商务英语复习资料

合集下载

剑桥商务英语复习材料

剑桥商务英语复习材料
1.《剑桥商务英语高级口语》：这本书是针对剑桥商务英语高级口语考试的复习指南。

里面包含了大量的口语练习题和模拟对话，帮助你提高在商务场景下的口语表达能力。

2.《剑桥商务英语高级写作》：这本书主要针对剑桥商务英语高级写作考试。

它提供了大量的写作练习题和范文，并提供了写作技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语写作水平。

3.《剑桥商务英语高级听力》：这本书集中训练剑桥商务英语高级听力能力。

它包含了大量的听力练习题和听力材料，并提供了听力技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语听力水平。

4.《剑桥商务英语高级阅读》：这本书是剑桥商务英语高级阅读考试的复习指南。

它提供了大量的阅读练习题和阅读材料，并提供了阅读技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语阅读水平。

5.《剑桥商务英语高级词汇与语法》：这本书针对剑桥商务英语高级词汇和语法进行复习。

它提供了词汇和语法的练习题，并提供了详细的解释和答案解析，帮助你巩固商务英语的词汇和语法知识。

此外，你还可以通过参加剑桥商务英语模拟考试或参加商务英语培训班来进行系统的复习和练习，提高自己的商务英语能力。

商务英语复习资料,希望对大家有所帮助

词
Contrast but however although despite in spite of yet still
1. Not only the students like the book but also the teachers enjoy reading it. 2. She not only knows his name but she knows everything about his past as well. 3. It is easy for you to repair the watch, yet you kept it for a month. Why? 4.The book is not thick, and yet it is hard to read.
Within 在一明确的范围之内，比in更正式
Within the walls of the house lies a secret.
Over 垂直高于 He hang the picture over the fireplace.
Above 高于 They looked up at the tree tops above them. Under 垂直低于 Go under the stairs if you are afraid of the bomb.
During the summer, I learned to swim.
prepositions
1. The company was registered 2. We last met at on 16 May, 1968. the Milan Trade Fair. Easter in the winter. 3. I hope to see you at 5. Imports rose by 3% in

商务职场英语复习资料

商务职场英语复习资料一、术语：Intellectual property rights 知识产权Electronically tagged 电子标签Global merchandise trade 全球商品贸易balance sheet 资产负债表Fixed asset 固定资产current assets 流动资产Forged currency 伪造货币spirality costs 螺旋式上升费用Financial expenditure 财政支出expense accounts 报销单Stock market 股票市场diversified portfolio 多元化投资组合[Put through the wringer 经历痛苦blue market 露天市场Ambush marketing 埋伏式营销guerrilla marketing 游击式营销Blitz marketing 闪电式营销viral marketing 病毒式营销Contract length 合同长度promotion prospects 提升机会Baby bond 小额贷款bear market 空头市场Bull market 牛市dead cat bounce 回光返照二、完形填空：1：'In (1)traditional economic theory, the term human resources referred simply to labor, one of the three factors of production. Nowadays, human resources (HR) is the people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with its financial and (2)material resources. Human resources is also the organizational function dealing with people and issues related to people such as: hiring and (3)firing , compensation, training, performance, organizational development, health and safety, benefits, motivation, communication, etc. HR (4)managers are obliged and expected to carry out these activities in an effective, legal, fair, and consistent (5)fashion . The objective of human resources is to (6)maximize the return on investment from an organization’s human capital. HR management aims to improve individuals’productive contribution to an organization while simultaneously trying to achieve other societal and individual (7)objectives. Sometimes in large companies there is not a lot of direct (8)contact between top management and the majority of employees. The HR department plays a crucial liaison role between a company and it’s most precious (9)asset—its employees. Today, human resources is a vital part of a company. A company that does not attend to its human resources issues will not (10 prosper .2:(1)Advocates of capitalism consider economic freedom to be a basic (2)human liberty. However, (3)critics of the market system claim that it does not provide an equally high standard of (4)living for everyone. This is undeniably true. Under capitalism, there are (5)inequalities of wealth, though much less so than under other (6)system. To a large degree, success in a free market depends on individual (7)effort and ability, qualities that are distributed unevenly among human beings. The onlyway to achieve the goal of complete equality of wealth is by the use of some sort of (8)government force. The market economy has no (9)mechanisms of coercion available to it and it does not guarantee equal wealth for all. It tries to maintain liberty and (10)equality under law for all participants.3:Demand for a product is affected by a range of variables. Two key variables are the (1)price price of the product, and consumers’(2) income. According to (3) economic theory, there is normally an (4) inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded of that product. As price (5) falls , the quantity demanded increases. There is also normally a (6)direct relationship between consumers’income and the quantity demanded at any given price; i.e. as consumers’income increases, demand (7) increase. The (8)demand for some products is very responsive to changes in price or in consumers’income. A certain (9)percentage change in price or income leads to a greater percentage change in the quantity demanded. (10)economists describe such products as having (11) elastic demand. The demand for some other products is much less responsive to changes in price or income. These products are said to have (12) inelastic demand.三、句子连接：1.If you want to take advantage of this offer, call right away!2.If you want people to remember your company, give it a catchy name.\3. If this plan can help to reduce our phone bills, then, yes, we’re interested.4. If you want to succeed in this career, you have to work really hard.5. If we make our calls at off-peak times, they cost less.6. If you use your credit card responsibly, you don’t run up a big debt.7. If you give people good service,they come back again.1. Brand names help customers identify the manufacturer of a product.2. A brand name ensures that we can distinguish one product from others./3. Brand names that are familiar to us can make us feel comfortable.4. The earliest types of brands helped to identify the maker of a product.5. Some of the best-known brands have become status symbols.1.pirated good often closely resemble the originals and so it is difficult to identify the fakes.2.Brand-name goods are fashionable but very expensive and consequently,these goods are copied and sold at a cheaper price.3.Since pirated goods are often much cheaper than the originals,consumers savemoney by buying the fake goods.4.Because famous brand-name goods are symbols of luxury and status,those are the ones that are most frequently copied.5.>6.Since for many women the handbag is an important accessory,there is a huge demand for affordable fake handbags.panies sometimes dump unassembled product components and this result in components being combined with inferior parts and sold as genuine articles.8.Due to the fact that many officials are not qualified to deal with counterfeiters,representatives from brands are called in when a fake is suspected.1. A counterfeit is an imitation made deliberately to falsely represent its content or its origins.2. Apart from forged currency or documents, counterfeits can also be clothes, software, pharmaceuticals, etc.3. In the USA, the FBI estimates that American companies lose up to $250 billion a year due to counterfeit goods.4. According to the European Commission, counterfeit goods cause 100,000 job losses in Europe each year.;5. Expensive or desirable brands have become popular among counterfeiters.6. The popularity of designer jeans such as Jordache in the late 1970s produced a flood of illegal copies.1. Inflation can be defined as a substantial and continuing overall increase in the general level of prices.2. One factor that can result in inflation is an increase in government taxes and fees.3. Average inflation in the USA has been steady at about 3% a year for the last thirty years.4. When interest rates go up and the cost of borrowing increases, the cost of runninga business increases and inflation can result.[5. Most people are able to cope with the average inflation rate of 3% as they get an annual increase in wages.1. P&H recovered slightly last year but then suffered a loss of $6 million.2. Omega’s acquisition of Eastern Energy boosted gas production.3. The market’s volatile behavior recently put shareholders through the wringer.4. Frood’s strong sales in all areas helped them turn in solid Q1 figures.5. The company offered free delivery and this created very high postal costs.）1. Financial institutions are companies that deal in money or money equivalents, such as stocks and bonds.2. The financial institution that most people know best is the commercial bank.3. A bank is an establishment in which individuals, businesses, government agencies, and even other banks deposit money.4. From these deposits the bank makes loans to individuals, businesses, government agencies, and other banks.5. The interest earned on these loans is a chief source of income for the bank.6. Deposits represent the largest source of commercial bank income—usually more than 80 percent.7. Checking accounts are the means by which most people and institutions pay their bills.:1. Corporate fraud is an undeniable fact of business life affecting businesses large and small.2. New technologies such as the Internet have increased the opportunities for fraud to be committed.3. Once suspected or discovered, investigating fraud is a specialist task requiring experience and technical skill.4. There is no doubt that fraud is best prevented,rather than dealt with after the fact.5. There is no completely foolproof method of preventing fraud,although there are a range of effective fraud prevention techniques.6. Special techniques are used to pro-actively test for fraud profiles.7. Other techniques are used to further investigate so that fraud incidents are satisfactorily resolved.四、作文1、求职信2、简历3、备忘录4、E-mail5、申请助学金6、投诉信7、恢复投诉信8、给家人或亲人写一封邮件。

