词法翻译

合集下载

翻译技巧一词法翻译法

翻译技巧一词法翻译法

翻译技巧一词法翻译法词法中文翻译法是一种将英文涉及的词法结构准确转换成中文的翻译方法。

以下是一些词法翻译的技巧:1.词性转换:根据英文词的词性,在中文中选择相应的词性来进行翻译。

例如,将英文动词翻译为中文动词,将英文名词翻译为中文名词等。

2.词序调整:英语中的语序往往与中文不一致,因此在翻译过程中需要调整词语的顺序。

例如,在英文中形容词通常在名词之前,而在中文中通常在名词之后。

3. 词义转换:有些词在不同的语言中具有不同的意义,因此需要根据上下文选择合适的词义进行翻译。

例如,英文单词“present”既可以指“礼物”,也可以指“现在”。

在翻译时需要根据具体语境选择合适的中文词义。

4. 拆分合并:有些英文词在中文中需要拆分成多个词进行翻译,反之亦然。

例如,英文单词“breakfast”可以拆分成“早餐”进行翻译,中文词组“飞机场”可以合并成英文单词“airport”。

5.排序问题:中文和英文在表达时间、地点等信息时,顺序不同。

在翻译过程中需要注意将这些信息按照正确的顺序表达出来。

6. 同音词替换:有些英文词在发音上与中文词相似,可以使用同音词进行翻译。

例如,英文单词“flower”可以使用中文词“花”进行翻译。

7. 翻译成习惯用语:有些英文词没有直接对应的中文词,可以根据上下文和中文语境,将其翻译成习惯用语。

例如,英文表达“keep your chin up”可以翻译成中文的“保持乐观”。

总之,词法中文翻译法需要考虑词性转换、词序调整、词义转换、拆分合并、排序问题、同音词替换和翻译成习惯用语等方面的技巧,以确保翻译准确、地道。

英译中技巧

英译中技巧

英译中翻译技巧一、翻译总的原则1. 表达应建立在理解的基础上。

2.翻译时既要忠实于原文,又要符合汉语的习惯。

3.翻译不可太拘泥于原文的形式。

二、翻译技巧1.词法翻译1.1增词译法为使译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致起来,使得译文在与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,需在原文的基础上添加必要的词、词组、分句或完整句。

e.g. 1) They were frank and candid with each other in a relaxed way.译文:他们相互之间开诚布公、直言不讳而且气氛十分轻松。

2)Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.译文:准备工作完成不了,那可怎么办?3)Our rushing is understandable, but costly.译文:人们的忙碌是可以理解的,但是为此付出的代价却是昂贵的。

试比较:1) 他喜欢指出别人的缺点,但用意是好的。

译文:He likes to point out other people’s shortcomin gs, but he means well.(增加主语)2)屋里准有人,我听见有人声。

译文:There must be someone in the room, for I heard a voice. (增加连接词)说明:增词译法在英译汉中主要是添加原文中虽无形式却意在其中的成分;在汉译英中一般是增添原文中为了语言简洁而被省去的成分如,主语、宾语、物主代词、连接词、介词等1.2减词译法就是把原文中需要的译文中不需要的词、词组等在翻译时加以省略,以适应译文语法和习惯表达法的需要。

e.g. 1)One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.(省略主语)译文:要掌握一门外语,非下苦功不可。

词法翻译

词法翻译
词法翻译
Amplification(增词法) (增词法)
By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic construction—to secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completion—to secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.
(一)英译汉常用的增益法
I.增加原文中省略的部分 1. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt that the atom can be split and its power used. (power后省略了can be) 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来,全世界都已知道, 原子可以分裂,原子能可以 可以利用。 可以 2. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.(money后省略了are soon parted) 愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃 很快放弃手里 很快放弃 的钱。

第二章 翻译技巧:词法翻译法

第二章 翻译技巧:词法翻译法

一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文,拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。

1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中,school 是“学派”的意思,而不是“学校”的意思;2.在1996年74)题elegant system 中,elegent是“完美,完善”的意思,而不是“优雅”的意思;3.在2001年75)题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中,smart 是“智能化”的意思,而不是“聪明”的意思;4.在2003年75)题like the concept of set in mathematics 中,set 是“集,集合”,而不是“一套,放置”等意思;5.在2004年62)题we are obliged to them 中,obliged是“感谢,感激”,而不是“被迫”的意思。

