北京科技大学考博英语

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：52

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。

句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。

根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。

故该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。

主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。

句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。

根据句意可知D项正确。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第81期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A membership card（）the holder to use the club’s facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项approve“同意，赞成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。

根据句子关键词membership card（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。

句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.问题1选项A.resignedpromisedC.persistedD.dominated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。

prevail表示“盛行，流行，战胜”；A项resign“辞职，放弃”，B项compromise“妥协，和解”，C项persist“坚持”，D项dominate“占主导地位，支配，控制”。

句意：专家表示，如果冷酷的陪审员获胜，对生病吸烟者的赔偿金额将会减少。

根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

3.单选题The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.问题1选项A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.问题1选项A.imminentB.eminentC.precedentD.prudent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。

根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。

句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。

故该题选择B 项正确。

2.单选题This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.问题1选项A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。

句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第92期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.问题1选项A.in units ofB.with reference toC.in aspects ofD.on condition of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

Intermsof表示“按照”；A项inunitsof“把……作为单位”，B项withreferenceto“关于，等于”，C项inaspectsof“在……方面”，D项onconditionof“在……条件下”。

句意：参观者们对于根据他们内部关系所设置的周边介绍印象深刻。

根据句意可知B项正确。

2.单选题The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.问题1选项A.supportB.restrictC.raiseD.modify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

uphold表示“支撑，支持，鼓励”；A项support“支持”，B项restrict“限制”，C项raise“提高”，D项modify“修改”。

句意：中国政府继续坚持和平共处的原则。

根据句意可知A项正确。

3.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第82期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。

A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。

空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B 项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。

根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。

2.单选题This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town. 问题1选项A.hospitalityB.affectionC.appealD.frustration【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

attachment表示“附件，依恋”；A项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B项affection“喜爱，感情”，C项appeal“呼吁，恳求”，D项frustration“挫折”。

句意：这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。

根据句意可知B项正确。

3.单选题In those days, executive expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for（）to retire at the age of 65.问题1选项A.integrityB.denialC.incompetenceD.deduction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：13

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont, Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.1. According to Alley the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming（）.2. Alley’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by（）.3. The word “upbeat” (in Paragraph 3) probably means（）.4. What does Alley suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?5. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into（）.问题1选项A.can be easedtB.can be endedtC.will become worsetD.will last for decadest问题2选项A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternstB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternstC.humans’ burning of fossil fueltD.increasing levels of carbon dioxidet问题3选项A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet问题4选项A.To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.tB.To start a political, scientific and economic debate.tC.To take action to burn no fossil fuels.tD.To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.t问题5选项A.a region like SiberiatB.a warmer and warmer placetC.a tropical regiontD.a place like North Pole【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to（）the mysterious murder.问题1选项e throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项come through“经历，安然度过”，B项look into“调查，观察”，C项make over“转让，移交”，D项see to“注意，负责”。

根据前面的关键词detective and his assistant （侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。

句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。

故该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。

at times表示“有时，偶尔”；A项on occasion“有时，偶尔”，B项at present“目前，现在”，C项by now“到目前为止”，D项for sure“确实，毫无疑问”。

句意：关于谁将接管公司，不时有一些猜测。

根据句意可知，选择A项正确。

3.单选题Poverty and i nadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第63期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。

initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。

句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。

根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题Ships passing on the high seas exchanged salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. 问题1选项rmation tB.ceremonies tC.greetings tD.privileges 【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

salute表示“敬礼，致敬”；A项information“信息”，B项ceremony“仪式，典礼”，C项greeting“招呼，问候”，D项privilege“特权”。

句意：在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。

根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。

in due course表示“在适当的时候，及时”；A项at proper time“在适当的时候”，B项of course“当然”，C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D项sooner or later“迟早，早晚”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷1

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously（） relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。

根据句子关键词disagreement over trade restrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。

句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题The belief that it’s healthy to let off steam no longer（）for we are working under heavy pressure.问题1选项A.holdsB.carriesC.takesD.stands【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项hold“拥有，持有”，B项carry“拿，携带”，C项take“行得通，花费”，D项stand“站立，位于”。

根据句子可知，空格部分是和名词belief（信念）构成主谓，把四个选项分别代入，只有take符合。

句意：因为我们在巨大的压力下工作，所以不再相信释放压力是有益健康的。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题John has such（）power that his friends always behave in the way that he wants them to. 问题1选项A.convincingB.feasibleC.operationalD.manipulative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第33期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。

