100本口笔译教程资料下载汇总
公共翻译资格考试初级口译资料整理
公共翻译资格考试初级口译资料整理公共翻译资格考试初级口译资料整理促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的'政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” polic y强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management对新项目实行环境影响评估conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提高全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区(珠海) Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响impact on the quality of the water and the air治理环境污染curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control。
超全口译资料
at the gracious invitation of应/承蒙……的盛情邀请to pay a goodwill visit对……进行友好访问远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友friend coming from afar/the other side of the pacific由衷的谢意heartfelt thanks友好款待gracious hospitality正式邀请official invitation出席宴会的贵宾有…I would like to introduce the honored guests attending the banquet…谢谢您亲自专程赶来接待我Thank you very much for coming all the way to meet me in person 您旅途过的如何? How was your journey?我希望您在这里过得愉快I hope you enjoy your stay here我谨代表活动的主办方，对各位的到来表示热烈的欢迎On behalf of the organizer, I wish to extend to a warm welcome to you我以我个人的名义，对你们的盛情款待表示衷心的感谢In the name of myself, I would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation of your gracious hospitality我代表中国政府向贵国人民致以亲切的问候I would like to extend, on behalf of Chinese government, our cordial greetings中国有句古话说：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？As Chinese saying goes, ”Nothing is more delightful than meeting friends coming from afar.”我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真诚的谢意On the behalf of all the members of my mission,I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thans to our host for their earnest invitation.我很荣幸的代表中国中国政府和人民向来日英国的代表团表示热烈的欢迎。
口译教程获取信息
1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯
• 医生解释说，由于食物进入 胃以后，必须经过一到两个 小时的消化过程，才能缓慢 排出。
1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯
• 如果人们在饭后立即吃进水果，就 会被先期到达的食物阻滞在胃内， 致使水果不能正常地在胃内消化， 在胃内时间过长，从而引起腹胀、 腹泻或便秘等症状。
1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
eyebrows
眉毛
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
• Those tiny little hairs above our eyes that many women pluck or paint play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes.
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
• Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat.
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
• When it’s pouring with rain outside or when sweat runs down our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes.
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
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口译实践资料
口译实践资料第一篇：口译实践资料英译汉：1.First of all let us take the Chinese language.As the Chinese live a life of the heart, the Chinese language, I say, is also a language of the heart.Now it is a well-known fact that children and uneducated persons among foreigners in China learn Chinese very easily, much more so than grown-up and educated persons.What is the reason of this? The reason, I say, is because children and uneducated persons think and speak with the language of the heart, whereas educated men, especially men with the modern intellectual education of Europe, think and speak with the language of the head or intellect.In fact, the reason why educated foreigners find it so difficult to learn Chinese, is because they are too educated, too intellectually and scientifically educated.As it is said of the Kingdom of Heaven, so it may also be said of the Chinese language:_“Unless you become as little children, you cannot learn it.” Next let us take another well-known fact in the life of the Chinese people.The Chinese, it is well-known, have wonderful memories.What is the secret of this? The secret is: the Chinese remember things with the heart and not with the head.The heart with its power of sympathy, acting as glue, can retain things much better than the head or intellect which is hard and dry.It is, for instance, also for this reason that we;all of us, can remember things which we learnt when we were children much better than we can remember things which we learnt in mature life.As children, like the Chinese, we remember things with the heart and not with the head.Let us next take another generally admitted fact in the life of theChinese people_their politeness.The Chinese are, it has often been remarked, a peculiarly polite people.Now what is the essence of true politeness? It is consideration for the feelings of others.The Chinese are polite because, living a life of the heart, they know their own feelings and that makes it easy for them to show consideration for the feelings of others.The politeness of the Chinese, although not elaborate like the politeness of the Japanese, is pleasing because it is, as the French beautifully expresstheir civilisation and that the Chinese civilisation is a stagnant one.Nevertheless, it must be admitted that, as far as pure intellectual life goes, the Chinese are, to a certain extent, a people of arrested development.The Chinese, as you all know, have made little or no progress not only in the physical, but also in the pure abstract sciences such as mathematics, logic and metaphysics.Indeed the very words “science” and “logic” in the European languages have no exact equivalent in the Chinese language.The Chinese, like children who live a life of the heart, have no taste for the abstract sciences, because in these the heart and feelings are not engaged.In fact, for everything which does not engage the heart and feelings, such as tables of statistics, the Chinese have a dislike amounting to aversion.But if tables of statistics and the pure abstract sciences fill the Chinese with aversion, the physical sciences as they are now pursued in Europe, which require you to cut up and mutilate the body of a living animal in order to verify a scientific theory, would inspire the Chinese with repugnance and horror.Key: 首先，我们来谈谈中国的语言。