商务英语复习内容

Chapter 8True or FalseT 1. An organization chart shows the interaction among employee responsibilities.F 2. An organizational structure identifies the responsibilities of each job position and the relationshipsamong those positions.F 3. A company’s board of directors normally takesan active role in managing the firm’s day-to-day activities.T 4. Inside board members are more likely than outside members to support changes that will benefit thefirm’s stockholders, especially if the firm’s top managers do not support the changes.T 5. An organizational structure that is designed to haveeach manager supervise just a few employees has anarrow span of control.F 6. In recent years, most firms have attempted tocentralize authority in the hands of a few keyexecutives.F 7. Firms will have either a formal organizational structureor an informal organizational structure, but cannever have both types of organizational structuresat the same time.T 8. An advantage of a firm’s informal organizational structure is that it encourages the formation of friendships, which can improve morale and jobsatisfaction.F 9. Organizing a firm by both product and function isnot effective for companies that operate in only one location.T 10. When a firm is departmentalized by location, its expenses involved in each location can be more easilyestimated.F 11. Most firms departmentalize their foreign operationsby function.Chapter9True or FalseT 1. A work station is an area in which one or more employeesis assigned a specific task.T 2. Design and layout decisions will have an impact onoperating expenses.F 3. A fixed-position layout is commonly used forassembly-line production.F 4. Hotelling represents the sequence of tasks necessaryto complete the production of a product.F 5. A firm uses outsourcing so that it can hire additional employees.F 6. The term “just-in-time”refers to a schedule that illustrates the expected timing for each task within aproject.T 7. Inventories of partially completed products arecalled work-in-process.F 8. The critical path is the path that takes the shortesttime to complete on a PERT diagram.T 9. Quality control can be measured by assessing thevarious characteristics that enhance customersatisfaction.T 10. Downsizing has enabled firms to reduce theamount of salary expense required.Chapter11True or FalseF 1. Job analysis represents the forecasting of a firm’s employee needs.T 2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting.T 3. Firms tend to avoid hiring new full-time workers tomeet temporary needs for higher production levels.T 4. A job specification states the credentials necessaryto qualify for the position.T 5. Federal laws make it illegal to discriminate onthe basis of factors not related to potential jobperformance.F 6. Employee benefits such as health insurance anddental insurance are taxed.F 7. Firms should offer the same compensation packageto their workers in foreign countries that they offerto employees in their home country.T 8. The overall performance evaluation of most employeesis based on multiple criteria.T 9. Employees perceive performance evaluation as a method for allocating wage increases.F 10. Each of the performance criteria must be weighted equally to avoid unbalancing the performanceappraisal.Chapter12Multiple ChoiceD 11. A Rolex watch and a Jaguar automobile are considered:a) convenience products.b) shopping goods.c) industrial products.d) specialty products.e) priority products.D 12. When a hospital supply company offers a wide variety of products to its customers, the firm is:a) offering quantity price discounts in order to attract price-conscious customers.b) encouraging customers to pay their outstandingdebts in order to take advantage of discounts.c) practicing product differentiation.d) diversifying its product mix.e) responding to the needs of a diverse labor force.B 13. All of the following are key factors that influence consumer preferences and the size of a target market except:a) social values.b) anthropology.c) economic factors.d) geography.e) demographics.C 14. Cameras, clothes, and household items are examples of products that exist in:a) industrial markets.b) business markets.c) consumer markets.d) government markets.e) foreign industrial markets.B 15. The size of a particular target market is most likelyto change in response to a change in:a) inflation.b) consumer preferences.c) interest rates.d) the number of competitors.e) the size of the largest competitor.B 16. When firms develop products, they assess the markets of their competitors to determine their:a) financial plans.b) marketing strategies.c) industrial strategies.d) geographic segmentation.e) business segmentation.E 17. Personal computers are subject to _____ because ofthe rapid changes in the development of computer hardware components.a) product feasibilityb) penetration pricingc) planned obsolescenced) the development of generic brandse) technological obsolescenceE 18. E-marketing supports marketing research in all the following ways except:a) low cost of personal surveys.b) speed of receiving marketing information.c) customer openness with opinions.d) access to customers of varied income levels.e) face-to-face interviews.A 19. To develop new ideas for expanding their product line, many firms have recently increased theirinvestment in:a) research and development.b) production facilities.c) distribution facilities.d) overseas production and assembly operations.e) inventory control.B 20. Which of the following can be used by a firm toprotect its investments in research and product development?a) marketing researchb) patentsc) demographicsd) target market selectione) product mixB 21. The first step in creating a new product is to:a) assess the feasibility of the product.b) develop a product idea.c) design the product.d) test the product.e) distribute and promote the product.E 22. New and revised products may be tested through:a) commercialization.b) geographic sales.c) product life cycle.d) family brands.e) marketing research.C 23. All of the following are methods commonly usedto differentiate products from those of competitors except:a) quality.b) design.c) tax policies.d) packaging.e) branding.A 24. The Coca-Cola Company sells Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, and other soft drinks, which is anexample of a(n):a) family brand.b) individual brand.c) corporate brand.d) trademark.e) copyright.A 25. Many _____ strategies are focused on convenience.a) packagingb) economicc) partnershipd) obsolescencee) financeE 26. Products that are not branded by the producer or retail store are called:a) manufacturer brands.b) national brands.c) store brands.d) obsolete brands.e) generic brands.B 27. All of the following are benefits of product branding except:a) greater company name recognition.b) lower prices.c) easier to introduce new products.d) easier to enter new geographic markets.e) easier to obtain retail store shelf space.C 28. The process of combining two noncompetingproducts at a discounted price is called:a) complementary advertising.b) multiple discounts.c) co-branding.d) sales promotion double.e) quantity pricing.D 29. Sales of the product increase rapidly during the_____ phase of the product life cycle.a) maturityb) introductionc) saturationd) growthe) decliningD 30. Which of the following pricing strategies wouldlikely be used in a market where no other competitive products are available?a) cost-based pricingb) penetration pricingc) predatory pricingd) price skimminge) defensive pricingA 31. Managers typically attempt to set a price that will maximize a firm’s:a) value.b) cost.c) production.d) advertising.e) promotion.D 32. When a firm lowers its price and total revenue increases, it tells us that:a) the demand for the product is price-inelastic.b) a penetration pricing strategy is being followed.c) consumers are not very responsive to pricechanges.d) the demand for the product is price-elastic.e) the firm is using a price-skimming strategy.E 33. Some pricing decisions are directly related to thesupply of:a) social values.b) social norms.c) maintenance operations.d) creditors in the marketplace.e) inventory.B 34. Which of the following pricing strategies adds a profit markup to the per-unit cost of production?a) prestige pricingb) cost-based pricingc) defensive pricingd) profit pricinge) penetration pricingC 35. When a cost of production remains unchanged regardless of how many units are produced, it is referred to as:a) variable.b) semifinished.c) fixed.d) in process.e) terminal.A 36. (Fixed Cost) _(Quantity _Variable Cost per Unit) describes:a) Total Cost.b) Total Revenue.c) Break-Even Point.d) Profits.e) Average Cost Per Unit.C 37. The break-even point occurs when:a) profits are maximized.b) sales are at a minimum.c) total revenue equals total cost.d) contribution margin is highest.e) sales discounts are minimized.D 38. Discounts:a) are considered predatory pricing.b) work best in price-inelastic situations.c) tend to erode profits.d) attract consumers who are price conscious.e) are an inefficient means of segmenting the market.Chapter13Multiple ChoiceD 11. The manner by which a firm’s products are made accessible to its customers is determined by its:a) advertising strategies.b) product decisions.c) pricing strategies.d) distribution decisions.e) package designs.C 12. A distribution channel represents the path of a product from producer to:a) retailer.b) wholesaler.c) consumer.d) manufacturer.e) industrial distributor.A 13. With a direct channel of distribution, the full difference between the manufacturer’s cost and theprice paid by the consumer goes to the:a) manufacturer.b) wholesaler.c) retailer.d) intermediary.e) merchant.B 14. Wholesalers are marketing intermediaries who purchase products from manufacturers and sellthem to:a) final users.b) retailers.c) other manufacturers.d) primary customers.e) secondary customers.B 15. Marketing intermediaries that match buyers and sellers of products without becoming the ownersof the products themselves are known as:a) single-service marketers.b) agents.c) commission-based