句意：我会告诉汤姆他是收养的孩子，但我会在适当的时候告诉他。

根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题The official said the developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth.问题1选项A.affectB.help to developC.upsetD.acquire【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

foster表示“促进，抚育”；A项affect“影响”，B项help to develop“帮助发展”，C项upset“使心烦，颠覆”，D项acquire“获得”。

句意：这位官员表示，发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长。

根据句意可知，foster在句中表示“促进发展”；该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would（）her to a high risk.问题1选项A.exposeB.leadC.contributeD.send【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

北京科技大学考博英语真题及其解析

北京科技大学考博英语真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) As former colonists of Great Britain,the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain.We have a“common law”,or law made by courts1a monarch or other central governmental2like a legislature.The jury,a3of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case,is an4part of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a5feature of the American legal system.Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.6the centuries,many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result7would be obtained using a judge8,as many countries do.9a jury decides cases after “10”，or discussions among a group of people,the jury’s decision is likely to have the11from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Juries are used in both civil cases,which decide12among13 citizens,and criminal cases,which decide cases brought by the government14that individuals have committed crimes.Juries areselected from the U.S.citizens and15.Jurors,consisting of16 numbers,are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge17to the case18the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case.In some states,19jurors are questioned by the judge;in others,they are questioned by the lawyers representing the20under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]more than[D]or rather2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D]diminishing6.[A]In[B]By[C]After[D]Over7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D]speculations11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying15.[A]summoned[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]assembled16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]unitsSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text OneIt’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel,the less unhappiness you experience.It’s plain common sense,but it’s not true.Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion.They are two distinct feelings that,coexisting,rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness,the lower their level of happiness and vice versa.But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness,they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life.It suggests,for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable,but probably won’t make you any happier.Thatadvice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families.On the other hand,researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage.The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being.They have also begun to find out who’s happy,who isn’t and why.To date,the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life,but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment?When we are happy,we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad.This doesn’t mean,however,that some people are born to be sad and that’s that.Genes may predispose one to unhappiness,but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.21.According to the text,it is true that[A]unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B]happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C]unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D]happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.22.The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A]maintaining it at an average level.[B]escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C]pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D]realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.23.The phrase“To date”(Para.4)can be best replaced by[A]As a result.[B]In addition.[C]At present.[D]Until now.24.What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A]One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B]They are independent but existing concurrently[C]One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D]They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.25.The sentence“That’s that”(Para.5)probably means:Some people are born to be sad[A]and the situation cannot be altered.[B]and happiness remains inaccessible.[C]but they don’t think much about it.[D]but they remain unconscious of it.Text TwoWhat are the characteristics of a mediator?Foremost,the mediator needs to be seen as a respected neutral,objective thirdparty who is capable of weighing out fairness in the resolution of a conflict.The mediator must be trusted by both parties to come up with a solution that will protect them from shame.While the central issue is justice,the outcome needs to be win-win,no losers.The abilities to listen impartially,suspend judgment,and accurately gather and assess information are other important characteristics. Finally,to function effectively the mediator must have power (financial,status,position),so that both parties will take seriously and abide by the mediator’s judgment.If one party refused to cooperate,he or she should fear the possibility of being shamed and losing face before the mediator and the whole community.If that real possibility does not enter the minds of both parties,the mediator will be ineffective.In several countries mediators are still used to find a bride for a ually this is a job for the parents,and they in turn employ the services of a mediator.Because this event takes much planning, the parents will try to identify the mediator well in advance.Since these services sometimes require reward,money must be saved.Or in some cases parents try to do a number of favors for the mediator so that he or she will feel indebtedness and perform the service as a kind of repayment.The parents will try to get the most influential mediator possible, to boost their chances of being approved by the potential bride’s parents.The young woman’s parents will not want to risk shame byturning down a request from such an important person—so the reasoning goes.Of course,the higher-ranked the mediator,the higher the cost of the services.Complicating the process is the fact that turning down the mediator is also a slight of the potential groom and his parents,which will likely generate conflict between the families.If the parties are not careful,the entire community can take sides.One way to alleviate this eventuality is for the young woman’s family to identify a flaw that would make her a less desirable prospect.They might say,“She is sickly.”or“She may not be able to bear children.”Although none of these statements may be true,and probably everyone knows they aren’t,they do provide a way for the young man’s parents to withdraw their request for a perfectly legitimate reason.Everyone saves face,at least at the surface,and peace is preserved.26.The characteristics of a mediator include all of the following except[A]unbiased judgment of arguments.[B]hard prudence in decision-making.[C]impartial treatment to a conflict.[D]remarkable insight into controversies.27.The author deems it important for a mediator[A]to be quite wealthy and considerate.[B]to be powerful to shame either party.[C]to justify the solution of a conflict.[D]to have high status to fear arguers.28.In some courtiers,young people’s marriage[A]is independent of their parents’will.[B]needs careful valuation in advance.[C]costs a small fortune of their family.[D]is usually facilitated by a mediator.29.The request of the groom’s parents may be turned down unless[A]they manage to hire a qualified mediator.[B]they make their best choice at all risks.[C]the young woman’s parents want to lose face.D]the bride’s parents dare to offend the mediator.30.It may be the best way to resolve a conflict for[A]the entire community to offer support.[B]a mediator to be identified by both sides.[C]the outcome of mediation to be acceptable.[D]a valid excuse to spare both sides’blushes.Text ThreeThe Internet,like its network predecessors,has turned out to be far more social than television,and in this respect,the impact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonal communication is the dominant use of the Internet at home.That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal communication,however,does not imply thattheir social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships,or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects comparable to traditional social activity.Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain.Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact,deep feelings of affection and obligation,whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds,infrequent contact,and narrow focus.Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties including weak online ties,are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in people’s closest,local groups.Nonetheless,strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead to better social and psychological outcomes.People receive most of their social support from people with whom they are in most frequent contact,and bigger favors come from those with stronger ties.Generally,strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity.The Internet potentially reduces the importance of physical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties.Unlike face-to-face interaction or even the telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do notdepend on the distance between parties.People often use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop new relationships on-line.Most of these new relationships are weak.MUDs,newsgroups,and chat rooms put people in contact with a pool of new groups,but these on-line“mixers”are typically organized around specific topics,or activities,and rarely revolve around local community and close family and friends.Whether a typical relationship developed on-line becomes as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whether having on-line relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions.Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse.Many authors have debated whether the Internet will promote community or undercut it.Much of this discussion has been speculative and anecdotal,or is based on cross-sectional data with small samples.31.The text is mainly about[A]the dominance of interpersonal communication.[B]strong and weak personal ties over the Internet.[C]the difference between old and modern relationships.[D]an empirical research on the Internet and its impact.32.It is implied in the text that[A]the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones.[B]television is inferior to telephone in social effect.[C]strong links are far more valid than weak ones.[D]the Internet features every home and community.33.The word“buffer”(Para.2)can probably be replaced by[A]deviate.[B]alleviate.[C]shield.[D]distract.34.According to the author,the Internet can[A]eliminate the hindrance of the distance.[B]weaken the intimate feelings among people.[C]provide people with close physical contacts.[D]enhance our ability to remove social stresses.35.From the text we can infer that[A]the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant.[B]the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough.[C]some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet.[D]random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet.Text FourLeadership is hardly a new area of research,of course.For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made,whether a person who lacks charisma(capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm)can become a leader,and what makes leaders fail.Warren G.Bennis,possibly the possibly the world’s foremost expert on leading,has,together with his co-author,written two best-sellerson the topic.Generally,researchers have found that you can’t explain leadership by way of intelligence,birth order,family wealth or stability,level of education,race,or sex.From one leader to the next,there’s enormous variance in every one of those factors.The authors’research led to a new and telling discovery:that every leader,regardless of age,had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience—what the authors call a“crucible”(severe test).These events can either make you or break you.For emerging leaders,they do more making than breaking,providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.If a crucible helps a person to become leader,there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one,according to the authors.They are:an“adaptive capacity”that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks,heartbreaks,and difficulties but also learn from them;an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a common vision;a distinctive and compelling voice that communicates one’s conviction and desire to do the right thing;and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.That sounds obvious enough to be commonplace,until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums(formal statements of opinion)are.The authors believe that former Coca-Cola Co.Chairman M.Douglas Ivester lasted just28months because“his grasp of context was sorrowful.”Among other things,Ivesterdegraded Coke’s highest-ranking African-American even as the company was losing a$200million class action brought by black employees.Procter&Gamble Co.ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to communicate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.It’s striking,too,that the authors found their geezers(whose formative period,as the authors define them,was1945to1954,and who were shaped by World War II)sharing what they believed to be a critical trait—the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood.“Unlike those defeated by time and age,our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between1991and2000,and grew up“virtual,visual, and digital”)—open,willing to take risks,hungry for knowledge and experience,courageous,and eager to see what the new day brings”, the authors write.36.The text indicates that leadership research[A]has been a controversial study for years.[B]predicts how a leader comes to be.[C]defines the likelihood to be a leader.[D]probes the mysteries of leadership.37.According to Bennis,the trait shared by leaders consists of[A]top levels of intelligence and education and devotion.[B]remarkable ability to encourage people with loyalty and hope.[C]striking qualities of going through serious trials andsufferings.[D]strong personalities that arouse admiration and confidence.38.The favorable effect of a crucible depends on whether a leader[A]proves himself/herself to be a newly emergent one.[B]accepts it as a useful experience for progress.[C]shrinks back from tiring and trying experiences.[D]draws important lessons for his/her followers.39.A leader can hardly maintain his/her position unless he/she[A]fulfils all necessary quality requirements.[B]helps people to prevent defeats and sorrows.[C]fails to attract people with common concerns.[D]lacks appealing and strength of character.40.The authors’dictums can be justified by the fact that[A]Douglas Ivester defeated a highest-ranking black employee in a suit.[B]Durk Jager was dismissed owing to his poor communicating ability.[C]Geezers couldn’t erase the brands stamped in childhood.[D]Geeks are sensible enough to meet dangers and challenges.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]Physical Changes[B]Low Self-Esteem[C]Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D]Emotional Turbulence[E]Interest in the Opposite Sex[F]Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult.Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of9and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them.Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs.The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41)__________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them,that they’re not as good as other people,that they are failures, losers,ugly or unintelligent.(42)__________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great,it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed.In other cases,teens may act the opposite—loudand angry—in an effort to compensate for feelings ofself-consciousness and inferiority.As alarming as these bodily changes can be,adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their te maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43)__________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence.Fears become more frightening,pleasures become more exciting,irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable.Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence.Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often,the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior.Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help.They include repeated school absences,slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances,hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.(44)__________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers.This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles;it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45)__________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents.This tension is a normal part of growing up—and for parents,a normal part of the letting-go process.Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs.This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs.Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents,discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents,awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life:when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people,when and how to give tips,how to makepurchases,when to accept and when to refuse invitations,when to take statements seriously and when not.46)These cues,which may be words, gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.47)All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.48)No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be,a series of props(支柱)have been knocked from under you,followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”49)When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people,you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them.Although not common,there are individuals who cannotlive in foreign countries.Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new.They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances.50)If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places,will be pampered and petted,and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress,goodwill,and international friendship.If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1)describe the drawing,2)deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing,and3)suggest counter-measures.You should write about160—200words neatly ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)答案详解：Section I答案及解析答案详解1.【解析】[B]逻辑衔接题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：51

