智能机器人外文翻译
智能机器人的介绍作文英语
智能机器人的介绍作文英语In the realm of modern technology, the concept of smart robots has become increasingly prevalent, transforming various sectors from manufacturing to healthcare. Smart robots are sophisticated machines designed to perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. They are equipped with advanced sensors, powerful processors, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that enable them to perceive their environment, make decisions, and learn from experience.The development of smart robots is a testament to the rapid evolution of AI and machine learning. These robots are not just programmable to execute specific tasks; they are capable of adapting to new situations and improving their performance over time. Here's a deeper look into the world of smart robots:1. Capabilities: Smart robots can be found in various forms, from humanoid machines that can interact with humans to industrial robots that can assemble complex products with precision. They are capable of tasks such as object recognition, navigation, and manipulation.2. Applications: The applications of smart robots are vast. In the industrial sector, they are used for automation, increasing efficiency and reducing the potential for human error. In healthcare, they assist in surgeries and patientcare. In the service industry, they serve as receptionists, waiters, and even personal assistants.3. AI Integration: The integration of AI in smart robots allows them to process complex data and make informed decisions. They can learn from their mistakes and optimize their performance based on the feedback they receive.4. Sensory Perception: Equipped with an array of sensors, smart robots can perceive their surroundings in ways similar to humans. They can see with cameras, hear with microphones, and feel with touch sensors.5. Mobility: Many smart robots are designed with mobility in mind. They can move on wheels, walk on legs, or even fly with the help of drones, allowing them to navigate diverse terrains.6. Ethical Considerations: As with any technology, the rise of smart robots brings ethical questions. Issues such as job displacement, privacy concerns, and the potential for misuse are important to address as this technology advances.7. Future Prospects: The future of smart robots is promising. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more sophisticated, versatile, and intelligent robots that will become an integral part of our daily lives.In conclusion, smart robots represent the cutting edge of technology, offering a glimpse into a future where machines and humans coexist and collaborate in a variety of settings.As these robots become more integrated into society, it will be crucial to navigate the ethical and practical challenges they present to ensure a harmonious and beneficial coexistence.。
Robots机器人 中英文翻译
Robots机器人中英文翻译Robots机器人With advancements in technology, robots have become an integral part of our daily lives. From manufacturing industries to healthcare and even our homes, robots are taking over various tasks and transforming the way we live. In this article, we will explore the significance of robots and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.机器人在科技的进步下，在我们的日常生活中变得不可或缺。
从制造业到医疗保健，甚至到我们的家庭，机器人正在接管各种任务，改变着我们的生活方式。
本文中，我们将探讨机器人的重要性，并讨论他们的利与弊。
1. The Advantages of Robots 机器人的优势Robots offer numerous benefits in various aspects of our society. Firstly, they improve productivity and efficiency in industries. With their precision and speed, robots can carry out tasks more accurately and faster compared to humans. This leads to increased production rates and reduced errors, ultimately resulting in cost savings for businesses.Secondly, robots minimize the risk to humans in dangerous and hazardous situations. They can be programmed to perform tasks in hazardous environments such as nuclear power plants, mines, or disaster-stricken areas. This reduces the chances of human injuries or fatalities.Thirdly, robots contribute to medical advancements by assisting in surgeries and healthcare. Surgical robots, for example, aid doctors inperforming intricate procedures with enhanced precision and control. Furthermore, robots can also assist with patient care, such as providing support to the elderly or individuals with disabilities.机器人在我们社会的各个方面都提供了众多的优势。
机器人外文翻译文献翻译 中英文翻译
外文翻译外文资料：RobotsFirst, I explain the background robots, robot technology development. It should be said it is a common scientific and technological development of a comprehensive results, for the socio-economic development of a significant impact on a science and technology. It attributed the development of all countries in the Second World War to strengthen the economic input on strengthening the country's economic development. But they also demand the development of the productive forces the inevitable result of human development itself is the inevitable result then with the development of humanity, people constantly discuss the natural process, in understanding and reconstructing the natural process, people need to be able to liberate a slave. So this is the slave people to be able to replace the complex and engaged in heavy manual labor, People do not realize right up to the world's understanding and transformation of this technology as well as people in the development process of an objective need. Robots are three stages of development, in other words, we are accustomed to regarding robots are divided into three categories. is a first-generation robots, also known as teach-type robot, it is through a computer, to control over one of a mechanical degrees of freedom Through teaching and information stored procedures, working hours to read out information, and then issued a directive so the robot can repeat according to the people at that time said the results show this kind of movement again, For example, the car spot welding robots, only to put this spot welding process, after teaching, and it is always a repeat of a work It has the external environment is no perception that the force manipulation of the size of the work piece there does not exist, welding 0S It does not know, then this fact from the first generation robot, it will exist this shortcoming, it in the 20th century, the late 1970s, people started to study the second-generation robot, called Robot with the feeling that This feeling with the robot is similar in function of a certain feeling, forinstance, force and touch, slipping, visual, hearing and who is analogous to that with all kinds of feelings, say in a robot grasping objects, In fact, it can be the size of feeling out, it can through visual, to be able to feel and identify its shape, size, color Grasping an egg, it adopted a acumen, aware of its power and the size of the slide. Third-generation robots, we were a robotics ideal pursued by the most advanced stage, called intelligent robots, So long as tell it what to do, not how to tell it to do, it will be able to complete the campaign, thinking and perception of this man-machine communication function and function Well, this current development or relative is in a smart part of the concept and meaning But the real significance of the integrity of this intelligent robot did not actually exist, but as we continued the development of science and technology, the concept of intelligent increasingly rich, it grows ever wider connotations.Now, I would like to briefly outline some of the industrial robot situation. So far, the industrial robot is the most mature and widely used category of a robot, now the world's total sales of 1.1 million Taiwan, which is the 1999 statistics, however, 1.1 million in Taiwan have been using the equipment is 75 million, this volume is not small. Overall, the Japanese industrial robots in this one, is the first of the robots to become the Kingdom, the United States have developed rapidly. Newly installed in several areas of Taiwan, which already exceeds Japan, China has only just begun to enter the stage of industrialization, has developed a variety of industrial robot prototype and small batch has been used in production.Spot welding robot is the auto production line, improve production efficiency and raise the quality of welding car, reduce the labor intensity of a robot. It is characterized by two pairs of robots for spot welding of steel plate, bearing a great need for the welding tongs, general in dozens of kilograms or more, then its speed in meters per second a 5-2 meter of such high-speed movement. So it is generally five to six degrees of freedom, load 30 to 120 kilograms, the great space, probably expected that the work of a spherical space, a high velocity, the concept of freedom, that is to say, Movement is relatively independent of the number of components, the equivalent of our body, waist is a rotary degree of freedom We have to be able to hold his arm, Arm can be bent, then this three degrees of freedom, Meanwhile there is a wristposture adjustment to the use of the three autonomy, the general robot has six degrees of freedom. We will be able to space the three locations, three postures, the robot fully achieved, and of course we have less than six degrees of freedom. Have more than six degrees of freedom robot, in different occasions the need to configure.The second category of service robots, with the development of industrialization, especially in the past decade, Robot development in the areas of application are continuously expanding, and now a very important characteristic, as we all know, Robot has gradually shifted from manufacturing to non-manufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sector including cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief, etc. These belong to the non-manufacturing industries and service industries, so here is compared with the industrial robot, it is a very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports, there are some arms operate, also installed some as a force sensor and visual sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, etc. It’s surrounding environment for the conduct of identification, to determine its campaign to complete some work, this is service robot’s one of the basic characteristics.For example, domestic robot is mainly embodied in the example of some of the carpets and flooring it to the regular cleaning and vacuuming. The robot it is very meaningful, it has sensors, it can furniture and people can identify, It automatically according to a law put to the ground under the road all cleaned up. This is also the home of some robot performance.The medical robots, nearly five years of relatively rapid development of new application areas. If people in the course of an operation, doctors surgery, is a fatigue, and the other manually operated accuracy is limited. Some universities in Germany, which, facing the spine, lumbar disc disease, the identification, can automatically use the robot-aided positioning, operation and surgery Like the United States have been more than 1,000 cases of human eyeball robot surgery, the robot, also including remote-controlled approach, the right of such gastrointestinal surgery, we see on the television inside. a manipulator, about the thickness fingers such a manipulator, inserted through the abdominal viscera, people on the screen operating the machines hand, it also used the method of laser lesion laser treatment, this is the case, peoplewould not have a very big damage to the human body.In reality, this right as a human liberation is a very good robots, medical robots it is very complex, while it is fully automated to complete all the work, there are difficulties, and generally are people to participate. This is America, the development of such a surgery Lin Bai an example, through the screen, through a remote control operator to control another manipulator, through the realization of the right abdominal surgery A few years ago our country the exhibition, the United States has been successful in achieving the right to the heart valve surgery and bypass surgery. This robot has in the area, caused a great sensation, but also, AESOP's surgical robot, In fact, it through some equipment to some of the lesions inspections, through a manipulator can be achieved on some parts of the operation Also including remotely operated manipulator, and many doctors are able to participate in the robot under surgery Robot doctor to include doctors with pliers, tweezers or a knife to replace the nurses, while lighting automatically to the doctor's movements linked, the doctor hands off, lighting went off, This is very good, a doctor's assistant.Robot is mankind's right-hand man; friendly coexistence can be a reliable friend. In future, we will see and there will be a robot space inside, as a mutual aide and friend. Robots will create the jobs issue. We believe that there would not be a "robot appointment of workers being laid off" situation, because people with the development of society, In fact the people from the heavy physical and dangerous environment liberated, so that people have a better position to work, to create a better spiritual wealth and cultural wealth.译文资料：机器人首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。
