应用化学专业英语-Lesson-2..只是分享
应用化学专业英语介绍
应用化学专业报告学院：理学院专业：应用化学学号：*****************Applied chemistry specialityOne、applied chemistry speciality - main courses: Training target：This specialized raise has the chemical basic theory, basic knowledge in strong experimental skills, can in scientific research institutions, colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions, engaged in scientific research, teaching and management work of the senior specialized talents.Training requirements：Students of this specialty mainly study the basic knowledge of chemistry, the basic theory, basic skills and related engineering knowledge, is the basic research and applied basic research of scientific thought and scientific experiment training, has good scientific literacy, have use knowledge and experimental skills in applied research, technology development and technology management of the basic skills.Main courses:Main subject: chemicalMain course:Inorganic chemistry、, analytical chemistry (including instrument analysis), organic chemistry, physical chemistry (including structural chemistry, chemical engineering foundation and chemical mapping.The main practice teaching links include production practice, graduation thesis, general arrangement and a week of twenty.Length of schooling: four yearsawarded degree：physical or Bachelor'sSimilar professional:chemical applied chemistry chemical biology molecular science and engineering chemical engineering and technology Two、Four chemistry：（Inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry）Inorganic chemistry：Inorganic chemistry relative to organic chemistry, the non carbon. However, some carbon compounds, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, carbonic acid compounds,cyanide and so on are still belongs to the category of inorganic chemistry. analytical chemistry：Analytical chemistry in chemistry basic theory and experiment technology as the foundation, and absorb the physical, biological, statistics, computer, automation and other aspects to enrich itself, so as to solve the content of science and technology proposed all sorts of analysis.The task of analytical chemistry(1) determining the material chemical composition, qualitative analysis(2) measurement of different components of content - quantitative analysis(3) characterization of physical chemical structure, form, energy state, structure analysis, the shape analysis, energy state analysis(4) representation composition, content, structure, form, energy state dynamics characteristics, dynamic analysisorganic chemistry：Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds and a basic subject. It mainly includes the organic compound classification, structure, naming, property, preparation, chemical reaction and reaction mechanism of law. Organic chemistry is an important branch of chemistry, it is at the molecular level teaching carbon molecular structure and their mutual conversion mechanism, products and their separation, identification and application of basic science, chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, environment, materials science support discipline. Is to create new material is an important subject. physical chemistry：Physical chemistry is a physical principle and experiment technology as the foundation, study the properties and behavior of chemical system, found and the establishment of physical chemistry chemical system of the special law of discipline. With the rapid development of science and the mutual infiltration between subjects, physical chemistry and physics, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry in the content are difficult to accurately demarcation line, so as to constantly create new branches, such as physical organic chemistry, biology, physics chemistry, chemical physics.Three、Applied chemistry specialty elective course: Organic synthesis, botany, colloid and surface chemistry, food chemistry, ecology, the university physics, management, professional English, plant chemistry, biological chemistry, polymer chemistry, and so on.Four、Professional teachers:Li yuqing、Li xianghong、Fuhui、Li huijuan、Liming、Liu shouqing、Liangkun、Chen yuhui、Leiran、and so on.Five、Applied chemistry employment direction：Applied chemistry professional graduates suitable to the petroleum chemical industry, environmental protection, commodity inspection, health and epidemic prevention, customs, medicine, fine chemical plant and other production, technical and administrative departments and the factories and mines enterprises engaged in applied research, technology development, production technology and management work; Can also to scientific research department and school engaged in scientific research and teaching work,。
应用化学专业英语-Lesson-2..
• Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms. All atoms of a given element are identical. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements.
• Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element.
• Chemical reactions involve only the rearrangement of atoms; atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
• Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom, which is small. Most of the mass of the atom is due to the nucleus.
• Electrons are located outside of the nucleus. Most of the volume of the atom is due to electrons.
Some Complex Ions
Name Carbonate Nitrate Phosphate Dihydrogen Phosphate Sulfate Sulfite Thiosulfate Perchlorate Chlorite Cyanide Chromate
应用化学专业英语课后练习题含答案
5.A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the components are evenly distributed throughout.
Answer: False.
Short answer
4.What is the difference between an acid and a base?
Answer: An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biological reaction, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
6.What is a heterogeneous mixture?
4.What is the definition of a chemical reaction?
Answer: A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
Chapter 2
True or False
3.The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Answer: True.
4.A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction itself.
Lesson 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas
• The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule is zero; in an ion, the sum is the charge of the ion.
• 【第三段】This “chemical alphabet” is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structures of various compounds has been accepted on its basis. A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in molecule of a substance and it is used addition (or in place ) of the name of the substance in question.
教学重点难点
专业英语词汇、专业词汇构词法、专业 英语特点、课文翻译。
inorganic [ˌinɔ:ˈgænik] adj.无机的 nomenclature [ˈnəumənˌkleitʃə] n.系统命名 法 oxidation [ˌɔksiˈdeiʃən] n.氧化 anion [ˈænaiən] n.阴离子 hydroxide [haiˈdrɔksaid] n.氢氧化物 cyanide [ˈsaiəˌnaid] n.氰化物 sodium [ˈsəudi:əm] n.钠 potassium [pəˈtæsi:əm] n.钾 suffix [ˈsʌfiks] n.后缀 prefix [ˈpri:fiks] n.前缀
