychological interventions.Question 1: Why is pain management important for cancer patients?Question 2: What are some methods for managing pain in cancer patients?Question 3: How can physical therapy help in pain management?Question 4: What role do medications play in pain management for cancer patients?Part II: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions that follow.Audio Clip: A doctor discussing the importance of early detection in cancer patients.Question 1: Why is early detection important in cancer patients?Question 2: What are some common symptoms of cancer that patients should be aware of?Question 3: What screening tests are recommended for early detection of cancer?Question 4: How can lifestyle changes help in preventing cancer?Part III: WritingIn 250 words or less, write an essay on the importance of communication between healthcare providers and cancer patients. Discuss how effective communication can impact a patient's treatment and overall well-being.Part IV: SpeakingYou will be given a topic related to cancer treatment. Prepare a 3-minute speech on the topic and present it to the examiners.Answers:Part I: 1. Pain management is important for cancer patients because it helps improve the quality of life and overall well-being of the patients.2. Methods for managing pain in cancer patients include medications, physical therapy, and psychological interventions.3. Physical therapy can help in pain management by improving mobility, flexibility, and strength, which can reduce pain and discomfort in cancer patients.4. Medications play a crucial role in pain management for cancer patients by providing relief from pain and improving the patient's quality of life.Part II: 1. Early detection is important in cancer patients because it allows for timely treatment and improved outcomes.2. Common symptoms of cancer that patients should be aware of include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, and changes in bowel or bladder habits.3. Screening tests recommended for early detection of cancer include mammograms, colonoscopies, and Pap smears.4. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise can help in preventing cancer.Part III: Effective communication between healthcare providers and cancer patients is crucial for ensuring the best possible treatment outcomes. When healthcare providers communicate effectively with their patients, they can better understand the patient's needs, concerns, and preferences, which can help tailor the treatment plan to meet the patient's individual needs. Effective communication can also help build trust between the healthcare provider and the patient, which is essential for a successful treatment relationship. Additionally, communication can help improve the patient's understanding of their condition, treatment options, and prognosis, which can reduce anxiety and fear associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment. Overall, effective communication can lead to better treatment outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, and a higher quality of life for cancer patients.Part IV: The topic of my speech is the importance of personalized treatment plans for cancer patients. Personalizedtreatment plans are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for cancer patients. By tailoring treatment plans to meet the individual needs, preferences, and characteristics of each patient, healthcare providers can maximize the effectiveness of treatment while minimizing side effects and complications. Personalized treatment plans can also help improve patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and overall quality of life. Ultimately, personalized treatment plans can lead to better treatment outcomes, improved survival rates, and a higher quality of life for cancer patients.。
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力部分是医学考博英语统考中的重要部分，在听力考试中，不仅需要听懂题目，还需要识别不同的语速、口音和语调，更要能够在有限的时间内准确地理解题意，这需要考生必须有一定的听力能力。
下面是几道考博英语听力题目，以及其中一些参考内容。
1. 听力材料：You will hear a conversation between a patient, Sandy, and a nurse.Question：What is Sandy allergic to?参考答案：Sandy is allergic to penicillin.2. 听力材料：You will hear a news report about the outbreak of the flu in the city.Question：What is the main advice given in the report?参考答案：The main advice is to get a flu shot.3. 听力材料：You will hear a lecture about the causes of heart disease.Question：What are the three main causes of heart disease discussed in the lecture?参考答案：The three main causes of heart disease are high bloodpressure, smoking and high cholesterol levels.4. 听力材料：You will hear a conversation between two friends, John and Mary, discussing their fitness routines.Question：What does Mary do to keep in shape?参考答案：Mary goes to the gym and does weight training and cardio exercises twice a week.5. 听力材料：You will hear a dialogue between a doctor and a pati ent, discussing the patient’s symptoms.Question：What does the doctor suggest the patient do to relieve his symptoms?参考答案：The doctor suggests that the patient take some over-the-counter medication and get plenty of rest.在进行医学考博英语统考时，对于听力考试，除了平时多听英语外，平时还可以多做一些听力练习来提高听力能力，可以选择一些模拟试卷或者音频材料，或是练习听取不同语速、口音和语调的录音材料。
全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
最新版--全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按"考场指令"要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3. 试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑:如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4. 标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example.You will hear.Woman: 1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read.A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answerNow let's begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.4.A. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. It's hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to the man's heartC. She is feeling the man's pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym. B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesn't have any allergiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music. B. Read magazines.