CATTI英语二三级口笔译资料下载汇总
CATTI英语翻译二三级口笔译考试辅导丛书+真题下载汇总辅导丛书：英语二级口笔译大纲+实务+综合能力+历年真题官方用书下载英语三级口笔译大纲+实务+综合能力+历年真题官方用书下载英语三级口笔译综合+实务辅导录音全26盒mp3下载[下载]翻译资格2级口译综合能力(部分)MP3真题：[下载]全国翻译专业资格水平考试辅导丛书—英语三级笔译考试真题详解(2003-2005)[下载]2004年5月英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案[下载]2003年12月英语二级口译综合能力试题及答案[下载]2004年5月英语三级笔译实务试题及答案[下载]2003年英语三级口译综合能力录音材料[下载]2003年12月英语三级口译实务试题及答案各种口笔译教程、试题资料汇总（2009年10月16日更新）纳米盘下载不了的同学，可点击实用翻译教程迅雷全部下载可用Ctrl+F，在左下角会出现“查找： ”，可输入你想要查找的书籍笔译：【中文】《中国翻译通史》(A History of Translation in China)达妮卡：口笔译概论翻译期刊集合梅德明：新编商务英语翻译翁凤翔：当代国际商务英语翻译介绍翻译研究Introducing Translaiton Studies【实用翻译教程】Edwin Gentzler：当代翻译理论（第二版）许钧等：文学翻译的理论与实践-翻译对话录（8月7日更新）（中国对外翻译出版公司）刘重德：西方译论研究.pdf（8月7日更新）2本李延林等：英语文化翻译学教程(理论+实践)（8月7日更新）英国诗选-卞之琳译+卞之琳的翻译思想与译诗实践漫谈期刊（8月7日更新） 张保红：汉英诗歌翻译与比较研究（8月7日更新）查良铮：雪莱抒情诗选英译.pdf（8月7日更新）文学翻译实用指南Literary Translation-A Practical Guide（8月7日更新）刘重德：文学翻译十讲.pdf（8月7日更新）翻译与翻译过程：理论与实践.pdf（8月6日更新）郭建中：科普与科幻翻译-理论、技巧与实践.pdf（8月6日更新）（英文原版）文化构建：文学翻译论集.pdf（8月6日更新）孙迎春：汉英双向翻译学语林.pdf（8月6日更新）程永生：描写交际翻译学.pdf（8月6日更新）翻译精要-陈定安.pdf（8月6日更新）陈定安：英汉修辞与翻译.pdf（8月6日更新）蒋坚松和黄振定：语言与翻译研究.pdf（8月6日更新）张光明：英汉修辞思维比较与翻译（8月6日更新）费道罗夫：翻译理论概要.pdf（8月6日更新）汉英英汉美文翻译与鉴赏+(中英对照)张今：文学翻译原理.pdf（8月5日更新）语内翻译与语际翻译的比较（8月5日更新）张振玉：译学概论（8月5日更新）杜建慧等：翻译学概论.pdf（8月5日更新）郭延礼_中国近代翻译文学（8月5日更新）（北京大学出版社）孔慧怡：翻译·文学·文化.pdf（8月5日更新）廖七一等：当代英国翻译理论（8月5日更新）于光中谈翻译.pdf（8月5日更新）刘季春：实用翻译教程.pdf刘牟尼：汉译英指南.pdf徐亚男：外事翻译-口译和笔译技巧.pdf张宗美：科技汉英翻译技巧.pdf李学平：通过翻译学英语.pdf稽德全：汉英翻译研究与实践.pdf胡晓吉：实用英汉对比翻译.pdf黄新渠：汉译英基本技巧(修订本）.pdf罗进德：翻译理论与实务丛书-汉英时文翻译：政治经济汉译英300句析（贾文波）.pdf方梦之：实用文本汉译英.pdf陈廷祐：跟我学翻译-英语汉译技巧.pdf[教材]魏志成：汉英比较翻译教程练习.pdf[教材]叶子南：高级英汉翻译理论与实践.pdf中国对外翻译出版：论英汉翻译技巧.pdf口译：【翻译下载】阎勇--汉英口译实用词语（2009.10.16更新）【实用翻译教程】李天舒： 最新简明英语口译教程.rar（9月3日更新）《英语口译教程》上下（8月24日更新）《英语中级口译资格证书分类试题》下载（8月24日更新）《实用英语口译教程》MP3（8月24日更新）《上海交大口译视频教程 》（8月24日更新）《商务现场口译》（8月24日更新）《高级口译历年真题解析真题原文标准答案及详解》（8月20日更新）《第三版高级口译实考试卷汇编》mp3.rar（8月20日更新）《英语高级口译全真实况》（8月20日更新）《英语口译基础教程》（8月20日更新）《英语同声传译教程》（8月20日更新）中级口译教程mp3版本下载刘和平教授口译讲座录音.rar张文：汉英英汉高级口译教程（8月5日更新）（复旦大学出版社）康志峰：英语中级口译指南[（8月5日更新）王吉玉：简明口译教程.pdf（8月5日更新）让 艾赫贝尔：口译须知.pdf张坤鹏：口译知识与技巧.pdf。
仲伟合《英语口译教程(下)》学习辅导书(同声传译视译)【圣才出品】
第28单元同声传译视译28.1 复习笔记一、视译的概念视译（On-sight Interpreting）是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。
视译是同声传译中经常使用的一种翻译方式，也是同声训练不可逾越的一个阶段，一般的同声传译训练都是从注意力的分配训练（如影子跟读练习）到视译，然后再过渡到无稿同声传译。
二、视译的准备工作1. 视译中有源语与译语稿件的情况非常少，即便在两稿都有的情况下，也要认真准备，不能掉以轻心。
因为发言人因为发言时间的限制或现场情况的变化，很可能在阅读发言稿时跳过一些段落，或在报告中间增加一些内容。
还有的发言者可能会临时更换发言稿。
为了应付这些意外，有经验的译员经常使用阿拉伯数字简单地将两种稿子对应段落标记清楚，在翻译过程中可以清楚地识别发言的进度。
2. 通常会议提供的发言稿是单语的，在时间充裕的情况下，可以先把稿件中的难点（词语、语句等）事先笔译出来，把原稿做一定的语篇分析与意群划分，这样在翻译的时候就可以做到胸有成竹了。
如果时间来不及或译员对稿件的内容较有把握，可以在稿子上做一些“标识”（Markers），即用诸如箭头、五角星、线条等各种笔记符号有重点地标出源语发言人的思路及语篇标识，把关键的词语和一些难译的句子和语段先译出来。
3. 在原稿并无参考价值的情况下，可以忽略原稿，把精力集中在无稿同声传译的技术工作中，利用口译笔记等，进行无稿同传。
口译的视译准备工作有时要在口译厢中进行，译员可以事先准备好词典，对那些较难的重要信息进行一定程度的准备。
4. 译员在准备过程中如果发现讲稿存在实在难以理解、过于深奥或冷僻的地方，在时间允许的情况下，最好能请教一下演讲人或有相关专业知识的人。
在国际会议中，译员对于特殊的观念、思想、概念等，一定要虚心请教，不能望文生意。
三、视译的训练1. 初步练习可以找一些有译文的发言稿，边听发言录音，边做“同声传读”。
然后逐渐过渡到脱离译稿，只看原文进行口译。
笔译复习材料.doc
笔译复习材料句子练习1、据报道估计，今年国内游客将增加到19亿人次，比去年激增10%；总收入将达到9500 亿人民币（约合139（）亿美元），比去年增长8%o （教材P357）According to report estimates, the number of domestic tourists this year will increase by a robust 10 percent to 1.9 billion persons, and total revenue will gain 8 percent to reach 950 billion Yuan （$139billion）2、茶庄印制的产品简介更详细地介绍了各种茶的特色和功效，印有中、英、FI三个版本，务求令世界各地的人都可认识到屮国茶文化的精髓。
（教材P86）Our shop' s catalogues introduce the features and effects of all kinds of tea in detail・ We provide the catalogues in three versions: Chinese, English, and Japanese, so as to make the essence of the Chinese tea culture known to the world・3、我公司是东南亚地区最大的高尔夫设备销售代理商之一。
有关我方信誉的任何资料，请向香港的第一商业银行询问。
Our company is one of the largest sales agents for golf equipment in south east Asia, Any information about our crcdibil让y, please ask the First Commercial Bank in Hong Kong4^ Form the discouragement of his mining failure, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax・自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷z后，马克?吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。
口译材料unit
Part II 实践与实战.中医的魅力口译基础P198音频位置：实践与实战如今，隔三差五坐飞机来北京看中医的外国人屡见不鲜。
日前，一位患病的美国医生给北京中医医院打来越洋长途，跟内科专家张志真预约下次看病的时间。
不愿接受激素治疗的他，每三个月坐着飞机到中国来看一次中医，因为确实见效，已坚持了一年多。
像这样的外国人还有很多，他们中有带着病寻访名医的；有旅游累了让中医给放松放松的；也有“小病大养”，要求在这里住院，顺便享受一下药膳和药浴的；还有什么病都没有，就为专程来瞧瞧中医是怎么看病的。
在他们眼里，中医的针灸推拿是那么神秘和优雅。
不远万里看中医，外籍患者的病可谓五花八门。
大到肿瘤，心脏病，小到失眠，肥胖。
各国对中医中药的了解也不尽相同，日本人特别信按摩推拿，欧洲人对针灸情有独钟，美国人爱拔火罐。
时间一长，大夫们总结出外国人看中医的一些规律：圣诞节前后是他们就诊的高峰期，好多人都是利用长假来中国旅游加看病。
外国人对中医中药表现出的虔诚出乎中医大夫们的意料。
一位喀麦隆患者吃过中药后，称中药为“苦咖啡”，并告诉同伴喝“苦咖啡”是一种享受。
皮肤科医生告诉一位法国牛皮癣患者应该注意饮食，病人立刻掏出小本，将什么能吃，什么不能吃一字不落地开出单子。
看来，中医的魅力还真的不小。
.中医的魅力译文Many foreigners fly to Beijing for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. The other day, an American patient made a long-distance phone call for a reservation with Doctor Zhang Zhizhen at Beijing Chinese Medical Hospital. Instead of using hormones, he has flown to China every three months for Chinese medical treatment. And it has worked. He kept seeing Chinese doctors for over a year. He is not alone. Some foreigners seek famous doctors for treatment, some just feel tired in their travel and want relaxation through TCM, some simply want to enjoy medical food and baths, and some come all the way here just to see how people are treated with TCM. In their eyes, TCM, like massage and cupping, are very mysterious and graceful.Their diseases are varied, like tumors, heart disease, insomnia and obesity. Their understanding of TCM also differs: Japanese believe in massage, Europeans favor acupuncture, Americans like