应化专业英语(词汇)
Elements(元素)碳carbon氢hydrogen硫sulfur, sulphur氮nitrogen氧oxygen氟fluorine氯chlorine溴bromine碘iodine砷arsenic硅silicon磷phosphorus金gold银silver铁iron钴cobalt镍nickel钒vanadium铜copper铝aluminum, aluminium 钾potassium钠sodium镁magnesium钙calcium铅lead锌zinc铂platinum非含氧酸（尾缀-ic acid）氢氟酸hydrofluoric acid 氢氯酸，盐酸hydrochloric acid氢溴酸hydrobromic acid氢碘酸hydroiodic acid氢硫酸hydrosulfuric acid含氧某酸（尾缀-ic acid）碳酸carbonic acid硝酸nitric acid硫酸sulfuric acid磷酸phosphoric acid硼酸boric acid硫代硫酸thiosulfuric acid氯酸chloric acid溴酸bromic acid碘酸iodic acid铬酸chromic acid重铬酸dichromic acid含氧亚某酸（尾缀-ous acid）亚硝酸nitrous acid亚硫酸sulfurous acid亚磷酸phosphorous acid亚硼酸borous acid亚氯酸chlorous acid亚溴酸bromous acid含氧次某酸（前缀hypo-, 尾缀-ous acid）次磷酸hypophosphorous acid次氯酸hypochlorous acid次溴酸hypobromous acid次碘酸hypoiodous acid次硝酸nitroxylic acid次硫酸sulfoxylic acid含氧偏某酸（前缀meta-, 尾缀-ic acid）偏硼酸metaboric acid偏磷酸metaphosphoric acid偏硅酸metasilicic acid偏钒酸metavanadic acid含氧高某酸（前缀per-, 尾缀-ic acid）高氯酸perchloric acid高碘酸periodic acid高锰酸permanganic acid高铁酸ferric acid无机酸对应的盐（以-ic acid结尾的，-ate；以-ous acid结尾的，-ite）硫酸钠sodium sulfate亚硫酸钠sodium sulfite次硫酸钠sodium sulfoxylate次磷酸钠sodium hypophosphite偏磷酸钠sodium metaphosphateThe nomenclature of inorganic substances（无机物的命名）某化物（尾缀-ide）氧化物oxide硫化物sulfide氮化物nitride碳化物carbide氢氧化物hydroxide氟化物fluoride氯化物chloride溴化物bromide碘化物iodide氧化物一氧化碳carbon monoxide二氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化硫sulfur dioxide三氧化硫sulfur trioxide五氧化二氮dinitrogen pentoxide氧化铜copper oxide, cupric oxide, copper monoxide氧化亚铜cuprous oxide, copper(I) oxide, copper hemioxide氧化铁iron oxide, ferric oxide 氧化亚铁ferrous oxide硫化物硫化氢hydrogen sulfide 二硫化碳carbon disulfide硫化钠sodium sulfide氧化亚铁ferrous sulfide氯化物氯化氢hydrogen chloride四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride,tetrachloromethane氯仿，三氯甲烷trichloromethane, chloroform氯化钠sodium chloride氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride,aluminium trichloride氯化银silver chloride氯化亚铁ferrous chloride,iron(II) chloride, irondichloride氢氧化物氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide氢氧化镁magnesium hydroxide氢氧化铜cupric hydroxide, copperhydroxide, copper(II)hydroxideNomenclature of derivative（命名的衍生）醇（尾缀-ol, ~ alcohol）甲醇methanol, methyl alcohol乙醇ethanol, ethyl alcohol2-丙醇2-propanol1,3-丁二醇1,3-butanediol1,2,3-丁三醇1,3-butanetriol1,2-乙二醇1,2-ethanediol,glycol, ethylene glycol醚（~ ether）甲醚methyl ether乙醚ethyl ether异丙醚isopropyl ether叔丁醚tert-butyl ether甲乙醚methyl ethyl ether二苯醚diphenyl ether醛（~ aldehyde, 尾缀-al）甲醛methanal, formaldehyde乙醛ethanal, acetic aldehyde丙醛propanal, propyl aldehyde丁醛butyl aldehyde, butanal戊醛pentanal, valeraldehyde己醛hexanal, hexaldehyde苯甲醛benaldehyde, benzoicaldehyde酮（~ ketone, 尾缀-one）丙酮propanone, acetone丁酮butanone, methyl ethyl ketone戊酮pentanone, methyl propyl ketone2,4-己二酮2,4-hexanedione 1,4-环己二酮1,4-cyclohexanedione羧酸（尾缀-ic acid）甲酸methanoic acid, formic acid乙酸ethanoic acid, acetic acid 丙酸propanoic acid, propionic acid, ethylformic acid异丁酸i-butanoic acid, isobutyric acid, 2-methyl…戊二酸pentanedioic acid苯甲酸benzoic acid苯乙酸phenylacetic acid苯丙酸benzenepropanoic acid 对氯苯丙酸p-chlorophenyl propionic acid,p-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid 对羟基苯乙酸p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid羧酸盐（~ ester, 尾缀-ate）甲酸乙酯ethyl formate乙酸异丙酯isopropyl acetate 丙酸钙calcium propionate丁酸丁酯butyl butanate, butylbutyrate苯甲酸乙酯benzoic acid ethylester, ethyl benzoate异丁酸钠sodium isobutyrate酚（尾缀-ol）苯酚phenol1,3-苯二酚1,3-benzenediol,1,3-dihydroxybenzene1,2,4-苯三酚1,2,4-benzenetriol邻、间、对- ortho-, meta-, para-萘酚naphthol醇与酚的盐（尾缀-olate）甲醇钠sodium methanolate乙醇钾potassium ethanolate三异丙醇铝aluminumtriisopropanolate苯酚钠sodium phenolateNomenclature ofHydrocarbon（烃的命名）Meth：1Eth：2Prop：3But：4Pent：5Hex：6Hept：7Oct：8Non：9Dec：10正构normal, n-异构isomery, iso-, i-伯primary, pri-仲secondary, sec-叔tertiary, tert-季quaternary, quat-正丁基normal butyl, n-butyl异丁基isomery butyl, iso-butyl仲丁基secondary butyl,sec-butyl叔丁基tertiary butyl, tert-butyl叔戊基tertiary pentyl,tert-pentyl二甲基dimethyl三甲基trimethyl四甲基tetramethyl五乙基pentaethyl六丙基hexapropyl三叔丁基tri-tertbutyl二异丁基di-isobutyl烯烃（尾缀-ene）乙烯ethene, ethylene丙烯propene, propylene丁烯butene, butylene异丁烯iso-butene2-丁烯2-butene戊烯pentene2,4-二甲基-2-己烯2,4-dimethyl-2-hexene多烯烃（尾缀-adiene, -atriene）1,3-丁二烯1,3-butadiene1,4-戊二烯1,4-pentadiene2-甲基- 1,3-戊二烯2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene2-甲基-1,3,5-庚三烯2-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene乙炔ethyne丙炔propyne2-丁炔2-butyne4-甲基-2-戊炔4-methyl-2-pentyne环丙烷cyclopropane环己烷cyclohexane甲基环戊烷methyl-cyclopentane3-甲基环己烯3-methyl-cyclohexene1,4-环己二烯1,4-cyclohexadiene2-甲基-1,3-环己二烯2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene Petroleum refining(石油炼制)原油蒸馏petroleum distillation热转化thermal conversion催化裂化catalytic cracking催化加氢catalytichydroprocessing催化重整catalytic reforming气体加工gas processing油品精制oil refining原油蒸馏过程闪蒸flash distillation初馏primary distillation常压蒸馏atmospheric distillation减压蒸馏vacuum distillation闪蒸塔flasher, flashdistillation column, flash(ing)tower初馏塔primary distillationtower, primary fractionator常压塔atmospherictower/column减压塔vacuum tower/column汽提塔stripping tower, stripper再沸器reboiler加热炉heater, heating furnace换热器heat-exchanger热转化过程热裂化thermal cracking减粘裂化visbreaking蒸汽裂解steam pyrolysis焦化/焦炭化coking延迟焦化delayed coking, DC流化焦化fluid coking灵活焦化flexicoking焦化反应器coker, cokingreactor焦化汽油coker gasoline焦化柴油coker diesel焦化蜡油coker gas oil, CGO催化裂化过程流化催化裂化fluid catalyticcracking, FCC提升管反应器riser再生器regenerator沉降器disengager汽提段stripper zone催化裂化装置catalyticcracking unit催化裂化汽油FCC gasoline,catalytic gasoline催化裂化柴油FCC diesel催化裂化油浆FCC slurry裂化催化剂cracking catalyst催化剂失活deactivation ofcatalyst催化剂再生regeneration ofcatalyst待生催化剂spent catalyst再生催化剂regenerated catalyst催化加氢过程加氢处理hydrotreating, hydrotreatment加氢裂化hydrocracking加氢精制hydrofining加氢脱硫hydrodesulfurization, HDS加氢脱硫hydrodenitrogenation, HDN加氢脱氧hydrodeoxygenation, HDO加氢脱金属hydrodementallization, HDM加氢脱芳hydrodearomatization加氢异构hydroisomerization 部分加氢partial hydrogenation 选择性加氢selective hydrogenation循环氢recycle hydrogen补充氢make-up hydrogen新氢fresh hydrogen高压分离器high pressure separator低压分离器low pressure separator循环压缩机recycle compressor 催化重整过程重整装置/器reformer重整汽油reformed gasoline,reformate芳烃抽提aromatic extraction脱氢环化dehydrocyclization重整催化剂reforming catalyst气体加工过程烷基化alkylation碳四烷基化isobutanealkylation烷基化油alkylate醚化etherification聚合polymerization异构化isomerization油品精制过程溶剂精制solventrefining/treating溶剂精制油solvent-refined oil加氢精制hydrofining萃取脱硫desulfurization byextraction溶剂脱蜡solvent dewaxing溶剂脱沥青过程溶剂脱沥青solvent deasphalting脱沥青油deasphalted oil, DAO脱油沥青deoiled asphalt, DOA丙烷脱沥青propane deasphalting超临界溶剂脱沥青supercritical solventdeasphalting加工过程分类脱碳carbon rejection加氢hydrogen additionUnit1. The roots of chemistry（化学的起源）Atomism: 原子学说，原子论Derived from: 由…而来，起源于Be familiar with: 熟悉Be traced back: 追踪Bronze: 青铜Consist of: 由…组成Cube: 立方体Flammable: 易燃物，可燃的Geometry: 几何Mercury: 水银，汞Metric: 