词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。

例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。

例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。

例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。

例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。

例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。

例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。

例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。

翻译技巧一:词法翻译法

翻译技巧一:词法翻译法

词义的选择
英语与世界上任何一种语言一样 都存在着一词多义的现象。所谓 一词多义,是指同一个词在同一 种词性中,具有几个不同的词义。 在英语与汉语中,很难找到一词 一义的对应情况,这就需要在翻 译过程中理解英语原文中单词的 意思,然后努力地寻找在汉语中 与这个英语单词具有相同意义的 常用表达方法。就home这个词而 言,大多数人都知道有“家”的 意思,但是,上下文不一样, home的翻译就完全不一样。
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Байду номын сангаас
delicate vase 容易碰碎的花瓶 delicate diplomatic question 微妙的外交问题 delicate surgical operation 难做的外科手术 delicate ear for music 对音乐有鉴赏力 delicate sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉 delicate food 美味的食物

• • •

(一)根据词性确定词义
• 如:book这个单词,在作名 词时,意思是“书,书籍”; 用作动词却常表示“预订, 预约”的意思。又如:while 作连词时,有 “当...的时候, 而,虽然”等意思;作名词 时,却指“片刻,一会儿”; 作动词,又有“消磨”的意 思。遇到这种情况,如果不 弄清楚词性,常常就会将词 义搞错,进而影响原文的正 确理解和准确翻译。因此在 翻译中,我们可以根据语法 关系来辨别关键词的词性, 以便能准确的判断词义。
动词work在翻译时如果上下文不同,汉语习惯搭配也不一样,翻译时应 该选择不同的词义来表达。 • I think your suggestion will work. 我想你的建议行得通。 • The new treatment works like magic. 新疗法疗效神奇。 • My watch doesn‟t work. 我的表不走了。 • The sea works high. 海浪汹涌起伏。 • She worked her way to the front. 她好不容易才挤到前面。 • The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones. 松树的树根在石缝间扎下去。 • The new regulation is working well 新规定执行得很顺利。

第二章 词法翻译一般技巧(1--7法)

第二章 词法翻译一般技巧(1--7法)


18)一语道破
hit the nail on the head


19) 充耳不闻 20) 出人头地 21) 吹毛求疵 22) 破釜沉舟 23) 大惊小怪 24) 大海捞针 25) 颠倒黑白 26) 得意忘形 27) 攀龙附凤 28) 大发雷霆 29) 骑虎难下 30) 视而不见
委员会提出那个提案,他们就把它否 决了。
They killed the motion when it came from the committee.
5)不顾具体搭配
由于不同语言有不同的选择限制,汉英两种语言中 某些对应的词语搭配范围是不尽相同的。 首先,使用范围大小不同。 其次,可引申的程度或引申义不同。 最后,上下义词的搭配分工不同。在汉语中泛指一 般动作的动词只能与泛指一般事物的名词搭配,表 示具体动作的动词往往只能与表示具体事物的名词 搭配;英语一般不受此限制。
汉译英句子翻译实例:
41) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the downgrade. 42) 为了迷人眼目,他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 43) 扪心自问,他不得不承认自己是错了。 By searching his heart he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 44) 他们个个摩拳擦掌,士气很高,准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for battle, high in morale and ready to win another brilliant victory. 45) 我们必须全力以赴,拿下这场球。 We must do our level best to win this game.

Unit 4 词法翻译 - 增词法和省词法

Unit 4 词法翻译 - 增词法和省词法

Unit 4. Translation Techniques of Words and Expressions 词法翻译(2)Outline of this unit1. Addition 增词法2. Omission 省词法1. Addition 增词法增补翻译是在原文的基础上,增加一些词语,使译文的语法结构、修辞方式及语言表达符合汉语的行文要求。

要点:增词不增义,增加原文中已省略但汉语表达所需要的词语,不能随心所欲地增加。

增词法的主要类型:语法方面:动词、量词、时态词、名词修辞方面:名词复数、语气词逻辑方面:表示概括性、承上启下、逻辑关联的词语语法方面:动词、量词、时态词、名词上述这些词汇在英语语法中省略了,但在汉语中不可或缺,译文中要增加。