智能机器人的介绍英语作文
智能机器人的介绍英语作文1. Smart robots are becoming increasingly popular in today's world. They are designed to perform various tasks and assist humans in their daily lives. These robots are equipped with advanced technologies and can carry out complex operations with ease.2. One of the most remarkable features of smart robots is their ability to learn and adapt to new situations. They are programmed to analyze data and make decisions based on the information they receive. This allows them to constantly improve their performance and become more efficient over time.3. Smart robots are also capable of interacting with humans in a natural and intuitive way. They can understand spoken language and respond accordingly, making them ideal companions for people who may need assistance or simply want someone to talk to. These robots can engage in conversations, answer questions, and even provide emotionalsupport.4. Another advantage of smart robots is their versatility. They can be used in various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and even entertainment. In hospitals, for example, they can assist doctors and nurses in performing tasks such as taking vital signs or delivering medication. In factories, they can automate repetitive tasks and increase productivity. And in the entertainment industry, they can entertain audiences with their impressive skills and performances.5. Despite their many benefits, there are also concerns about the rise of smart robots. Some people worry thatthese machines could replace human workers, leading to job losses. Others are concerned about the ethical implications of giving robots too much power and control. It isimportant to carefully consider these issues and ensurethat smart robots are used responsibly and ethically.6. In conclusion, smart robots are revolutionizing the way we live and work. They are intelligent, adaptable, andcapable of performing a wide range of tasks. While there are valid concerns about their impact on society, it is clear that smart robots have the potential to greatly improve our lives and enhance our capabilities. It will be interesting to see how this technology continues to evolve in the future.。
Robots机器人 中英文翻译
RobotsA robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, mani pulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.The key words are reprogrammable and multipurpose because most single-purpose machines do not meet these two requirements.The term”reprogrammabl e” implies two things:The robot operates according to a written program can b e rewritten to accomdate a variety of manufacturing tasks. The term “multipurp ose” means that the robot can perform many different functions, depending on the program and tooling currently in use.Over the past two decades,the robot has been introduced into industry to perform many monotonous and often unsafe operations. Because robots can per form certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are bei ng increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.Structures of RobotsThe typical structure of industrial robots consists of 4 major components: the manipulator, the end effector, the power supply and control syterm.The manipulator is a mechanical unite that provides motions similar to those of a human arm. It often has a shoulder joint,an elbow and a wrist. It can rotate or slide, strech out and withdraw in every possible direction with certain flexibility.The basic mechanical configurations of the robot manipulator are categorized as Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and articulated.A robot with a Cartesian geometry can move its gripper to any position within the cube or rectangle defined as its working volum.Cylindrical coordinate robots can move the gripper within a volum that is described by a cylinder. The cylindrical coordinate robot is positioned in the work area by two linear movements in the X and Y directions and one angular rotation about the Z axis.Spherical arm geometry robots have an irregular work envelop. This type of robot has two main variants,vertically articulated and horizontally articulated.The end effector attaches itself to the end of the robot wrist, also called end-of-arm tooling.It is the device intended for performing the designed operations as a human hand can.End effectors are generally custom-made to meet special handling requirements. Mechanical grippers are the most commonly used and are equipped with two or more fingers.The selection of an appropriate end effector for a special application depends on such factors as the payload, enviyonment,reliability,and cost.The power supply is the actuator for moving the robot arm, controlling the joints and operating the end effector. The basic type of power sources include electrical,pneumatic, and hydraulic. Each source of energy and each type of motor has its own characteristics, advantages and limitations. An ac-powered motor or dc-powered motor may be used depending on the system design and applications. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the robot.Most new robots use electrical power supply. Pneumatic actuators have been used for high speed. Nonservo robots and are often used for powering tooling such as grippers. Hydraulic actuators have been used for heavier lift systems, typically where accuracy was not also requied.The contro system is the communications and information-processing system that gives commands for the movements of the robot. It is the brain of the robot; it sends signals to the power source to move the robot arm to a specific position and to the end effector.It is also the nerves of the robot; it is reprogrammable to send out sequences of instructions for all movements and actions to be taken by the robot.A open-loop controller is the simplest for of the control system, which controls the robot only by foolowing the predetermined step-by-step instructions.This system dose not have a self-correcting capability.A close-loop control system use feedback sensors to produce signals that reflct the current states of the controed objects. By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller can conduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and the end effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.Classification of RobotIndustrial robots vary widely in size,shape, number of axes,degrees of freedom, and design configuration. Each factor influence the dimensions of the robot’s working envelop or the volume of space within which it can move and perform its designated task. A broader classification of robots can been described as below.Fixed-and Variable-Sequence Robots. The fixed-sequence robot (also called a pick-and place robot) is programmed for a specific sequence of operations. Its movements are form point to point, and the cycle is repeated continuously.The variable-sequence robot can be programmed for a specific sequence of operations but can be programmed to perform another sequence of operation.Playback Robot. An operator leads or walks the playback robot and its end effector through the desired path. The robot memorizes and records the path and sequence of motions and can repeat them continually without any further action or guidance by the operator.Numerically Controlled Robot. The numerically controlled robot is programmed and operated much like a numerically controlled machine. The robot is servocontrolled by digital data, and its sequence of movements can be changed with relative ease.Intelligent Robot. The intelligent robot is capable of performing some of the functions and tasks carried out by huanbeings.It is equipped with a variety of sensors with visual and tactile capabilities.Robot ApplicationsThe robot is a very special type of productin tool; as a result, the applications in which robots are used are quite broad. These applications can be grouped into three categories: material processing, material handling and assembly.In material processing, robots use tools to process the raw material. For example, the robot tools could include a drill and the robot would be able to perfor drilling operaytions on raw material.Material handling consists of the loading, unloading, and transferring of workpieces in manufacturing facilities. These operations can be performed relatively and repeatedly with robots, thereby improving quality and scrap losses.Assembly is another large application area for using robotics. An automatic assembly system can incorporate automatic testing, robot automation and mechanical handling for reducing labor costs, increasing output and eliminating manual handling concers.机器人机器人是一种自动控制的、可重复编程的、多功能的、由几个可重复编程的坐标系来操纵机器的装置，它可以被固定在某地，还可以是移动的以在工业自动化工厂中使用。
机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)