cupping. Some experienced doctors find the time before and after Christmas is the peak season for treatment, because during the holiday the foreign patients can travel to China to see a doctor.The foreigners’devotion is beyond TCM doctors’expectation. A Cameroonian patient called TCM “bitter coffee”, and recommended it to his countrymen as a sort of enjoyment. A psoriasis patient from France, when being given by the doctor some tips on diet, carefully noted down every word of the instruction. These examples can show how much fascination TCM has.Medical Advice 口译基础P199音频位置：实践与实战It is never nice to fall sick or ill in a strange country. What happens if you do and need to seek medical help Let us provide you with some useful medical advice and tips regarding seeking medical help or assistance in China.Though many hospitals in China practice Western medical treatment system, a good percentage practice traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Increasingly, a large percentage of hospitals now practice a mixture of Western and Chinese medicine. Some can offer a full range of medical services such as operations, check-ups and in-patient facilities while other smaller clinics may simply be able to diagnose the symptoms of minor ailments.The first thing you should know about local medical services is the emergency call number 120. You can call 120 from anywhere. An ambulance will normally arrive in a few minutes but traffic conditions can cause delays.Most Chinese will visit a local hospital. If your company doesn’t cover medical expenses or you can’t find a Western clinic because you are in a much smaller town, you can also try visiting a local Chinese hospital. If you wish to do what the Chinese do, and you’ve decided to see a doctor in a local public hospital, you should have an interpreter accompan y you as most of the doctors and nurses don’t speak English fluently.Treatments are mostly western medical techniques including diagnosis, medication, injection or the necessary scans. However, medications can be a mixture of Western and Chinese drugs. Your doctor may give you a prescription for you to buy medicine in a drugstore, most of the time at the lobby of the out-patient section building. Go to a drugstore, show the chemist the prescription and you’ll be given what you need. Medicines in independent drugstores are often cheaper than those in hospital pharmacies.Medical Advice 译文在陌生的国家生病从来都不是什么好事。
经典口译资料网站及教材
经典口译资料网站及教材口译资料网站名录：美国C-Span网络电视台，点击Live Feeds可以看到视讯材料。
美国政府官方网站，点击White House Radio有声讯材料。
中国外交部网站，可以看到官方讲话和部分视讯材料。
广东省外事办公室网站，内有“翻译园地”。
广州市外事工作网站，内有“翻译园地”。
英语学习网站，点击“演讲”，内有视频演讲和文稿部分口译教材与书籍，可用作辅助学习材料：《英语口译教程》上下册仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2006。
（配两张CD）《口译教程》雷天放，陈菁主编，上海外语教育出版社，2006。
（配CD光盘）《中级口译教程》第二版梅德明编著上海外语教育出版社，2003。
（配六盒磁带）《高级口译教程》第二版梅德明编著上海外语教育出版社，2000。
（配七盒磁带）《实用口译手册》钟述孔著中国对外翻译出版公司。
《实战口译》林超伦编著外语教学与研究出版社，2004。
（配四盒磁带）《英汉口译实战案例》朱巧莲，吴灿中编著人民教育出版社，2006。
（配三盒磁带）《英语口译实务2级》王燕主编外文出版社，2005。
（配七盒磁带）《英语口译综合能力2级》王立弟主编外文出版社，2005。
（配七盒磁带）《口译理论概述》鲍刚著中国对外翻译出版公司，2005。
《口译理论与教学》刘和平编著中国对外翻译出版公司，2005。
（附录非常有用）《英汉同声传译》张维为著中国对外翻译出版公司，1999。
《新汉英分类口译词典》方凡泉主编世界图书出版社，2003。
（很实用的工具书）英汉语言对比方面参考书籍《英汉语言对比研究》何善芬著上海外语教育出版社，2002。
《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham、姜桂华著外语教学与研究出版社，2000。
《汉英对比与翻译》刘宓庆著江西教育出版社，1992。
《汉英对比与翻译中的转换》周志培著华东理工大学出版社，2003。
《汉英对比翻译导论》邵志洪著华东理工大学出版社，2005。
笔译理论复习资料
笔译理论课参考资料I. Write definitions of the following terms.1. Accuracy (准确) –A term used in translation evaluation to refer to the extent to which a translation matches its original.2. Adaptation (改编) –A term traditionally used to refer to any target text in which a particularly free translation strategy has been adopted. The term usually implies that considerable changes have been made in order to make the text more suitable for a specific audience or for the particular purpose behind the translation.3. Agent (经纪人) –A term used to refer to the person who is “in an intermediary position between a translator and an end user of a translation”.4. Autotranslation (自译) –A term used to refer to the translation of an original work into another language by the author him-/her/self.5. Back-translation (回译) –A term used to refer to a process in which a text which has been translated into a given language is retranslated into the source text.6. Calque (仿造；借译) – A term used to denote the process whereby the individual elements of an source language item are translated literally to produce a target language equivalent.7. Close translation (贴近翻译) – A term used to refer to translation strategies which favor exact correspondence between the source language and target language linguistic units over an emphasis on conveying the overall meaning or spirit of the source text.8. Commission (委托) – A termed used to refer to the specifications which the translator works with when producing a target text.9. Communicative translation (交际翻译；传意翻译) – a term used to refer to any approach which views translation as a “communicative process which takes place within a social context”.10. Correspondence (对应) –A term used to refer to the relationship which exists between elements of source language and target language in some way considered to be counterparts of each other.11. Cultural borrowing (文化借用) –A term used to describe the type of cultural transposition in which an source language expression is transferred verbatim into the target language because it is not possible to translate it by a suitable target language equivalent.12. Cultural substitution (文化替换) –A term used to refer to the use of a real world referent from the receptor culture for an unknown referent of the original, both of the referents having the same function. 