动词:英语动词呈显性;汉语动词在句中是表意的重心,不可少,并且汉语动词不受形态的约束,运用极为灵活,在汉语中备受青睐。

I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.练习:I am looking forward to the holidays.We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.The world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other sources of fuel for the future.接下来看增加量词的情况。

词法翻译学生版

词法翻译学生版

第二章词法翻译A word may have different meanings in different contents.The meaning of a word is determined by its contents.词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理,包括词性(类)转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法,以达到“表达通顺”之目的,此类方法,大多属于“此路不通,另辟蹊径”。

第一节词类转译词类转译又叫词性转换。

翻译过程中,为了句子通顺的需要,有时需改变原文的词性,不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性:即不能追求词性的对等。

一、转译成动词:1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.5.It was a very informative meeting.6.This pupil is a good writer.7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brot her is a better teacher than I.9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.12. Ours is a policy for peace.13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.二、转译成名词:1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.6. This problem is no more important than that one.7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.9. Because of Einstein’s theory, scientists never regarded again regar ded the world as they had before.10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner todelight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.三、转译成形容词。

第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法

第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法

一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文,拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。

1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中,school 是“学派”的意思,而不是“学校”的意思;2.在1996年74)题elegant system 中,elegent是“完美,完善”的意思,而不是“优雅”的意思;3.在2001年75)题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中,smart 是“智能化”的意思,而不是“聪明”的意思;4.在2003年75)题like the concept of set in mathematics 中,set 是“集,集合”,而不是“一套,放置”等意思;5.在2004年62)题we are obliged to them 中,obliged是“感谢,感激”,而不是“被迫”的意思。

词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。

例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。

例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。

例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。

例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。

例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。

例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。

例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。

词法翻译(四)具体译法

词法翻译(四)具体译法

你应该分清好坏。 separate the good from the bad You should separate the sheep from the goats.
分清大小: separate the big from the small 分清主次: draw a clear distinction between the primary and the secondarythorny problem; knotty problem; a problem of some delicacy; He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.
你不要过早乐观,真正的困难还在 后头呢。
full of anxiety and worry
(三)句子(英译汉)
All the people were angered by his fault-finding.
所有的人都被他的吹毛求疵的做法激 怒了。
We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我们都被他那种崇高气质所深深打 动。
translation
family committee government
翻译
家庭 委员会 政府
翻译作品
家庭成员 委员会成员 政府官员
class
班级
全班同学
(二)成语
单词 very timid very strong very anxious to return home 抽象 非常胆小 十分强壮 非常想回家 十分挂念 具体 胆小如鼠 壮得像头牛 归心似箭 牵肠挂肚
prematurely optimistic Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

第十一讲: 词法翻译

第十一讲: 词法翻译

一、 重复名词和动词 1. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend‟s confusion was understandable. And there are more than ever since September 11. (1)因为多数新近成为烟民的显然都是女性,我朋 友把她们混同为妓女,是可以理解的。自9.11事 件发生后,抽烟的女性超过以往任何时候。 (2)大多数的新烟民似乎都是女性,我的朋友误以 为她们是妓女也情有可原。自9.11事件发生后, 抽烟的女性人数比以往任何时候都多。
三Байду номын сангаас重复形容词
1). We want such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure. 我们需要能耐高温、高压的材料。 2). Everybody appreciates polite words and manners. 每个人都会赞赏礼貌的言辞和礼貌的举止。 3). They are loyal to the motherland and the people. 他们忠于祖国,忠于人民。
12. Some theaters concentrate on the classics and serious dramas, some on light comedy, some on musicals. 有些剧院集中上演经典剧目和严肃戏剧,有些剧 院集中上演轻喜剧,而有些剧院则集中上演音乐 剧。 13. Around the world, laws on human cloning research are either restrictive, absent, or are lagging behind what is happening in the laboratory. (1)全世界关于克隆人研究的法律要么加以限制, 要么缺乏,要么落后于实验室的进程。 (2)全世界关于克隆人研究要么以法律加以限制, 要么缺乏此类法律,要么立法滞后于实验室研究 的进展。