wholesalers.d) stockers.e) mediators.C 16. Products that are standardized and easily transported are likely to:a) be sold at a high markup.b) have limited market areas.c) use intermediaries in their distribution channels.d) be sold at steep discounts.e) use a direct channel of distribution.C 17. _____ refers to the degree of product distributionamong outlets.a) The marketing mixb) Demographic distributionc) Market coveraged) Channelizatione) The retail ratioD 18. Firms that fill orders over the Internet tend to use a(n) _____ channel of distribution.a) one-levelb) unidirectionalc) multimodald) directe) intrinsicE 19. _____ distribution is used when a producer distributes its products through certain chosen outletswhile intentionally avoiding other possible outlets.a) Restrictiveb) Exclusivec) Intensived) Narrowe) SelectiveD 20. An advantage of exclusive distribution is that it: a) makes the product widely available toconsumers at a variety of outlets.b) eliminates all market intermediaries.c) allows the firm to avoid charging a sales taxon the goods.d) may allow the firm to create and maintain animage of prestige.e) provides the goods to consumers at the lowest possible cost.D 21. Newspaper publishers have their papers available in grocery stores, convenience stores, and vending machines and at many other locations throughouta city. This is an example of a(n) _____ distributionof a product.a) nonspecificb) specializedc) geographically dispersedd) intensivee) decentralizedC 22. Exclusive distribution can be viewed as an extreme form of:a) intensive distribution.b) the one-channel approach.c) selective distribution.d) price discrimination.e) mass merchandising.B 23. A(n) _____ is a retailer with only one outlet.a) exclusive retailerb) independent retail storec) wholesalerd) franchise retailere) sole proprietorshipA 24. _____ are usually the best way to ship goods when the goods must be delivered quickly to several different locations in a local area.a) Trucksb) Bargesc) The railroadsd) Pipelinese) Containerized modulesE 25. One way to accelerate the distribution process is to make sure that it is integrated with the _____ process.a) marketingb) financingc) credit approvald) advertisinge) productionB 26. Restructuring a distribution process commonly results in the elimination of:a) production.b) warehouses.c) manufacturers.d) product lines.e) product mixes.A 27. _____ allows a firm to check orders online, determine where future inventory shortages may occur,and increase its production accordingly.a) E-marketingb) Integrated productionc) Source-to-source coordinationd) Marketing logisticse) Inventory managementB 28. Specialty stores in a shopping mall can offer the customer convenience while retaining their:a) selectivity.b) prestige.c) price advantage.d) wide customer appeal.e) product variety.E 29. A camera shop that has knowledgeable salespeople who can provide advice to purchasers andalso offers to service and repair the cameras it sells isan example of a(n):a) mass merchandiser.b) agent-seller.c) one-stop shopping outlet.d) distribution chain.e) full-service retailer.A 30. Stores that tend to focus on only one or a few types of products are:a) specialty retailers.b) variety department stores.c) retail outlets.d) discount stores.e) cash-and-carry retailers.B 31. When the wholesaler purchases the products from the manufacturer and sells them to retailers oncredit, it normally assumes the:a) package design.b) credit risk.c) promotional expenses of the manufacturer.d) manufacturer’s guarantee.e) producer’s risk.A 32. A wholesaler provides all of the following servicesto manufacturers except:a) production.b) warehousing.c) delivery to retailers.d) sales expertise.e) feedback from retailers.A 33. A situation in which two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm is called:a) vertical channel integration.b) horizontal channel integration.c) multilevel marketing.d) wheel of retailing.e) conglomeration.B 34. When a _____ considers vertical integration, it mustbe concerned about whether it will lose its establishedbusiness with retail firms.a) retailerb) producerc) service providerd) retailere) chain storeD 35. All of the following are distribution difficulties that firms may encounter when operating internationally except:a) poorly organized distribution networks.b) organized crime.c) payoffs.d) lack of potential customers.e) lack of intermediaries.Chapter14Multiple ChoiceD 11. Even if a firm’s product is properly produced, priced, and distributed, it still needs to be:a) manufactured.b) inspected.c) graded.d) promoted.e) market tested.A 12. All of the following are methods of promotion except:a) target marketing.b) personal selling.c) advertising.d) sales promotion.e) public relations.D 13. The act of informing or reminding consumers about a specific product or brand is referred to as:a) personal selling.b) production.c) finance.d) promotion.e) research and development.A 14. Which of the following promotion strategies isa nonpersonal sales promotion aimed at a largenumber of consumers?a) advertisingb) public relationsc) telemarketingd) retail sellinge) mega-marketingC 15. A nonpersonal sales presentation about a specific brand is:a) institutional advertising.b) personal selling.c) brand advertising.d) comparative advertising.e) reminder advertising.B 16. The type of advertising that is used for grocery products such as cereal, peanut butter, and dogfood is:a) institutional advertising.b) reminder advertising.c) the push strategy.d) industry advertising.e) public relations advertising.D 17. Ads that show consumers choosing betweenPepsi and Coca-Cola are examples of __________ advertising.a) comparativeb) institutionalc) industryd) remindere) genericC 18. All of the following are forms of advertising except:a) direct mail.b) outdoor ads.c) personal selling.d) online banner ads.e) transportation ads.A 19. Ads that are televised separately rather than within a show are called:a) commercials.b) specialty ads.c) infomercials.d) institutional ads.e) direct-mail ads.A 20. All of the following are advantages of Internet advertising except:a) direct, personal contact with the potential consumer.b) low cost.c) fees can be based on the number of customer orders.d) generates high levels of response.e) can create product awareness.B 21. The use of the telephone for promoting and selling products is known as:a) telepromotion.b) telemarketing.c) online sales promotion.d) telecommunication mix.e) annoying phone calls.E 22. Salespeople generally perform all of the following steps except:a) identify the target market.b) follow up.c) contact potential customers.d) make the sales presentation.e) advertising.C 23. A salesperson who has just completed an effective sales presentation should attempt to:a) analyze the market.b) win at all costs.c) close the sale.d) exploit the customer.e) maximize sales returns and allowances.A 24. A visual method that retail stores use in promoting particular products is a:a) display.b) rebate.c) coupon.d) premium.e) market.B 25. The promotion strategy of sampling is most often used to:a) provide customers with a premium as an incentiveto purchase more of the product.b) introduce new products.c) give customers a discount if a larger quantity is purchased.d) serve as a reminder for former customers to buythe product again.e) unload surplus inventoryD 26. The main, immediate goal of public relations is to:a) remind customers of the firm’s existence.b) compare the firm’s brand to a competitor’sbrand.c) identify the firm’s target market.d) enhance the image of the firm.e) increase sales.E 27. Which of the following sales promotion strategies provides a gift or prize to consumers who purchasea specific product?a) pullb) pushc) samplingd) rebatese) premiumsB 28. When firms promote products, they highlight the advantages over all other products. They emphasizethe product’s:a) publicity.b) features.c) sales promotion.d) labeling.e) life cycle.E 29. Firms that hire __________ to promote productsmust consider the perceptions of the consumers ineach country.a) accountantsb) economistsc) suppliersd) clientse) celebritiesE 30. Which of the following is a public relations strategyin which an organization provides the media witha written announcement?a) special eventsb) press conferencec) concert sponsorshipd) direct maile) news releaseB 31. If a firm’s target market is made up of a wide variety of customers throughout a specific region, it wouldlikely use __________ to promote its product.a) personal sellingb) advertisingc) door-to-door salesd) one-on-one communicatione) target marketingA 32. When producers promote their products to wholesalersor retailers, their promotion effort is called a:a) push strategy.b) premium price strategy.c) sales promotion.d) market segmentation.e) pull strategy.E 33. Which of the following is a strategy where firmsfocus their promotional messages on the targetmarket customers, who in turn request the productfrom wholesalers or producers?a) pushb) co-brandingc) product life cycled) sponsorshipe) pullA 34. The promotion budget varies substantially acrossfirms and may even vary for each firm’s product lineover time. Its characteristics are influenced by all ofthe following except:a) size of human resource department.b) competition.c) phase of the product life cycle.d) economic conditions.D 35. If marketing managers anticipate a larger demandfor a product in response to new promotion strategies,they must inform their:a) labor union.b) stockholders.c) creditors.d) production department.e) appropriate government agency.翻译：1)P245:Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Structure信息技术对组织架构的影响Whatever type of organizational structure a firm uses, technology facilitates communication among the job positions throughout the organizational structure. All parts of a firm use technology, and a wide variety of departments include technology experts among their employees. Technology and the professionals working in the field must support and connect every area of the organization.无论企业采用何种组织架构，技术便利了整个组织里岗位之间的交流。