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The meeting was（）over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.问题1选项A.presumedB.propelledC.presidedD.pricked【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项presume“相信，擅自行为”，B项propel“推进，驱使”，C项preside“主持”，D项prick“戳，扎破”。

根据空格前后的关键词meeting（会议）和mayor（市长）可知，空格部分应该表示“主持会议”。

句意：会议由市长主持，讨论该市的增税问题。

故该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题It was（）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed 【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。

根据后面的句子the restaurant discriminated against black customers（这家餐馆歧视黑人顾客），结合前面的it be…that句型，空格部分应该表示“据说，据宣称”。

句意：据说那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。

故该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from（）as possible.问题1选项A.humidityB.humanityC.harmonyD.honesty【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第28期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.问题1选项A.turn toB.add toC.keep toD.lead to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。

Stick to表示“坚持”；A项turn to“转向，变成”，B项add to“加入，加到”，C项keep to“坚持，遵守”，D项lead to“导致”。

句意：一个高级官员如果能坚持自己的原则，就很可能赢得尊重和信任。

根据句意可知C项正确。

2.单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure as a result of which refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing employees are being（）.问题1选项id outid offid downid aside【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项lay out“展示，安排”，B项lay off“解雇，休息”，C项lay down“放下，制定”，D项lay aside“搁置，储蓄”。

根据句子关键词workers（工人）和employees（雇员）可猜测，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四个选项中只有B项符合。

句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：79

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Strangely enough, an old man（）me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father’s.问题1选项A.stood up toB.walked up toC.lived up toD.added up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项stand up to“经得起，抵抗”，B项walk up to“走近，走向”，C项live up to“不辜负，做到”，D项add up to“合计达，总共达”；根据空格前后关键词an old man（老人）和introduce himself（介绍他自己）可推断，空格部分表示“向我走进”。

句意：奇怪的是，一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍，原来是我父亲的朋友。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.问题1选项A.subjectivelyB.imaginablyC.positivelyD.practically【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。