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.PassageTwo26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the brain.C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31 B. 6. C.4. D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasn't brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution，he never __ from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD.supplement33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did notseem to _ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their planA. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy pricesA. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine，and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenable Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There arefour words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine. A. negative B. confusing C. eloquent D. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth，52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father，53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism ，55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancercells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low51 A. suggests B. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52. A. since B. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. what B. whomC. whoD.as54. A. predicted B. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. where B. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as many B. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threat B. puzzleC.obstacleD. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59. A. Therefore B. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihood B. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETPassage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Who's to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question _A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U.S., chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant)But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended toA. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U.S.D. address the source of liver transplants67 What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratch?A. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B. A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. Growing liver cells in the donor organ68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab untilA. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. The rats as wrong recipients.B. The time point of the transplantation .C. The short period of the recellularization.D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.70. The research team holds high hopes ofA. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea--the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In along-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.71 What is the main idea of this passage?A. Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B. The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C. The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D. The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.72. The Italian technique reported in this passageA. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?A. The places in which people work.B. The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C. The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D. The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.74. What is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B. The patient physically healthy.C. The damaged eye with partial vision.D. The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.75. Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards thenew method?A. Sarcastic.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. PositivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies--and are only partly explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创)，after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London.What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation .Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle--fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicineIt's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor76. As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects -A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. Where to live.B. Which race to belong toC. How to adjust environmentally.D. What medical problem to suffer.78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. Which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. The racial perspective.B. The environmental aspect.C. The biological dimension.D. The psychological angel.80. The author is a big fan ofA. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered , according to a report on the findings published in the WallStreet Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJreports. At the very, least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amidthe cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. Theyused the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodiesScientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don't work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found "broadly neutralizing antibodies," which knock out many H IV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization, is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest there test methods that blend the three new antibodies together--in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, theythink most people could produce then , the WSJ says.81 We can learn from the beginning ofthe passage that_A. a newly discovered antibody defeats 91 % of the H IV strainsB. a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC. American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD. the African-American gay man was cured of his HIV infection82. What is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African-American gay man?。
全国医学博士英语统考
《全国医学博士外语统一考试指南》（08年版） 国家医学考试中心 人民卫生出版社
1.如何准备单词？
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
词汇扩展有方法 一、重点突出缩减法 二、词根词缀科学法 三、语境场景串联法 四、近义反义联想法 五、词组换位巧记法 六、阅读练习积累法
2、如何准备语法？
句法+时态语态
阅读理解+写作