翻译技巧与方法

翻译技巧与方法
三个人品字式坐了随便谈了几句。--《子夜》. → Seated in a circle/ facing each other/ in the shape of the Chinese character “品”/ in a triangular pattern, the three men had casual chat.
at one’s finger tips Turn a deaf ear to: 充耳不闻
3)谚语: There is no smoke without fire: 无风不起浪 皇天不负有心人:
Everything comes to him who waits. 4)句子实例:
仗此。回战士们不再忍气吞声,他们个个摩拳擦掌,准备再打一个漂亮
She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.
→她曾多次试着帮他们去租其他住处,/结果都无功而返。
→她已试了好几次,/要帮他们另找一处出租的房子,/结果没成 功。
我在学堂里坐着,心里也闷,/不如给他家放牛,倒快活些。 (吴敬梓《儒林外史》)
你是萍——凭什么打我的儿子!(曹禺《雷雨》)
Why,you are my—mighty with your fists? You are Ping…Pinning down why you beat my son? You are my…might be crazy so as to beat my son!
He is not a native./He is a stranger here.
2. Tran. Based on Syntax (句法翻译)

词法翻译(二)_褒贬译法-词类转译

词法翻译(二)_褒贬译法-词类转译
词法翻译二
褒贬译法;词类转译法
5.词义的褒贬—褒贬译法
带褒义的词: • noble(高尚的) • heroic(英雄的) • sacrifice(牺牲) • polite(有礼貌的) • brave(勇敢的) • kindness(仁慈)
带贬义的词: • accomplice(帮凶) • cheat(欺骗、骗子) • cruel(残忍的) • die-hard(顽固的) •人赞成放弃这项计划。
The first speaker was for abandoning the
project.
4)尽管机票昂贵,还是有成千上万的人乘坐飞
机旅行。 Though plane tickets are expensive, there
are still thousands upon thousands of
people who travel by air.
3. 英语形容词与汉语动词相互转译
英语句子中用作表语的形容词属于动态形容词,常常表 示知觉,情欲,愿望等心理状态,它们往往可以与表 示知觉、情感等心理活动的汉语动词相互转译。
1) He was jealous of his friends’ reputation.
2) She flared up at the sight of her husband walking with another woman.
她一看到自己的丈夫和另一个女人走在一起就勃然大
怒。
C-E
3) 一提到钱,那陌生人就全神贯注起来。
At the mention of money, the stranger
2.英语介词与汉语动词相互转译
英语有大量的介词和介词词组,极大地丰富了英语的表达法。汉 语则多用动词,少用介词。在英汉互译中,英语介词和汉语动 词常常需要相互转译。

浅谈英汉互译中的词法翻译

浅谈英汉互译中的词法翻译

浅谈英汉互译中的词法翻译[摘要] 近年来,随着中国国际化步伐的加快和翻译事业的发展,英汉互译策略得到了更加深入的研究。

翻译是一种语言活动,一种语言再现的实践活动。

在这个实践过程中,由于语言习惯的不同,就得采用不同的翻译策略和技巧。

词法翻译是一个非常重要的组成部分。

[关键词] 英汉互译词法翻译译法近年来,随着中国国际化速度的加快和翻译事业的快速发展,汉英翻译为中国与世界各国之间进行交流奠定了必备的语言基础。

翻译不只是语言之间简单的转换,而是语言艺术的再创作。

也就是说,翻译的艺术就是通过原文的形式,理解原文的内容,再用译文的语言习惯形式,把原文的内容再现出来。

这种“再现”不是机械地逐字翻译,而是原文“美义”的再创造。

而在这个“再创造”过程中,需要特别注重的是词法翻译。

一、单词、成语和谚语的翻译一般情况下,在翻译的过程中我们都力求在译文中找到和原文语意对等的表达。

这种方法是翻译中最为普遍、使用频率最高的。

这两种语言中,单词对等的几率最高,而成语和谚语对等的几率不大,一般都需要重新分析并且按照译文语言习惯去组句。

例如:书book(名词)微笑smile(动词)漂亮beautiful (形容词)挥金如土spend money like water有志者事竟成Where there is a will there is a way.从上面的例子可以看到,单词一般都能找到与之对等的表达,成语和谚语则不然。