机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)With the rapid development of technology, the use of robots has become increasingly prevalent in various industries. Robots are now commonly employed to perform tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or require a high level of precision. However, in order for robots to effectively communicate with humans and fulfill their intended functions, accurate translation between different languages is crucial. In this article, we will explore the importance of machine translation in enabling robots to perform translation tasks, as well as discuss current advancements and challenges in this field.1. IntroductionMachine translation refers to the use of computer algorithms to automatically translate text or speech from one language to another. The ultimate goal of machine translation is to produce translations that are as accurate and natural as those generated by human translators. In the context of robots, machine translation plays a vital role in allowing them to understand and respond to human commands, as well as facilitating communication between robots of different origins.2. Advancements in Machine TranslationThe field of machine translation has experienced significant advancements in recent years, thanks to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and deep learning. These advancements have led to the development of neural machine translation (NMT) systems, which have greatly improved translation quality. NMT models operate by analyzinglarge amounts of bilingual data, allowing them to learn the syntactic and semantic structures of different languages. As a result, NMT systems are capable of providing more accurate translations compared to traditional rule-based or statistical machine translation approaches.3. Challenges in Machine Translation for RobotsAlthough the advancements in machine translation have greatly improved translation quality, there are still challenges that need to be addressed when applying machine translation to robots. One prominent challenge is the variability of language use, including slang, idioms, and cultural references. These nuances can pose difficulties for machine translation systems, as they often require a deep understanding of the context and cultural background. Researchers are currently working on developing techniques to enhance the ability of machine translation systems to handle such linguistic variations.Another challenge is the real-time requirement of translation in a robotic setting. Robots often need to process and translate information on the fly, and any delay in translation can affect the overall performance and efficiency of the robot. Optimizing translation speed without sacrificing translation quality is an ongoing challenge for researchers in the field.4. Applications of Robot TranslationThe ability for robots to translate languages opens up a wide range of applications in various industries. One application is in the field of customer service, where robots can assist customers in multiple languages, providing support and information. Another application is in healthcare settings, where robots can act as interpreters between healthcare professionals and patientswho may speak different languages. Moreover, in international business and diplomacy, robots equipped with translation capabilities can bridge language barriers and facilitate effective communication between parties.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, machine translation plays a crucial role in enabling robots to effectively communicate with humans and fulfill their intended functions. The advancements in neural machine translation have greatly improved translation quality, but challenges such as language variability and real-time translation requirements still exist. With continuous research and innovation, the future of machine translation for robots holds great potential in various industries, revolutionizing the way we communicate and interact with technology.。
智能机器人的介绍作文英文
智能机器人的介绍作文英文英文：Introduction to Intelligent Robots。
Intelligent robots, also known as smart robots, are machines equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) that enable them to perform tasks and make decisions without human intervention. These robots are designed to mimic human behavior and possess the ability to learn from their experiences, adapt to new situations, and interact with their environment.One example of an intelligent robot is Sophia, a humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong-based company Hanson Robotics. Sophia is capable of holding conversations, recognizing faces, and expressing emotions through facial expressions. She has been programmed to learn and improve her knowledge over time, making her one of the most advanced AI robots in the world.Intelligent robots are revolutionizing various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and customer service. In manufacturing, these robots can perform complex tasks with precision and efficiency, leading to increased productivity and cost savings. In healthcare, robots are being used to assist with surgeries, provide companionship to the elderly, and even deliver medication to patients. In customer service, AI-powered chatbots are able to handle customer inquiries and provide support 24/7, improving the overall customer experience.In my opinion, intelligent robots have the potential to greatly benefit society by taking on repetitive and dangerous tasks, freeing up humans to focus on morecreative and meaningful work. However, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on employment and the ethical implications of giving robots too much autonomy.Overall, intelligent robots are a fascinating and rapidly evolving technology that has the potential to reshape the way we live and work. As the technologycontinues to advance, it will be important to carefully consider the ethical and societal implications ofintegrating intelligent robots into our daily lives.中文：智能机器人介绍。
Robots机器人 中英文翻译
RobotsA robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, mani pulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.The key words are reprogrammable and multipurpose because most single-purpose machines do not meet these two requirements.The term”reprogrammabl e” implies two things:The robot operates according to a written program can b e rewritten to accomdate a variety of manufacturing tasks. The term “multipurp ose” means that the robot can perform many different functions, depending on the program and tooling currently in use.Over the past two decades,the robot has been introduced into industry to perform many monotonous and often unsafe operations. Because robots can per form certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are bei ng increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.Structures of RobotsThe typical structure of industrial robots consists of 4 major components: the manipulator, the end effector, the power supply and control syterm.The manipulator is a mechanical unite that provides motions similar to those of a human arm. It often has a shoulder joint,an elbow and a wrist. It can rotate or slide, strech out and withdraw in every possible direction with certain flexibility.The basic mechanical configurations of the robot manipulator are categorized as Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and articulated.A robot with a Cartesian geometry can move its gripper to any position within the cube or rectangle defined as its working volum.Cylindrical coordinate robots can move the gripper within a volum that is described by a cylinder. The cylindrical coordinate robot is positioned in the work area by two linear movements in the X and Y directions and one angular rotation about the Z axis.Spherical arm geometry robots have an irregular work envelop. This type of robot has two main variants,vertically articulated and horizontally articulated.The end effector attaches itself to the end of the robot wrist, also called end-of-arm tooling.It is the device intended for performing the designed operations as a human hand can.End effectors are generally custom-made to meet special handling requirements. Mechanical grippers are the most commonly used and are equipped with two or more fingers.The selection of an appropriate end effector for a special application depends on such factors as the payload, enviyonment,reliability,and cost.The power supply is the actuator for moving the robot arm, controlling the joints and operating the end effector. The basic type of power sources include electrical,pneumatic, and hydraulic. Each source of energy and each type of motor has its own characteristics, advantages and limitations. An ac-powered motor or dc-powered motor may be used depending on the system design and applications. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the robot.Most new robots use electrical power supply. Pneumatic actuators have been used for high speed. Nonservo robots and are often used for powering tooling such as grippers. Hydraulic actuators have been used for heavier lift systems, typically where accuracy was not also requied.The contro system is the communications and information-processing system that gives commands for the movements of the robot. It is the brain of the robot; it sends signals to the power source to move the robot arm to a specific position and to the end effector.It is also the nerves of the robot; it is reprogrammable to send out sequences of instructions for all movements and actions to be taken by the robot.A open-loop controller is the simplest for of the control system, which controls the robot only by foolowing the predetermined step-by-step instructions.This system dose not have a self-correcting capability.A close-loop control system use feedback sensors to produce signals that reflct the current states of the controed objects. By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller can conduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and the end effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.Classification of RobotIndustrial robots vary widely in size,shape, number of axes,degrees of freedom, and design configuration. Each factor influence the dimensions of the robot’s working envelop or the volume of space within which it can move and perform its designated task. A broader classification of robots can been described as below.Fixed-and Variable-Sequence Robots. The fixed-sequence robot (also called a pick-and place robot) is programmed for a specific sequence of operations. Its movements are form point to point, and the cycle is repeated continuously.The variable-sequence robot can be programmed for a specific sequence of operations but can be programmed to perform another sequence of operation.Playback Robot. An operator leads or walks the playback robot and its end effector through the desired path. The robot memorizes and records the path and sequence of motions and can repeat them continually without any further action or guidance by the operator.Numerically Controlled Robot. The numerically controlled robot is programmed and operated much like a numerically controlled machine. The robot is servocontrolled by digital data, and its sequence of movements can be changed with relative ease.Intelligent Robot. The intelligent robot is capable of performing some of the functions and tasks carried out by huanbeings.It is equipped with a variety of sensors with visual and tactile capabilities.Robot ApplicationsThe robot is a very special type of productin tool; as a result, the applications in which robots are used are quite broad. These applications can be grouped into three categories: material processing, material handling and assembly.In material processing, robots use tools to process the raw material. For example, the robot tools could include a drill and the robot would be able to perfor drilling operaytions on raw material.Material handling consists of the loading, unloading, and transferring of workpieces in manufacturing facilities. These operations can be performed relatively and repeatedly with robots, thereby improving quality and scrap losses.Assembly is another large application area for using robotics. An automatic assembly system can incorporate automatic testing, robot automation and mechanical handling for reducing labor costs, increasing output and eliminating manual handling concers.机器人机器人是一种自动控制的、可重复编程的、多功能的、由几个可重复编程的坐标系来操纵机器的装置，它可以被固定在某地，还可以是移动的以在工业自动化工厂中使用。
智能机器人英文文档
