高考英语中倒装句易考、易混点归纳与解析

高考中倒装句易考、易混点归纳与解析新教材和近几年的高考题，都强调语言的交际性和实用性，但高考并没有完全放弃语言形式，语言知识的测试。倒装句是历年高考的重要语法项目之一，仅2005年，倒装句考查的分值就高达10分，其重要性可见一斑。下面就高三一轮复习中对倒装句加以整体归纳，并就高考中倒装句易考、易混点加以解析。倒装句可分为完全倒装、部分倒装、9种特殊句式及表语前置几种形式。

一、完全倒装，就是将谓语动词完全搬到主语之前，它可以分3种形式：

(1)、方式副词out in up down away 置于句首需用倒装表强调。例如：

Out went the children

Away flew the plane .

(2)、there here now then 置于句首需用倒装。例如：

There goes the bell !

Now comes your turn

注：此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时

(3)表示地点和相当于地点的副词和介词短语置于句首，例如：

South of the river lies a small factory

In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions.

注：①全部倒装的句子谓语常为不及物动词

②全部倒装符合“名倒代不倒”的原则，即：名词做主语倒装，代词做主语不倒装。

二、部分倒装，就是把谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前，其倒装部分的结构常为：

系动词(am/is/are/was/were)+主语+其它（表语部分）

助动词(do/does/did/will/would)+主语+动词原形

助动词(have/has/had)+主语+动词的过去分词

情态动词(can/ may /need……)+主语+动词原形

共分为2种：

(1)only+状语（副词、介词短语、做状语的名词或短语及when where how why等引导的状语从句）置于句首时。如：

Only this afternoon did I finish the novel。

Only then did he understand it 。

Only after the war did he learn the sad news。

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in 。

注：①only只有后跟状语时才用倒装句

②only后跟状语从句时，倒装的是主句，而不是从句。

如：Only when did he return did we find out the truth(×)

Only when did he return we found out the truth(×)

(2)否定词never 、nor、not、hardly 、little、seldom、at no time、many a time、not once 等置于句首时。如：

Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark。

Not a single mistake did he make 。

Never before have I seen such a moving film。

注：部分倒装不考虑主语是名词还是代词

三、部分倒装句的9个特殊句型。

(1)、so引导的倒装句，时态、谓语形式应与前句保持一致，其结构为：

So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、,

and so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、、so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

意义为“、、、、、也如此”,倒如：

They love having lots of friends ; so do those with disabilities

He has been to Beijing . So have I .

He came last night, and so did I

注：如果表示“确实如此”只是对前句的一种肯定，就不用倒装句。其结构常为：so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词。如：

She has passed the exam . So she has

－It was hot yesterday

－so it was

(2)nor、neither引导的倒装句其时态、谓语形式应与前句保持一致，其结构有3种形式

Neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

And neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语

意义为：“、、、、也不这样”，例如：

Lily can’t ride ；neither/nor can Lucy

I don’t know how to swim 。Neither/nor does my sister。

注：在so引导倒装句的情况下，前句应为陈述句，在neither/nor引导倒装句的情况下，前句应为否定句，在前两种情况下，涉及的表语和实义动词常省略

它们两个的谓语动词只有一种形式，但如果前面句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词或不同形式的谓语动词时，或有两个以上的主语时则用：So it is/was with sb/sth或It is the same with sb/sth 。例如：

－Marx was born in Germany and German was his native languge。

－So it was with Engels(It is the same with Engels)。

(3)So+adj/adv……that…..用“如此、、、、以至于、、、、、”例如：

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood。

So care lessly does he drive that almost killed himself.

注：在这个句型中，so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装

(4)Not only…..but also…..“不仅、、、、而且、、、、”. 例如：

Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it

Not only was he forced to stay at home , but he was also forbidden to see his friends .

注意：①此句型也可写成Not only….but…..或Not only…..but….as well的形式，但是but(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序.

②Not only….but also….只有连接两个分句且置句首时才用倒装

(5)Not until….“直到、、、、才、、、”。例如：

Not until he returned did we have supper

Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep

注：这种句式需把not until连写且放在句首，如果until引导的是句子，从句不可用倒装，而是倒装主句。

(6)as引导的让步状语从句。其结构为：

adj/n/v+as++主+谓+其它，例如：

Pretty as he is , she is not clever

Try as he would , he might fail again

Child as he was , he had to make a living

注：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词且此句型主谓不可以倒装。

(7)Hardly….when…../No sooner…..than…..意义为：“一、、、、就、、、”，例如

No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in