公制的Molecule: 分子Particle: 微粒，粒子Speculation: 思索，推测Theorem: 定理，原则Treatise: 论述，论文Benzene: 苯Isomer: 异构体Unit 6. the periodic table（元素周期表）Proton: 质子Electron: 电子Neutron: 中子Isotope: 同位素Element: 元素Indicate: 指出Periodicity: 周期性Tabulate: 制表V ertical: 垂直的Unit 7. acids, bases and salts （酸、碱、盐）Acid 酸Base 碱Salt 盐Citric acid 柠檬酸Lactic acid 乳酸Sour 酸性的Vinegar 醋Hydrochloric HCl Hydrogen 氢Carbon dioxide CO2Ion 离子Cation 阳离子Anion 阴离子Polar极性Hydronium水合氢离子Neutralization reaction 中和反应Alkaline 碱溶液Hydroxide OH-Unit 8. Chemical Bonds(化学键)Compound化合物Bond化学键—Ionic bond离子键—Covalent bond共价键—Polar covalent bond极性共价键Fiber纤维Cation (cat-ion) 阳离子Anion (ann-ion) 阴离子Nucleus原子核toxic有毒的affinity亲和力Unit 9. Chemical Kinetics:Basic concepts化学动力学：基本概念Kinetics 动力学Equilibrium (-bria)平衡Dynamic动态Forward reaction正向反应Reverse reaction逆向反应Reaction mechanism反应机理Activation energy活化能Rate of reaction反应速率Rate equation速率方程Concentration浓度Partial pressure分压Rate-determining step速率控制步骤Combustion燃烧Pre-exponential factor指前因子Reciprocal倒数Free energy自由能Enthalpy焓Entropy熵Parameter参数Differential微分Integrate整合Coefficient系数Unit 17. Crystallisation（晶体）Saturate饱和Supersaturate过饱和Solute溶质Solvent溶剂Solution溶液Solubility溶解度Yield产率Evaporation蒸发Labile不安定的metastable亚稳态Isomorphous同形的Homologues同族体Magma乳浆剂Diluent稀释剂Precipitant沉淀剂Unit 19. Solvent Extraction （溶剂萃取）Funnel 漏斗Chelates 螯合物Association 配位化合物Chromatography 色谱Terms 术语Hydrophilic 亲水性Hydrophobic 憎水性Electrostatic 静电Unit 21. Reactor Types（反应器类型）均相反应homogeneous reaction非均相反应heterogeneous reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction 基元反应elementary reaction 宏观反应macroscopic reaction 微观反应microscopic reaction 分子反应molecular reaction 可逆反应reversible reaction不可逆反应irreversible reaction,non-reversible reaction主反应main reaction副反应side reaction理想反应ideal reaction非理想反应non-ideal reaction一次反应primary reaction二次反应secondary reaction简单反应simple reaction复杂反应complex reaction平行反应parallel reaction顺序反应sequential reaction歧化反应disproportionationreaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction加成反应addition reaction重排反应rearrangementreaction裂化反应cracking reaction链/连锁反应chain reaction反应动力学reaction kinetics反应速率reaction rate快速反应quick reaction慢反应slow reaction瞬间反应instant reaction反应级数reaction order一级反应first order reaction二级反应second order reaction准/拟一级反应pseudo-firstorder reaction零级反应zero order reaction活化能activation energy频率因子，指前因子frequencyfactor, pre-exponential factor反应速率常数reaction rateconstant表观活化能apparentactivation energy阿累尼乌斯Arrheniusequation反应温度reaction temperature反应时间reaction time反应压力reaction pressure反应物浓度reactantconcentration原料转化率conversion of feed反应选择性reaction selectivity反应机理reaction mechanism反应途径reaction pathway自由基free radical正碳离子carbonium ion气相反应gas phase reaction气-液反应gas-liquid reaction气-液-固反应gas-liquid-solidreaction液-液反应liquid-liquidreaction平推流/活塞流piston/plugflow reactor全混流perfect mixing flow串联反应器reactors in series 并联反应器reactors in parallel 连续搅拌反应釜/槽式反应器continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床fluidized/fluid bed固定流化床confined fluidized bed移动床moving bed鼓泡床ebullated bed悬浮床/浆态床slurry/suspension bed滴流床trickle bed快速床fast bed输送床transport bed管式反应器tubular reactor塔式反应器column/tower reactorUnit operations（单元操作）传质过程蒸馏distillation吸收absorption吸附adsorption萃取extraction离子交换ion exchange膜分离membrane separation 传热过程换热heat exchange/transfer蒸发evaporation, vaporization传质、传热过程干燥dry, drying, desiccation 结晶crystallization增湿humidification减湿dehumidification动量传递沉降sedimentation, settlement 过滤filtration, filtering搅拌stir, agitate, mixing流态化fluidization塔类型气泡塔bubble column喷雾塔spray tower填料塔packed/filled column 板式塔plate/tray tower。
应用化学专业英语朱红军第二版课文翻译
应用化学专业英语朱红军第二版课文翻译Unit 7 Physical ChemistryPhysical chemistry is the study of the physical basis of chemical systems and processes. Modern physical chemistry is firmly grounded upon physica. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, electrochemistry, surface and solid state chemistry, and spectroscopy.物理化学是对化学系统和过程的物理基础的研究。
现代物理化学以物理为基础。
重要的研究领域包括化学热力学、化学动力学、量子化学、统计力学、电化学、表面和固体化学以及光谱学。
We have repeatedly referred to the energy effects accompanying chemicaland physical changes. Thermodynamics is the study of these energy effects in particular, it summarizes the relations between heat, work, and other forms of energy that are involved in all types of changes. The laws of thermodynamics can be used to predict whether a particular chemical or physicaltransformation is theoretically possible under a given set of conditions. Furthermore, if a study shows that a desired change will not occur under the conditions assumed, thermodynamic principles can be used to determine how the conditions can be altered to make the change theoretically possible.我们一再提到伴随着化学和物理变化的能量效应。
应用化学专业英语课文翻译
1.3 THE PERIODIC LAW周期律In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev (1834-1907) of Russia and Lothar Meyer (1830-1895) of Germany independently published their periodic arrangements of the elements. Both of these periodic arrangements were based on increasing atomic weights.译：1869年，俄罗斯的德米特里·伊万诺维奇门捷列夫（1834年至1907年）和德国的洛萨迈耶（1830至1895年）独立地出版了他们对元素的定期安排。
这两个周期的安排都是以原子量的增加为基础的。
At the time of Mendeleev's periodic table, about 63 elements were known. The brilliance and foresightedness of this work can be seen by the fact that Mendeleev left spaces between certain elements in his original table and predicted that these spaces would be filled by the discovery of new elements. He left a space for an undiscovered element after calcium and called the element eka-boron; another space was left under aluminum, which he called eka-aluminum; and another space under silicon, which he called eka-silicon. The term “eka” comes from Sanskrit meaning “one,” which Mendeleev used to indicate that the missing element was one place away in his table from the element indicated. Mendeleev even went so far as to predict, with high accuracy, the physical and chemical properties of those elements yet to be discovered. The three elements above were, in fact, discovered within his lifetime. Scandium (atomic number 21) was discovered in 1879 by Lars F. Nilson(1840-1899) of Sweden, and was found to correspond in properties to eka-boron; gallium (31) was discovered in 1875 by Lecoq de Baisbaudran (1832-1912)，and was found to correspond to eka-aluminum; and ger-manium(32)was discovered in 1886 by C.A. Winkler (1838-1904)，and was found to correspond to eka-silicon. The amazing way in which Mendeleev's predictions were fulfilled is illustrated in Table 1.2 which compares the predicted properties of eka-silicon with those of germanium.译：在门捷列夫的周期表中，大约有63种元素是众所周知的。
应用化学专业英语考试指南