Obstacle Avoidance Design for Humanoid RobotBased on Four Infrared SensorsChing-Chang Wong1*, Chi-Tai Cheng1, Kai-Hsiang Huang1, Yu-Ting Yang1,Hsiang-Min Chan1 and Chii-Sheng Yin21Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University,Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.2Metal Industries Research & Development Centre,Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811, R.O.C.AbstractAbehavior strategy of humanoid robot for obstacle avoidance based on four infrared sensors is proposed and implemented on an autonomous humanoid robot. A mechanical structure with 26 degrees of freedom is design so that an implemented small-size humanoid robot named TWNHR-III is able to accomplish five walking motions. Three walking experiments are presented to illustrate that the proposed biped structure lets TWNHR-III can move forward, turn, and slip. One electronic compass and four infrared sensors are mounted on TWNHR-III to obtain the head direction of the robot and detect obstacles, respectively. Based on the obtained information from these sensors, a decision tree method is proposed to decide one behavior from five movements: walk forward, turn right and left, and slip right and left. Two MATLAB simulations and one real experiment are presented to illustrate that the robot can avoid obstacles autonomously and go to the destination effectively.Key Words: Humanoid Robot, Autonomous Mobile Robot, Obstacle Avoidance, Decision Tree1. IntroductionAlthough the robot has been investigated for many years, there are still many issues to be studied, especially in the humanoid robots [1⎽4]. Hardware and software architectures,walking gait generation, and artificial intelligence are the main research fields of humanoid robots.Robot soccer games are used to encourage the researches on robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). Two international robot soccer associations, RoboCup [5] and FIRA[6], advance this research and hold the international competitions and the international symposiums. Robot soccer games are two teams constituted by several soccer robots to play soccer games under some size restrictions and rules. In the FIRA Cup event, several main categories are organized: the Mi cro-ro bot So ccer t ournament(MiroSot), the Simu lated ro bot So ccer t ournament (SimuroSot),the Robo t So ccer t ournament (RoboSot), and the Hu manoid ro bot So ccer t ournament (HuroSot). In the HuroSot category, the humanoid robot has to detect all information from the game field and decides its strategy by itself. There are many robots in the match field, so the robot must have the ability to avoid the collision with other robots and walk to an appropriate destination.Thus obstacle run is a competition category in the HuroSot league of FIRACup. The main idea of this competition category is used to test the ability of obstacle avoidance of the robot. In general, vision sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared sensors are usually used todetect obstacles in the soccer game [7⎽11].In this paper, a mechanical structure with 26 degrees of freedom is design so that an implemented small-size humanoid robot named TWNHR-III (TaiWaN HumanoidRobot-III) is able to accomplish five walking motions:walk forward, turn right and left, and slip right and left. One digital electronic compass and four infrared sensors are installed on TWNHR-III. Based onthe information obtained from these sensors, a decision tree method is proposed to determine one behavior from these five movements in each decision so that TWNHR-III can avoid obstacles and go to a destination effectively.The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, the system architecture of TWNHR-III is described.In Section 3, a decision tree method for obstacle avoidance is proposed and two simulation results and one practical test on TWNHR-III are described. In Section 4, some conclusions are made.2. System Architecture of TWNHR-IIIThe system architecture of TWNHR-III is described in this section. The height of TWNHR-III is 46 cm and the weight is 3.1 kg with batteries. The frameworks of TWNHR-III are mainly fabricated from aluminum alloy 5052 in order to realize the concepts of light weight, wear-resisting, high stiffness, and wide movable range.Each actuator system of the joint consists of a high torque and a gear. The rotating speed and rotating angle of each joint are designed based on the result of computer program. The mechanical structure and electronic structure of TWNHR-III are described as follows:2.1 Mechanical StructureMechanical structure design is the first step in the humanoid robot design. The degrees of freedom (DOFs) configuration for TWNHR-III is described in Figure 1,where 26 degrees of freedom are implemented and the rotational direction of each joint is defined by using the inertial coordinate system fixed on the ground. There are 2 degrees of freedom on the neck, 2 degrees of freedom on the waist and trunk, 8 degrees of freedom on the arm,and 14 degrees of freedom on the two legs. Aphotograph and some mechanical views of TWNHR-III are respectively described in Figure 2 and Figure 3.Human body mechanism basically comprises bones,joints, muscles, and tendons. It is impossible to replace all of the muscular-skeletal system by current mechanical and electronic components. Therefore, the primary goal of the humanoid robot mechanical design is to let the implemented robot can imitate equivalent human motion. A mechanical structure is designed and implemented so that the implemented humanoid robot can find the ball, walk forward, turn right and left, and slip right and left. The details of the development of the head,waist and trunk, arms, and legs are described as follows:2.1.1 HeadThe 3D mechanism design and DOFs diagram of the head are described in Figure 4, where the head of TWNHR-III has 2 degrees of freedom and each degree is described by the number in (b). The raw and pitch motions are implemented on the head so that it can turn right-and-left and up-and-down. Some corresponding behaviors between human and TWNHR-III in the joints of head are described in Table 1.2.1.2 Waist and TrunkThe 3D mechanism design and DOFs diagram of the waist and trunk are described in Figure 5, where each waist and trunk of TWNHR-III has 2 degrees of freedom and each degree is described by the number in (b). The waist and trunk are designed based on the concept that robot can adjust the trunk motions to compensate for the robot’s walk motion. Some corresponding behaviors between human and TWNHR-III in the joints of waist and trunk are described in Table 2.2.1.3 ArmsThe 3D mechanism design of the arms are described in Figure 6, where each arm of TWNHR-III has 4 degrees of freedom. The arms of the robot are designed based on some behaviors of human’sarms. For example,its arm can hold an object such as a ball. Some corresponding behaviors between human and TWNHR-III in the joints of arms are described in Table 3.2.1.4 LegsIn order to realize the normal walking motion of human,7 degrees of freedom are adopted to implement the joints of one leg. Leg is take great part weight of whole body, due to the knee joint. In order to improve the robust of the leg, two motors are designed and implemented in one knee joint. The 3D mechanism design and DOFs diagram of the legs are described in Figure 7, where each leg of TWNHR-III has 7 degrees of freedom and each degree is described by the number in (b). The legs are designed based on the concept that robot can accomplish the human walking motion. Some corresponding behaviors between human and TWNHR-III in the joints of legs are described in Table 4.2.2. Electronic StructureIn the electronic structure design for TWNHR-III,the system block diagram is described in Figure8, where 26 servomotors with high torques are used as the actuators of the robot. In order to build a fully autonomous vision based humanoid robot, a 16-bit DSP processor with a CMOS sensor is chosen to process the vision image of environment. The image of the field is captured by the CMOS sensor and the position information of the ball and goals is processed and extracted by the DSP processor.One electronic compass and four infrared sensors are mounted on TWNHR-III to obtain the head direction of the robot and detect obstacles, respectively. The installed positions and their detectable ranges of these four infrared sensors are described in Figure 9 and Figure 10, respectively.The electronic compass is mounted on the body to detect the head direction of the robot and the goal direction, respectively. The relative angle of goal direction and robot direction is shown in Figure 11. In the circuit design, the SoPC (System on a Programmable Chip) concept is applied and implemented on a FPGA chip to reduce the complexity of circuit design. The implemented FPGA chip can process the data obtained from the sensors and generate desired pulses to control the angles of servomotors. Many functions are implemented on the FPGAchip to process the data and control the robot so that the weight of the robot is reduced.2.3. Walking ExperimentsA mechanical structure with 26 degrees of freedom is design so that TWNHR-III is able to accomplish five walking motions: walk forward, turn right and left, and slip right and left. Its control method is based on the try and error method. In order to verify the effectiveness ofthe implemented humanoid robot, three basic walking skills: straight walk, turn, and slip are carried out on a horizontal even plane and described as follows:2.3.1 Straight WalkSome snapshots of straight walking of TWNHR-III are shown in Figure 12, where the distance between every white line is 5 cm. Every step of the straight walking is able to move forward 10 cm.2.3.2 TurnSome snapshots of left turning of TWNHR-III are shown in Figure 13, where the angle between every white line is 15 degrees. Each time of the robot turning is able to turn 30 degrees.2.3.3 SlipSome snapshots of right slipping of TWNHR-III are shown in Figure 14, where the distance between every white line is 5 cm. Every step of the robot slipping is able to slip 10 cm.From these experiment results, we can see that the proposed mechanical structure can let TWNHR-III move forward, turn, and slip effectively.3. Obstacle Avoidance3.1 Decision Tree MethodObstacle run is a competition category in the HuroSot league of FIRA Cup. As shown in Figure 15, there is a finish line marked on one side of the playing field. This side of the playing field is called the finish side. The opposite side of the playing field is called the start side. The two other sides are called side lines. Arobot has crossed the finish line when the robot crosses the finish plane and touches the ground in the end zone. During the obstacle run competition, the robot does not allow to touch any obstacles. The robot has to detect obstacles and the direction of the goal line. Adecision tree method based on four infrared sensors is proposed and described in Figure 16. The behavior output of the decision tree is the robot’s five basic motions including go forward, 30 degree right turn, 30 degree left turn, slip right, and slip left. Sixteen behavior situations and their corresponding movements are described in Table 5. The strategy will check the relative behavior from the decision tree before the robot move. In order to let the robot walk toward the goaldirection, the robot will adjust the robot direction to face the goal direction based on the electronic compass informationwhen he robot is in the safe situation (B16 situation).3.2 Simulation and Experiment ResultsIn order to illustrate the proposed method can successfully avoid obstacles and go to the destination,two MATLAB simulations and one real experiment are presented. Figure 17 and Figure 18 illustrate the obstacle avoidance ability of the robot by MATLAB simulation results. In Figure 17, there is one obstacle on the robot’s way to the goal line. When the robot detects the obstacle, the “slip right”behavior is made by the proposed decision tree method to avoid the obstacle based on the detected behavior situation B10. The robot keeps slipping to the right side, until there is no obstacle in front of the robot. When the detected behavior situation is changed from B10 to B16, the “move to goal line” behavior is made to let the robot walk toward the goal line. In Figure 18, there are two obstacles on the robot’s way to the goal line. The robot also chooses the behavior from the proposed behavior strateg y. At the location of “Safe point”,the