13. Direct translation (直接翻译) – a term used to refer to the type of translation procedure in which a TT is produced directly from the original ST, rather than via another, intermediate translation in another language.14. Documentary translation (文献型翻译) –A term used to refer to the translation which serves as “a document of [a source culture] communication between the author and the source text recipient”. Thus in this type of translation the target text recipient becomes a mere observer of a “past communicative action”, as the source text (or possibly only certain aspects of the source text) is reproduced without any attempt to make adjustments in the light of the target contexts. WORD-FOR-WORD and other types of LITERARL translation, as well as “exoticising translation’, which tries to preserve the “local color” of the source text, are all examples of documentary translation; what all such types of translation have in common is that they focus on certain aspects or features of the source text, while ignoring others.15. Domesticating translation (归化翻译；归化) –A term used to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for the target language readers.16. Dynamic equivalence (动态对等）–A term used to refer to the quality of translation which characterizes a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors.17. Equivalence (对等）– A term used to describe the nature and the extent of the relationships which exist between source language and target language texts or smaller linguistic units.18. Faithfulness (忠实) – A term used to refer to the extent to which a target text can be considered a fair correspondence of source text according to some criterion.19. Fidelity (忠实）–A term used to refer to the extent to which a target text can be considered a fair correspondence of source text according to some criterion.20. Foreignizing translation (异化翻译；异化) – A term used to refer to the type of translation in which a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.21. Formal equivalence (形式对等) –A term used to refer to the quality of a translation in which the features of the form of the source text have been mechanically reproduced in the receptor language.22. Free translation (意译）– A term used to refer to sense-for-sense translation.23. Gist translation (要旨翻译) –A term used to refer to a style of translation in which the target text expresses a condensed version of the contents of the source text.24. Idiomatic translation (地道翻译) –A term used to refer to a translation strategy which aims for a target text which reads as naturally as possible.25. Indirect translation (间接翻译；中介翻译；中继翻译；转译) – a term used to refer to the procedure whereby a text is not translated directly from an original text, but via an intermediate translation in another language.26. Instrumental translation (工具型翻译) – A term used to refer to the translation which is intended to fulfill a new communicative purpose in the target culture “without the recipient being conscious of reading or hearing a text which, in a different form, was used before in a different communicative action”. As such it is “a communicative instrument in its own right” rather than merely a documentary record of the source text author’s action of communication with the source culture recipients.27. Interlinear translation (逐行翻译）–A type of extremely literal translation in which target language words are arranged line by line below or above the source text items to which they correspond.28. Interlingual translation (语际翻译) –A term used to refer to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages.29. Intersemiotic translation (符际翻译）– A term used to refer to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal sign systems.30. Intralingual translation (语内翻译) –A term used to refer to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language.31. Literal translation (直译）– A term used to refer to word-for-word translation.32. Naturalness (通顺；自然) –A term used to refer to the extent to which a translation is expressed in clear, unforced terms in the target language.33. Original language (原语）-- A term used to refer to the language in which the source text is written.34. Pseudotranslation (伪译) – A term used to refer to target texts which are regarded in the target culture as translations though no genuine source texts exist for them.35. Receptor language (译语；译入语) –A term used to refer to the language into which a message is translated from the original language.36. Skopos theory (目的论）– A term used to refer to an approach to translation. Skopos theory stresses the interactional, pragmatic aspects of translation, arguing that the shape of the target text should above all be determined by the function or “skopos” that it is intended to fulfill in the target context.37. Source language (原语) – A term used to refer to the language in which the source text is written.38. Source text (原文本）– A term used to refer to the text to be translated.39. Target language (目的语；的语；译语；译入语) – A term used to refer to the language which is being translated into.40. Target text （译本）– A term used to refer to the text to be translated into.41. Translatability (可译性) –A term used to discuss the extent to which it is possible to translate either individual words and phrases or entire texts from one language to another.42. Translation as rewriting (翻译即改写) – A term used to refer to the translation which reinterpret, alter or manipulate an original text in some way.43. Translation Studies (翻译研究) –A term used to describe the discipline which concerns itself with problems raised by the production and description of translations.44. Translationese (翻译体)–A term used to refer to the target language usage which because of its obvious reliance on features of the source language is perceived as unnatural, impenetrable or even comical.45. Unit of translation (翻译单位)–A term used to refer to the linguistic level at which the source text is recodified in the target language.II. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What is the nature of translation?Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, intercultural interaction based on the source text.2. Why is translation regarded as a means of intercultural communication?In the translation action, two different cultures are involved –the source culture and the target culture. There are similarities and differences between these cultures. Actually translation should be done so as to bridge the gap between these two cultures.3. What is skopos?Skopos is a Greek word for “purpose”. According to Skopostheorie (the theory that applies the notion of Skopos to translation), the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose or Skopos of the overall translation action. Hence, skopos is the determining factor of any translation action.4. What a role does skopos play in translation?Skopos is a Greek word for “purpose”. According to Skopostheorie ( the theory that applies the notion of Skopos to translation), the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose or Skopos of the overall translation action. Hence, skopos is the determining factor of any translation action.5. Why is translation regarded as a purposeful interaction?Translation as an interaction is purposeful. It is intended to change a situation, for instance to bridge the gap between the source text and the target readers.6. Why is translation a commission?Translation is an purposeful interaction. It is intended to change a situation. Hence, translation can be regarded as an action to fulfill a commission. In some cases, the commission is explicitly expressed; but in some other cases, it is just implied. Nevertheless, translation is a commission. It should be done on the basis of the commission stating firstly the purpose of the target text and secondly the conditions under which this purpose should be achieved.7. What is source-oriented evaluation of translation?It is a kind of evaluation of the translation concerning whether the translation is faithful to the source text or not.8. What is target language/culture-oriented of translation?It means that the translation is oriented toward the target language/culture. That is, the translation is done with regard to the appropriateness of the target text in the target language/culture.9. What is function-oriented evaluation of translation?It means that the evaluation of a specific translation is based on the function the target text does in the target culture.10. Who are the participants of translation?There are various participants in translation. The main participants are the initiator, the translator, the target reader, the source text writer, the user and so on.11. What roles do the participants play in translation?There are various participants in translation. The main participants are the initiator, the translator, the target reader, the source text writer, the user and so on. In the translation action, such participants are functional. In the translation action, these participants are interactive. Some may affect and/or be affected by others. And one of them may play the leading role.12. What a role does the initiator/commissioner play in translation?The initiator/commissioner is the organizer of a specific translation activity. He/She does play a dominant role in translation.13. What a role doe the translator play in translation?A translator plays a certain role in translation. In some cases, he/she is invisible; and in some other cases, he/she is visible. It depends on the specific conditions which are determined by the translation purpose.14. What a role does the user play in translation?The user is one of the participants in translation. He/She does play a certain role in translation. In certain cases, he/she is also the initiator/commissioner of the translation. And he/she even play the leading role in translation. It depends on the purpose of the specific translation.15. What a role doe the target reader play in translation?The target reader is one of the participants of translation. He/She plays a certain role in translation. If the translation is function-oriented and/or target-language/-culture oriented, he/she will play a very important role and even the leading role in translation. If the translation is source-oriented, he/she may even play no any role in the translation.16. Why is translation regarded as a decision-making activity?Translation is regarded as decision-making activity because it is a seen as a choice which needs to be taken between a number of possible solutions to a given problem encountered while translating a text, and which will influence subsequent choices by opening up or closing off other options dependent on the initial selection made.17. What is the relationship between language and culture in translation?Translation is an interlingual and intercultural interaction. The source language and culture and the target language and culture are involved in translation. Hence translation is not merely an interlingual interaction. Language and culture are closed related with each other.18. Why is translation an intercultural interaction?Translation is an intercultural interaction because both the source and target cultures are involved in translation. And there are many differences between these two cultures in many cases. Hence translation as an intercultural interaction should be done to bridge the gap between the two cultures.19. What a role does the source