化学化工基础部分题型和内容：一、词汇（英译汉）10个词语（10分）二、分子式（16*2分）包括常见非金属氧化物、酸、碱、盐、甲烷、乙烷等的英文表达三、英译汉（20分，4段）课文及课后作业四、化学方程式的英文表达（2个方程式、6分）反应类型：中和反应、氨的合成反应、取代反应五、根据课文内容回答问题（一个问题8分）1. characteristics for an ideal refrigerant. 一个理想的制冷剂的特点2. requirements a reaction must satisfy before it can be used in titrimetric analysis?必须满足要求的反应，才能在滴定分析方法3. reactions which can be used in titrimetric analysis.可在滴定分析中使用的反应专业部分：1.词汇（汉译英）10个词语（10分）2.英译汉（28分，4段）3.汉译英（10分，2句）插座socket 指示灯pilot lamp 甲醇methanol 共价键covalent bond稳态steady state反馈系统feedback system 配体ligand1.Figures 1 and 2 show that electrode potentials after 30 minutes immersion in salt solutionscontaining sodium nitrite at 1N and 0.1N levels of concentration, have all moved in the anodic direction as compared to the potentials just after immersion, while in the case of 10-3N concentration of sodium nitrite, this is so only in the case of salt solution containing 200ppm of sodium chloride.图1和图2表明，30分钟后，电极在盐含有亚硝酸钠在1N的和0.1N的解决方案，浸泡的浓度水平的潜力，都搬到了阳极方向，这一比例仅为浸泡后的潜力，而在10例- 3晚亚硝酸钠的浓度，这是所以只有在盐溶液中的氯化钠200ppm的情况下2.For each element an extended table, a reduced table and tables with notes and bibliographyare given. In the extended tables the different electrode-systems are arranged alphabetically according to the right-hand term of the electrode reaction.对于每个元素扩展表，减少表和注释和参考书目表给出。
应用化学专业英语
应用化学专业英语Cu—copper Fe—iron Hg—mercury Na—sodium K—potassium Ag—silverNaOH—sodium hydroxide KOH—potassium hydroxide Fe(OH)2—iron(Ⅱ)hydroxide Fe(OH)3—iron(Ⅲ)hydroxide NH4OH—ammonium hydroxideK3[Fe(CN)6]—potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ)K4[Fe(CN)6]—potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅱ)Ⅰ.Name the following1.(NH4)2CO3Ammonium carbonate2.N2O Nitrous Oxide3.H2SO4Sulfuric acid4.P4O6Phosphorus(Ⅲ)trioxide5.Al2O3Aluminium oxide6.SnCl4Tin(IV)chloride7.KHSO4Potassium hydrogen sulfate8.Cu2S Copper(Ⅰ)sulfide9.HClO4Perchloric acid10.BaCl2Barium chloride11.P4O10Phosphorus(Ⅴ)pentoxide12.NaH Sodium hydride13.Ca(MnO4)2Calcium permanganate14.PF5Phosphorus pentafluoride15.(NH4)2HPO4Diammonium hydrogen phosphateⅡ.Give formulas for the following1.ammonium sulfate(NH4)2SO42.barium iodide BaI23.iron(Ⅱ)sulfate Fe2SO44.potassium permanganate KMnO45.copper(Ⅱ)oxide CuO6.carbonic acid H2CO3Melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点1.Which particles play the most active role in chemical bonding?(a)electrons (b)neutrons (c)protons (d)valence electrons2.An ionic bond is formed when electrons are:(a)completely destroyed (b)compeltely transferred (c)divied (d)equally shared3.Due to the that Ionic compounds have strong intermolecular forces they are at room temperature.(a)bonded covalently (b)gases (c)liquids(d)solids 1-butene trans -2-butenecis -2-butene iso -butene (E )-2-butene (Z )-butene 2-methylpropene1.Draw structure that correspond to the following names.(a)2,2-dimethylpentane (b)4-isobutyl-2,5-dimethylheptane (c)(Z)-3-menthyl-2-octene (d)(2R,3S)-2,3-pentanediol2.Give the IUPAC name for each of the following structures.(e)(f)(E)-1-methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane(g)(h)(S)-2-chloro-butyraldehyde (2R,3R)-2,3-dichlorobutyric acid补充：(E)-2-chloro-3-methyl-2-octene Nucleophile亲核试剂carbocation碳阳离子Compressible可压缩的incompressible不可压缩的1.A chemical system can be studied from either a or a(n)viewpiont.(A)physical...chenical(B)molecual...atomic (C)Microscopic...macroscopic(D)Mechanic...kinetic2.Is a macroscopic science that studies the interrelationships between the various equilibrium properties of a stystem.(A)Kinetics(B)Thermodynamics (C)Statistical mechanics(D)Quantum chenistry3.In,the molecular and macroscopic levels are related to each other.(A)quantum(B)statistical(C)thermodynamics(D)kinetics4.thermodynamics studies.(A)heat,work,energy,and the changes they produce in the states of systems(B)The relationships between the molecules of a system(C)heat,work,temperature,and the energy they produce in the states of systems(D)heat,energy,and work5.For a(n)system,neither matter nor energy can be transferred between system and surroundings.(A)closed(B)open(C)isolated(D)none of the aboveⅠ.Translate the following from English into Chinese.(1)pollution of the atmosphere(2)nondegradable pollutant大气污染不可降解污染物(3)harmless pollutant(4)interacting chemicals无害污染物相互作用的化学物质(5)threshold level(6)sound pressure level限定值，阈值声压水平(7)speech interference(8)transmission path 语音干扰传输途径Translate the following from Chinese into English.(1)定性分析qualitative analysis (2)分析物analyte (3)准确度accuracy (5)反应速率reaction-rate (5)解吸附作用deserption (6)吸附absorption conduction 热传导convection 对流radiation 辐射Balance and classify each of the following chemical equations as a (1)combination reactions ,(2)decomposition reaction ,(3)displacement reaction ,or (4)partner-exchange reaction.(a))()(2243l O H s Fe H O Fe +→+)(4)(342243l O H s Fe H O Fe +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(b))()()(23g O s KCl s KClO +→)(3)(2)(223g O s KCl s KClO +→decomposition reaction 分解反应(c)steam and hot carbon react to form gasecous hyfrogen and gaseous carbon monoxide.)()()()(22g CO g H s C l O H +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(d))()()(4272aq HClO g O H g O Cl →+)(2)()(4272aq HClO g O H g O Cl →+combination reactions 化合反应(e))()()(22aq HBrO aq HBr O H l Br +→+)()()(22aq HBrO aq HBr O H l Br +→+decomposition reaction 分解反应(f))()()()()(43442243aq PO H s CaSO aq SO H s PO Ca +→+)(2)(3)(3)()(43442243aq PO H s CaSO aq SO H s PO Ca +→+partner-exchange reaction 复分解反应(g)Potassium reacts with water to give aqueous potassium hydroxide and gaseous hydroxide.)()(2)(2)(222g H aq KOH l O H s K +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(h)Solid magnesium carbonate decomposes to form solid magnesium oxide and gaseous carbon monoxide.)()()(23g CO s MgO s MgCO +→decomposition reaction 分解反应Abstract 摘要Results and discussion 结果与讨论Experimental实验References参考文献E-factor影响因素Journal of the American Chemical Society美国化学会志Journal of the Chemical Society化学会志Journal of Organic Chemistry有机化学杂志Tetrahedron四面体'\.._/ ( Wb川ache mical reaction?Acherr山al react i on occurs when subs'孟忘"(tlie reactants) collide （碰撞） with enough energy to rearrange to form different compounds （由e produc时． η1e change in energy由at occurs when a reaction take place is described by thermodynamics （热力学） and the rate or speed at which a reaction occ u rs is described by kfaetics （动力学） . Reactions in which the reactants and produc臼coexist are considered to be in equ山brium （处于平衡）. A chemical equation consists of the chemical formula （化学式） of the reactants，且目the chemical formula of the products. The two are separated by an 一一－ usually read as ”yielas·’and each chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign （加号） . Sometimes a triangle is drawn over the arrow symbol to denote energy must be added to the substances for the reaction to begin. Each chemical formula may be preceded by a scalar （数量的） coefficient ind i cating the proportion （比例） of that substance necessary to produce the reaction in formula. For instance, the formula for the burning of methane (C比＋ 202 →C02 + 2H20) indicates that twice as much 02 as C比is needed, and when they react, twice as much H20 as C02 will be produced.η1is is because during the reaction, each atom of carbon needs exactly two atoms of oxygen to combine with, to produce the C02, and every two atoms of hydrogen need an atom of oxygen to combine with to produce the H20. If the proportions of t he reactants are not respected, when they are forced to react, either not all of the substanc e used will participate in the react i on, or the react i on that will take p l ace will be different from the one noted in the equation.。