robot is already in the safe situation. Therefore, the detected behavior situation is B16 to let the robot walk toward the goal line. As the robot moving forward, it detects the other obstacle. The “slip left” behavi or is made to avoid this obstacle based on the detected behavior situation B9. The detected behavior situation will change to B16 when the robot is away from this obstacle.The computer simulation results in Figure 17 andFigure 18 illustrate that the robot can effectively avoid obstacles and successfully arrive the goal line based on the proposed decision tree method. In the practical test, the proposed decision tree method implemented on the TWNHR-III in a real test ground is discussed. Six sequential image stills of TWNHR-III for a real experiment of obstacle avoidance are shown in Figure 19, where two obstacles are on the robot’s way to the goal line. Once TWNHR-III detects the obstacle via the infrared sensors, the robot will do an appropriate behavior to avoid obstacles. We can see that TWNHR-III can successfully avoid two obstacles by the proposed decision tree method.The soccer robot needs to play a soccer game autonomously. Playing soccer game is a good testplatform to verify the ability of the designed and implemented robot. There are many robots in thematch field, so the soccer robot must have the ability to avoid the collision with other robots and move to an appropriate destination. Thus the obstacle run is a competition category in the HuroSot league of FIRACup. Some basic walking experiments of TWNHR-III have been presented to illustrate that the proposed mechanical structure with 26 degrees of freedom can let TWNHR-III move forward, turn, and slip. Based on the obtained information from one compass and four infrared sensors installed on TWNHR-III, a decision tree method is proposed. Two MATLAB simulation results and one practical test on TWNHR-III have been presented to illustrate that the proposed decision tree method can let the robot effectively avoid obstacles and successfully go to the destination. One CMOS sensor is installed on TWNHR-III so that it can be a visionbased soccer robot to autonomously find a ball and kick a ball. Moreover, TWNHR-III won champion of the humanoid league in Taiwan Cup 2006. In the future, TWNHR-III will be used to investigate the walking gait and artificial intelligence. For example, some force sensors will be installed on TWNHR-III to study the biped walking control on even or uneven ground. More research on artificial intelligence will be carried on TWNHR-III to make it to be an intelligent robot.AcknowledgementThis research was supported in part by the National Science Council (NSC) of the Republic of China under contract NSC 95-2221-E-032-057-MY3 and the Metal Industries Research & Development Centre (MIRDC), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.References[1] Ogura, Y., Aikawa, H., Shimomura, K., Kondo, H.,Morishima, A., Lim, H. O. and Takanishi, A., “Development of a New Humanoid Robot WABIAN-2,”IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 835⎽840 (2006).[2] Hirai, K., Hirose, M., Haikawa, Y. and Takenaka, T.,“The Development of Honda Humanoid Robot,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 2, pp. 1321⎽1326 (1998).[3] Kaneko, K., Kanehiro, F., Kajita, S., Hirukawa, H.,Kawasaki, T., Hirata, M., Akachi, K. and Isozumi, T.,“Humanoid Robot HRP-2,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 2, pp. 1083⎽1090 (2004).[4] Lohmeier, S., Loffler, K., Gienger, M., Ulbrich, H. and Pfeiffer, F., “Computer System and Controlof Biped “Johnnie”,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 4, pp. 4222⎽4227 (2004).[5] URL: [6] URL: [7] Borenstein, J. and Koren, Y., “Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance for Fact Mobile Robots,” IEEE Tran. On Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 19, pp. 1179⎽1187 (1989).[8] Crowley, J., “DynamicWorld Modeling for an Intelligent Mobile Robot Using a Rotating Ultra-Sonic Ranging Device,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation,Vol. 2, pp. 128⎽135 (1985).[9] Rao, N. S. V., “Robot Navigation in Unknown Generalized Polygonal Terrains Using Vision Sensors,” IEEE Tran. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 25, pp. 947⎽962 (1995).[10] Innocenti, C., Mondino, G., Regis, P. and Sandini, G., “Trajectory Planning and Real-Time Control of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Equipped withVision and Ultrasonic Sensors,” IEEE/RSJ/GI Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1861⎽1866 (1994).[11] Wong, C. C., Cheng, C. T., Huang, K. H., Yang, Y. T., Chan, H. M. and Yin, C. S., “Me chanical Design of Small-Size Humanoid Robot TWNHR-3,” The 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 451⎽454 (2007).Manuscript Received: Jul. 27, 2007Accepted: Aug. 7, 2008258 Ching-Chang Wong et al.。
智能机器人外文翻译
RobotRobot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development.With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding.With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware. In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate and the arthrosis coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system. The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement. In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear motion. Worm gear can give vary transmission 1ratio. Both of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of compact structure. The design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever. 'The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system. In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic andpracticality. on this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given.The analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is givenin completing the design of mechanical structure and drive system. Kinematics analysis is the basis of path programming and track control. The positive and reverse analysis of manipulator gives the relationship between manipulator space and drive space in position and speed. The relationship between manipulator's tip position and arthrosis angles is concluded by coordinate transform method. The geometry method is used in solving inverse kinematics problem and the result will provide theory evidence for control system. The f0unction of dynamics is to get the relationship between the movement and force and the target is to satisfy the demand of real time control. in this chamfer, Newton-Euripides method is used in analysis dynamic problem of the cleaning robot and the arthrosis force and torque are given which provide the foundation for step motor selecting and structure dynamic optimal ting. Control system is the key and core part of the object holding manipulator system design which will direct effect the reliability and practicality of the robot system in the division of configuration and control function and also will effect or limit the development cost and cycle. With the demand of the PCL-839 card, the PC computer which has a. tight structure and is easy to be extended is used as the principal computer cell and takes the function of system initialization, data operation and dispose, step motor drive and error diagnose and so on. A t the same time, the configuration structure features, task principles and the position function with high precision of the control card PCL-839 are analyzed. Hardware is the matter foundation of the control. System and the software is the spirit of the control system. The target of the software is to combine all the parts in optimizing style and to improve the efficiency and reliability of the control system. The software design of the object holding manipulator control system is divided into several blocks such as 2system initialization block, data process block and error station detect and dispose model and so on. PCL-839 card can solve the communication between the main computer and the control cells and take the measure of reducing the influence of the outer signal to the control system.The start and stop frequency of the step motor is far lower than the maximum running frequency. In order to improve the efficiency of the step motor, the increase and decrease of the speed is must considered when the step motor running in high speed and start or stop with great acceleration. The increase and decrease of the motor's speed can be controlled by the pulse frequency sent to the step motor drive with a rational method. This can be implemented either by hardware or by software. A step motor shift control method is proposed, which is simple to calculate, easy to realize and the theory means is straightforward. The motor' s acceleration can fit the torque-frequency curve properly with this method. And the amount of calculation load is less than the linear acceleration shift control method and the method which is based on the exponential rule to change speed. The method is tested by experiment.At last, the research content and the achievement are sum up and the problemsand shortages in main the content are also listed. The development and application of robot in the future is expected.3机器人机器人是典型的机电一体化装置，它综合运用了机械与精密机械、微电子与计算机、自动控制与驱动、传感器与信息处理以及人工智能等多学科的最新研究成果，随着经济的发展和各行各业对自动化程度要求的提高，机器人技术得到了迅速发展，出现了各种各样的机器人产品。
机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)
外文翻译机器人The robot性质: □毕业设计□毕业论文教学院：机电工程学院系别：机械设计制造及其自动化学生学号：学生姓名：专业班级：指导教师：职称：起止日期：机器人1.机器人的作用机器人是高级整合控制论、机械电子、计算机、材料和仿生学的产物。
在工业、医学、农业、建筑业甚至军事等领域中均有重要用途。
现在，国际上对机器人的概念已经逐渐趋近一致。
一般说来，人们都可以接受这种说法，即机器人是靠自身动力和控制能力来实现各种功能的一种机器。
联合国标准化组织采纳了美国机器人协会给机器人下的定义：“一种可编程和多功能的，用来搬运材料、零件、工具的操作机；或是为了执行不同的任务而具有可改变和可编程动作的专门系统。
2.能力评价标准机器人能力的评价标准包括：智能，指感觉和感知，包括记忆、运算、比较、鉴别、判断、决策、学习和逻辑推理等；机能，指变通性、通用性或空间占有性等；物理能，指力、速度、连续运行能力、可靠性、联用性、寿命等。
因此，可以说机器人是具有生物功能的三维空间坐标机器。
3.机器人的组成机器人一般由执行机构、驱动装置、检测装置和控制系统等组成。
执行机构即机器人本体，其臂部一般采用空间开链连杆机构，其中的运动副（转动副或移动副）常称为关节，关节个数通常即为机器人的自由度数。
根据关节配置型式和运动坐标形式的不同，机器人执行机构可分为直角坐标式、圆柱坐标式、极坐标式和关节坐标式等类型。
出于拟人化的考虑，常将机器人本体的有关部位分别称为基座、腰部、臂部、腕部、手部（夹持器或末端执行器）和行走部（对于移动机器人）等。
驱动装置是驱使执行机构运动的机构，按照控制系统发出的指令信号，借助于动力元件使机器人进行动作。
它输入的是电信号，输出的是线、角位移量。
机器人使用的驱动装置主要是电力驱动装置，如步进电机、伺服电机等，此外也有采用液压、气动等驱动装置。
检测装置的作用是实时检测机器人的运动及工作情况，根据需要反馈给控制系统，与设定信息进行比较后，对执行机构进行调整，以保证机器人的动作符合预定的要求。
智能自动移动机器人系统研究中英文外文文献翻译