The simple act of visitation, of presence, of taking the trouble to witness the patient’s process can be in itself a potent healing affirmation---a sacramental(圣礼的 ) gesture received by the dying person who may be feeling helpless, diminished, and fearful that they have little to offer others.
主旨题阅读公式 1．主旨题阅读公式一： 文章的主旨=全文的主旨句 =各段落主题句之和 2．主旨题阅读公式二： 文章的主旨≠文中的某一细节 ≠文中某一部分的主要内容 ≠覆盖面过广的表述 ≠文章未涉及的内容
5、如何准备书面表达
一、锤炼写作基本功 二、熟悉摘要写作技巧 （一）理解概括原文要点 （二）列出英文摘要的提纲 （三）写好文章的第一段、每段的段首句 （四）使用关联词语串联重要细节 三、进行适量写作实践
全国医学博士英语统考
一、题型简介
题型 试 卷 一 对话 听力 （30分）短文 题数 15 15 10 10 10 30 1 91 分数 15分 15分 5分 5分 10分 30分 20分 100分 时间 30分钟
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力 Section APassage 1The speaker is discussing a new application for virtual reality technology in the healthcare field. By creating a virtual reality space in which patients can experience their own medical conditions, doctors hope to improve both the emotional and physical well-being of patients. The speaker notes that the technology has already been used successfully in treating post-traumatic stress disorder.Passage 2In this passage, the speaker is discussing the different factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. She explains how increasing global travel and the movement of people between different regions of the world can facilitate the spread of diseases. She also notes that factors such as climate change and urbanization can contribute to the emergence of new diseases.Passage 3In this passage, the speaker is discussing the different types of dementia. She notes that Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. The speaker describes the symptoms of these conditions, including memory loss and difficulty with everyday tasks. She also discusses the importance of early diagnosis in managing dementia.听力 Section BConversation 1The speakers are discussing the role of nutrition in promoting good health. They note that a healthy diet can help to prevent chronic illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. The speakers also discuss the importance of avoiding processed foods and sugary drinks, and they recommend eating a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.Conversation 2In this conversation, the speakers are discussing the benefits of mindfulness meditation. They note that mindfulness can help to reduce stress and anxiety, and improve overall mental health. The speakers also discuss different techniques that can be used during mindfulness meditation, such as focusing on the breath or visualizing a peaceful environment.Conversation 3In this conversation, the speakers are discussing the importance of sleep for overall health. They note that getting enough sleep can help to improve memory and concentration, and reduce the risk of developing chronic illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. The speakers also discuss different strategies for improving sleep, such as avoiding caffeine and creating a comfortable sleep environment.。
2000-2012医博统考英语听力题解析原文汇总
2000-2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题此汇总一共12套，98页查找规律，找到应试感觉2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1.A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C.Drug addiction D.Cerebral haemorrhage2.A. About 860, 000 B.About 1. 5 millionC.About 1/2 of the total populationD.About 2/3 of the total population3.A. Easy to use B.Safe C.Economical D.Fast actingTalk Two4.A. Students B.Teachers C.Social workers D.Doctors5.A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB.They took a one-day course of psychologyC.They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6.A. To understand the handicapped B.To create compassion for the neededC.To share difficulties with the poorD.To take care of the disabled7.A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB.More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC.Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD.All of the aboveTalk Three8.A. The President and the hospital B.A visit to the hospitalC.President Abraham LincolnD.Lincoln and a wounded soldier9.A. Writing down a letter for him B.Dictating a letter for himC.Typing a letter for himD.Posting a letter for him10.A. The President signed the letterB.The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC.The young man went peacefully through to his end.D.The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.D. Pesticides made them extinct.3. A. The bird is not adored any more.B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.Talk Two4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.C. To pay a visit to the suburb.D. To wander about the streets.5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.C. To get to know his way around the suburb.D. To while away the hours.6. A. He was unable to find his way back.B. A policeman could help him with his problem.C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.D. All of the above.7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.B. He found the place where he lived.C. He was misled to a wrong place.D. He decided to stay in the country.Talk Three8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.C. A case of prostate cancer.D. A case of community medical service.9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.C. His wife’s idea.D. Three signatures.10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediateattractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection ATalk One1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。
医学博士英语听力