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展 Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis环境化学 Environmental Chemistry环境监测 Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry一、化工装置常用词汇一概论 introduction方案 (建议书 proposal可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品 (产品 product(final product副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划 engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET(技术表 technical data sheetTBA(技术评标 technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理 project managerLDE(专业负责人 lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单 Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单 material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包 basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing(diagram PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP (详细设计阶段 detail design phase二、工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description 工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation 气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization 压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a 无水的 anhydrous(a 外观 appearance 无色的 colorless(a透明的 transparent(a半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力 -应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附(收器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配(布器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶 (底层塔盘 top (bottom tray 挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器 , 旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter 带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier 气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯 (包括密封圈 , 杆等 trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀 (角式截止阀 angle valveY 型阀 (截止阀 Y-valve(Y-body globe valve 球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式 (薄片型 wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀 piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motoroperated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀 (自动放汽阀 (automatic air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block (shut-off, stop valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子 , 管件 , 法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔 (弧焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated valve (水龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀 (小阀 bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的 , 加强的 extra heavy (strong双倍加厚的 , 双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径 180°弯头 long radius return短半径 180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY 型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU 型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF] 法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面 ; 满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3. 管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀 ; 喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC] 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8 blind 爆破板 rupture disk 4, 其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜 , 紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS] 汇总表 summary sheet5. 设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout;plot plan 标高 , 立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X" 视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend 符号 symbol 件号 part n。
化学专业英语翻译
Lesson2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas无机合成命名法与化学公式Communication among chemists is simplified by an internationally accepted system of notation—chemical formulas.化学家之间的通信是由一个国际公认的符号系统简化—化学公式。
As you know，each of elements has its symbol derived from its Latin name and all chemists know what this symbol represents：如你所知，每个元素都有其符号从它的拉丁文名称派生的所有化学家知道这是什么符号代表：E.g Hg—hydrargyrum—in English speaking countries mercury，in German speaking countries QUECKSILBER，in Czech RTUT，in Slovak ORTUT.例如：Hg—汞—在英语国家里写作mercury，在德语国家QUECKSILBER，在捷克RTUT，在斯洛伐克ORTUT。
This “chemical alphabet”is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structure of various compounds has been accepted on its basis.这种“化学字母”是非常有用的，一种人工语言的各种化合物的结构表达式已被接受的基础上。
A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in a molecule of a substance and it is used in addition（or in place）of the name of the substance in question.化学式是原子物质的分子的数量和种类的代表，它是有关物质通常加成（或者取代）的名称。
应用化学专业英语（课后答案和课文翻译）
Unit 1 The Rootsof Chemis tryI. Compre hensi on.1.It can be inferred from this articl e whichone of the followi ng itemsi s not mainly basedon practi c al use C. Greekchemis try2. It was B. Empedo cless who firsti ntrod ucedthe idea that all things are not formed from just one elemen t.3. In the develo pment of Greekchemis t ry, D. Democri tus was the first one defini tingthe ultimatelyconsti tuent s of matter?4. Accord i ng to Plato, thereare B. 4 ―elemen ts‖ whosefacesare consti tuted by regula r polygons.5. In the last paragraph,authors thinkthat experi ment DD.can deal with the reacti ons by whichone substa n ce is converted into anothe rII. Make a senten ce out of each item by rearra nging the wordsin bracke ts.1.The purifi catio n of an organi c compou nd is usuall y a matter of consid erabl e diffic ulty, and itis necess ary to employ variou s method s for this purpos e.2.Scienc e is an ever-increa singbody of accumu lated and system atize d knowle dge and is also anactivi ty by whichknowle dge is genera ted.3.Life, afterall, is only chemis try, in fact, a smallexampl e of chemis try observ ed on a si nglemundan e planet.4.People are made of molecul es; some of the molecul es in people are rather simple wherea sothers are highly comple x.5.Chemist ry is ever presen t in our livesfrom birthto deathbecause withou t chemis t ry therei sneithe r life nor death.6.Mathem atics appears to be almost as humanki nd and also permea tes all aspect s of humanlife,althou gh many of us are not fullyawareof this.III. Transl ation.1.(a)化学过程；(b)自然科学；（c）蒸馏技术(a) chemic al proces s (b) natura l science (c) the techni que of distil latio n2.正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。
应用化学专业外语词汇