自考商务英语复习资料

Lesson l International Business1.certificate of deposit 大额存单2. management contract 管理合同3.turnkey project “交钥匙”工程4.copyright 版权5．maturity 到期日 6.价值链value chain 7．承包生产contract manufacturing 8．特许经营者franchisee 9．国内生产总值gross domestic product 10.商标trademarkLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1．GNP 国民生产总值2．Consumerism 消费主义 3 . factors of production 生产要素 4. purchasing power 购买力5．PPP 购买力平价 6.个市场的收人分布状况6. income distribution of a market 7．人均国内生产总值per capita GDP 8．经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 9．四方组合Quad 10.大路货staple goodsLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration1.political entity 政治实体2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3. settlement 结算4. council of ministers 部长理事会5．territory economies 区域性经济体 6.行政（执行）机构executive body 7．欧元euro 8．欧盟委员会European Commission 9．签字国，签字人signatory 10.关税税率tariff ratesLesson 4 Economic Globalization1.economic globalization 经济全球化2. technical improvements技术进步3．Inputs投入 4.headquarters总部5.parent company 母公司6．子公司affiliate 7．日常管理day-to-day running 8．国际经济环境international economic environment 9．跨国公司（企业）multinational corporation ( enterprise ) 10.职权jurisdiction Lesson 5 International Trade (I)1.international trade 国际贸易2. the theory of absolute advantage绝对利益理论3. nd and labor 资本、土地和劳动力4. with respect to关于5．appeal吸引力6．国际生产专门化international specialization 7．劳务services 9．比较利益comparative advantageLesson 6 International Trade (II)1.reasonable costs合理的成本2. inland water vessels内河船只3. cargo compartment货仓4.tariffs 关税5．customs union 关税同盟6．数量限制quantitative restrictions 7．外汇收入foreign exchange earnings 8.配额quota 9．关税减让tariff concessions 10.移民汇款immigrant remittanceLesson 7 Incoterms 20001．EDI 电子数据交换 2.Ex Work 工厂交货3．Free Carrier货交承运人4．CIF 成本、保险费加运费5．negotiable 可转让的，可流通的6．贸易术语trade terms 7．装运港船上交货FOB( Free on Board) 8．目的地，终点destination 9．无关税区customs-free zones 10.商业发票commercial invoicesLesson 8 The Business Contract1.offeree 收盘人2. sales confirmation．销售确认书3. binding obligations 约束性责任4. cotton piece goods棉布5．trunk call 长途电话6．报价quotation 7.仲裁arbitration 8．寄售合同consignment contract 9.购货合同9．purchase contract 10.书面谈判10. written negotiationLesson 9 Modes of Trade1.buyback 回购交易2. foreign exchange 外汇3. auction拍卖4．Creditor债权人 5. Volkswagen众汽车公司6.贸易方式modes of trade 7.反向购买，互购counter purchase 8.跨国界合同cross-border contract 9．代理agency 10.补偿贸易compensation tradeLesson 10 International Payment1. open account记账交易2. drawer出票人3. D/P at sight即期付款交单4.documentary draft跟单汇票5. consigment transaction寄售交易6．外汇管制foreign exchange control 7．远期付款交单D/P aft.er sight 8．受款人payee 9.汇率波动exchange rate fluctuations 10.光票clean draftLesson 11The Letter of Credit（ll）1．amendment修改2．negotiating bank 议付行 3. credit worthiness资信 4.carrying vessel运载船只5. legal action法律行动6．单价unit price 7．转船transshipment 8．信用证letter of credit 9．申请人applicant 10.保兑行confirming bankLesson 12 The Letter of Credit (lI)1.double assurance双重保障2. deferred payment推迟付款3.mechanism机制4. the maturity of the draft 汇票到期5．clean credit 光票信用证6．无汇票信用证non-draft credit 7．不可链讣信用证non-transferable credit 8．远期信用证usance credit 9．贴现discount 10.资金周转capital turnoverLesson 13 Major Documents Required in World Trade1.take delivery of提货2. port of shipment起运港，发货港3．notify party被通知人4．packing list 装箱单5．weight list重量单6．货运收据cargo receipt 7.收货人consignee 8．承运人carrier 9．单据documents 10.合法持有人legal holderLesson 14 International Transportation1.in a broad sense从广义上讲2. per-unit每一单位3. private carrier自有承运人4. logistics物流5. cost economies 节约成本（成本节约）6.契约承运人contract carrier 7．货物运输freight transportation 8．库存，存货inventory 9．生产率productivity 10.产品自然领域natural product provincesLesson 15 Insurance (l)1.Insured被保险人，保户，投保人2. handmaiden起服务（或辅助）作用的事物3. jeopardy危险，风险4. multi- modal transportation多种方式的运输5.known premium已知的保险费6．承保人insurer 7．保证margin 8．顾客client 9．共同款项pool 10.海上保险marine insuranceLesson 16 Insurance (ll)1.forwarding charges远期费用2. free from particular average平安险3. all risks一切险4．Pro rata按比例5．terms of sale 价格条件6．水渍险with particular average 7．导致损失的直接原因proximate cause of the loss 8．分摊contribution 9．可保权益insurable interest 10.最大诚信utmost good faithLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate1.the international monetary system国际货币体系2. direct quote直接标价3- flexible exchange rate浮动汇率 4. gold standard金本位制 5. special drawing right特别提款权6．买入价buying rate 7．利率interest rate 8.卖出价buying rate 9．通货膨胀inflation 10.国际收支平衡international balance of paymentLesson 18 International Financial Organizations1．hard loans硬贷款2．voting power 投票权3. development strategy发展策略 4. telecommunications电信5 . population-planning人口计划 6.私营经济private sector 7．借款权borrowing power 8．优惠期grace period 9．储备份额reserve tranche 10.股权投资equity investmentLesson 19 Foreign Direct Investment1．integrated company 综合公司2．supply factors供给方面的因素 3. distribution networks销售网 4. start from scratch白手起家5．after-sale service售后服务6．投资政策investment policies 7．外国直接投资foreign direct investment 8．并购acquisition 9．贸易壁垒trade barriers 10.营销优势marketing advantageLesson 20 The International Stock Exchange1．investor 投资者2．Jobber股票买卖经纪人3．indices 指数4.Equities普通股5- market maker证券交易商6．套期保值hedge 7．事业机构投资商institutional investors 8．所得税income tax 9．长期资本long-term capital 10.证券交易所stock exchangeLesson 21 The World Trade Organization and China1.non-discriminate 非歧视的2. GATT关贸总协定3．verdict裁决，判决 4. standard of living生活水平5．enforcement power 执行权6．最惠国条款most-favored nation clause 7．贸易保护措施protectionist measures 8.敏感产业sensitive industries 9．贸易赤字trade deficit 10.充分就业full employmentLesson 22 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development1.preference优先权2. territory领土，领地3. transfer of technology技术转让4. industrialization process工业化进程5. international monetary system 国际货币体系6．联合国大会United Nations General Assembly 7．行动纲领action program 8.殖民地colony 9．机构organ 10.豁免条款escape clause全真模拟演练（一）1．correspondent bank 往来行，关系行2．tax holiday免税期3．gold tranche黄金份韧4．hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀5．negotiable transport document可转让装运单据6．bill of exchange汇票7．grace period 优惠期，宽限期8. preferential customs tariffs特惠税9．dirty float肮脏浮动10. endowment of nature自然的赋予11.关税减让tariff concession 12.从量税specific duties 13.贴现率discount rate 14.反补贴措施counter-veiling measures 15 .空运收据airway bill 16.差别待遇differential treatment 17.非关税壁垒non-tariff barrier 18.装船通知shipping advice 19.补偿贸易compensation trade 20.借款权borrowing power全真模拟演练（二）1．common market共同市场 2. certificate of origin产地证书3．business line业务范围 4. investment returns投资回报5．idle funds游资 6. cash in advance 预付现金7.title to the goods货物所有权8．direct quote直接标价9．trade terms贸易术语10. firm offer实盘11.分阶段付款periodic payments 12.价格条款price terms 13.跟单托收documentary collection 14.实际头寸net positions 15.大路货staple goods 16.结关customs clearance 17.唛头shipping marks 18.风险转移risk transfer 19.竞争性贬值competitive devaluation 20.起运港port of shipmentLesson l International Business1．国际贸易和国内贸易在法制体系、货币、文化背景和自然条件与经济条件方面都有所不同。

05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料

05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4. Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5. Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒All forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8. Turnkey contract交钥匙工程One in which one of the parties agree to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9. Contract manufacturing承包生产A firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain.11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions,12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资)(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3) other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market? Ans:(1) do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2) receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership ormanagement.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable? Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers tobe of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者 a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.(国民生产总值)(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.(国内生产总值)(concentrates on the place where production take place),5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing(评估)the potential of aparticular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy)(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average incomelevel of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad- --extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries& 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1. Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers toeconomic activities with non-members.,2. The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting(采取)the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing(废除)trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour(以迂回方式)as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.)(3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production (such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A. is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and freeproduction factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency. )B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is erodingthe tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3. The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)For more ambitious integration efforts.1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)Treaty of Rome ---signedAim to realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well asharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)became a ture common market as evisaged by --the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg +1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.,4. The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible tothe Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.A. vote EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5. APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---(by the Seoul Declaration)" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC(the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel(account for 40%of the global oil production)(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应) of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.,Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1. Economic Globalization经济全球化 as a objective trend(1)The basic featurefree flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, :and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:A. Giving new impetus动力 and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsA. enables countries benefit from the boom of other countriesB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us isto follow the trend closely, availing 利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, oftenincluding productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.(1)If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.(2)If the MNC is the original investment corporation,it is known as the parent MNC, normally alsothe international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to itsinternational headquarters.3. The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactions Bcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growth4. Commonly objective of MNE(needs, goals, and roles)(1) profit ---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsa. a favorable business environmentb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers(3)as vehicles for cross-border transfer of resources,5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs areunder the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporations a group of relatively independent subsidiaries. ---i(2)the global corporations-iews the world market as an integrated whole. --vPower and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manage production and marketing to achieve theeconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and resources are integrated in an interdependent network of affiliates.(4)world company--as their national identities are blurred to a large extent. -Very few companies reached this level of internationalization.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may begreatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1. International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced inanother.2. Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms ofresources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转 without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantageis smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的 concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石 of modern thinking on international trade.3. Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.(3)innovation or style,4. The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer thequestion:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5. The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations.10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specificduty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.Coz. Most nations want to expand exports and increasing their foreign exchange earnings.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariffconcessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff'sschedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.(1)transportation service运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款 ---refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1. The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade termsin foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronicdata interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he wouldhave obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage tothe goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country ofdestination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6. The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.,Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form. (1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘 ---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary informationrequired by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily. C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc. D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or otherterms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3. The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4. The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity. (3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔,,Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War ? years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ?Britain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exportedbut not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together. (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages; (2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions . (2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality. (3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理,,Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to。

