分词作状语转换
分词作定语和状语-转换为从句
3.They lived in a house facing the south.
They lived in a hoபைடு நூலகம்se that faced south.
I.作定语的现在分词
4.The building being built will be our library. The building which is being built will be our library. 5.John, wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum. John, who was wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum.
非谓语动词一讲
作定语与状语的分词
分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)。
现在分词的结构
主动形式
一般式 doing 完成式 having done
被动形式
being done having been done
典型错误
1.Entering the room, nothing strange was found.
And she broke it into pieces.
5.Working hard, you are sure to make it.（条件）
If you work hard,
Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left,
IV.作状语的过去分词
III.作状语的现在分词
1.Reading the story, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
初中分词作状语的用法讲解归纳
初中分词作状语的用法讲解归纳很多同学都不太了解分词作状语的用法，小编整理了一些分词的知识点，大家一起来看看吧。
过去分词作状语用法归纳一、过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。
1. 作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。
如：Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden.2. 作条件状语时，可转换为once, if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。
如：Given more attention (= If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.3. 作原因状语时，可转换为because, as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。
如：Encouraged (= As she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.4. 作让步状语时，可转换为though, although 或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。
如：Left (= Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.5. 作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。
如：Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (= The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.)6. 过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等。
分词短语作状语
1.理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。
2.分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。
用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。
通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。
例如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.分词短语作时间状语：Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits.分词短语作原因状语：Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player.分词短语作条件状语：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.)2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。
例如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Though tired, he still continued reading.3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。
分词短语作状语讲解
分词短语作状语
【知识点解析】
四、用作让步状语 [典型例句] Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 [理解技巧]分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连 词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如： Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
_____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷)
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
【答案】B 【解析】此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reache【知识点解析】
[高考实例] (1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【答案】A 【解析】 faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble.
过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语知识点包括过去分词(短语)作状语、过去分词(短语)作状语的用法、过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的问题、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别、过去分词作表语等部分，有关过去分词(短语)作状语的详情如下：过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。
其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。
过去分词(短语)作状语的用法1．时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上when，while，until等，使其时间意义更明确；该状语可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。
从时间意义上看，该动作常表示先于谓语动作发生，也可与谓语动作同时发生。
Told that his mother was seriously ill，Li Ping hurried home quickly.被告知妈妈病得很严重，李平急忙跑回了家。
(先于谓语动作发生)Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.＝When(it is)seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。
(与谓语动作同时发生)2．原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。
Moved by the heroic deeds，the children couldn't help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。
Lost in thought，he almost knocked into a tree.由于陷入了沉思，他差点撞到树上。
高考英语过去分词作状语的用法
2. __C___ to sunlight for too much time will
do harm to one’s skin. (上海 2002)
A. Exposed
B. Haosed D. After being exposed
3. Prices of daily goods __B___ through a
4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. → __________________________ ___Q_u_e_s,thioenbeedcabmy ethteenpsoel.ice about the fire
而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被
动承受。因此, 该题应选D。
1. All the work _fi_n_i_s_h_e_d_, he sat down for a
coffee.
2. Everything __ta_k__e_n__ into consideration,
the event was a great event.
害的。
分词作定语可以转换成定语从句: •He worked as a worker building roads. (主动) = He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. •This is a picture painted by my father. (被动) = This is a picture which was painted by my father.