Aabscissa[æbˈsɪsə] n. 横座标 abundance n. 丰富, 充裕acceptor n. 接受体accumulator n. 储料器 acetic acid n. 醋酸, 乙酸 acknowledge v. &n. 致谢activation n. 活化acylation ['æsil] n. 酰化addition [əˈdiʃən] n. 加成反应adhesive [ædˈhisɪv, -zɪv] n. 粘合剂advancement n. 进展，增长advantageous adj. 有利的aerosol[ˈeərəˌsɔ:l, -ˌsɔl] n. 烟雾affinity [əˈfɪnɪti:] n. 亲合力agent [ˈeidʒənt] n. 试剂aldehyde [ˈældəˌhaɪd]n. 醛aldol[ˈældəul]n. 醛醇aliphatic acid [ˌæliˈfætik]n. 脂肪酸alkaline[ˈælkəlɪn, -ˌlaɪn] adj. 碱的alkaloid[ˈæl kəlɔid] n. 生物碱alkane[ˈælˌken]n. 烷烃alkene[ˈælki:n]n. 烯烃alkylation [ˌælkiˈleiʃ(ə)n]n. 烃化, 烷基化alkyl halide[ˈælkil][ˈhælaid]n. 烷基卤, 卤烷alkyne n. 炔alphabetic adj. 依字母顺序ambiguity n. 模糊, 意义不明确amide n. 酰胺amine n. 胺amino acid n. 氨基酸amorphous adj. 无定形analogue n. 类似物anhydride n. 酸酐aniline n. 苯胺anion n. 阴离子anomaly n. 异常，反常antibiotics n. 抗菌素antifreezing agent n. 抗冻剂antioxidant n. 抗氧剂appreciable adj. 可估计的architect n. 建筑师, 设计师arene n. 芳烃aromatic adj. 芳香的aromatization n. 芳构化asymmetric adj. 不对称的autooxidation n. 自氧化awarenness n, 意识azeotrope n.共沸混合物azo dye n. 偶氮染料Bbackup n. /adj 备用设备base n. 碱, 基, 底beaker n. 烧杯benzene n. 苯biological degradation n. 生物降解biosynthesis vt. 生物合成bleach vt. 漂白bond n. 键branched chain n. 支链budget n. & v. 预算bubble-cap tower n. 泡罩塔buffer n. 缓冲,缓冲剂Ccarbanion n. 负碳离子, 阴碳离子carbene n. 碳烯, 卡宾carbide n. 碳化物, 碳化钙carbocation n. 正碳离子, 阳碳离子carbonyl group n. 羰基carboxy group n. 羧基carboxylic acid n. 羧酸carcinogenic adj. 致癌的β-carotene n. β胡萝卜素carrier n. 载体cartridge n. 软片暗盒catalysis n. 催化(作用) cation n. 阳离子cellulose n. 纤维素ceramic adj/n. 陶瓷(的) chemical shift n. 化学位移chirality n. 手性chlorination n. 氯化作用chlorohydrocarbon n. 氯代烃chromophore n. 发色团cis-trans isomer n. 顺反异构体classic adj. 经典的, 传统的cluster n. 蔟，一串，一束coherent adj. 黏附的，相干的(光学) coil n. 蛇管colorant n. 颜料，着色剂commodity n. 用品compensation n. 补偿competitive n. 竞争的complementary n. 补充的complex n. 络合物complication n. 复杂concerted reaction n. 协同反应condensation n. 缩合反应condiment n. 调味品conformation n. 构象conjugation n. 共轭construction n. 建设, 建筑consultant n. 顾问consumer n. 消耗container n. 容器containment n. 抑制cooler n. 冷却器corporate adj. 共同的correlate n. 相关的事物cosmetic n. 化妆品counteract vt. 抵消，抵抗coupling reaction n. 偶合反应covalent bond n. 共价键critical adj. 临界的cumulative adj. 累积的，累加的customary adj. 通常的, 常例的cycloparaffin n. 环烷烃Ddecolorant n. 脱色剂decolorize v. 脱色degradation n.降解dehydration n. 脱水作用dehydrogenation n. 脱氢作用delocalization n. 离域作用denatured alcohol n. 变性酒精denominator n. 分母derivation n. 衍生，由来derivative n. 衍生物desorption n. 解吸作用destructive distillation 分解蒸馏detergent n. 洗涤剂developer n. 显影剂dextrorotary adj. 右旋的diazonium salt n. 重氮盐diazotization n. 重氮化作用dielectric adj.不导电的，n.电介质dipole n. 偶极directory n. 地址录disclose vt. 揭露, 揭发discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的disposal vt. 排出, 处理director n. 定位基dissolve v.溶解distillation n. 蒸馏dominant adj. 支配的，统治的donor n. 给体drastic n. 激烈的, 猛烈的droplet n. 液滴dyestuff n. 染料Eelectrophilic reagent n. 亲电试剂electrophobic adj 疏电子的electronegative adj 电负性的electron withdrawing group n. 吸电子基electrostatic adj. 静电的elimination n. 消除反应emulsion n. 乳剂endothermic adj. 吸热的enantiomer n. 对映体enzyme n. 酶epoxy adj. 环氧化的essential oil n. (香)精油ester n. 酯esterification n. 酯化作用ethanol n. 乙醇ether n. 醚, 乙醚ethyl n. 乙基ethylene n. 乙烯ethynyl n. 乙炔基evaluation n. 评价，估价evaporation n. 蒸发excitation n. 激发态exothermic adj. 放热的extract vt. 萃取extrapolation n. 推断Ffermentation n. 发酵fiber n. 纤维filament n. 细丝，丝状体filter n.过滤器，滤色片flare v. & n. 闪耀, 闪烁flavoring n. 香剂, 调味剂fluorescent n. 荧光fore adj. 先时的, 前部的formaldehyde n. 甲醛fossil n. 化石fractional distillation n. 分馏free radical n. 自由基fumigant n. 熏蒸(消毒)剂functional group n. 官能团furan n. 呋喃Ggeneralization n. 一般(性), 普遍(性) genetic code n. 遗传密码geological adj. 地质(学)的geomatrical adj. 几何学的glacial acetic acid n. 冰醋酸glucose n. 葡萄糖glycerol n. 甘油, 丙三醇graphics n. 图，制图法Hhabituation n. 习惯作用, 毒瘾halogenation n. 卤化hazardous adj. 危险的, 有危害的herbicide n.除草剂heterocyclic compound n.杂环化合物heterogeneous adj. 非均相的, 多相的hexagon n. 六边形highlight n. 光线明亮处hold-up n. 塔储量, 容纳量homologous series n. 同系列hormone n. 激素humectant n. 润湿剂hybrid n. 杂化hydration n. 水合作用hydrogenation n. 氢化作用hydrolysis n. 水解hydrophobic adj. 疏水的hydroxyl group n. 羟基Iidealize vt. 理想化inasmuch as adv. 因为, 由于indicator n. 指示剂indiscriminate adj. 不加选择的indol n. 吲哚inductive effect n. 诱导效应ineffective adj. 无效的, 低效率的infrared spectroscopy n. 红外光谱ingenious adj. 坦率的, 天真的ingestion n. 吸收, 吸入inlet n. 进口, 入口insecticide n. 杀虫剂insulin n. 胰岛素integrate vt. 积分，使...一体化interchangeable adj. 可互换的intermediate n. 中间体ion n. 离子isoelectric point n. 等电点isomer n. 异构体Jjacket n. 套, 夹套justification n. 认为正当, 正当的理由Kketone n. 酮Llactic acid n. 乳酸leakage n. 泄漏lesser adj. 较小的, 更少的lime n. 石灰lining n. 衬里, 衬料, 衬套link vt. 连接，键合liquefy vt. 液化lubricating grease n. 润滑脂Mmanipulation n. 操作, 操纵manuscript n. 稿子, 手稿mass spectroscopy n. 质谱mechanism n. 机理, 历程medium n. 介质, 培养基metallurgical adj. 冶金(学)的methane n. 甲烷methnol n. 甲醇methodology n. 方法论micelle n. 胶粒microorganism n. 微生物migrate vi. 迁移miscible adj. 可溶混的modification n. 修饰monomer n. 单体monosaccharide n. 单糖multiplet n. 多重峰multiplicity n 多重性Nnaphthalene n. 萘nitration n. 硝化作用nitric acid n. 硝酸nitrile n. 腈noble adj. 贵重的, 惰性的nomenclacture n. 命名法noteworthy adj. 显著的nucleophile n. 亲核试剂nucleic acid n. 核酸neutralization n. 中和numerator n. (数学上) 分子nutrient n. 营养素, 养分Oobservable a. 可观察到的octane number n. 辛烷值olefin n. 烯烃optical activity n. 旋光性optics n. 光学optimum n. 最佳条件orbital n. 轨道organometallic compound 金属有机化合物originate vi./vt. 起源outermost adj. 最外层的，远离中心的overhead n. 塔顶馏出物overheat vt. 过热overlap vt. 重叠oxidation n. 氧化作用ozonide n. 臭氧化合物ozonolysis n. 臭氧分解Pparaffin n. 链烷烃, 石蜡peptide n. 肽perfume n. 香料peroxide n. 过氧化合物persistence n. 坚持, 固执pesticide n. 杀虫剂pharmaceuticals n. 药物phenol n. 苯酚phenoxide n. (苯)酚盐phenylsulfonic acid n. 苯磺酸phosphoric acid n. 磷酸photochemical reaction n. 光化学反应photochromism n. 光致变色photoconductivity n. 光电导性pigment n. 颜料pink n. 粉红色polyamide n. 聚酰胺polarization n. 极化作用polyhydric alcohol n. 多元醇polymerization n. 聚合作用precipitate vi. /n. 沉淀preservative n. 防腐剂prolong vt. 延长, 拖延propellant n. 推进剂prospective adj. 预期的, 有希望的protecting group n. 保护基purity n. 纯度pyridine n. 吡啶pyrolysis n. 热解pyrrole n. 吡咯Qquantify vt. 使量化，确定数量quaternary ammonium salt n. 季铵盐quench vt. 淬灭quinoline n. 喹啉Rracemization n. 外消旋作用reagent n. 试剂realization n. 实现recover vt. 回收recrystallization n. 重结晶rectifier n. 精馏器reduction n. 还原(作用) reflux n. 回流refract vt. 折射refrigerant n. 冷冻剂remainder n. 剩余物, 残余部分的replica n. 复制品，拷贝resolution n. 分辨, 拆开restrictive adj. 限制性的ribonucleic acid n. 核糖核酸(RNA) rigorous adj. 严厉(格)的Ssaccharin n. 糖精saponification n. 皂化(作用) screen n. 筛子, 屏幕seal n. 密封(垫) segment n. 部分, 链段selectivity n. 选择性settle vt. (使)沉淀, 澄清setup vt. 装置, 装配sewage n. 污水silica gel n. 硅胶singlet n. 单重峰skeleton n. 骨架solubility n. 溶解度solvant n. 溶剂化物solvent n. 溶剂, 有溶解力的sophistication n. 复杂spectroscopy n. 光谱spin-spin coupling n. 自旋-自旋偶合stabilization n. 稳定作用stereoisomerism n. 立体异构现象steric factors n. 位阻因素, 空间因素still pot n.蒸馏釜stoichiometric adj. 化学计算的straightforward adj.一直向前, 正直的substituent n. 取代基substitution reaction n. 取代反应sucrose n. 蔗糖sulfa drug n. 磺胺药sulfonation n.磺化作用sulfuric acid n. 硫酸supervisor n. 导师, 监督人, 主管人suspension n. 悬浮液sweetener n. 增甜剂symmetry n. 对称性symposium n. 座谈会syn addition n. 顺式加成Ttar n. 焦油(沥青)tartaric acid n. 酒石酸tautomerism n. 互变异构现象terpene n. 萜烯tertiary adj. 叔的, 第三的tetrahedron n. 四面体thiazole n. 噻唑thiophene n. 噻吩toluene n. 甲苯toxicity n. 毒性transesterification n. 酯交换反应transition state n. 过渡状态tray n. 盘, 分馏塔盘triplet n. 三重峰trivial adj. 轻微的Uultraviolet-visible spectroscopy n. 紫外-可见光谱unify vt. 统一urea n. 尿素Vvalidate vt. 使生效vaporize vt.蒸发versatile adj. 多方面的vice versa adj. 反之也然vinegar n. 醋violate vt. 破坏，侵害Wwhereas conj. 而, 却, 鉴于withdraw vt. 拉, 提取, 取出withdrawal n. 收回，撤回Xxerography n. 静电复印法Yyeast n. 酵母Zzymochemistry n. 酶化学。