医学博士英语听力Medical Doctorate English ListeningListening is an essential skill for any medical doctorate student. Good listening skills are important to be able to take on board what your lecturers and tutors are saying in classes and seminars, to understand the advice and guidance given by development and research supervisors and to be able to engage in constructive dialogue and debate with fellow students.Good listening also allows you to process and analyse the information presented. It invo lves ‘academic sifting’ where you pay close attention to: key facts, statistics and arguments; instructions; changes in a speaker’s tone; howone point implies another; and any subtle changes in emphasis.Active listening is an integral part of being able to interact with others during meetings, seminars and classes, and involves more than just hearing what is being said but actually engaging in conversation. This can involve summarising and asking questions about key points so everyone can be clear what is being discussed.When preparing for medical doctorate studies, it is important to work on improving your listening skills from the start. This can involve reading widely in your chosen areaand critically evaluating the material, as well as makingsure that you have taken full advantage of the opportunity to attend tutorials and seminar sessions and take part in group discussions.In addition to actively engaging in conversations with lecturers and other students, there are a number of techniques which are useful when it comes to improving your listening skills. Practise close listening to lectures, paying attention to the structure and flow of the information and the key points being discussed. Learn to identify turning points and key words with work out the implications of these. Also be prepared to ask open-ended questions and seek clarification where needed.Finally, make sure you pay attention to body language and facial expressions which may provide extra cues to help increase your understanding of the material. Paying attention to all of these aspects will give you a more rounded view of what is being said and help you become a better listener.。
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力部分共有两篇文章，分别是一篇短文和一篇长对话。
短文主要是介绍一种新型的医疗器械，而长对话则是围绕着医学研究和学术交流展开的。
短文篇章短文介绍的是一种新型的医疗器械，也是一种非侵入性手术治疗方式。
它能够治疗许多常见的疾病，包括癌症、心脏病、神经病等。
这种治疗方式有许多优点，比如可以减少手术风险、缩短康复期、降低医疗成本等。
这种治疗方式是通过磁共振成像技术进行的。
医生会在受治疗的部位放置一个可调节的电磁场，来驱动患者体内的药物或热力治疗。
这种治疗方式不仅能够缓解疼痛，还能够消除病灶，提高治疗效果。
此外，这种手术也有良好的术后效果，因为它减少了手术对身体的伤害，所以患者的康复过程会更快。
长对话篇章长对话是两位医学学者之间的交流。
他们讨论的主要话题是医学研究和学术交流。
他们认为医学研究是一项非常重要的工作，因为它能够改善人类的健康状况。
然而，医学研究也有很多难点，比如需要大量的研究数据、需要专业的研究人员等等。
他们认为，学术交流对医学研究也非常重要。
通过学术交流，研究人员可以分享自己的研究成果，与其他领域的研究人员进行交流，发现新的创新点。
同时，学术交流也是非常重要的评审机制之一，可以帮助鉴定研究成果的科学价值和临床应用前景。
因此，他们对于学术交流和医学研究都非常看重。
两位医学学者还谈到了一些现实的问题，比如医学研究面临的资金不足、人才稀缺等等。
他们认为，政府需要加大对于医学研究的投入力度，同时还需要培养更多的优秀研究人才，才能够在医学领域取得更多的进展。
综上所述，全国医学考博英语统考试题的听力部分主要涉及到了医学领域的新型治疗方式和医学研究的相关话题。
这些内容对于准备参加医学考博的人来说都是非常有用的，也可以作为日后的学习和研究的参考。
2020年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案
年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题AERONEartI ListeningComprehension(30%)SectionAConversationOne1.A.Therightmedicationforthewoman. B.Theadvantageofregularmedication.C.ThepopularmedicationontheInternet.D.Thebestmedicationforhighbloodpressure.2.A.Toteachherhowioproperlyusedrugs. B.Toprescribehernewly-developeddrugs.C.Toaddadrugtothemedicationsheison.D.Toincreasethedosageofhermedication.3.A.Toprescribetwomedicationforher.B.ToallowhertobuymedicineontheInternet.C.Toadviseonthemedicineherfriendisusing.D.Toprovidesomemedicaladvicetoherfriend.ConversationTwo4.A.Japan. B.France. C.TheUK. D.SouthKorea.5.A.Lowobesityrates. B.Inadequatehealthresources.C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.6.A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries. B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.ConversationThree7.A.Hehadhadasuccessfulcareer. B.Hehadhadahappyfamily.C.Hehadshownmorelove.D.Hehadbeenwealthier.8.A.Intheirlate20s. B.Intheirmid-30s. C.Intheirmid-40s. D.Intheirlate50s.9.A.Theywerecarefree. B.Theywerepeaceful.C.Theywererelaxing.D.Theywerefulfilling.ConversationFour10.A.Theirpositiveeffects. B.Theirconstantmutation.C.Difficultyinidentifyingthem.D.Possibilityofinheritingthem.11.A.Youmaysufferfrommentalillnesses.B.Youmaybealonewithoutfeelingbad.C.Youmayhavehighlevelsofbloodpressure.D.Youmaydevelopgreatabilitytotoleratefailure.12.A.Becauseheisalwayscheerful. B.Becausehelikesoutdooractivities.C.Becausehefeltbadattheweekend.D.Becausehewasnotathomelastweek.ConversationFive13.A.Globaltrends. testadvances.C.Existingproblems.D.Technicalsolutions14.A.Itiscostly. B.Itisinefficient.C.Itsimplifiestasks.D.Itfacilitatestheirwork.15.A.Theyareunsafe. B.Theyareuser-friendly.C.Theyarebriefandconcise.D.Theyarelengthyandincomprehensible.PassageOne16.A.Howshechangedhercareer. B.Whatittakestobeavolleyballcoach.C.Howshewalkedoutofhercomfortzone.D.Whatisthebestroutetobeingadoctor.17.A.Becauseofahighsalary. B.Becauseofhermedicaleducation.C.Becauseofherfamilybackground.D.Becauseofherinterestinphysicaltherapy.18.A.AnMDdegree. B.Moremedicalknowledge.C.Eightyearsofmedicaleducation.D.Experiencewithavolleyballteam.PassageTwo19.A.MedicalinsuranceintheU.S. B.HealthcaresystemintheU.S.C.TelemedicineservicesintheU.S.D.HealthservicesfortheelderlyintheU.S.20.A.Becausetheythinkthatthedoctoronlineisunfriendly.B.Becausetheydonothavetrustinonlinemedicalservices.C.Becausetheyarenotaccessibletoonlinemedicalservices.D.Becausetheydonotknowmuchaboutcomputeroperation.21.A.Becauseitcanprovidequalityservices.B.Becauseitcanproviderichinformation.C.Becauseitcanofferpersonalizedservices.D.Becauseitcancutdownonhealthcarecost.PassageThree22.A.Theyaretoocostly.B.Theyarenotembracedbyworkers.C.Theymaynotproducethedesiredbenefits.D.Theymaydemandextraeffortsfromcompanies.23.A.Thewellnessprogrammightnotbeasbeneficialasexpected.B.Thewellnessprogramhelpedtoreducethehealthcarecosts.C.Thewellnessprogramsignificantlyimprovedtheworkers’health.D.Thewellnessprogramdidnotsignificantlychangetheworkers’behaviors.24.A.Todevelopmoreeffectivewellnessprograms.B.Tofindoutthelong-termeffectsofwellnessprograms.C.Toencouragemoreworkerstoenrollinwellnessprograms.D.Toconfirmtheemployers’expectationsforwellnessprograms.Four25.A.Hefelloffstairs. B.Healmostlosthislife.C.Hehadhisspineandarminjured.D.Hereceivedtwooperations.26.A.Itreducessurgeryhours. B.Itstabilizesbonefractures.C.Itreplacesrodsandscrews.D.Ithelpsbonegrowinashorttime.27.A.ItwaseffectiveinEllis’scase. B.Itcannotbewidelyappliedyet.C.Itonlyworksonseriousinjuries.D.Itwasusedforthefirsttime.Fiv28.A.Itdecreasestheriskofdiabetes. B.Itdisruptstheirdigestivesystem.C.Itimpactstheirmetabolism.D.Itdecreasestheriskofobesity.29.A.Itmaybeharmful. B.Itmaybeaddictive.C.Itmayimprovehealth.D.Itmaycauseinsomnia.30.A.Sleeplossandhealth. B.Recoverysleepandhealth.C.Weekdaysleepschedules.D.Weekendsleepschedules.rtⅡVocbulry(10%)SctionADirction:Inthissectionallthesentencesareincomplete.FourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C, andDaregivenbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence, andthenmarktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.31.If there is a good drug available,it is everyone’s responsibility to make sure patients can ________it.A.affordB.demandC.tolerateD.supply32.Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir_______proteins.A.abundantB.malignantC.equivalentD.prevalent33.Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto_______coldsweat, youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.A.breakintoB.breakoutC.breakthroughD.breakup34.Measles virus can remain in the air for at least a couple of hours,infecting anyone who is susceptible,and_______causingdeadlyoutbreaks.A.particularlyB.positivelyC.potentiallyD.proficiently35.Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;_______, interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.A.inadditionB.incontrastC.inturnD.inshort36.Heavymetalscanimpaircognitivedevelopmentinchildren,whoareespeciallyatriskbecause oftheirsizeand_______toabsorbmoreofthesesubstancesthanadultsdo.A.characterB.resistanceC.temperD.tendency37.Thedoctorsaidhisnewstrategyhadstartedto_______,predictingthatthepatient’scondition wouldimproveinthecomingmonths.A.payoffB.pickupC.showupD.sortout38.Blocked vessels have several_______symptoms:chest pain,shortness of breath,and an abnormalcardiacstresstest.A.classicB.conciseC.originalD.obscure39.Stemcellsare_______cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.A.infertileB.juvenileC.mobileD.versatile40.Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoney isspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug_______.A.adversariesB.candidatesD.volunteersC.manufacturersBDrs:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwords orphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonethatwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginal sentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart,andthenmarktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANWERHEET.41.Hesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyexists inWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchpatients.A.protectionB.provisionC.theoryD.therapy42.Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyof modalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.A.braveryB.expertiseC.proficiencyD.sympathy43.Many problems that we face,such as depression,compulsive and addictive behaviors,and anxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.A.consecutiveB.excessiveC.obsessiveD.possessive44.Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.A.PracticallyB.NaturallyC.SuperficiallyD.Thoroughly45.The eradication of smallpox inspired the world to eradicate other infectious diseases.This optimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.A.callousB.deliberateC.futileD.negligent46.Thecommentsbythefamilymemberinvitedaseriesofresponsesfollowingtheunsuccessful rescueattemptsfortheinjuredintheemergencyroom.A.enquiredB.objectedC.promptedD.suppressed47.Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.A.inhibitsB.loosensC.hastensD.triggers48.This newly established fund has a range of medical programs undertaken by universities, industriallabs,oruniversity-industrycollaborativeprojects.A.cooperativeB.innovativeC.lucrativeD.representative49.Toreducethechanceofsuffocation,pillowsshouldnotbeplacedinthecradleofthekid.A.breathingB.chokingC.sweatingD.swallowing50.The community health nurse often notes the devastating effects on family members as the patient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.A.developsgraduallyB.deterioratessuddenlyC.recoversultimatelyD.recursfrequentlyDirections:Inthispartthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks,foreachofwhichfourchoices markedA,B,C,andDarelistedcorrespondingly.Choosethebestanswer,andthenmarktheletter ofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.Scientists have long known a fairly51.A.as B.by C.for D.to reliable way to extend the life span in lab52.A.WhatB.Whetheranimals:reducetheamountofcaloriestheyeatC.Whateverby10to40percent.D.WhicheverThis strategy,known51caloric53.A.injectionB.invasionrestriction,hasbeenshowntoincreasethelifeC.intake spanofvariousorganismsandreducetheirrateofcancerandotherage-relatedailments.52 D.input itcandothesameinpeoplehasbeenanopen54.A.rankedB.rangedquestion.ButanintriguingnewstudysuggestsC.fluctuatedthat in young and middle-aged adults,D.measuredchronically restricting calorie53can55.A.enhanceaffecttheirhealth.B.entertainC.preserveIn this study,researchers looked at143D.practice healthymenandwomenwho54inage56.A.aswellasfrom21to50.Theywereinstructedto55B.assoonas caloricrestrictionfortwoyears.TheycouldeatC.solongas thefoodstheywanted56theycutbackD.sofarason the total amount of food that they ate toreduce the calories they consumed by2557.A.attestB.affirmpercent.Manydidnot57thatgoal.ButC.assert thegroupsawmanyoftheirmetabolichealthD.achievemarkersimprove58theywerealreadyin58.A.asifthenormalrange.B.sothatC.incaseSome of the benefits in the calorie-D.eventhoughrestricted group59from impressiveweightloss,onaverageabout16poundsduring59.A.tracedB.evolvedthestudyperiod.ButtheextenttowhichtheirC.stemmedmetabolic health got better was greater thanD.stimulated expectedfromweightlossalone,60thatcaloric restriction might have some unique60.A.suggestB.suggests biologicaleffectsondiseasepathways.C.suggestedD.suggestingIVRedingCompehensionDiecions:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreach questiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswer,andthen marktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.ssgeOneGianlucaVialli,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefoot isthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakeparticularly goodcareoftheirfeet.ButresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinAmsterdam suggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsofthe footasotherpeople.Onestudy,called,lookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18 Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthesamplehad,betterknownasathlete’sfoot, while30%had,aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discolored anddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesof infection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection, comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.Furthermore,adultsundertheageof40whotookregularexercisehada40%greaterriskof fungalinfectionthanthosewhodidnot.Leisurecentersandswimmingpoolswereidentifiedaspotential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay munal showers and changingroomsareperfectbreeding—groundsforthehighlyinfectiousfungithatspreadfootand nailinfection:upto1,500fungally-infectedskinfragmentspersquaremetershavebeenfoundinsome leisure facilities.Sweaty socks and warm,damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers.No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible.But Dr.Caputo,a dermatologist,also found anotherfactor:footballersareoftenreluctant,forsuperstitiousreasons,todiscardtheiroldboots. Hefoundthatplayersgetattachedtoparticularboots;iftheyscoreagoalwithone,theywillwear itagainandagain.Theriskofathlete’sfootmaybeasmallpricetopayforagoal.61.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.62.Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto______.A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfectionsB.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearchC.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountriesD.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfections63.Fromthedescriptionof,wearesurethat__________.A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosisB.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfectionsC.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosisD.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosis64.Whichofthefollowingcanbesafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.65.WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.Passage TwoAdecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butin thepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,which allowthemrapid,btestsarenowreleaseddirectlyto patients.Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnology, incentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationto encourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsdirect accesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytofoster patientengagementandimprovepatientsafety.Areportalsdeliveringontheirpromisetoengagepatients?Oraretheseresultstoooftenasource of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because informationisprovidedwithoutadequate-orsometimesany-guidance?Althoughwhatpatientsseeonlineandhowquicklytheyseeitdiffers—sometimesevenwithin thesamehospitalsystem-mostportalscontainlabtests,imagingstudies,pathologyreportsandless frequently,doctors’notes.Itisnotuncommonforatestresulttobepostedbeforethedoctorhasseenit.Katharine Treadway,an internist,knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronicmedicalrecord.Theexperience,shesaid,hasinfluencedthewayshepractices.Morethanadecadeago-longbeforemostpatientshadportals-Treadway,withherhusband’s permission,pulleduptheresultsofhisMRIscanonahospitalcomputerwhilewaitingtoseethe specialisttreatinghissudden,unbearablearmpain.“Itshowedamassivetumorandwidespreadmetastaticdisease,”Treadwayrecalled.Shenever suspectedthather59-year-oldhusbandhadcancer,letaloneahighlyaggressiveandusuallyfatal formofadvancedlymphoma.Treadway,whosehusbandhasbeencancer-freeformorethanadecade,saidsheremembered intentlycheckingthenameanddateofbirth,certainshehadthewrongpatient,thenrebootingthecomputerseveraltimes“likeIwasgoingtogetadifferentanswer.”66.Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseof portals?A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.68.Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.69.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.70.TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto_______.A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessedB.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportalsC.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatientsD.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’informationPassage ThreeInplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcare practitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and(2)“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomerespects, thesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesis abasicproblem.Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’language willdomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.Many traditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueintheinteractions withcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintotrust them.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationto become acquainted with the culture of the growing ethnic populations,and of their diverse subgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionswith immigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandother conditions in the place of origin helps caregivers recognize that the suspiciousness of immigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamily canbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsof grocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdeveloped forimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothave theknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.71.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot_________.A.beawareoftheirownhealthneedsB.bewillingtousetheavailableservicesC.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservicesD.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasic72.Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause_________.A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperienceB.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguageC.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiorityD.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackground73.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.ckofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.74.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandforemost.C.Fearamongfamilymembersshouldberelievedatthebeginningstage.D.Whatisincludedintheprogramsshouldbebothpracticalandpracticable.75.