因此,在翻译的时候,不能字对字地去翻译,而要根据译文语言习惯去寻找真正意义上对等的表达。

二、词性转化语言与文化相依为命,语言反映文化特征并预示文化发展的方向。

而文化又是有社会、民族和地域性的,每种文化都有自己独特的风格和内涵,那么,语言也一样。

不同的语言背景对用词的要求也不尽相同。

因此,在做翻译时,要适当地根据语言习惯和用法进行词性的转化,多数情况下指的是汉语动态化和英语静态化之间的转化。

名词归为静态,动词归为动态。

Unit 3 词法翻译 - 具体法和抽象法

Unit 3 词法翻译 - 具体法和抽象法

Unit 3. Translation Techniques of Words and Expressions 词法翻译(1)OverviewSkill:ExtensionOutline of this unit1. Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况2. Steps in word translation 四步法3. Extension 引申翻译(由具体到抽象;由抽象到具体)Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况单词翻译的最基本要求是无错。

四种常见情况:(1)已知无疑(2)已知有疑(3)未知已有(4)未知未有(1)已知无疑遇到的单词或表达是自己知道的,而且把自己知道的译法用在当前句子中很合适。

I didn‟t have breakfast this morning.已经知道I是…我‟,breakfast是…早饭‟,this morning是…今天早上‟。

全句翻译为:(2)已知有疑句中的单词是认识的,但是知道的译法在当前句子中感觉不太对。

We need to consider the economics of climate change.句中的economics,一般作为…经济学‟解释。

但这样译语意不通畅:?我们需要考虑气候变化的经济学。

第二个环节往往出错最多。

原因:一、虽然知道的词义不合适,但似乎勉强可以,于是没有去查阅工具书;二、明知不合适,但又不去查。

(3)未知已有单词是生词,经过查阅工具书,解决了问题。

这里的关键是以最快的方式找到合适的译法。

(稍后和第2点一起分析。

)(4)未知未有这种情况指工具书上查不到的单词。

这种情况不做详细探讨;实际工作中,可以向专业人士请教。

…自我开脱‟是翻译不当的原因之一。

这种误区往往是不良习惯造成的,几乎是根深蒂固。

比如不会或不清楚的地方留给老师去改。

要想单词无错翻译就要尽快树立“最后一关”的概念。

翻译基础词法翻译

翻译基础词法翻译
翻译基础词法翻译
目录
• 翻译基础概述 • 词法翻译基本概念 • 名词词法翻译 • 动词词法翻译 • 形容词与副词词法翻译 • 介词、连词与冠词词法翻译 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
01
翻译基础概述
翻译定义与分类
翻译定义
翻译是将一种语言中的文本转换成另一种语言中的等效 文本的过程,涉及语言、文化和交际等多个方面。
04
动词词法翻译
动词时态与语态形式翻译
一般现在时
表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或客观事实 和普遍真理。在翻译时,通常翻译为“经 常”、“通常”、“总是”等。
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。在翻译时,需 根据汉语表达习惯,灵活处理为“被”、 “由……所”、“受到”等。
一般过去时
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。 在翻译时,需根据上下文灵活处理,可翻 译为“曾经”、“以前”、“过去”等。
交流。
文化传承
翻译在文化传承中发挥着重要作用, 可以将不同文化的精髓和特色传递给
更广泛的人群。
知识传播
通过翻译,人们可以获取来自不同国 家和文化的知识和信息,促进知识的 传播和共享。
经济发展
随着全球化的深入发展,翻译在国际 贸易、商务洽谈等领域中的需求越来 越大,对经济发展的推动作用也日益 显著。
02
常见误区及避免方法
直译与意译的误区
避免过度直译或意译,根据语境 和表达习惯进行适当的调整,使 译文既忠实于原文又符合目标语
言的表达习惯。
文化差异的误区
注意源语言和目标语言之间的文 化差异,避免将源语言的文化特 色直接照搬到目标语言中,造成
文化冲突或误解。
专业术语的误区
对于专业领域的术语,要确保准 确理解和翻译,避免出现歧义或

英译汉讲稿07词法翻译

英译汉讲稿07词法翻译

这是1940年6月4日,丘吉尔就过去一周内(5月27日到6月4日)盟军敦刻尔克大撤退取得成功向议会所做报告中的一段。此句前面的话为:
Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail.
4
谁触犯了法律,谁就应受到制裁。
5
(违法必究)
She was proficient both as a singer and as a dancer.
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
B.原文省略,译文重复:
John is your friend as much as mine.
01
约翰是你的朋友,同样是我的朋友。
02
But we still have defect, and very big ones.
03
但我们还是有缺点的,而且是很大的缺点。
04
Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
1
2
The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.

