状语从句讲义

状语从句

在复合句中，用于修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式九类。状语从句可位于主语之前，也可位于主语之后。前置时，从句后用逗号与主句分开；后置时，与主句之间无标点符号。

一、时间状语从句

时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句，引导时间状语从句的连词有when/while/as、before/after、till/until、(ever) since等。

1、when, while, as conj.当…时

When I got home, my family were already having dinner.

When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.

He waved a hello when he saw her.

When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.

You are always welcome whenever you come.(when的强势用语) Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. (whenever是when 的强势用语)

He was about to go to bed when the door bell rang.

They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.

They had just arrived home when it began to rain.

Strike while the iron is hot.

She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.

The thief was caught as/when he was stealing in the supermarket.

I saw Jim as/when he left the meeting room.

He looked behind from time to time as he went.

I saw him as he was getting off the bus.

注意：when/while/as除了表示“conj.当…时”之外，还有一些其它的意思，如下：A．有时when表示“conj.虽然，尽管”的含义，相当于although或though，引导让步状语从句<慎用！>。

He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。

B.while/whereas有时表示“conj.然而”，表示对比，引导比较状语从句。while/when/whereas 有时可表示“conj.虽然”，引导让步状语从句<慎用！>。

I am fond of English while/whereas he likes maths.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。While they love te children, they are strict with them.虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。

C．①as表示“conj.随着”。②as表示“conj.既然,由于”，引导原因状语从句。③as 表示“conj.虽然,尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句通常倒装。④as表示“conj.像,按照,如同”，引导方式状语从句。

As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.(conj.随着)

You will grow wiser as you grow older.(conj.随着)

As you are tired, you had better rest.(conj.既然,因为)

Rich as he is, he is not happy.(conj.虽然,尽管)

Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.(conj.虽然,尽管)

Run as I do.(conj.像)

Leave it as it is.(conj.像)

*with 是“prep.随着”，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。

It always changes with the temperature.它总是随着温度而变化.

Good wine will improve with age. 佳酿越陈越醇.

Skill comes with experience. 经验越多, 技巧越熟练.

2、before/after conj.在…之前/conj.在…之后

You must finish all the work before I go home.

You must first learn to walk before you try to run.

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.

He ran off before I could stop him.

Take it down before you forget it.

Let's play football after school is over.

The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.

3、till/until conj.直到…

(1)．当until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到…为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。We shall wait until/till he comes back.

Everything went well until/till that accident happened.

(2)．当until/till用于否定句，构成not…until/till结构时，表示“直到…才”，主句通常要用短暂动词。

I didn't leave until/till she came back.

Bells don't ring till/until you strike them.

People do not know the value of their health till/until they lose it.

注意：

A.until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首,也就是till一般不用于句首。

B.当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。

Not until she stopped crying did I leave.

直到她不哭了，我才离开的。

C.在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她

4．(ever)since conj.自从

since“conj.自……以来”，表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。

Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.

It has been just a week since we arrived here.

Where have you been since I last saw you.

Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.(ever since语气比since强)

注意：

A.有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。

Tom is now working on the farm. It's two years since he was a college student. 汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。