本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译(此文档为word格式,下载后您可任意修改编辑!)原文The investigation of an autonomous intelligent mobile robot systemfor indoor environment navigationS KarelinAbstractThe autonomous mobile robotics system designed and implemented for indoor environment navigation is a nonholonomic differential drive system with two driving wheels mounted on the same axis driven by two PID controlled motors and two caster wheels mounted in the front andback respectively. It is furnished with multiple kinds of sensors such as IR detectors ,ultrasonic sensors ,laser line generators and cameras,constituting a perceiving system for exploring its surroundings. Its computation source is a simultaneously running system composed of multiprocessor with multitask and multiprocessing programming. Hybrid control architecture is employed on the rmbile robot to perform complex tasks. The mobile robot system is implemented at the Center for Intelligent Design , Automation and Manufacturfing of City University of Hong Kong.Key words:mobile robot ; intelligent control ; sensors ; navigation IntroductionWith increasing interest in application of autonomous mobile robots in the factory and in service environments，many investigations have been done in areas such as design，sensing，control and navigation，etc. Autonomousreaction to the real wand，exploring the environment，follownng the planned path wnthout collisions and carrying out desired tasks are the main requirements of intelligent mobile robots. As humans，we can conduct these actions easily. For robots however，it is tremendously difficult. An autonomous mobile robot should make use of various sensors to sense the environment and interpret and organize the sensed information to plan a safe motion path using some appropriate algorithms while executing its tasks. Many different kinds of senors havebeen utilized on mobile robots，such as range sensors，light sensors，force sensors，sound sensors，shaft encoders，gyro scope s，for obstacle awidance，localizatio n，rmtion sensing，navigation and internal rmnitoring respectively. Many people use infrared and ultrasonic range sensors to detect obstacles in its reaching ser range finders are also employed in obstacle awidance behavior of mobile robots in cluttered space.Cameras are often introduced into the vision system for mobile robot navigation. Although many kinds of sensors are available，sensing doesn’t mean perceiving. The mechanical shape and driving type are commonly first taken into consideration while implementing a rmbile robot. A robot’s shape can have a strong impact on how robust it is，and DC serve rmtors or stepOper motors are often the two choices to employ as actuators. The shape of a robot may affect its configurations of components，ae sthetics，and even the movement behaviors of the robot. An improper shape can make robot run a greater risk of being trapped in a cluttered room or of failing to find its way through a narrow space. We choose an octahedral shape that has both advantages of rectangular and circular shapes，and overcomes their drawbacks. The framework of the octahedral shaped robot is easy to make，components inside are easily arrange and can pass through narrow places and rotate wrath corners and nearby objects，and is more aesthetic in appearance. The perception subsystem accomplishes the task of getting various data from thesurroundings，including distance of the robot from obstacles，landmarks，etc.Infrared and ultrasonic range sen}rs，laser rangefinders and cameras are utilized and mounted on the rmbile robot to achieve perception of the environment. These sensors are controlled independently by some synchronously running microprocessors that are arranged wrath distributive manner，and activated by the main processor on which a supervising program runs. At present，infrared and ultranic sensors，laser rangefinders are programmed to detect obstacles and measure distance of the robot from objects in the environment，and cameras are programmed for the purpose of localization and navigation.The decision-making subsystem is the most important part of an intelligent mobile robot that organizes and utilizes the information obtained from the perception subsystem. It obtains reasonable results by some intelligent control algorithm and guides the rmbile robot. On our mobile robotic system intelligence is realized based on behaviourism and classical planning principles. The decision-making system is composed of twa levels global task planning based on knowledge base and map of working enviro nment，reactive control to deal with the dynamic real world. Reaction tasks in the decision-making system are decomposed into classes of behaviors that the robot exhibits to accomplish the task. Fuzzy logic is used to implement some basic behaviors. A state machine mechanism is applied to coordinate different behaviors. Because manykinds of electronic components such as range sensors，cameras，frame grabbers，laser line generators，microprocessors，DC motors，encoders，are employed on the mobile robot，a power source must supply various voltage levels which should are stable and have sufficient power. As the most common solution to power source of mobile robots，two sealed lead acid batteries in series writh 24 V output are employed in our mobile robot for the rmtor drive components and electronic components which require 24 V，15V，士12V，+9V，士5V，variously. For the conversion and regulation of the voltage，swritching DC DC converters are used because of their high efficiency，low output ripple and noise，and wride input voltage range. Three main processors are Motorola MC68040 based single board computers on which some supervisory programs and decision-making programs run. These MC68040 boards run in parallel and share memory using a VMEbus. Three motorola MC68HC11 based controllers act as the lower level controllers of the infrared and ultranic range senors，which communicate with the main processors through serial ports. The multi-processor system is organized into a hierarchical and distributive structure to implement fast gathering of information and rapid reaction. Harmony，a multiprocessing and multitasking operating system for real-time control，runs on the main processors to implement multiprocessing and multitasking programming. Harmony is a runtime only environment and program executions are performed by downloadingcrosscompiled executable images into target processors. The hardware architecture of the mobile robot is shown in Fig. Robots control For robots，the three rmst comrmn drive systems are wheels，tracks and legs. Wheeled robots are mechanically simpler and easier to construct than legged and tracked systems that generally require more complex and heavier hardware，so our mobile robot is designed as a wheeled robot. For a wheeled robot，appropriate arrangements of driving and steering wheels should be chosen from differential，synchro，tricycle，and automotive type drive mechanisms. Differential drives use twa caster wheels and two driven wheels on a common axis driven independently，which enable the robot to move straight，in an arc and turn in place. All wheels are rotate simultaneously in the synchro drive;tricycle drive includes two driven wheels and one steering wheel;automobile type drive rotates the front twa wheels together like a car. It is obvious that differential drive is the simplest locomotion system for both programming and construction.However，a difficult problem for differentially driven robots is how to make the robot go straight，especially when the motors of the two wheels encounter different loads. To follow a desired path，the rmtor velocity must be controlled dynamically. In our mobile robot system a semv motor controller is used which implements PID control.Ibwer amplifiers that drive the motors amplify the signals from each channel of serwcontroller. Feedback is provided by shaft encoders on the wheels.The block diagram of the motor control electronic components are shown in Fig. 2，and the strategy of two wheel speed control based PID principle is illustrated in Fig.3. Top loop is for tracking the desired left motor velocity;bottom loop for tracking right motor velocity;Integral loop ensures the robot to go straight as desired and controls the steering of the robot. This is a simple PI control that can satisfy the general requirements.Sensing subsystemSensor based planning makes use of sensor information reflecting the current state of the environment，in contrast to classical planning，which assumes full knowledge of the environment prior to planning. The perceptive subsystem integrates the visual and proximity senors for the reaction of the robot. It plays an important role in the robot behavioral decision-making processes and motion control. Field of view of perceptive subsystem is the first consideration in the design of the sensing system. Fneld of view should be wide enough with sufficient depth of field to understand well the robot’s surroundings. Multiple sensors can provide information that is difficult to extract from single sensor systems. Multiple sensors are complementary to each other，providing a better understanding of the work environment. Omnidirectional sensory capability is endowed on our mobile robot. When attempting to utilize multiple senors，it must be decided how many different kinds of sensorsare to be used in order to achieve the desired motion task，both accurately and economically.Ultrasonic range sensing is an attractive sensing rmdalityfor mobile robots because it is relatively simple to implement and process，has low cost and energy consumption. In addition，high frequencies can be used to minimize interference from the surrounding environment. A special purpose built infrared ranging system operates similar to sonar，determining the obstacle’s presence or absence and also the distance to an object. For detecting smaller obstacles a laser rangefinder can be used. It can be titled down to the ground to detect the small objects near the robot. Identifying robot self position and orientation is a basic behavior that can be part of high level complex behaviors. For localizing a dead reckoning method is adopted using the output of shaft encoders. This method can have accumulated error on the position and orientation. Many external sensors can be used for identification of position and orientation. Cameras are the most popular sensor for this purpose，because of naturally occurring features of a mom as landmarks，such as air conditioning system，fluorescent lamps，and suspended ceiling frames.Any type of sensor has inherent disadvantages that need to be taken into consideration. For infrared range senors，if there is a sharply defined boundary on the target betweendifferent materials，colors，etc.，the sensor may not be able to calculate distance accurately. Some of these problemscan be avoided if due care is taken when installing and setting up the sensor. Crosstalk and specular reflection are the two main problems for ultrasonic sensors. The firing rates，blanking intervals，firing order，and timeouts of the ultrasonic sensor system can configured to improve performance. Laser ranging systems can fail to detect objects made of transparent materials or with poor light reflectivity. In this work，we have chosen range sensors and imaging sensors as the primary source of information. The range sensors employed include ultrasonic sensors and short and long range infrared sensors with features above mentioned. The imaging sensors comprise gray scale video cameras and laser rangefinders. Twenty-four ultrasonic sensors are arranged in a ring with a separation angle of 15 degrees on our mobile robot to detect the objects in a 3600 field of view. This will allow the robot to navigatearound an unstructured environment and to construct ac curate sonar maps by using environmental objects as naturally occurring beacons. With the sonar system we can detect objects from a minimum range of 15 cm to a maximum range of 10. 