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?A.Howtoestablishanimmigrant-friendlyneighborhood.B.Howtohelpimmigrantsenjoyavailablehealthcareservices.C.Howtomakeanassessmentoftheexistinghealthcareservices.D.Howtoassistcaregiversinunderstandingimmigrants’familyinfluence.Passage FourThis year mark the100th anniversary of the deadliest event in U.S.history:the Spanish influenzaepidemicof1918.Althoughscienceandtechnologyhaveadvancedtremendouslyover thepastcentury,thePandemicperilremains;arecentexerciseattheJohnsHopkinsCenterfor HealthSecurityshowedthatanepidemicofaninfluenza-likeviruscouldkill15millionAmericans inasingleyear.Themedicalcommunity’sresponsetothisdangeris,understandably,focusedonresearchang response—discoveringnewvaccines,therapeutics,anddiagnosticsandfightingongoingepidemics, suchasthecurrentEbolaoutbreakinCongo.Buttheseurgentundertakingsarenotsufficient.Ifthe Worldistotacklemanyfactorsthatraiseourriskofadevastatingpandemic,themedicalcommunity mayhavetoentertheatresofoperationbeyondthelaboratorybenchandthetreatmentunitand publiclyengagewithcontroversialissuesthatsomeobserverswouldconsidernonmedical.Indeed, Ibelievethatonlysucheffortscansaveusfromthesocialtrends,politicalmovements,andpolicy failuresthatarcelevatingourriskofapandemic.Therearethreeaspectsinparticularwherethe medicalcommunity’sinterventionisurgentlyneeded.Firstistherisingtideofisolationismandxenophobia(排外)inmanyhigh-incomenations, particularlytheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountries.Thebeliefthatisolatingourselvesfromthe worldcanpreventthespreadofdiseasesisirrational:wecanbuildnowallhighenoughtokeepout infectiousdiseasesanddiscase-bearingvectors.Thesecondtrendisthegrowingtideofantiscientificthinkingandresistancetoevidence-based medicine.Inlow-incomecountries,skepticismaboutvaccinesisaneverlastingchallenge,butwhat weareseeingintheUnitedStatesandEuropeissomethingverydifferent,andverydangerous.The growing refusal of parents in high-income countries to vaccinate their children is the tip of an icebergthatcouldsinkusallintheeventofanepidemicdemandingrapidvaccinedeploymentand acceptance.Finally,andperhapsmostfundamentally,medicalprofessionalscanstepintothepublicarena totakeonunpleasantandcontentiouspoliticalissuessuchasclimatechangeandisolationism.Many membersofthemedicalcommunityprefertoavoidbecominginvolvedincontroversialissuesthat seemtobeoutsidethescopeofmedicalconcerns,buttheirvoicesareneededtoconfrontsuchissues.76.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhefirstparagraph?A.Warntheworldagainsttheupcominginfluenzapandemic.B.Givecredittotremendousadvancesinscienceandtechnology.C.Remindthereadersofthepotentialdevastatingpandemicperils.D.ReflectontheseverityoftheSpanishinfluenzaepidemicof1918.77.Toaddresstheincreasingriskofpandemics,theauthorsuggeststhatthemedicalcommunity______.A.focusmoreontheurgentundertakingsB.paymoreattentiontoresearchandresponseC.makequickerresponseinfightingongoingepidemicsD.getmoreactivelyengagedwithissuesotherthanmedical78.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatdotheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountriesneedtodotoeventinfectiousdiseasesanddisease-beaingvectos?A.Tobuildhighwails.B.Tomaintainanoenmentality.C.Toisolatethemselvesfomeachothe.D.Toleanfomothehigh-incomenations.79.WhatcanbesaidofthesecondtendmentionedinPaagah4?A.Sketicismaboutvaccinescanbetackledeasily.B.Antiscientificthinkingisnotseiousinlow-incomecounties.C.High-incomecountiesshouldleanfomlow-incomecounties.D.Paentalesistancetovaccinatingtheichildencanbedisastous.80.Whatcanbeinfeedfomthelastaagah?A.Medicalconcensaeascontovesialasnonmedicalissues.B.Medicalofessionalsshouldbemoeconcenedwithmedicalissues.C.Moeandmoemedicalofessionalsaeinvolvedincontovesialissues.D.Themedicalcommunityshouldlayamoeactiveoleincontovesialissues.Passage FiveInmedicalteminology,thewodshistoyandhysicalalmostalwaysaeatogetheinthatode.Asahysician,youdonotengageaatientintheneuologicalexaminationuntilyou’ve gatheedthedetailsofhisohedebilitatingheadaches.Butatonetimeinoumedicalcaees,weaeinstuctedtoefomthemostthooughhysical examinationossiblewithoutleaningsomuchastheatient’sname.Allweaegivenisananatomy tablenumbe,anage,andacauseofdeath.Wewokouwaythoughtheanatomylab—insecting, seaching,andfeelingeveymuscle,bone,andogan-andwewiteouatients’histoiesouselves.Tobetteundestandthelifeofthewomanwhohaddonatedhebodyfomyeducation,I ceatedtheObituay(讣告）WitingPogamatGeogetownUnivesityduingmyfistyeaof medicalschool.Iwokedwithanobituaywite,EmilyLange,todeveloawokshotohel inteestedmedicalstudentseflectonthelivesthattheicosesmayhavelived.Sheinstuctedus ontheatofweavingdisconnectedmemoiesintoasinglestoy.Aseiesofceativewitingomts esultedinonestudent’sstoyofadamaticfootballinjuyoccuinginthemiddleofacometitivematch.Thismomentinhiscose’slifewasimaginedfomainkosthetic(假体的）hibeneath massivelayesofmuscle.Thefistconvesationwithmydono’ssonlastedoveanhoudesitemyinitialfeathatI wouldaskthewongquestionsooffethewongwodsofsymathy.Hismothewasasmall-town famgilfomWisconsin.D.CaolKennedy,GeogetownUnivesitySchoolofMedicine,Classof1972.ShewasadevoutCatholicwhoconsideedbeingahysicianaivilegeandanootunityto seve othes.She wanted to continue to seve even afte he death by donating he body to GeogetownUnivesityinodetoeducatefutuemedicalstudentslikeme.Wehavefinallyutthehistoyinitsightfullacebefoethehysical—studentsnowinteview thefamiliesoftheidonosbefoemakingthefistcutintheanatomylab.Oucosesaeoufistcounteats in the ivileged atient-hysician elationshi,and now we ae able to begin that atneshijustaswehoetodothoughouttheestofoumedicalcaees.81.Thestatementthat“thewodshistoyandhysicalalmostalwaysaeatogetheinthatode”canbebestinterpretedas__________.A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexaminationB.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexaminationC.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexaminationD.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexamination82.WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.83.What can be said of the Obituary Writing Program created by the author at Georgetown University?A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.84.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfrom histalkwithherson?A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.85.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLabB.WritingskillsformedicalStudentsC.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduateD.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReviewPassage SixTheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyof Vaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweakto causeillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccines asahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration hasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmost responsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus (HPV;人乳头瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferent mater.For one thing,it’s much more difficult to determine a person’s chance of developing a。