商务英语复习要点

一、简称写全称：1．DFI/FDI（国外直接投资）：Direct Foreign Investment 2．MNC（跨国公司）：multinational corporation3．R&D（研发）research & development4．EEC（欧洲经济共同体）：European economic community5．PPI（生产者价格指数）：producer price index 6．CPI（消费者价格指数）：consumer price index 7．ROE (股东资产净值盈利) return on equity8．EPS （每股收益）earnings per share9．CIF（成本、保险费、运费）：Cost，Insurance and Freight 10．CIP（运费、保险费付至…）：Carriage ，Insurance Paid to11．CFR（成本加运费）：Cost and Insurance 12．FOB（船上交货）：Free on Board13．EC（欧洲共同体）：European Community14．EU（欧洲联盟）：European Union15．CPA（国外应付赔偿）：Claims Payable Abroad 16．PPI（保单权益证明）：Policy Proof of Interest二、词组（课文中划的那部分）：1．research and development 研究和发展2．cut across national borders 穿越国家边界3．after allowing for 考虑风险之后4．tap foreign markets 开拓国外市场5．distribution techniques 经销方式6．marketing division 市场销售部7．acquisition 兼并8．underlie a firm’s intent 导致……的原因9．preferential tax treatment 税收优惠待遇10．corporation 股份公司11．Sole proprietorship 独资企业12．partnership 合伙公司13．cooperative 合作社14．portfolio investment 有价证券投资15．investment portfolio 投资总额16．trade restrictions 贸易限制17．import quota 进口配额18．export subsidy 出口补贴19．hard assets 实物资产20．The consumer economy 消费者主导型经济21．emerging economy 新型经济22．level off 停止23．price disparity 价格差异24．financial assets 金融资产25．hedging benefit 套头保值26．The main beneficiaries 受益人27．price appreciation 价格上涨28．current assets 流动资产fixed assets 固定资产intangible assets 无形资产tangible assets 有形资产29．accounts receivable 应收账款notes receivable 应收票据30．capital goods 生产资料consumer goods 生活资料31．down payment 首付32．promissory note 本票33．commercial paper 商业汇票34．Wall Street 华尔街35．Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数Standard & Poor’s index 普尔指数Nikkei index 日经指数36．snap up 抢购37．mutual funds 共同基金pension funds 养老金38．cross border investment 跨国投资39．remove trade barriers 打破贸易壁垒40．intra-European service 欧洲内部之间的服务41．grabbing market share 强占市场份额42．intercountry red tape 国家之间的繁文缛节43．recession 经济萧条44．Chamber of commerce 商会45．spot rate 即期汇率forward rate 远期汇率46．accounting equation 会计恒等式三、名词解释：1．import quota（进口配额）：a maximum absolute amount of a particular commodity that may be imported.2．export subsidy（出口补贴）：a government payment to private firms to encourage the export of certain goods or to prevent discrimination against exporters who may have to sell their product at a world price that is below the domestic price.3．acquisition（兼并）：one company buys another company or parts of another company.4．mergers（合并）：both old companies cease to exist and a new enterprise is created.5．spot trading（即期交易）：the buying and selling of commodities for immediate delivery.6．future trading（期货交易）：the buying and selling of commodities for future delivery.7．hedging benefit（套头保值）：a commercial operation that combines spot trading and future trading for the purpose of protecting the trader against risks in price fluctuations.8．selling hedge（卖期保值）：purchases on the spot market may be hedged by making sales on the futures market. 9．buying hedge（买期保值）：the trader may hedge his sale of a commodity on the spot market by simultaneously making apurchase of the same quantity of that commodity on the futures market.10．profit margin（利润边际）：the profit a company can gain by one more unit of sale.11．net profit margin（纯利润率），or return on sales（销售利润率）：the net income a business makes per unit of sales. 12．return on equity（股东资产净值盈利），or return on investment（投资报酬率）：the net income a business makes per dollar of investment.13．earning per share（每股收益）：a company earns for each share of stock outstanding.14．commercial paper（商业汇票）：a short-term note issued by a company to borrow from other businesses with excess cash. 15．s econdary markets（二级市场）：a market for the exchange of existing securities that operates outside the recognized main market16．bears（股票看跌者）：who expect stock prices to fall17．bulls（股票看涨者）：who expect stock prices to rise18．Bull market（牛市）：buyers more than sellers, stock prices and the value of traded shares are rising19．loosen monetary policy（宽松货币政策）：increase the nation’s money supply20．tighten monetary policy（紧缩货币政策）：reduce the money supply21．economies of scale（规模经济）：as output or the scale of operations increases, the average cost of production tends to decline.22．diseconomies of scale（规模不经济）：the average cost of production no longer declines but increase.23．spot rate（即期汇率）：the price at which currencies are exchanged for immediate delivery, generally within 2 days 24．Forward rate（远期汇率）：the exchange rate between 2 currencies used for delivery at a future date.四、问答题1．trade restrictions（贸易限制）包括哪两方面？答：import quota（进口配额）and export subsidy（出口补贴）are two examples of the kind2．Bank’s balance sheet（银行的资产负债表）1）包括哪三个基本要素？答：It consists of three sections—assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity2）accounting equation（会计恒等式）答：assets= liabilities + owner’s equity Or assets- liabilities = owner’s equity3．CIF1）全称：Cost，Insurance and Freight2）买卖双方职责：the seller has responsibility to arrange and pay for the shipment of the goods to the port of destination and provide insurance cover at his own expense3）风险转移：the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer once the goods are load on board the ship at the named port of shipment4．CIP1）全称：Carriage ，Insurance Paid to2）买卖双方职责：the seller is responsible for arranging and paying for the transport of the goods to the named place of destination. The seller also deal with the matter of insurance and pay premiums.3）风险转移：the buyer to bear the risk of loss or damage to the goods thereafter.5．CFR1）全称：Cost and Insurance2）买卖双方职责：the seller arranges the shipment of the goods and pays the freight to the named port of destination.3）风险转移：the buyer bears the risk of loss or damage to the goods once they are load on board the ship at the named port of shipment.6．FOB1）全称：Free on Board2）买卖双方职责：the buyer to arrange and pay for the shipment to the port of destination, and take out whatever insurance cover the buyer considers necessary.3）风险转移：the buyer bears the risk of loss or damage to the goods7．The European Union（欧洲联盟）四个特征：答：a free trade area（自由贸易区）、a customs union（关税联盟）、a common market（共同市场）、an economic union （经济联盟）8．letter of credit（信用证）1）五个组成要素？答：buyer，seller，issuing bank，negotiating bank，opening bank 注：第8题问答题大家自己看一下书145页Lesson 11.公司的战略，政策和计划Corporate strategy, policy and planning2.种种其他因素A variety of other factors世界贸易和投资的模式World trade and investment patterns除了采掘工业之外With the exception of extractive industries建立海外子公司最重要的动机The most important motive for setting up overseas subsidiaries寻求新的利润来源The search for new sources of profit对国外经销方法的不满意Dissatisfaction over distribution techniques abroad 国外生产设备的定址The location of foreign production facilities企业兼并的巨浪A tremendous surge of acquisition of enterprises 通过在国外生产的方式By way of foreign production像税收待遇优惠之类的补贴Subsidies such as preferential tax treatment国际商务决定International business decisions公司经理考虑了将冒的风险之后，决定在东道国再投资60万美元（to allow for) After allowing for risk, the corporate managers decided to make an additional investment of $600,000 in the host country.为了进一步开发国外市场，很多公司已在国外设立了销售部或者子公司（to tap)In order to further tap overseas markets, many companies have set up their foreign marketing divisions or subsidiaries.降低生产成本是决定建立海外生产设施的主要因素之一（to underlie)Reduction of production costs is one of the major factors that underlie the decision to set up overseas productive facilities他建议减价10%，以便扩大市场占有率，这一建议已纳入公司的销售计划。

商务英语复习资料

2. delivery n 交货,/shipmenteffect delivery交货/make delivery交货take delivery提货e.g. We must insist on delivery within the time dated, and reserve the right to reject the goods, should they be delivered later.我们坚持在原定日期内交货，若迟交则保留拒收的权利e.g. Will you be able to deliver within 5 weeks of receipt of order?你方能否在收到订单后五周内交货？3. C.I.F.C3% 价格术语：成本保险加运费含佣金百分之三4. commission n 佣金明佣open commission/暗佣sleeping commission含我方佣金百分之三Our 3% commission / a commission of 3%inclusive of our 3% commissionincluding our commission of 3%两笔（或几笔）佣金— two items of commission / several items of commissione.g.In view of our long-standing business relationship, we would like to allow you another 2% commission for further promotion of our products.考虑到我们之间长期的.贸易关系，我们愿再给你方百分之二的佣金，以促进我方产品进一步扩大销售。

e.g. A commission of 5% will certainly help you in pushing your sales.百分之五的佣金肯定会有助于你们的销售。

商务英语复习资料.doc

branch office entrance feeregular pricespecial pricewarrantyhead officeexpiry date 有效期限；终止日期 wrapping 包装纸，包装材料compensate for 赔偿 net profit 净利，纯利 Trademark 商标 Patent 专利 Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权 certificate 证书，证明 infringement 侵权 patent right 专利权 Patent Office 专利局 patent certificate 专利证书 exclusive right 专有权，专营权利 breakage 破碎险 invoice 发票 invoice value 发票金额 economy class 经济舱 business class 商务舱 departure time 起飞时间 arrival time 到达时间boarding card 登机牌 return ticket 往返票 Customs Declaration Card 海关申报卡 overcome the jet leg 倒时差 get down to business 开始谈正事 warehouse 仓库 stock 库存 delivery 递送，交货 conveyor belt 传送带 press release 新闻稿 cost-effective 节约成本的 prime-time 黄金时段 short clips 宣传短片 product launch show 产品发布会 market share 市场份额 business advertising 商业广告 target audi9. refreshment 茶点 ence 目标对象 take the minutes 作会议记录 gift voucher 礼券 free trial 免费试用 tie-in promotion 搭售 raffle sales 抽奖销售 outstanding debt 未偿债务 economic outlook 经济前景purchasing power 购买力profit margin 利润率分公司入场费正常价格特价（质量）保证总公司enquiry （或inquiry ）询价，询盘；询问 enquiry note 询价单sample 样品 sample cuttings 剪样 sample book 样品本 quotation n.行市；报价 catalogue 商品目录 illustrated catalogu 带有插图或照片的目录 brochure /pamphlet 商品小册子 indicative price 参考价格 export n ・出口；出口货 export v< 出口 exporter n.出口商 exportation n. 出口 order n.订单，订购；所订货物（后面一般接介词foi •，间或接of ） duplicateorder 重复订单 fresh order 新订单initial order 首批订货 outstanding/pending order 未完成订单 trialorder 试购订单 order v> 订购specific enquiry 具体询盘，详细询盘 general enquiry一般询盘 offer... on FOBbasis 按 FOB 价格报盘discount n.折扣，贴现trade discount 同行折扣，商业折扣discount v.贴现；打折扣 make Shipment 装运，发货 book shipping space 订舱位 shipping advice 装船通知 shippinginstructions 装船须知 cover insurance 投保 consign v.运送；寄售 consignor 发货人 consignee 收货人 contract 合同Sales Confirmation 销售确认书 counter offer n./v.还盘，还价 close the deal = come to terms 成交，达成交易 packing n ・包装 packing charges 包装费用 packinginstructions 包装要求，包装须知 export packing 出口包装 inner packing 内包装 outer packing 外包装 shipping marks 装运标志，陵头 improper packing 包装不当 container 集装箱 shipping instructions 装运须知 multimodal transportation 多式联运 payment 支付，付款 payment in advance 预付货款 shipping documents 装船单据 D/P= Documents against Payment 付款交单 D/A= Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单credit status 信用状况 deposit 存款；保证金 balance 余额 collection 托收 honor a draft 兑付汇票 installment 分期支付的款项 issue an L/C 开立信用证 documentary draft 跟单汇票 clean draft 光票 cover insurance 投保 average 海损 premium 保险费 underwrite 承保 underwriter 承保人 breakage 破碎险 invoice 发票 invoice value 发票金额China Import and Export CommodityInspection Bureau 中国进出口产品检验局 Certificate of Origin 原产地证明Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书Settle a claim 理赔Register a claim 索赔Insurance claim 保险索赔Inferior quality 质量较差Registered trademark 注册商标Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权Copyright 版权Patent specification 专利说明Sales Contract 销售合同Contractor订约人，承包人Abide by the contract 遵守合同Expiration of contract 合同期满Gross weight 毛重Net weight 净重Insurance policy 保险单Insurance premium 保险费Underwriter 保险商Open account赊账交易Payment on delivery 货到付款Letter of credit 信用证Commercial invoice 商业发票Payment by installation 分期付款Inner packing 内包装Outer packing 外包装Shipping advice 装船通知Bill of lading 提单Port of shipment 装运港Port of destination 目的港Partial shipment 分批装运Bargain the price 讨价还价Cut the price削减价格Favorable price 优惠价格Wholesale price 批发价格Retail price零售价格Commission 折扣Main products主要产品Terms and conditions 条款条件Consumer products 消费品European main ports 欧洲主要港口Paragraph 1Trade fair provides a place for sellers to display their goods and make them known to buyers. It is a very common means for sellers to promote their goods and for buyers to choose goods from the vast variety on offer. It's a marketplace filled with qualified buyers, joint venture partners, distributor and partners 一all in one place. It offers many advantages, such as obtaining sales leads and competitor intelligence, and learning more about industry developments and trends・ It also offers companies some chances to capture their share of the global market. 8商品交易会是为卖方提供一个展示他们商品的场所，让买方了解它们，对于卖方来说，这是促销它们商品的普遍方式。