0 m. Infrared range sensors use triangulation，emitting an infrared spot from an emitter，and measuring the position of the imaged spot with a PSD (position sensitive detector).Since these devices use triangulation，object color，orientation，and ambient light have greater effect on sensitivity rather than accuracy. Since the transmission signal is light instead of sound，we may expect a dramatically shortercycle time for obtaining all infrared sensor measurements. A getup of 16 short and a group of 16 long infrared sensors are mounted in twa rings with equal angular Generally speaking，the robot motion closed control loops comprising sensing，planning，and acting should take very short cycle times，so a parallel computation mechanism is employed in our mobile robot based on multiprocessor. Usually we can make events run in parallel on single microprocessor or multiprocessor by twa methods，multitasking and multiprocessing. Well known multitasking OS is like Microsoft window' 95 and UNIX OS that can make multitask run in parallel on a sequential machine by giving a fraction of time to each behavior looply. In fact，multitask mechanism just simulates the effect of all events running simultaneously. Running all events on multiprocessor can realize true parallelism. In our mobile robot，using Harmony OS both multitasking and multiprocessing programming is implemented on multiprocessor (MC68040 processors) which share memories and communicate each other by VMEbus. Harmony allows creating many tasks as desired which can be map toseveral microprocesors and run in parallel .In addition，tasks written in C run on MC68040 can activate the assembly code in the MC68HC11 SBC which control infrared and ultrasonic sensors and get distances dates. These SBC run simultaneously with MC68040 processors. An instance of an implemented task structure is shown in Fng. 5.Some experiments，such as following lines，avoiding obstacles and area filling have been carried out on the rmbile system to demonstrates its real-time reactions to the working surroundings and robustness of the system. ConclusionWe have described the implementation of a intelligent mobile robot testbed for autonomous navigation in indoor environments and for investigation of relative theories and technologies of intelligent systems. The robot is furnished with range sensors，laser line generators and vision system to perceive its surroundings. Parallel computation based on multiprocessor is employed in the mobile robot to improve its power of reasoning and response. Low level processing and sensor control is carried out with low cost dedicated microcontrollers. A task based real-time operating system supports a variety of different control structures，allowing us to experiment with different approaches. The experiments indicate the effectiveness of the mobile robot system .The platform has been used for experimenu and research such as sensor data fusion，area filling，feedback control，as well as artificial intelligence.译文基于室内环境导航的智能自动移动机器人系统研究卡若琳摘要这种为室内境导航条件下设计生产的自主移动机器人系统是一个不完整的差速传动系统，它有两个安装在同一轴上通过两个PID控制的电机驱动的驱动轮和两个分别安装在前部和后部的脚轮。
机器人外文翻译(文献翻译_中英文翻译)
外文翻译外文资料：RobotsFirst, I explain the background robots, robot technology development. It should be said it is a common scientific and technological development of a comprehensive results, for the socio-economic development of a significant impact on a science and technology. It attributed the development of all countries in the Second World War to strengthen the economic input on strengthening the country's economic development. But they also demand the development of the productive forces the inevitable result of human development itself is the inevitable result then with the development of humanity, people constantly discuss the natural process, in understanding and reconstructing the natural process, people need to be able to liberate a slave. So this is the slave people to be able to replace the complex and engaged in heavy manual labor, People do not realize right up to the world's understanding and transformation of this technology as well as people in the development process of an objective need. Robots are three stages of development, in other words, we are accustomed to regarding robots are divided into three categories. is a first-generation robots, also known as teach-type robot, it is through a computer, to control over one of a mechanical degrees of freedom Through teaching and information stored procedures, working hours to read out information, and then issued a directive so the robot can repeat according to the people at that time said the results show this kind of movement again, For example, the car spot welding robots, only to put this spot welding process, after teaching, and it is always a repeat of a work It has the external environment is no perception that the force manipulation of the size of the work piece there does not exist, welding 0S It does not know, then this fact from the first generation robot, it will exist this shortcoming, it in the 20th century, the late 1970s, people started to study the second-generation robot, called Robot with the feeling that This feeling with the robot is similar in function of a certain feeling, forinstance, force and touch, slipping, visual, hearing and who is analogous to that with all kinds of feelings, say in a robot grasping objects, In fact, it can be the size of feeling out, it can through visual, to be able to feel and identify its shape, size, color Grasping an egg, it adopted a acumen, aware of its power and the size of the slide. Third-generation robots, we were a robotics ideal pursued by the most advanced stage, called intelligent robots, So long as tell it what to do, not how to tell it to do, it will be able to complete the campaign, thinking and perception of this man-machine communication function and function Well, this current development or relative is in a smart part of the concept and meaning But the real significance of the integrity of this intelligent robot did not actually exist, but as we continued the development of science and technology, the concept of intelligent increasingly rich, it grows ever wider connotations.Now, I would like to briefly outline some of the industrial robot situation. So far, the industrial robot is the most mature and widely used category of a robot, now the world's total sales of 1.1 million Taiwan, which is the 1999 statistics, however, 1.1 million in Taiwan have been using the equipment is 75 million, this volume is not small. Overall, the Japanese industrial robots in this one, is the first of the robots to become the Kingdom, the United States have developed rapidly. Newly installed in several areas of Taiwan, which already exceeds Japan, China has only just begun to enter the stage of industrialization, has developed a variety of industrial robot prototype and small batch has been used in production.Spot welding robot is the auto production line, improve production efficiency and raise the quality of welding car, reduce the labor intensity of a robot. It is characterized by two pairs of robots for spot welding of steel plate, bearing a great need for the welding tongs, general in dozens of kilograms or more, then its speed in meters per second a 5-2 meter of such high-speed movement. So it is generally five to six degrees of freedom, load 30 to 120 kilograms, the great space, probably expected that the work of a spherical space, a high velocity, the concept of freedom, that is to say, Movement is relatively independent of the number of components, the equivalent of our body, waist is a rotary degree of freedom We have to be able to hold his arm, Arm can be bent, then this three degrees of freedom, Meanwhile there is a wristposture adjustment to the use of the three autonomy, the general robot has six degrees of freedom. We will be able to space the three locations, three postures, the robot fully achieved, and of course we have less than six degrees of freedom. Have more than six degrees of freedom robot, in different occasions the need to configure.The second category of service robots, with the development of industrialization, especially in the past decade, Robot development in the areas of application are continuously expanding, and now a very important characteristic, as we all know, Robot has gradually shifted from manufacturing to non-manufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sector including cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief, etc. These belong to the non-manufacturing industries and service industries, so here is compared with the industrial robot, it is a very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports, there are some arms operate, also installed some as a force sensor and visual sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, etc. It’s surrounding environment for the conduct of identification, to determine its campaign to complete some work, this is service robot’s one of the basic characteristics.For example, domestic robot is mainly embodied in the example of some of the carpets and flooring it to the regular cleaning and vacuuming. The robot it is very meaningful, it has sensors, it can furniture and people can identify, It automatically according to a law put to the ground under the road all cleaned up. This is also the home of some robot performance.The medical robots, nearly five years of relatively rapid development of new application areas. If people in the course of an operation, doctors surgery, is a fatigue, and the other manually operated accuracy is limited. Some universities in Germany, which, facing the spine, lumbar disc disease, the identification, can automatically use the robot-aided positioning, operation and surgery Like the United States have been more than 1,000 cases of human eyeball robot surgery, the robot, also including remote-controlled approach, the right of such gastrointestinal surgery, we see on the television inside. a manipulator, about the thickness fingers such a manipulator, inserted through the abdominal viscera, people on the screen operating the machines hand, it also used the method of laser lesion laser treatment, this is the case, peoplewould not have a very big damage to the human body.In reality, this right as a human liberation is a very good robots, medical robots it is very complex, while it is fully automated to complete all the work, there are difficulties, and generally are people to participate. This is America, the development of such a surgery Lin Bai an example, through the screen, through a remote control operator to control another manipulator, through the realization of the right abdominal surgery A few years ago our country the exhibition, the United States has been successful in achieving the right to the heart valve surgery and bypass surgery. This robot has in the area, caused a great sensation, but also, AESOP's surgical robot, In fact, it through some equipment to some of the lesions inspections, through a manipulator can be achieved on some parts of the operation Also including remotely operated manipulator, and many doctors are able to participate in the robot under surgery Robot doctor to include doctors with pliers, tweezers or a knife to replace the nurses, while lighting automatically to the doctor's movements linked, the doctor hands off, lighting went off, This is very good, a doctor's assistant.Robot is mankind's right-hand man; friendly coexistence can be a reliable friend. In future, we will see and there will be a robot space inside, as a mutual aide and friend. Robots will create the jobs issue. We believe that there would not be a "robot appointment of workers being laid off" situation, because people with the development of society, In fact the people from the heavy physical and dangerous environment liberated, so that people have a better position to work, to create a better spiritual wealth and cultural wealth.译文资料：机器人首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。
智能机器人的用处英语作文