text play in translation?The source text is the basis of translation. It does play a very important role in translation. Nevertheless, it is not always the foremost and only basis of translation. It depends on the specific translation purpose.20. What a role may the source culture play in translation?The source culture plays a role in translation. In certain cases, it even plays an important role. It depends on the purpose of translation. If it is source-oriented, the source culture may even play a dominant role. If the translation is target-language/culture oriented, the source culture may be less important than the target culture in translation.21. What a role may the target language play in translation?The target language does play a role in translation. And in certain cases, it even plays the dominant role if the translation is target language oriented. It depends on the purpose of translation.22. What is the relationship between the source text and target text?The target text is translated into on the basis of the source text. And in many cases there are correspondence between them.III. Answer each of the following questions with about 150 English words.1. What is the relationship between translation action and translation theories?Translation action and translation theories are related with each other. On the one hand, the translation theories come from translation actions. On the other hand, translation theories may be helpful for the translation action. (略)2. What a role may the translation theories play in translator training?The translation theories may be helpful in the translator training. They may be helpful in guiding the trainees’perspectives on translation. Nevertheless, we should see that not all translation theories are suitable in translator training. And translation theories cannot guarantee one to become a qualified translator if he/she do insufficient translation activities. (略)3. What a role does translation play in our society?Translation plays a very important role in our society. Actually it is a driving force of our society. Thanks to translation, there are international cooperation and exchanges and development of our society. (略)4. How can the translator know the specific purpose of translation?The translator should try to make sure the specific task of translation concerning with the reason of the translation, the requirements of the initiator and the expectation of the target readers and so on. (略) 5. In what condition(s) should the translator be source-oriented in his/her translation?In cases when the source text is the foremost and even only basis of the translation. (略)6. Is there always an absolute correspondence between the source text and the target text?No. It depends on the specific situation and purpose of translation. If the translation is source-oriented, there will be close and even absolute correspondence between the source text and the target text. If not, there may not be such correspondence, and even no correspondence between them. (略)7. What is the relationship between the source text writer, the translator and target reader?There exist relationship between them. Nevertheless, the relationship is not clear. It depends on the specific translation activity. (略)8. Show your understanding of the term “bi-culturalism” in translation.Bi-culturalism is concerned with in translation studies. According to the scholars, a qualified translator should know both the original and target cultures well. Ideally, he/she should be a bi-culturalist. Otherwise, there may be problems in his/her translation. And his/her translation may not be successful. (略)9. How can one become a bi-culturalist?One can become a bi-culturalist by trying two understand the two cultures well. What is most important is that he/she should first of all have a good perspective of the two cultures concerned. That is, he/she should be open-minded and be just in viewing the two cultures. And then, he/she should try two gain the two cultures. Especially he/she should know and be aware of the gaps between the two cultures and know how to bridge the gaps. (略)10.What is the difference between domesticating translation strategy and foreignizing translationstrategy?They are two different translation strategies. Domesticating translation strategy is adopted to make a transparent and fluent style in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for the target language readers. With foreignizing translation strategy, the target text is produced which deliberately breaks targe t conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.11. In what condition(s) may the domesticating translation strategy be applied improperly?If the translation is source-oriented. Specifically, if the original linguistic/cultural features needed to be kept. (略)12. How important is the foreignizing translation strategy?It may be helpful to make the readers feel the “strangeness”of the source language/culture. It may also helpful to reform the target language/culture. (略)13.In what condition(s) should the foreignizing translation strategy be dominating in translation?In certain cases, the foreignizing translation strategy may be dominantly applied in translation if the translation is intended to keep the “strangeness” of the original linguistic and cultural features. (略)14. How can a college student become a qualified translator?In order to be a qualified translator, a college student should try to be well prepared for translation actions. Basically, he/she should meet the following requirements:First, he/she should be good at both the foreign language and Chinese. Second, he/she should know the background information/knowledge as much as