应用化学专业英语
Ensure language is precise, objective, and free of grammar and spelling errors Use appropriate chemical termination
Experimental report writing
Literature reading skills
Analyze the structure of the article
Skim through the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections to get a general understanding of the article
Identify the main points
Pay attention to the main findings, conclusions, and experimental design to understand the significance of the article
Take notes
Special Considerations
Include raw data, tables, figures, and any deviations from the protocol Follow the institutional reporting guidelines
Summary and Introduction Writing
CHAPTER
Academic paper writing
Purpose
To communicate chemical research findings to other disciplines and professionals
应用化学专业英语（课后答案和课文翻译）
应用化学专业英语（课后答案和课文翻译）Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.It can be inferred from this article which one of the following items is not mainly based on practical use C. Greek chemistry2. It was B. Empedocless who first introduced the idea that all things are not formed from just one element.3. In the development of Greek chemistry, D. Democritus was the first one definiting the ultimately constituents of matter?4. According to Plato, there are B. 4 ―elements‖ whose faces are constituted by regular polygons.5. In the last paragraph,authors think that experiment DD.can deal with the reactions by which one substance is converted into anotherII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also anactivity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a singlemundane planet.4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereasothers are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there isneither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life,although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a)化学过程；(b)自然科学；（c）蒸馏技术(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。
应用化学专业术语-中英对照
1. Applied Chemistry 应用化学2. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理3. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂4. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂5. The pH Scales pH值6. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应7. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对8. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度9. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱10. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解11. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液12. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应13. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量14. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成15. Solubility 溶解度16. The Solubility-Product Constant K sp溶度积常数17. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离18. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀19. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应20. Half-Reaction 半反应21. Galvani Cell 原电池22. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池23. Cell EMF 电池电动势24. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量25. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理26. Electron Configurations 电子构型27. The Periodic Table 周期表28. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应29. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物30.Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数31. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律32. Radius of Atoms 原子半径33. Ionization Energy 电离能34. Electronegativity 电负性35. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷36. Electron Affinities 亲电性37. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论38. Covalence Bond 共价键39. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠40. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道41. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论42. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型43. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道44. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子45. Bond Length 键长46. Bond Order 键级47. Bond Angles 键角48. Bond Enthalpies 键能49. Bond Polarity 键矩50. Dipole Moments 偶极矩51. Polarity Molecules 极性分子52. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子53. Crystal Structure 晶体结构54. Non-Crystal 非晶体55. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积56. Metallic Solids 金属晶体57. Metallic Bond 金属键58. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式59. Ionic Solids 离子晶体60. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力61. Molecular Forces 分子间力62. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力63. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键64. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体65. Compounds 化合物66. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构67. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型68. Isomerism 异构现象69. Structural Isomerism 结构异构70. Stereoisomerism 立体异构71.Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布72. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物73. General Characteristics 共性74. s-Block Elements s区元素75. Alkali Metals 碱金属76. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属77. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物78. Hydroxides 氢氧化物79. p-Block Elements p区元素80.Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）81. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）82. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物83. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）84. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）85. Sulfides 硫化物86. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）87. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物88. The Noble Gases 稀有气体89. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物90. Transition Metals 过渡金属91. f-Block Elements f区元素92. analytical chemistry 分析化学93. qualitative analysis 定性分析94. quantitative analysis 定量分析95. chemical analysis 化学分析96. instrumental analysis 仪器分析97. titrimetry 滴定分析98. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法99. regent 试剂100. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析101. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析102. on-line analysis 在线分析103. macro analysis 常量分析104. characteristic 表征105. micro analysis 微量分析106. deformation analysis 形态分析107. semimicro analysis 半微量分析108. systematical error 系统误差109. routine analysis 常规分析110. random error 偶然误差111. gross error 过失误差112. normal distribution 正态分布113. deviation偏差114. precision精密度115. relative standard deviation相对标准偏差（RSD）116. coefficient variation变异系数（CV）117.confidence level置信水平118. confidence interval置信区间119. significant test显著性检验120. significant figure有效数字121. standard solution标准溶液122. titration滴定123. stoichiometric point化学计量点124. titration error滴定误差125. primary standard基准物质126. amount of substance 物质的量127. chemical equilibrium化学平衡128. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式129. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论130. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法131. dissociation constant解离常数132. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对133. hydronium ion水合氢离子134. electrolyte 电解质135. ion-product constant of water水的离子积136. ionization电离137. proton condition质子平衡138. buffer solution缓冲溶液139. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂140. coordination compound配位化合物141. center ion中心离子142. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数143. alpha coefficient酸效应系数144. overall stability constant 总稳定常数145. ligand 配位体146. side reaction coefficient副反应系数147. coordination atom配位原子148. coordination number 配位数149. lone pair electron孤对电子150. metal indicator 金属指示剂151. masking掩蔽152. demasking解蔽153. oxidation氧化154. catalyst催化剂155. reduction还原156. electrode potential电极电势157. redox couple 氧化还原电对158. redox indicator氧化还原指示159. oxygen consuming耗氧量（OC）160. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 161. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)162. precipitation 沉淀反应163. argentimetry银量法164. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡165. spectrophotometry分光光度法166. transmittance透光率167. absorptivity吸光率168. absorption cell吸收池169. bathochromic shift红移170. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数171. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应173. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应174. open chain compound 开链族化合物175. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论176. chiral molecule 手性分子177. tautomerism 互变异构现象178. chemical shift 化学位移179. Enantiomorph 对映体180. addition reaction 加成反应181. dextro- 右旋182. levo- 左旋183. stereochemistry 立体化学184. stereoisomer 立体异构体185. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂186. covalent bond 共价键187. conjugated double bond 共轭双键188. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道189. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物190. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应191. valence bond theory 价键理论192. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基193. Huckel rule 休克尔规则194. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验195. infrared spectrum 红外光谱196. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应197. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃198. Polymer 聚合物199. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法200. Newman projection 纽曼投影式201. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物202. aromatic character 芳香性203. Claisen condensation reaction 克莱森酯缩合反应204. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排205. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应206. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原207. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应208. positional isomers 位置异构体209. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应210. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应211. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程212. conformation 构象213. confomational isome 构象异构体214. nucleophilic substitution reaction 亲核取代反应215. active intermediate 活性中间体216. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则217. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构218. inductive effect 诱导效应219. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂220. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用221. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物222. elimination reaction 消除反应223. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振224. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子225. leaving group 离去基团226. optical activity 旋光性227. boat confomation 船型构象228. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应。
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11H
proton ['prəʊtɒn]
21H
deuterium [djuː'tɪərɪəɪtɪəm]
原子序数 元素符号 中文名称
英文名
1
H
氢 Hydrogen ['haidrədʒən]
2
He
氦 Helium ['hi:liəm]
3
Li
锂 Lithium ['liθiəm]
•element [‘elimənts] 元素 •compound [‘kɔmpaund, kəm’paund] 化合物 •rearrangement [‘riːə’reɪndʒmənt] 重排
The Discovery of Atomic Structure
• Atom consists of positive, negative, and neutral entities (protons, electrons, and neutrons).
• Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element.
• Chemical reactions involve only the rearrangement of atoms; atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
应用化学专业英语-Lesson-2..
1、彩烟是什么材料做的？ 白色烟剂：柴油、润滑油、煤油甚至豆油等油液，都可以制成白色烟剂 。 彩色烟雾=白烟+各色染料
固体彩烟：颜色相对较淡，留空时间也短。 液体拉烟剂，理论拉烟时间7分钟。
2、彩烟是怎么喷出来的？ 飞机机腹下加挂了一个液体拉烟吊舱，注入了高沸点的液体拉烟剂， 通过氮气加压的方式将烟剂从拉烟喷嘴里“吹”出来，送入发动机喷出的 高温燃气中，形成的蒸气遇冷后凝结成雾，就成为浓浓的彩烟。飞机发动 机喷出的燃气与拉烟剂完美配合，最终形成喷烟。
24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr
铬 Chromium 锰 Manganese 铁 Iron 钴 Cobalt 镍 Nickel 铜 Copper 锌 Zinc 镓 Gallium 锗 Germanium 砷 Arsenic 硒 Selenium 溴 Bromine 氪 Krypton
11 Na 钠 Sodium
12 Mg 镁 Magnesium
13 Al 铝 Aluminum
14 Si 硅 Silicon
15
P 磷 Phosphorus
16 S 硫 Sulfur
17 Cl 氯 Chlorine
18 Ar 氩 Argon
19
K 钾 Potassium
20 Ca 钙 Calcium
4
Be
铍 Beryllium [bə'rɪlɪəm]
5
B
硼 Boron
['bɔ:rɔn]
6
C
碳 Carbon ['kɑ:bən]
7
N
氮 Nitrogen ['naitrədʒən]
8
O
氧 Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]
9
F
氟 Fluorine ['fluəri:n]
10
Ne
氖 Neon
['ni:ən]
(number of protons + number of neutrons). • Isotopes are atoms of the same element (Z) with different
numbers of neutrons (A) in the nucleus. isotope [‘aɪsətəʊp] 同位素
•atom ['æ təm] n. 原子 •proton ['prəutɔn]n. 质子 •nucleus [‘nju:kliəs] 原子核
The Modern View of Atomic Structure
Isotopes, Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers
• Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in the nucleus. • Mass number (A) = total number of nucleons in the nucleus
1. Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1808)
• Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms. All atoms of a given element are identical. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements.
3、彩烟会不会造成污染？ 过去，有些拉烟剂拉出来的颜色非常漂亮，红的、黄的、绿的，但是 由于里面有含毒的成分，可能污染环境，对人体有害，后来这样的拉烟剂 都被淘汰了。
Review the Lesson One
Atoms, and Periodic Table
The Atomic Theory of Matter
• Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom, which is small. Most of the mass of the atom is due to the nucleus.
• Electrons are located outside of the nucleus. Most of the volume of the atom is due to electrons.
21 Sc 钪 Scandium
22 Ti 钛 Titanium
23 V 钒 Vanadium
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