Virtually表示“事实上，几乎”；A项subjectively“主观地，臆想地”，B 项imaginably“可想象地”，C项positively“积极地”，D项practically“实际上，几乎”。

句意：因为公交车司机要求涨薪的大罢工，这座城市陷入瘫痪。

根据句意可知D项正确。

3.单选题An allergy results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.问题1选项A.negatively tB.spontaneously tC.purposefully tD.immediately【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：30

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。

at times表示“有时，偶尔”；A项on occasion“有时，偶尔”，B项at present“目前，现在”，C项by now“到目前为止”，D项for sure“确实，毫无疑问”。

句意：关于谁将接管公司，不时有一些猜测。

根据句意可知，选择A项正确。

2.单选题Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide. 问题1选项A.announcedB.forgivenC.condemnedD.despised 【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。

句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。

根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously（）relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：63

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record or performance is surpassed.问题1选项A.exceeded tB.matched tC.maintained tD.announced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

surpass表示“超越，胜过”；A项exceed“超过”，B项match“相配，比得上”，C项maintain“维持，主张”，D项announce“宣布”。

句意：在奥运会上，当以前的记录或成绩被超越时，总是令人激动不已。

根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.问题1选项A.without any objectionsB.in the ultimateC.in the backgroundtD.against heavy odds【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。

unanimously表示“全体一致地”；A项without any objections“没有任何异议”，B项in the ultimate“终于”，C项in the background“在后面，在幕后”，D项against heavy odds“敌众我寡”。

句意：由于一些参议员的大力游说，这项法案获得一致通过。

根据句意可知，“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”，故该题选择A项正确。

北京科技大学考博英语真题摘录.

北京科技大学考博英语真题摘录Section I Part C(共三节,满分10分Directions:You will hear threepieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one,you willhave time to read the questions related to it.While listening,answereach question by choosing A,B,C or D.After listening,you will havetime to check your answers.You will hear each piece once only.(10pointsQuestions11-13are based on the following talk about namingnewborns.You now have15seconds to read questions11-13.11、What do we often do with the things we love?A.Ask for their names. babies after them.C.Put down their names.D.Choose names for them.12、The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is oftenoverlooked if(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537A.the family tree is fairly limited.B.the family tie is strong enough.C.the name is commonly used.D.nobody in the family complains.13、Several months after a baby’s birth,its name willA.show the beauty of its own.B.develop more associations.C.lose the original meaning.D.help form the baby’s personality.Questions14-16are based on the biography of Bobby Moore,an English soccer player.You now have15seconds to read Questions 14-16.14.How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?A.90.B.108.C.180.D.668.15、In1964,Bobby Moore was madeA.England’s footballer of the year.B.a soccer coach in West Germany.C.a medalist for his sportsmanship.D.a number of the Order of the British Empire.16、After Moore retired from playing,the first thing he did wasA.editing Sunday Sport.B.working for Capital Radio.C.managing professional soccer teams.D.developing a sports marketing company.Questions17-20are based on the on the city of Belfast.You now have20seconds to read Questions17-20.17.Belfast has long been famous for itsA.oil refinery.B.linen textiles.C.food products.D.deepwater port.18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?A.Soap.B.Grain.C.Steel.D.Tobacco.19、When was Belfast founded?A.In1177.B.In1315.C.In the16th century.D.In the17th century.20、What happened in Belfast in the late18th century?A.French refugees arrived.B.The harbor was destroyed.C.Shipbuilding began to flourish.D.The city was taken by the English. 本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷18

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town. 问题1选项A.hospitalityB.affectionC.appealD.frustration【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

attachment表示“附件，依恋”；A项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B项affection“喜爱，感情”，C项appeal“呼吁，恳求”，D项frustration“挫折”。

句意：这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。

根据句意可知B项正确。

2.单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very（）.问题1选项A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”，B项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”，C项dubious“可疑的，暧昧的”，D项intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。

根据句子前半句的句意“很少有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知，A项符合句意。

句意：很少有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为它的主题非常晦涩。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。

北京科技大学考博英语最新题型

2021 Ph. D Entrance Examination in English[Date: (month/ Date/ Year)](Note: 注意：务必将考试答案写在答题册中，写在试卷上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary ( 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined, Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Section BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Part II. Cloze Test (10 points )Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points )Section A (30 points, 1.5 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Passage 2Passage 3Passage 4Section B (10 points, 2 points each)Passage 5Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts. (“Paraphrase〞means to explain the meaning in your own English.)Part IV Translation (20 points)Section ADirections: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:Section BDirections: Translate the following paragraph into English:Part V Writing (20 points)Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the topic “。