2022年医学博士英语全国统考听力 答案
2022年医学博士英语全国统考听力答案1、What did you _______ at the meeting yesterday? [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. say(正确答案)D. talk2、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how3、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at4、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges5、How _______ Grace grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. [单选题] *A. cuteB. strongC. fast(正确答案)D. clever6、______ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived at the train station for a tour.（）[单选题] *A. FromB. ToC. InD. On(正确答案)7、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)8、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself9、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few10、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if11、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /12、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for13、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful14、I’m not sure whether we’ll go on ______ foot or by _____ bike? [单选题] *A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /(正确答案)D. the; /15、15．The restaurant ________ many complaints because of the terrible service since last month. [单选题] *A．receivesB．is receivingC．has received(正确答案)D．will receive16、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)17、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)18、36．This kind of bread is terrible. I don't want to eat it ______. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer19、He _______ walks to school, because he lives near school. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. neverC. doesn’tD. don’t20、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *A. beingB. haveC. be(正确答案)D. having21、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from22、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)23、With all the work on hand, he _____ to the cinema last night. [单选题] *A.should goB.must have goneC.might goD..shouldn’t have gone(正确答案)24、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)25、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for（）two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others26、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *A. a little(正确答案)B. littleC. a fewD. few27、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having28、You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____ you won’t pass the course. [单选题] *A. andB. soC. butD. or(正确答案)29、Some people were born with a good sense of direction. [单选题] *A. 听觉B. 方向感(正确答案)C. 辨别力D. 抽象思维30、Where have you _______ these days? [单选题] *A. been(正确答案)B. beC. isD. are。
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力题为医学考博英语统考的一部分，是考生考试中需要重点关注的一项内容。
听力的测试通常涉及医学领域相关的话题，包括病理、生理、药理等方面的内容。
本文将为大家介绍一些关于医学考博英语统考听力的参考内容，帮助考生备考时更好地应对这一部分的测试。
首先，考生需要了解关于医学领域的听力测试会包括哪些方面的内容。
医学领域广泛而且复杂，题目内容可能涉及病理、生理、药理等各个方面。
因此，考生在备考时需要全面了解医学领域的知识点，以更好地理解听力材料中的内容。
对于病理方面的内容，考生需要了解各种疾病的病理生理机制、病理表现、诊断和治疗，以及常见的疾病类型和相关的常用词汇。
例如，在一道听力测试题目中，听到了以下内容：“The disease is caused by a genetic defect and is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting，”考生需要理解这是在描述一种由遗传缺陷引起的疾病，且其特点为肌肉无力和消耗。
在这个例子中，考生需要了解“genetic defect”、“muscle weakness”、“wasting”等词汇的意义，才能正确回答问题。
对于生理方面的内容，考生需要掌握人体的各种生理机能、生理变化以及人体内分泌系统等相关知识点。
例如，在一道听力测试题目中，听到了以下内容：“This hormone plays a key rolein the regulation of glucose metabolism in the body，”考生需要理解该激素在体内调节葡萄糖代谢方面的作用，以便正确回答问题。
对于药理方面的内容，考生需要了解常见的药物种类、药物的作用机制、用药注意事项、药物副作用等相关内容。
例如，在一道听力测试题目中，听到了以下内容：“This drug is used to treat hypertension and works by relaxing the blood vessels，”考生需要知道该药物的主要作用是放松血管，用于治疗高血压病。
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全国医学考博英语统考试题听力题目：全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
听力部分一般包括以下内容：听力理解、听力填空、听力选择、听力排序、听力匹配等。
下面是一些可能出现的试题：
听力理解
1. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. The progress of modern medical technology
B. The causes of cancer and its treatment
C. The importance of healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups
2. Why did the man visit the the hospital?
A. He had a minor injury from a sports activity
B. He needed to get some blood tests done
C. He was experiencing symptoms of a serious illness
听力填空
3. The speaker mentioned that the new drug has shown to reduce the occurrence of ____ by 50%.
4. According to the speaker, the main function of a pacemaker is to ____.
听力选择
5. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for heart disease?
A. Smoking
B. Lack of exercise
C. Vegetarian diet
D. High blood pressure
6. What is the main cause of type 2 diabetes?
A. Genetic factors
B. Excessive sugar intake
C. Lack of insulin production
D. Autoimmune disorders
听力排序
7. Put the following steps for conducting a clinical trial in the correct order:
A. Obtain informed consent from participants
B. Analyze results
C. Recruit participants
D. Randomize participants into experimental and control groups
E. Administer treatment
听力匹配
8. Match the medical terms with their corresponding definitions:
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Hypertension
C. Osteoporosis
D. Asthma
E. Malaria
1) A respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways
2) A condition in which bones become thin and fragile
3) A disease caused by a parasitic infection transmitted through mosquito bites
4) A condition in which the arteries become narrow due to buildup of fatty deposits
5) High blood pressure。