possible. Third, he/she should work hard. Fourth, he/she should have a proper understanding of translation. Fifth, he/she should be law-abiding. Sixth, he/she should be skillful of IT. (略)15. What roles does INTERNET play in translation?Internet plays a very important role in translation. Today we live in an e-era. That is, the paper-era is being replaced. In such an e-era, IT is indispensable. Without the information technologies including internet, we cannot imagine how inefficient our translation would be. Specifically, with internet, we can easily search the information we need, we can make use of the email and other forms to communicate with those involved in the translation action efficiently. (略)16. What a role may the translation software play in translation?The translation software is useful in translation. In practice, it is increasingly used. It is particularly useful in translation actions of those non-literary texts, for instance, contract, resume, introductions and so on. It is more efficient to use such software. (略)17. What is the difference between formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence?Formal equivalence is a term used to refer to the quality of a translation in which the features of the form of the source text have been mechanically reproduced in the receptor language. Dynamic equivalence is a term used to refer to the quality of translation which characterizes a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors. (略)18. Why is there Chinglish?There are different causes to Chinglish. First, the translator is not good at English. Second, he/she may not know the English culture well. Third, he/she is not aware of the specific translation purpose. Fourth, he/she may not have a good understanding of the nature of translation. (略)IV. Comment on one of the following statements with about 100 English words.1. Those who can translate do translation; those who cannot translate teach the translation course; and those who cannot teach translation do researches on translation.Such a statement shows a prejudice against those who teach translation and those who do researches on translation. According to such a statement, a translator can not be trained and the translation theories are useless for translators and those who want to be translators. Such a statement is wrong. Actually a translator can be trained. And translation theories in certain cases are helpful for translation actions and translator training. (略)2. Anyone who is good at both the source language and the target language can be a qualified translator.Such a statement is not appropriate. It is true that a qualified translator should be good at both the source and target languages. However, it is not enough for a person to be a qualified translator. There are more requirements on him/her. He/She should know the background information as much as possible.He/She should work hard. He/She should try to be a bi-culturalist. He/She should have a proper understanding of translation. He/She should have a good habit of translation. (略)3.Our English majors are better than the non-majors in translating, for our English is better than theirs.This statement is wrong. Translation is not merely an interlingual activity. For instance, the background information does play an important role in translation. In may cases, the non-majors may be better than our English majors in understanding and even in expressing the text concerning with one specific field. (略)4. A translator should always be invisible in translation.The translator is not always invisible. A translator plays a certain role in translation. In some cases, he/she is invisible; and in some other cases, he/she is visible. It depends on the specific conditions which are determined by the translation purpose. (略)5. One should always be faithful to the source text in his/her translation, for the source text is always the foremost and only important basis of translation.The statement is very traditional. Many traditional translators and scholars of translation hold such an opinion because they believe translation is a transfer of the original meaning in another language. However, such an understanding may not be appropriate in certain cases. It doesn’t disclose the nature of translation. Actually translation is an intentional, interpersonal, intercultural interaction based on the original text. That is, even though it is the basis of translation, the original text may not always be the foremost and only basis of translation. It depends. In certain cases, it may not be the foremost and only basis of translation. And it may not be necessary for a translator to be faithful to the original text all the time.（略）6. The meaning of the source text is always fixed. In other words, its meaning is unchangeable. Hence there can only be one qualified translation for one source text.Such a statement is not always right. In certain cases, the meaning of the source text is changeable. Even though the meaning of the source text is fixed, the translation action may be done for specific purposes which may require the translated version may be somehow different from the original in meaning. Hence we cannot say there is only one qualified translation for one source text. It depends. ( 略)7. No matter in what cases, the translator should always follow the initiator in his/her translation. That is, the translator can never say NO to the initiator.This statement is wrong. It is true that the initiator plays a very important role in translation. Nevertheless, the translator is not always passive and invisible in translation. He/she is active in translation. In certain cases, he/she may discuss and even argue with