商务英语考试资料

商务英语考试资料商务英语考试资料一、商务英语词汇考试1、概念词汇inflation（通货膨胀）、credit-card （信用卡）、depreciation （折旧）、economics（经济学）、bond（债券）、marketing（市场营销）、entrepreneurship（企业家精神）、investment（投资）、logistics （物流）、income（收入）、banking（银行业）、trade（贸易）、quality （质量）、insurance（保险）等。

2、技术词汇wholesale（批发）、retail（零售）、consumption（消费）、transaction（交易）、merchandising（商品营销）、promotion（促销）、distribution（分销）、prospect（前景）、corporation（公司）、consortium（财团）、networking（网络）、outsourcing（外包）、barter （易货贸易）、TQM（全面质量管理）、manufacture（制造）等。

二、商务英语阅读理解报纸上的一篇商务英语文章：We all know the importance of having a good relationship with our customers. But how do we go about it? One way is to have excellent customer service.The goal of customer service is to ensure that customersare satisfied with their purchase and have a positive experience when dealing with your business. This means that you should always be willing to help customers with any problems or questions they may have. Listen carefully to your customers and make sure to respond in a timely manner.Another way of having good relationships with customers is to provide quality products and services. It is important that customers feel they are getting a good value for their money. If customers feel they are not getting their money's worth, then it's likely that they won't be back.Finally, a great way to develop a strong relationship with customers is to stay in touch with them. Sending out a newsletter or emailing special offers are great ways to stay connected. You can also invite customers to special events or offer them discounts for being loyal customers.By following these simple steps, you can build a strong and lasting relationship with customers that will be beneficial for all involved.问题：1、文章的主要内容是什么？2、文章提到的第二种方式是什么？3、文章提到最后一种方式是什么？答案：1、文章的主要内容是提出了三种建立良好客户关系的方式。

商务英语复习资料

工作氛围working environment一个显要的职衔an impressive job title正常工作时间regular hours市场开发部developing markets officeIncumbent progamme 岗位培训课程嘉奖制度reward and recognition schemeGrow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产独立法人，独立经销店solo traderask for permission 获得准许complain about a mistake 投诉一个错误confirm something is OK 确认某事request information 索要信息change a booking 改变预定take voluntary redundancy 自愿接受裁退make redundant 裁员ask clever questions 问恰当的问题commercial director 销售总监sales executive 销售总监sales argument 销售赔款合理的理由reasonable groundsemail confirmation form 电子确认表sales and advertising teammarketing representative 营销代表benefits and incentives 福利和奖励be prepared to fail做好失败的准备door-to-door work and cold calling挨家挨户的推销和进行不期而至的拜访一、短语翻译regular hours 正常工作时间flexible hours 弹性工作时间freelance 自由职业job-share 分担工作shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制part-time 兼职full-time 全职emping 当临时工specialist advice 专业咨询hot-desking 办公桌轮用office gossip 办公室小道消息office news 办公室新闻parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假routine type of person 按部就班的人get organised 安排有序set your limits 规定限度put pen to paper 签订协议two become one 合二为一open your mind 敞开心扉plan for disaster 有备无患find the perfect partner 理想搭档don’t feel guilty 勿感疚Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.要能够相互沟通，功过与共. trade fair event 商品交易会coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间drink evening晚间酒会coaching event 专项体验训练活动useful contacts 有用的人际关系co-chair 联合总裁，主席international communication 部交流post-it note 便条Life’s all about making connections 生活就是建立人脉关系Training and staff development培训和员工发展Flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Opportunities to travel 旅游机会Opportunities for promotion升职提拔机会Days off 几天短假Fact sheet 情况说明书Holding cmpany 控股公司Company car 公司配给的汽车Client service executive 客户服务主管Old and established 历史悠久Incumbent progamme 岗位培训课程Promote from within提拔部员工Grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产Final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划Non-cash reward 非现金形式的奖赏Once-in-a-lifetime 千载难逢的，令人难忘的Career goal 职业目标Senior management 高层管理人员develop a good training progamme to keep the saff motivated通过开发良好的培训计划来提高员工的工作热情have flexible management of time and work 灵活安排自己的时间和工作learn from other people’s strong points 学他人所长Distribution centre 配送中心Call centre 呼叫中心，中心Document management文档管理Innovative technology 创新技术Mission statement 目标宣传Headerquarter 总部subsidiary 子公司Brabch 分公司corporation 公司，法人Working in a team needs to have good interpersonal skills and is not necessarily efficient.在团队工作需要有很好的人际交往技能，不一定效率就高。

商务英语复习资料及答案

商务英语复习资料及答案注意：括号内的黑体字是上面部分的答案！！单词1. airport2. business3. company4. file5. equipment6. staff7. product8. department9. 市场分额10. 总经理11. agreement 12. board13. customer 14. pricelist 15. flight 16. post17. quality 18. warehouse 19. 船公司20. 总销售额21.printer 22. catalog 23. advertisement 24.market share25.quality control 26.business competition 27. personnel department(1 机场 2 生意3公司4卷宗，文件 5 设备6 员工7产品8 部门9 market share 10 general manager 11. 协议12. 董事会13. 顾客14. 价目表15. 航班16. 邮件17. 质量18. 仓库19. shipping company 20. total sales 21。

