非谓语动词表结果、目的-讲

非谓语动词 15

八、非谓语动词表结果

主要指不定式表结果，且常在“too… to”和“… enough to”结构中。现在

分词表结果可用and句替换。

1．不定式：

1）too… to结构，“太……而不”之义，可变为表结果的so… that从句表示，但从句要否定。

She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can’t go to school.

He was too excited to speak then. = He was so excited that he could n’t speak then.

2）肯定意义的t o o…t o结构，“很…，而…”义。

① 从字面看，too前有not, only, all, but (= only)时，too=very, 不定式无否定意思。

English is not too difficult to learn.

= English is not very difficult to learn. （英文并不太难学。）

I shall be only too pleased to help you.

= I shall be very pleased to help you. （我极高兴帮助你。）

They are all too [very] satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves. （他们非常乐意接受别人的意见，自己懒得去想。）

You know but too [very] well to hold your tongue. （你十分知道少说为佳。）

② 从结构上看，不定式若修饰too后面的词，则不含有否定意思。

She is too ready（乐于…的）to speak. （她太多言了。）

Beginners are too apt to make mistakes. （初学者容易弄错。）

apt = ready（易于…的），to make mistakes（弄错），apt to make mistakes,弄错是容易的。ready（乐于…的）to speak, 讲话是乐意的。此类结构，不定式修饰t o o后的形容词。

注意：

①too … to结构中的不定式是及物动词，它的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，不定式后不用人称代词作宾语，也不用不定式的被动式。用so … that结构表达时，必须加人称代词作宾语。

R: The box is too heavy for me to carry.

= The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.

W: I. The box is too heavy for me to carry it. （多it）

II. The box is too heavy for me to be carried.

（carry的逻辑主语是me, carry不用被动式）

III. The box is so heavy that I can’t carry. （从句中carry后少it）

②too … to = not … enough to（too … to, 含否定意义，… enough to不含否定意义，… enough to中，加not, 再用too后的反义词，则与too … to同义）She is too young to marry.

= She is not old enough to marry. （太年轻了，不能结婚；不足够结婚的年龄）

语法王

3）… enough to结构：

① 可变为表结果的so … that从句表示，当主语不是it时。

He is strong enough to hold the heavy box.

= He is so strong that he can hold the heavy box.

= He is strong enough, so he can hold the heavy box. （主句，从句主语一致）

②不变为表结果的so … that从句表示，当主语是it时，通常为 (for sb.) + to v.:

It’s late enough for us to stop work.

= It’s late enough, so we can stop work. （主句，从句主语不一致）

不说：It’s late enough that we can stop work.

4） (only)to v., 表示结果，可用and并列句替换。（only to do, 常指与主观愿望相反的结果）

He lifted a stone (only) to drop his foot. = He lifted a stone and dropped his foot.

（“搬石头”想砸别人，结果反而“砸了自己”）

注意：区分to do表目的，还是表结果？比较：

He brought out a knife to kill / in order to kill / so as to kill himself.

（他拿出刀子想自杀，to kill表目的，可用in order to, so as to替换）

He brought out a knife (only) to hurt himself.

（他拿出刀子，结果反而伤了自己，t o hurt表结果。拿出刀子想做“伤自己”以外的事，结果未遂愿，反而“伤了自己”。不能用in order to, so as to替换）5）so … as to与so as to：so + adj. + as to, 到…程度，到…结果；so as to = in order to, 表示目的。

She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.

她好心，把那老妇人扶下了公共汽车。（好心到帮人的程度；好心到帮人的结果）Would you be so kind as to carry the box for me?

= Would you please carry the box for me? （行行好，帮我拿拿行李，好吗？）2．现在分词：v.-i n g表结果，可用a n d并列句替换。

His father died, leaving nothing but a debt of 20000 yuan.

= His father died and left nothing but a debt of 20000 yuan.