the initiator. And he/she even has the right to say NO to the initiator. (略)8. One needn’t take into consideration of the target readers’ response in his/her translation, for in many cases, he/she doesn’t know who the target readers are.The statement is wrong. The target readers as one of the participants in translation do play a certain role in translation. And in certain cases, they even play the leading role in translation. It depends on the purpose of the translation. For instance, if the translation is function-oriented, the target readers play an important role in the translation. (略)9. Foreignizing translation may make some target texts strange in expressions, so we should try to avoid it in translation.This statement is not appropriate. Foreignizing as a translation strategy is different from domesticating. Both of them are applied in translation. It depends on the translation purposes. In certain cases domesticating is welcomed and in some other cases foreignizing is welcomed. Even though foreignizing translation may make some target texts strange in expressions, it is functional because it has the advantages including keeping the form of the original language and the “strangeness” of the original culture and shaping the target language and culture. (略)10. We should always follow the domesticating translation strategy in our translation.This statement is not appropriate. Domesticating translation strategy and foreignizing translation strategy are two rather different strategies in translation. In certain cases, domesticating translation strategy may be used and in turn foriegnizing translation strategy may be abandoned. In some other cases, domesticating translation strategy may play a more important role in one translation. However, in some other cases, foreignizing translation strategy may be welcomed in certain translation activities. It depends on the purposes and situations of translation. (略)11. The translation techniques and skills derived from literary translation can be fully applied to non-literary translation.The statement is wrong. Translation is diversified. Specific translational activities may be different from one another. The evaluation of translation is rather different from one another. Translational purposes may be rather diversified. Hence the techniques and skills derived from literary translation can/cannot be used in other translational activities which are different from literary translation. (略)。
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打印。口译资料、
专家解析--口译员的听力及口语发布人既然身为口译员，那么听力和口语就一定要过关。
传说中备考欧盟口译的同学是用超级变态的“变速法”来磨练听力，而实际工作中，口译员还会接触到带各种口音的英语，这个时候要怎么应付呢?平时的训练又是怎样的?口译员是如何强化自己的听力水平的?需要用变速法来磨练自己的听力吗?如何训练自己适应不同口音的英语?其实，听力训练是个终身训练的过程，我不认为有什么都能听懂的译员，因为这涉及专业领域的问题，很多译员都是对一些领域比较熟悉，对另一些领域则很陌生。
所以，要想做到真正的“金耳朵”，就要天天去磨练听神经，自己有意识地创造泛听的环境，回家打开英文电台或电视台，开英文电影或电视剧。
当然，不能忽略汉语听力的训练。
其实，汉语听力的训练同等重要。
一般专业领域的知识最好先通过汉语消化吸收再看英文，这样速度快得多。
关于变速法训练，很惭愧，我个人没有尝试过，但我相信应该会有一定效果的，所以，我对此就不做评论了。
关于适应口音的问题，有一个很好的训练素材，就是联合国英文电台，那里什么口译的材料都能找到，口音的问题没有其他捷径，就是要有意识地多听各种口音的英语，逐步找出不同国家讲英语时的口音变化特点，再加上具体的话题内容，基本也可以解决。
小编语：如果还记得考拉小巫传授的听力秘诀，那么大家就该明白，听力练习是一个持之以恒的过程，即便是专业译员的水平，也要在工作中长期强化巩固口译员应该怎样训练口语?包括口音的训练，口译员的口音标准程度需要达到什么样的水准?是大部分情况下都以英音为主吗?关于口语问题，我想在学习口译之前必须已经具备比较好的口语水平才行。
关于如何训练的问题，我想由于口译涉及都是中高端的商务或国际回忆场合，所以，不妨多听听国外领导人的现场演讲，跟读一下，学习一下语音语调的把握，然后记笔记，按照笔记复述原文，之后脱离笔记，把自己假想成讲话者本人做一个演讲，这样脑子里有素材，有词汇，练的就是你的语言顺畅度。
【免费下载】笔译复习资料下半年
2013年下半年笔译复习资料1、在机遇和挑战并存的竞争时代，公司将以完善的售后服务，超前的产品设计，不断满足海内外新老客户的需求。
In a competitive world full of opportunities and challenges, the company will constantly meet the expectations of old and new customs with better after-sales services and more innovative products design.2、The ongoing housing downturn in the United States became much more serious in the third quarter of 2007 with the sub-prime mortgage meltdown, which triggered a full-scale credit crunch that reverberated throughout the global financial system. 2007年第三季度，美国持续恶化的房地产市场，以及随后的次级抵押市场的雪崩，引发了遍及全球金融市场的全面信贷紧缩，并最终波及全球金融系统。
3、我们付高薪，提供往返机票及住处，仅象征性地收取住宿费。
The salary we will offer is excellent. We will pay for your return air fare and provide adequate accommodation at a nominal rent.4、去城镇人口比率刚刚年超过50%，每提高1个百分点就会有1000多万人口从农村转入城镇，能够释放巨大的消费和投资需求。
Last year, China’s urbanization rate for the first time exceeded 50 percent. Each additional percentage point in this figure means more than 10 million rural residents becoming city dwellers, along with their enormous demand for consumption and investment.5、In recent years, Chinese companies have burst onto the global mergers-and-acquisitions (M&A) scene. Since 1986, Chinese companies have invested some $30 billion in non-Chinese companies, nearly a third in 2004 and 2005 alone. 近年来，中国公司在全球范围内掀起了收购兼并浪潮。
大英口笔译课程笔译考试资料
I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us, at any time, I think.我向来不大想看到你，我觉得咱们俩之间从来不曾有过好感。
We grumble a little now and then. But there's no love lost between us.我们虽然偶尔会相互抱怨，但是彼此之间仍然是相爱的。
It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favor.他们可能决没有想到竟会有这么多舆论支持他们。
He wanted to learn , to know, to teach.他渴望博学广闻，喜欢追根穷源，并且好为人师。
Such people are always passive in that at the critical moment they stand still and have to be given a hard shove in the back before they take a step forward.这种人老是被动，在紧要的关头老是止步不前，老是需要别人在他的背上击一猛掌，才肯向前跨进一步。
mountain.天目山林深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。
It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetimeThe May Fourth Movement of 1919 saw the beginnings of the “New Redology”, represented, by scholars such as Hu Shi and Yu Ping-bo.1919年“五四”运动以后，开始了“新红学”时代，代表人物有胡适、余平伯这样一些学者。
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要命的翻译资料哈哈哈哈哈哈100本口笔译教程资料下载汇总(2010.04.07更新)来源：李策Jackie的日志
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