打印机22。

目录23。

广告24。

市场份额25。

质量控制26。

商业竞争27。

人事部)单项选择题1. I’m in computers. What about you? _______A. Oh, I live in London.B. Well, I work in Sales.C. Oh, I’ve been here for years.D. I am getting on very well.2. Q uite often I meet our customers, especially some important ________.A .people B. ones C. one D. customer3. When you are seeing a customer off at the station, you will say “______”.A. Sorry to say bye-byeB. Sorry, enjoy yourself.C. Have a good journey back.D. Many thanks.4. How do you do? ______A. How do you do?B. How is your family?C. How are you?D. Fine.5. Businessmen have to spend _________ time finding a customer.A. a fewB. lots ofC. a number ofD. a great deal of6. The flight was cancelled ______ the snow.A. becauseB. because ofC. so thatD. why7. Let’s have a meeting, ________?A. will weB. shall weC. must weD. do we8. Mr. Wang spent a lot of time ______ the letters and faxes.A. inB. onC. withD. for9. Do you mind if I use your computer?A. At ten past eightB. Well. I am in a bit of hurry.C. Sorry, I’m not free.D. Sorry, I’m using.10. Why not _______ some A4 paper in the next room?A. go and gettingB. go and getC. going and gettingD. going and to get11.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert.--- __________________________A. What a pleasure!B. It’s my pleasure!C. Pleased to meet you.D. I’m very pleased.12. We need to get four _________ to finish the task.A. woman clerksB. women clerkC. woman clerkD. women clerks13. _____ is your father?He is an engineer.A. WhereB. HowC. WhatD. When14. May I speak to Mr. Smith?________.A. No, byeB. I’m smithC. Y ou dialed the wrong numberD. Speaking, please.15. We are looking forward to ______ our friends next week.A. seeB. seeingC. be seeingD. having seen16. We cannot see any possibility of business ______ your price is too high.A. sinceB. whileC. thoughD. that17. There ________ 3 sections under the Production Department.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is18. M.B.A stands fo r ________.A. Master and Bachelor of ArtB. Master of Business ArtC. Master of Business AdministrationD. Machinery Business Assistant19. It is better if you make a phone call ______ you visit a customer.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. then20. Shall we have a cup of coffer _____ go into the discussion?A. butB. andC. soD. or21. Wish you a good journey!_______.A. Bye-byeB. Thank youC. So do youD. See you next time.22. May I speak to Mr. Smith?________.A. No, byeB. I’m smithC. Y ou dialed the wrong numberD. Speaking, please.23.I have no idea what to do next.___________.A. I don’t know, too.B. Y ou can help me do something.C. Why not play basketball together?D. I can help you.24. Mr. Wang spent a lot of time ______ the letters and faxes.A. inB. onC. withD. for25.I would like to have a wor d ______ you.A. toB. forC. withD. at26.Our manager is looking forward ______ doing business with you.A. forB. withC. inD. to27. It is better if you make a phone call ______ you visit a customer.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. then28.Shall we have a cup of coffer _____ go into the discussion?A. butB. andC. soD. or29. ______ department are you from?Sales.A. WhatB. WhichC. WhereD. When30. Do you mind _______ a message for me?A. leaveB. takeC. leavingD. taking31. The colleague advised me _______ a seco nd try on the business.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had32. Y ou’d better _____ with the boss at the m omen t, because he is angry with you.A. to talkB. not to talkC. talkD. not talk33. _______ samples are there in the room?About 20.A. How oftenB. How manyC. How muchD. How few34. How often do you travel abroad?________A. Once a mont hB. Three timesC. Two thirdsD. Forty percent35. Businessmen have to spend _________ time finding a customer.A. a fewB. lots ofC. a number ofD. a great deal of三、连线题(1)--How is business? ___________1______________--How do you like it here? ______2_______________--How was the conference? ______3_______________--How are the job interviews going? _____4___________--Can I use your telephone? ____________5_______A. Of course, go ahead.B. So-so. Our sales are down this year.C. OK. We have only two more persons waiting outside.D. Quite good. There were some interesting speakers there.E. It’s great! I’ll be sorry to go back.(1) B E D C A(2)1 Where did you work? __________1________2 Why did you enjoy your job? ______2____________3 Who did you work for? ________3_________4 Did you have to work hard? _______4___________5 Did you get to know a lot of people? ______5___________A. It was exciting.B. Y es, I got on well with my boss and colleagues.C. Y es. I did a lot of overtime.D. I worked in the Sales Department.E. Jim Smith, a foreigner.(2) D A E C B(3)____1___ works with the production side of the company.____2___ makes sure that customers know about the new products.____3___ hires new employees.____4___ buys the material for the company.____5___ develops new productsA. Research and DevelopmentB. PersonnelC. ProductionD. AdvertisingE. Purchasing(3) C D B E A四、正确形式填空1. We hope to get more_____ about them. (information)2. Our office _______ (open) at 9am every morning.3. They ______ the factory next Tuesday. (visit)4. _____ _____ ten computers in the office. (there be)5. We are very pleased ______ you here today. (meet)6. Our goods _____ popular there (be)7. Last week, I _______a new car (buy)8. Our office _______ (close) at 7pm.9. How about _____ a meeting next week? (hold)10. The company ______ 6 branch offices (have)(1. information 2. opens 3. will visit 4. There are 5. to meet 6. are 7. bought 8. closes 9. holding 10. has)介词1. We are very glad to hear _____ you.2. They both work _____ ABC Company.3. I’m _____ to attend a meeting.4. May I have a word with you _____ a while.5. We have to travel around _____ business.6. Tom spent a lot of time dealing _____ the e-mail and post.7. The accountant is responsible _____ the numbers and figures.8. Don’t forget to turn the lights ____ before you leave the company.9. He works ____ the manager of the company.10. They decided to major _____ business management.11. Let’s keep ____ touch.（1. from 2. for/in 3. off 4. for 5. on 6. with 7. for8. off 9. as 10. in 11. in）五、阅读理解1）A: Hello. This is Simm’s Heating. Can I help you?B: Y es. Give me the Manager.A: I’m sorry, he is not in at the moment.B: Well, that’s typical. I’ve got a complaint and there’s nobody to deal with it.A: What is the problem, sir?B: Well, I bought a central hearing system from you and it’s given nothing but trouble.A: I’m sorry to hear that, sir. Have you asked our service engineers to check it?B: Y eh, yeh. They’ve been here lots of times but it’s s till just as bad. Well, I’m fed up. I want my money back.A: I’m afraid I can’t make that decision, sir. It really is a matter for the manager.B: Well, when can I speak to him?A: He’s due in the office any time now. Shall I ask him to call you back?B: Will he be back before 2 pm?A: He should be, sir.B: Well, if it is before 2 pm, he can call me. Otherwise it will have to be tomorrow.A: I see, sir. And what’s your name and number, please?B: The name is Sampson, Roger Sampson, and the number is 374629.A: Is that a Sampson with a “ P”?B: Y es, it is.A: Right, sir. I’ll give your massage to the manager and I’m sure he’ll call you back as soon as he can.B: OK. Bye.A: Goodbye.1．Who is the caller?2．What’s wrong with the heating system?3．Why does the caller want to talk to the manager?4．When will the manager get back?5．What is the meaning of “fed up”?(1. Roger Sampson2. It can’t work smoothly even though the service engineers check it many times3. He is making a complaint and wants to get the money back.4. He should be back before 2 pm.5. 不堪忍受；不能忍受)2)Office Supply: Office Supply. Good morning. Can I help you?Caller: Good morning. I would like some information about the easy print II.Office Supply: What exactly would you like to know?Caller: First of all, how much does it cost?Office Supply: Can you hold on a minute. I should check it. We offer it at $ 660.Caller: $660, I see. What sort of warranty do you offer on that? Is it a one-year warranty?Office Supply: Yes, it is. 12 months from the date of purchase.Caller: Good. Could you tell me something about service? Do you offer on-site service?Office Supply: Yes. We do. It’s free for the length of warranty, then $120 a year after that. Caller: Right. What about other guarantee?Office Supply: Well, there is a14-day money-back if you are not satisfied with the printer. Or if you have any problems, just bring it in and you can have a refund.Caller: Fine. What about delivery? How soon can you deliver it to my office?Office Supply: Well. We usually have the Easy print in stock, but I’m afraid there’s a slight delay on orders at the moment . We could let you have it at the end of the month.Caller: Oh. That means another four weeks.Questions:1.What sort of warranty is offered if one buys the printer?2.Do they offer on-site service?3.Under what circumstances can the customer get a refund if he/she is not satisfied with theprinter?4.What’s the charge（收费）for service？5.Can the customer get the printer right now? Why/ why not?(1. It is a one-year warranty.12 months from the date ofpurchase.2. Y es, they do.3. There is a14-day money-back if you are not satisfied with the printer. Or if you have any problems, just bring it in and you can have a refund.4. It’s free for the len gth of warranty, then $120 a year after that.5. No, because there’s a slight delay on orders at the moment. )3)Jane: What kind of work do you do?Lily: I was a computer programmer at first. I’m in training now.Jane: What do you do exactly?Lily: I’m in charge of training people in our computer to use computers. Everyone has a computer in their office. My job is to teach them how to put it to use best for their job. I go from department to department, analyze their needs and work out the program suitable to their work.Jane: So do you write programs?Lily: Not any more. I have four people working under me. I spent most of the time doing the training, and doing all that goes with being head of a department.Jane: Do you ever travel?Lily: I never travel, but I have a lot of meetings.Jane: Do you like this kind of work?Lily: I like the contact with the people, I never realized that I’d like teaching people so much……Questions:6. What kind of work does Lily do?7. What’s her job responsibility?8. What does she spend a lot time on?9. Does she travel a lot?10. Does Lily like her job?(6. She is in training. /She trains people in the company to use computers.7. Her job is to teach them how to put it to use best for their job. She goes from department to department, analyze their needs and work out the program suitable to their work.8. She spends most of the time doing the training.9. No, she doesn’t. She never travels.10. No, she doesn’t.)六、句子/短文翻译(1)1. Long time no see. How are you these days?2. The manager is having a meeting with foreign clients now.3. Many people take a plane when they are on business.4. 你可以把电话号码告诉我吗？5. 我想把我的朋友黎明介绍给你。