智能机器人的用处英语作文Artificial Intelligence and the Versatility of Smart RobotsThe rapid advancement of technology has paved the way for the development of intelligent machines, commonly known as smart robots. These sophisticated systems have the ability to perform a wide range of tasks, making them invaluable assets in various sectors of our society. From industrial applications to healthcare and beyond, the versatility of smart robots has become increasingly apparent, revolutionizing the way we approach complex challenges.One of the primary applications of smart robots is in the industrial sector. These machines are capable of executing repetitive tasks with unparalleled precision and efficiency, often outperforming human workers in terms of speed and accuracy. In manufacturing plants, smart robots can be programmed to assemble products, handle materials, and even conduct quality control checks, all while maintaining a consistent level of performance. This not only increases productivity but also reduces the risk of human error, leading to higher-quality products and reduced costs for businesses.Moreover, smart robots are finding their way into the healthcareindustry, where they are being utilized to enhance patient care and improve medical outcomes. In surgical procedures, robotic systems can assist surgeons with intricate operations, providing a steadier hand and enhanced visualization capabilities. This has led to more precise and less invasive surgical techniques, resulting in faster recovery times for patients and reduced risks of complications. Additionally, smart robots are being employed in rehabilitation centers, where they can aid in the physical therapy of patients, helping them regain mobility and independence.Another area where smart robots are making a significant impact is in the field of exploration and disaster response. These machines can be deployed to hazardous environments, such as deep-sea missions or disaster-stricken areas, where they can gather critical data, assess damage, and even assist in rescue efforts. Their ability to operate in conditions that would be unsafe for human personnel makes them invaluable tools in these high-risk scenarios.Furthermore, smart robots are finding their way into our homes, where they can perform a variety of domestic tasks. Robotic vacuums, for instance, can autonomously clean floors, freeing up time for homeowners to focus on other activities. Similarly, smart home assistants can control various household appliances, manage schedules, and even provide personalized recommendations based on user preferences.Beyond these practical applications, smart robots are also being utilized in the realm of education and research. Robotic platforms can be programmed to engage students in interactive learning experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of scientific concepts and technological advancements. In the research field, smart robots can be employed to conduct experiments, collect data, and even assist in the development of new technologies, accelerating the pace of innovation.It is important to note that the versatility of smart robots is not limited to the examples mentioned above. As technology continues to evolve, the potential applications of these intelligent machines are virtually limitless. From agricultural automation to space exploration, smart robots are poised to play an increasingly vital role in shaping the future of various industries and sectors.However, the integration of smart robots into our society also raises important ethical and societal considerations. Concerns about job displacement, privacy, and the potential for misuse of these technologies must be addressed through thoughtful policymaking and ongoing public discourse. As we embrace the benefits of smart robots, it is crucial to ensure that their implementation aligns with our values and promotes the well-being of individuals and communities.In conclusion, the versatility of smart robots is a testament to the remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics. These intelligent machines have the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives, from enhancing industrial efficiency to improving healthcare and beyond. As we continue to explore the vast capabilities of smart robots, it is essential that we do so with a careful and responsible approach, ensuring that the benefits of these technologies are equitably distributed and that their implementation aligns with our societal values.。
智能机器人英语作文
智能机器人英语作文Title: The Evolution of Intelligent Robotics。
In recent years, the field of robotics has witnessed remarkable advancements, particularly in the realm of intelligent machines. These intelligent robots, equipped with sophisticated AI algorithms, have revolutionized various industries and are poised to redefine the way we live and work. In this essay, we will delve into the characteristics, applications, and implications of intelligent robots.Intelligent robots are distinguished by their ability to perceive, learn, and adapt to their environment autonomously. Unlike traditional robots, which operate based on pre-programmed instructions, intelligent robots utilize artificial intelligence to process sensory information, make decisions, and execute tasks with minimal human intervention. This autonomy enables them to perform complex operations in diverse settings, ranging frommanufacturing and healthcare to exploration and entertainment.One of the defining features of intelligent robots is their capacity for learning. Through machine learning techniques such as deep learning and reinforcement learning, these robots can analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and improve their performance over time. This adaptive capability is particularly advantageous in dynamic environments where conditions may change unpredictably.The applications of intelligent robots span a widerange of industries and domains. In manufacturing, they enhance efficiency and flexibility by automating assembly processes and quality control. In healthcare, they assist surgeons in delicate procedures, monitor patients' vital signs, and provide personalized care. In agriculture, they optimize crop management and harvesting techniques, contributing to increased productivity and sustainability.Furthermore, intelligent robots play a crucial role in exploration and research. They are deployed in spacemissions to conduct experiments, collect data, and assist astronauts in extraterrestrial environments. They also facilitate deep-sea exploration by navigating hazardous underwater terrain and gathering valuable information about marine ecosystems.However, the proliferation of intelligent robots raises ethical, social, and economic considerations. As these machines become increasingly autonomous, questions arise regarding accountability and decision-making in case of errors or accidents. Moreover, the widespread adoption of robotics technologies may lead to job displacement in certain sectors, necessitating policies to mitigate socioeconomic impacts and ensure equitable distribution of opportunities.In conclusion, intelligent robots represent a significant milestone in the evolution of robotics technology. With their autonomy, learning capabilities, and diverse applications, they have the potential to transform industries, enhance productivity, and improve quality of life. Nevertheless, it is essential to address the ethical,social, and economic implications associated with their deployment to ensure responsible and sustainable integration into society.。
智能机器人外文翻译
智能外文翻译智能外文翻译：1、简介智能是一种具备和机械结构的智能设备，可以执行复杂的任务并与人类进行互动。
本文将介绍智能的基本原理、分类以及应用领域。
2、历史发展智能的发展可以追溯到20世纪初，随着计算机技术和机械工程的进步，智能逐渐成为可能。
自动驾驶汽车、智能和工业生产中的等都是智能在不同领域的应用。
3、工作原理智能的工作原理涉及多个学科领域，包括计算机科学、机器学习和机械工程等。
智能通过感知环境、处理信息和执行任务来与周围环境进行交互。
4、分类智能可以根据其功能和应用领域进行分类。
常见的分类包括家庭助方式器人、医疗、工业和军事等。
4.1 家庭助方式器人家庭助方式器人是一种智能，可以帮助处理日常家务，比如打扫房间、做饭和提供娱乐等。
4.2 医疗医疗是一种用于医疗治疗和手术操作的智能设备，可以提高手术的准确性和患者的治疗效果。
4.3 工业工业是在工业生产环节中使用的智能，可以自动执行重复性任务、提高生产效率和质量。
4.4 军事军事是用于军事作战和侦查目的的智能设备，可以替代人类执行危险任务，如拆除炸弹和侦察敌情。
5、应用领域智能的应用领域广泛，涵盖了家庭、医疗、农业、工业和军事等多个领域。
智能的使用可以提高生活质量、提高工作效率和降低人力成本。
6、附件本文档附带的附件包括相关研究论文、案例分析和技术报告等。
7、法律名词及注释7.1 （Artificial Intelligence）：指由机器和计算机程序实现的模拟人类智能的能力。
7.2 机器学习（Machine Learning）：是的一个分支，通过机器学习算法使机器能够根据以往的经验和数据进行学习和自我改进。
7.3 感知（Perception）：智能通过感知技术获取环境信息，例如视觉、听觉和触觉等。
7.4 任务执行（Task Execution）：智能根据输入信息执行特定的任务，例如物体抓取、路径规划和语音识别。
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RobotRobot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development.With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding.With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware. In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate and the arthrosis coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system. The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement. In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear motion. Worm gear can give vary transmissionratio. Both of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of compact structure. The design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever. 'The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system. In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and practicality. on this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given.The analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in completing the design of mechanical structure and drive system. Kinematics analysis is the basis of path programming and track control. The positive and reverse analysis of manipulator gives the relationship between manipulator space and drive sp ace in position and speed. The relationship between manipulator’s tip position and arthrosis angles is concluded by coordinate transform method. The geometry method is used in solving inverse kinematics problem and the result will provide theory evidence for control system. The f0unction of dynamics is to get the relationship between the movement and force and the target is to satisfy the demand of real time control. in this chamfer, Newton-Euripides method is used in analysis dynamic problem of the cleaning robot and the arthrosis force and torque are given which provide the foundation for step motor selecting and structure dynamic optimal ting.Control system is the key and core part of the object holding manipulator system design which will direct effect the reliability and practicality of the robot system in the division of configuration and control function and also will effect or limit the development cost and cycle. With the demand of the PCL-839 card, the PC computer which has a. tight structure and is easy to be extended is used as the principal computer cell and takes the function of system initialization, data operation and dispose, step motor drive and error diagnose and so on. A t the same time, the configuration structure features, task principles and the position function with high precision of the control card PCL-839 are analyzed. Hardware is the matter foundation of the control. System and the software is the spirit of the control system. The target of the software is to combine all the parts in optimizing style and to improve the efficiency and reliability of the control system. The software design of the object holding manipulator control system is divided into several blocks such assystem initialization block, data process block and error station detect and dispose model and so on. PCL-839 card can solve the communication between the main computer and the control cells and take the measure of reducing the influence of the outer signal to the control system.The start and stop frequency of the step motor is far lower than the maximum running frequency. In order to improve the efficiency of the step motor, the increase and decrease of the speed is must considered when the step motor running in high speed and start or stop with great acceleration. The increase and decrease of the motor’s speed can be controlled by the pulse frequency sent to the step motor drive with a rational method. This can be implemented either by hardware or by software. A step motor shift control method is proposed, which is simple to calculate, easy to realize and the theory means is straightforward. The motor' s acceleration can fit the torque-frequency curve properly with this method. And the amount of calculation load is less than the linear acceleration shift control method and the method which is based on the exponential rule to change speed. The method is tested by experiment.At last, the research content and the achievement are sum up and the problems and shortages in main the content are also listed. The development and application of robot in the future is expected.机器人机器人是典型的机电一体化装置，它综合运用了机械与精密机械、微电子与计算机、自动控制与驱动、传感器与信息处理以及人工智能等多学科的最新研究成果，随着经济的发展和各行各业对自动化程度要求的提高，机器人技术得到了迅速发展，出现了各种各样的机器人产品。