过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定 语，前后常有逗号。
状语从句和分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
现在分词作状语独立主格结构讲义-高三英语二轮复习
高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用（一）现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2：Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.仿写练习：看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。
1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后，Roy 决定向Jane道歉。
新概念2 非谓语动词 - 分词做状语 归纳总结
一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如：The students standing there are from Class Three.The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed inOctober.Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.Being ill, she can't go to work today.The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information2.现在分词的完成式由“having+动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having+been+动词过去分词”。
例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest.Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down.Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to takesome medicine with him wherever he goes.3.现在分词的否定式为“not+动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not+having +动词过去分词”,被动式的否定式为not+having+been+动词过去分词”例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.二、过去分词作状语过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。
分词或分词短语作状语用法
分词或分词短语作状语用法㈠分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示① Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.Put into use in April 2000 == When it was put into use in April 2000（时间状语）② Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network == Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network（原因状语）③ Given time, he'll make a fist-class tennis player.（条件状语）Given time == If he is given time④ Left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.Left at home == Although he was left （让步状语）① We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things.thinking that all children like these things.== and think that all children like these things.（伴随状语）② He earns a living driving a truck.driving a truck == by driving a truck. （方式状语）高考对分词用作方式状语考得③ He fired, killing one of the passers-by.He fired and killed one of the passers-by. （结果状语）④ He died, leaving his wife with five children.He died and left his wife with five children. （结果状语）⑤ It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. （结果状语）㈡有时为了强调，分词前会加when, while, if, unless, once, though, even if, as if 等连词一起作状语When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.Though tired, he still continued reading.Once published，this book will be popular with the students.㈢分词(短语) 与主语的关系主语一致：分词短语的动作由主句主语发出。
分词作状语的用法
分词作状语的用法可以肯定地说，分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。
历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。
因此，本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析，同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧，以帮助同学们掌握其用法。
一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home. 3. 高考实例When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。
二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
过去分词作状语解析
The professor sat there, surrounded by a lot of students. =The professor sat there, and he was surrounded by a lot of students.
(7)当过去分词(短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语 是句子主语。但如逻辑主语与句子主语不 一致时，须加上逻辑主语方能作状语，否 则，句子意思将不完整或不符合逻辑关系。 我们把加有自己逻辑主语的过去分词（短 语）称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting, you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou. The work finished, we went home.
(8) 以下几个词应注意： speaking,judging作悬垂状语时，不需和句 子主语保持一致。 Generally speaking, women live longer than men. Judging by her look, she was disappointed.
Considering(prep)考虑到 Considering the distance, he arrived early. Given(prep)考虑到；如果有 Given the chance, I would come to see you in America. Given their experience, they have done a good job.考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经 干的很好了。
Function----practice (3m)
•
put 1. The programs ____ (put) on yesterday evening
过去分词作状语的例句英语
过去分词作状语的例句英语一.过去分词（短语）作状语表示动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
1.表示时间：过去分词（短语）做时间状语，相当于一个时间从句。
例如：Asked about his family, he made no answer=When he was asked about his family, he made no answer.当问到有关他的家庭的情况时，他没有回答。
2.表示条件：过去分词（短语）做条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。
例如：United, we stand;divided,we fall=If we are united,we stand;if we are divided, we fall.团结，我们就能独立；分裂，我们必然倒下。
3.表示方式或伴随：过去分词（短语）做方式或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。
例如：The boy slipped out of the room, followed by his pet dog=The boy slipped out of the room and was followed by his pet dog.这个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。
4.表示让步：过去分词（短语）做让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
例如：Rejected many times, the man did not lose heart=Though the man was rejected many times, he did not lose heart.虽然被拒绝了很多次，这个人并没有失去信心。
5.表示原因：过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
例如：Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital=Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。
分词作状语——精选推荐
分词作状语⾮谓语动词——分词作状语精讲与精练Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.英语中，分词作状语主要分以下三种情况：⼀．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语⼀致，即为“分词作状语”⼆．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不⼀致，即为“独⽴主格”三．独⽴主格⼀般需⾃带主语，若省去其主语，则为独⽴主格中的特殊情况，即为“悬垂分词”分词作状语分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句⼦，表⽰动作发⽣的原因、时间、⽅式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1. 形式选择形式意义doing与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发⽣，或基本上同时发⽣。
having done与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
done与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时或⼏乎同时亦可表⽰状态。
having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与谓语动词同时发⽣，⼀般很少做状语，除⾮表⽰被动的动作正在进⾏或作原因状语置于句⾸。
分词的否定式是在⼀般式和完成式的前⾯加not (never)+分词The student sat there, not knowing what to do. (否定形式)辨析：done与being done Painted white, the room looks bright.Being painted now, the room can’t be lived i n.___________ (use) as a means of transport in China, the bike is very useful.___________ (use) by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.2. 句法功能常可转换成相应的状语从句。