商务英语复习资料.docx

Unit One Company ProfilesPart I Words and Expressions外资企业foreign enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise龙头企业 a locomotive国有企业state-owned enterprise私营企业privately-owned enterprise荣誉企业honorable enterprise优质企业qualified enterprisei级企业class A enterprise跨国公司multinational company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary company总公司head office分公司branch office代表处representative offices上市公司listed company私人股份有限公司private limited company拳头产品core product环保型产品environment-friendly product专业生产经营specialize in, en gage in, handle a range of business in eluding...占地面积cover an area of...年产量with an annual output具有自营进出口权being entitled to self-import and self-export rights奉行坚持•.原则；以••宗旨，在…方针指导下abide by the principles of •••, adhere to the aims of・・・，based on the motto of thecompany产品销往products have been distributed to获得奖项rank the titles•通过ISO9000质杲认证be granted the Certificate.of IS09000 International Quality System1)The amount of money a company receives from sales in a particular period is called itsturnover,2)The money a company makes after taking away its costs is its profit.3)A company which is more than 50% owned by a parent company called a subsidiary・4)The employees in a particular country or business are called the workforce.5)The percentage of sales a company has in a particular market is its mart© share.6)The main building or location of a large organization is its head office.7)The cost of a company's shares is its share price.Part II Something you may talk about when describing a company1)When it was started2)the company's line of business3 ) its products 4) Its sales figures5) the total number of employees 6)its headquarters7) Whether it does business overseas ・8) Where its plants are located (a manufacturing company). 9) How many branches or retail outlets it has (a retail organization).10) Whether it sells business-to-business, or whether it's a retail organization selling to consumers ・ Example:A: Could you tell us something about your company?B: Our company, established in 197& has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances inour countiy.A. Where are your headquarters/ head office ? / Where is the company based? B: Our head office is in Hong Kong ・A: What are your main products?/ What line of business are you in? B: Our company makes/ manufactures/ turns out kitchen appliances ・ A: What about the size of your company?B: We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent representative offices abroad ・ We've also setup more than 20 joint ventures in the home market.A: That's unbelievable ・ Then how many employees work in your company? B: The total number of employees is around 3,500. A: What are the company's annual turnover? B: Total sales last year were around $600,500,000.Part III Match the sectors to the examples of products or services they offer.Unit 2 Product PresentationPart I1・ Definition: What is a presentation?Reference answer: A presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have with every person you ever meet. It's when you sit squirming in an interviewees chair trying to be eloquent when you are asked why you left your last job. More specifically, however, when we talk about the business presentation, it could mean1. chemicals2. construction3. finance4. IT5. media6. pharmaceuticals7. retailing& telecommunications 9. transport10. vehicle manufacturingA. computer programmingB. supermarkets C ・ plastics D. cancer drugs E. bridges F. credit cards G. air services H. trucksI. women' s magazines J. telephone serviceswhenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation・2.Presentation Tips3 Basic Presentation Structure1) Introduction (——Topic i——s Outline i——s Part 1(——Part 2 (——Part 3/4 eic. i——sSummary (——s Conclusion (——％ Inviting questionsPart II Language focus and vocabularya)Introduction:Good morning. My name's ... Pm the marketing managerGood aftemoon. Pm Peter Johnson, I represent the ABC CorporationLadies and Gentlemen, it^s an honor to have the opportunity to ・•・.Welcome to our company. I know Fve met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I have if t, my name's ・・・b)TopicFd like to talk to you about...I'm going to present the recent development of •…The subject of my talk is・・・The focus of my presentation is ...c)Outline / main partsFve divided my presentation into four parts. They are...PH be dealing with three areas・The subject can be looked at under the following headings・・・We can break this area down into the following fields: firstly... secondly ・・・ thirdly ・・・ finally... d) SummaryPH briefly summarize the main issues ・ To sum up..・ In brief...・ e) ConclusionAs you can see, there are some very good reasons... I'd like to leave you with the following idea. In conclusion..・ f) Inviting questionsFd be glad to try and answer any questions.And now, if there are any questions, I'll be happy to answer them. If you have any questions I'll try to answer them.The structure of the oral presentation is crucial for one main reason: once you have articulated a statement, the audience cannot "rehear" yvhat you have said. In reading, when you do not understand a sentence or paragraph, you can stop and reread the passage as many times as necessary. When you are speaking, however; the audience must be able to follow your meaning and understand it without having to stop and consider a particular point you have made, thereby missing later statements that you make as you move through your presentation. To help your audience follow what you say easily, you must design your presentation with your audience, particularly their listening limitations, in mind. 承蒙盛情邀请 at the gracious invitation of 年会 annual meeting商界的朋友们 friends from the business community 营销报告会 marketing presentation销售代农 sales representative 销售记录 sales record 顾客满意度 customers^ satisfaction 生产商 manufacUim批发商 mcrcharH wholesaler佣金商 commission agent经销渠道 distribution channel 战略营销 strategic marketing潜在的风险和机遇 potential threats and opportunities 销售业绩 sales performancePresentations are comiTiunicating with an audience in a format in which one or more senders present a sef of infonnalion io one or more receivers. This sounds like a very broad definition and a little confusing, but presentations have evolved to be very complicated in today's world ・ You may be called on to present using no equipment, or you may have a whiteboard, slide projector, overhead projector, or beam project available ・ It is becoming more common now to have a virtual presentation over the Internet using some software that allows display of your presentation through a presentation or meeting client or standard browser window. In almost all cases, though, foirnal presentations follow the IrHnx Message and Summary formal. In each of the cases above, your presentation of the presentation materials will take a different amount of time and require different skills. If you are making a live presentation to a large crowd, you should prepare well organized维持升l 幅 to sustain an increase 保持不变 to remain constant/stable 止值…之际 onlhe occasion of到达最高点to reach a peak 降到最低点 to bottom out/level out 代表 on the behalf of 零售商retailer服务代理商 facilitating agent 营销冃标 marketing objective H 标山场 target market 可控因素 controllablecomponentsmaterials with strong graphics and sharpen your public speaking skills.Many people say the future of presentation technology will involve beam projectors and the Intemet. Beam projectors used to be extremely expensive, but prices have come down sharply in recent years to the point that they are now affordable for even small companies. The Internet is becoming a more and more popular place for people to present ideas in a structured format. The development of technologies for higher quality transmission of audio and video will make the future of Internet presentations a richer experience・Part III Follow-up practice1T ry to explain the following words and phrases in English and make sentences2Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases.1)The computer company was forced to reduce prices to keep its _______________ ・2)The ______________ tor a product is affected by its price・3)Please give me a ___________ of those income tax totals by age groups・4)We will _____ our campaign at young ho me-buyers ・5)As I was in haste to leave for a meeting yesterday, I just _______________ this list of figures and dicing notice it.6)____________ we found out what really happened to our last delivery.7)The launch date for this new product is the first of May 2006 and will then __________________ t oour main retail outlets・8)Mr Brown ___________________ to set up a branch in London.9)Please fill in the form ______________ and post it to us.10)If you have fountain pens ________ , please send us some samples.11)They referred to your service ____________ h igh praise.12)We have changed our packaging to appeal to all age groups in order to obtain maximum13)These items ______ at £5.99.14)The closing of the old store _______________ with the opening of the new shopping plaza.15)The agricultural ________ in western nations is highly subsidized・Key: 1) market share 2) market demand 3) breakdown 4) target 5) ran through 6) at long last 7) be distributed 8) was commissioned 9) at your leisure 10) in stock 11) in terms of 12) market penetration 13) retail 14) synchronized 15) sectorPart IV Translation1.This model of typewriter is efficient and endurable, economical and practical for middle schoolstudents.这款打字机工作效率高，经久耐用，并用又经济实用，非常适合中学生使用。

商务英语学习资料

Unit One 希望与要求 3Part I 3Part II 4Unit Two 产品介绍 5Part I 5Part II 6Unit Three 业务范围介绍7Part I 7Part II 8Unit Four 承诺9Unit Five 询盘10Part I 10Part II 11Unit Six 报盘12Part I 12Part II 13Unit Seven 还盘14Part I 14Part II 16Unit Eight 对还盘的反应17Part I 17Part II 18Unit Nine 要求优惠20Part I 20Part II 21Unit Ten 给予优惠22Unit Eleven 双方让步23Unit Twelve 订货及确认25Part I 25Part Two 26Unit Thirteen 请求代理并说明代理理由及代理能力28 Part One. 28Part Two 29Unit Fourteen.对代理请求的回应30Part one 30Part Two 31Unit Fifteen 代理条件和要求32Part one 32Part Two 33Unit Sixteen 合同35Part One 35Part Two 36Unit Seventeen 卖方对支付方式的要求37Part One. 37Part Two 39Unit Eighteen 买方的支付方式40Unit Nineteen 保险42Part One 42Part Two 43Unit Twenty 对包装的建议及要求45Part One 45Part Two 46Unit Twenty-One 告知客户包装所用材料、方式及其质量保证48Part One 48Part Two 49Unit Twenty-Two 货运通知51Unit Twenty-Three 货运要求及答复52Unit Twenty-Four 催运货物并告知货物迟到结果54Part one 54Part Two 55Unit Twenty-Five 仲裁57Part One 57Part Two 58Unit Twenty-Six 索赔理由及依据59Part One 59Part Two 61Unit Twenty-Seven 索赔内容及金额62Part One 62Part Two 64Unit Twenty-Eight 对索赔要求的回应65Part One 65Part Two 66Unit Twenty-Nine 对引进技术的要求67Unit Thirty 技术引进的方式及费用69Unit One 希望与要求Part I1. We’d like to express out desire to establish business relations with you on the basis of equally, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods.我方希望能在平等、互利、互通有无的基础上与贵司建立业务关系。

商务英语复习资料

工作氛围 working environment一个显要的职衔an impressive job title正常工作时间regular hours市场开发部 developing markets officeIncumbent progamme 岗位培训课程嘉奖制度reward and recognition schemeGrow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产独立法人，独立经销店 solo traderask for permission 获得准许 complain about a mistake 投诉一个错误confirm something is OK 确认某事 request information 索要信息change a booking 改变预定take voluntary redundancy 自愿接受裁退make redundant 裁员 ask clever questions 问恰当的问题commercial director 销售总监sales executive 销售总监 sales argument 销售赔款合理的理由reasonable groundsemail confirmation form 电子邮件确认表sales and advertising teammarketing representative 营销代表 benefits and incentives 福利和奖励be prepared to fail做好失败的准备door-to-door work and cold calling挨家挨户的推销和进行不期而至的拜访一、短语翻译regular hours 正常工作时间flexible hours 弹性工作时间freelance 自由职业job-share 分担工作shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制part-time 兼职full-time 全职emping 当临时工specialist advice 专业咨询hot-desking 办公桌轮用office gossip 办公室小道消息office news 办公室新闻parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假routine type of person 按部就班的人get organised 安排有序set your limits 规定限度put pen to paper 签订协议two become one 合二为一open your mind 敞开心扉plan for disaster 有备无患find the perfect partner 理想搭档don’t feel guilty 勿感内疚Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.要能够相互沟通，功过与共. trade fair event 商品交易会coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间drink evening晚间酒会coaching event 专项体验训练活动useful contacts 有用的人际关系co-chair 联合总裁，主席international communication 内部交流post-it note 便条Life’s all about making connections 生活就是建立人脉关系Training and staff development培训和员工发展Flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Opportunities to travel 旅游机会Opportunities for promotion升职提拔机会Days off 几天短假Fact sheet 情况说明书Holding cmpany 控股公司Company car 公司配给的汽车Client service executive 客户服务主管Old and established 历史悠久Incumbent progamme 岗位培训课程Promote from within提拔内部员工Grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产Final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划Non-cash reward 非现金形式的奖赏Once-in-a-lifetime 千载难逢的，令人难忘的Career goal 职业目标Senior management 高层管理人员develop a good training progamme to keep the saff motivated通过开发良好的培训计划来提高员工的工作热情have flexible management of time and work 灵活安排自己的时间和工作learn from other people’s strong points 学他人所长Distribution centre 配送中心Call centre 呼叫中心，电话中心Document management文档管理Innovative technology 创新技术Mission statement 目标宣传Headerquarter 总部 subsidiary 子公司Brabch 分公司 corporation 公司，法人Working in a team needs to have good interpersonal skills and is not necessarily efficient.在团队工作需要有很好的人际交往技能，不一定效率就高。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Describe an interesting historic place.
You should say:
What it is
Where it is located
What you can see there now
& explain why this place is interesting.
Describe an interest or hobby that you enjoy.
You should say:
How you became interested in it
How long you have been doing it
Why you enjoy it
Describe a useful website you have visited.
You should say:
What the website was
How you found the address for this website
What the website contained
And explain why it was useful to you.
Describe a teacher who has influenced you in your education. You should say:
Where you met him/her
What subject he/she taught
What was special about him/her
& explain why this person influenced you so much
Describe a film or a TV program which has made a strong impression on you.
You should say:
What kind of film or TV program it was, e.g. comedy
When you saw the film or TV program
What the film or TV program was about
& explain why this film or TV program made such an impression on you.
Describe a memorable event in your life.
You should say:
When the event took place
Where the event took place
What happened exactly
& explain why this event was memorable for you.
Describe something you own which is very important to you You should say:
Where you got it from
How long you have had it
What you use it for
& explain why it is so important to you.
Describe something about yourself during an interview for a job. You should say:
Introduce yourself
What are your major, merits & demerits
What qualifications you got.。