词法翻译

词法翻译

• 照当时的情况,他除了忍气吞声又能怎么 办呢? • As things stood,what else could he do but swallow the insult. • 侵略者已经走投无路 • The invaders had come to the end of their tether. • 你为什么要引狼入室? • Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
• He went through the fire and flood to save his mother • 他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲 • You have a lucky star above you. • 你真是福星高照 • She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter • 她现在进退维谷。 • He is reaping what he has sown. • 他是咎由自取。
走: walk,stride, trudge, tiptoe, amble, wander, prance 机: machine,engine, plane, aircraft 羊: sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb
• 4.equivalents interwoven with one another In this case , a certain word may be treated differently according to various circumstances or collocations. say 说 speak 讲 talk 谈 tell 诉
出门一里,不如家里 East and west, home is best 皇天不负苦心人 Everthing comes to him who waits 小巫见大巫 The moon is not seen when the sun shines 山中无老虎,猴子称大王 When the cat is away ,the mice will play In the blind people’s world, the one-eyed is the king
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

2012-2013(1)研究生英语翻译理论与实践1词法翻译一、词义的选择(一)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。

⏹Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.⏹He likes mathematics more than physics.⏹In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.⏹Like knows like.(二)根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系选择和确定词义。

⏹He is the last man to come.⏹He is the last man to do it.⏹He is the last person for such a job.⏹He should be the last man to blame.⏹He is the last man to consult.⏹This is the last place where I expected to meet you.⏹An area the si ze of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and theypracticed taking off time after time from this restricted space.⏹He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to takeoff.二、词义的引申(一)将词义抽象化的引申1. 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。

⏹There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of him.⏹Every life has roses and thorns.⏹ 2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词。

⏹In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the1920s that Hit ler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930.⏹See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weekswas never distinct.(二)将词义具体化的引申⏹The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.⏹Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls ofanti-Semitism were closing in.三、词义的褒贬⏹(一)有些词本身就有褒贬意义,翻译时就应相应地表达出来。

⏹He was a man of high renown.⏹His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.⏹The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy.⏹Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.⏹“He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled.⏹We were shocked by his coarse manners.⏹(二) 有些词的词义是中立的,本身不表示褒义或贬义,但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味,翻译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应词来表达。

⏹“After all”, counseled Sonnenfelt, “you’re the only Republican I know with the properacademic credentials.” Kissinger demurred. Such an offer, he said, was highly unlikely.⏹He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had certain reputation. I believe thereputation was not deserved.⏹He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.⏹As a demanding boss, he expected loyalty and dedication from employees.Put the following into Chinese, paying attention to the word “charge”.1. He was charged with murder.2. With a final effort, the troops charged the enemy for the last time.3. How much do you charge for mending the shoes?4. Please charge the shaver for me for I will use it tomorrow.5. Mr. Wilson charged the drinks to his room.6. Demonstrators have charged that the police used excessive force against them.参考答案一、词义的选择(一)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥;不同的电荷相吸。

He likes mathematics more than physics.他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。

In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。

(介词)Like knows like.英雄识英雄。

(二)根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系选择和确定词义。

He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。

He is the last man to do it.他是绝不会干那件事的。

He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。

He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。

He is the last man to consult.根本不宜找他商量。

This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没想到会在这个地方见到你。

An area the size of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space.机场上标出了大黄蜂号甲板一样大小的一块地方。

他们一次又一次地练习在这样一块有限的范围内起飞。

He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off.他工作时总是坐在椅子边上,好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。

二、词义的引申(一)将词义抽象化的引申。

There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of him.他的性格即残暴又狡猾。

Every life has roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有苦有甜。

(每个人的生活都有悲有喜。

)In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930…事实上,在整个二十年代,纳碎党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众好感,以至于在1930年希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特市(德国西部城市)的权利。

See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.在那以后的四个星期,消息时而有所好转,时而又有点不妙,两种情况不断交替出现,一直没有明朗化。

(二)将词义作具体化的引申。

The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.我前面的那辆车停了。

我错过了绿灯。

Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars.The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in.犹太人的铺子关闭了。

卐字旗取代了六角星旗。

反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天。

三、词义的褒贬(一)有些词本身就有褒贬意义,翻译时就应相应地表达出来。

He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。

His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.他作为流氓的恶名是死后才传开的。

The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy.他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。

相关文档
最新文档