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词用法精讲：分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词是指不作谓语，不具备时态和人称变化的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其中，分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式，常常被用作状语来修饰句子的主语、宾语或其他成分。
本文将重点讲解分词作为状语的用法和常见形式。
一、分词作状语的用途分词作为状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等不同的语义关系。
根据这些关系，分词可以用作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语和方式状语。
1. 分词作时间状语分词作时间状语时，可以表示动作发生的时间、顺序或同时性等。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Walking along the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.- Having finished my homework, I went out to play.- Having been a teacher for many years, he knows how to handle students.2. 分词作原因状语包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Being tired, she decided to take a nap.- Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looked magnificent.- The car crashed into a tree, causing serious injuries.3. 分词作条件状语分词作条件状语时，可以表示动作发生的条件。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Provided with enough resources, they can finish the project on time.- Weather permitting, we will have a picnic in the park.- Given the circumstances, I had no choice but to accept the offer.4. 分词作结果状语分词作结果状语时，可以表示动作的结果或效果。
分词作状语--独立主格
分词作状语分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。
在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。
Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。
(条件、时间)Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。
(原因)I stood there,listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。
(伴随)The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。
(行为方式)Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。
(3)分词作状语与主语的关系。
A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
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1、状语从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时:1.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连接词与主语并把be改为being. 即可。
As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.→Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.1.2、从句的主句主语与从句主语不同时，只要保留从句的主语，其它变化同以上1.1。
As he is still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him.→He being still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him.1.3、当从句是否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.2。
As he was no tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple.→No being tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple.2、当从句的谓语动词是进行时态（现在进行时态或过去进行时态）时:2.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的引导词与主语并去掉助动词be保留现在分词即可。
有时为了强调进行状态,亦在分词前保留being.While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.→While reading the book, he nodded from time to time2.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上2.1When he was giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel.→He giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel2.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.1与2.2 As Tom is not working in his office, No one receives the telephone.→Tom not working i n his office, no one receives the telephone.3、当从句中的谓语动词为一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的实义动词时：3.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句主语并将实义动词改为现在分词即可Look round when you cross the street.→Look round when crossing the street.3.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上3.1When they left the airport, we waved again and again to them.→They leaving the airport, we waved again and again to them.3.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在现在分词前加not，其他变化同以上3.1与3.2As he didn't know anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.→.Not knowing anything about the acc ident, he went to work as usual.4、当从句的谓语动词是一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的被动态时：4.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并去掉be保留过去分词即可。
As the teacher was surrounded tightly by a group of students, he couldn't get away.→Surrounded tightly by a group of students the teacher cou ldn't get away.4.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上4.1A. As the car was trapped in the sand, we had to go for help.→The car trapped in the sand, we had to go for help.4.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not外，其他变化同以上4.1与4.2 As he was not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night.→Not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night.5、当从句的谓语动词是完成时态(现在完成时与过去完成时)时：5.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并将had/has/have改为having即可。
After the writer had finished the book, he tried to find a publisher.→Having fi nished the book, the writer tried to find a publisher.5.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上5.1As the storm had destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.→The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.5.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，除在having前加not外，其他变化同以上5.1与5.2。
As he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.→Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.6、当从句中的谓语动词是被动语态完成式时：6.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与had been/have been/has been 并保留过去分词即可，有时也可只去掉从句中的连词与主语并将从句中的have/had/has 改为Having，这种方式是为了强调完成。
If the trees had been given more attention, they could have grown better.→(Having been) Given more attention, the trees would have grown better.6.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上6.1Although the sentence had been explained again and again, the students didn't seem to understand it yet.→The sentence(having been) explained again and again, the students didn't seem to understand it yet.6.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not或在having been 前加not外，其他变化同以上6.1与6.2As the old man hadn't been taken good care of, he wasn't living a happy life.→Not (having been) taken good care of, the old man wasn't living a happy life.7.当句子谓语是一个由and连接的并列动词时,为了强调两个动作同时发生,只要去掉and并将另一个动词改为现在分词即可.They often sat in the shade and smoked a cigarette in the late afternoon.→They often sat in the shade in the late afternoon, smoking a cigarette.使用独立主格结构的几点注意1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.5. 独立主格的时态问题独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。