情态动词(讲义及答案)

情态动词（讲义）

一、can， could， may， might 表示请求许可

1.区别

Can I take the book away?

Could I take the book away?

May I take the book away?

Might I take the book away?

语气的委婉程度从高到低为 can， could， may， might。

2.can， could， may， might 表示请求许可时的回答。

—Can you give me another chance?

—Yes， I can. No， I can’t.

—Could I look at your pictures?

—Yes， of course you ./—I am sorry you .

用could 提问，表示“能……吗？”，若表示同意用 can，不同意

用can’t，注意不用 could 来回答。

—May I speak to you for a moment in private， please?

May 表示请求许可时，常常与第一人称 I 连用，构成“May I…?”句式，表示“我可以……吗？”

肯定回答用 Yes， you may. / Yes， please. / Yes， of course.

否定回答用N o， you can’t. / No， you mustn

’t. ( )—May I smoke here?

—， you . It can be dangerous.

A.Yes； can

B. No；can’t

C. Yes； may

D. No；

needn’t Might I come in?

Might I borrow some money?

might 用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍

显过时。

肯定回答通常用 may，否定回答可以用 can’t 或者 mustn’t。

练习：

( )—Can I get you a drink?—. I am not thirsty.

A.That’s very nice of you

B. No，you don’t have to

C. Yes， please

D. With pleasure

( )—May I leave the classroom now? 1

—No， you . You shouldn’t leave until the bell rings.

A. may not

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. couldn’t

( )—you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the telephone number.

A. Need

B. Could

C. Must

D. Should ( )—Could I use your eraser for a while?

—Yes， of course you .

A. could

B. will

C. can

D. should

二、情态动词和短语情态动词

1.情态动词

need

The little girl needs to get some sleep.

I needed two more days to finish the work.

Do you need to have some coffee?

need 作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定式。

—Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?

—No， you needn’t.

need 作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。判

断下列句子中的 need 属于实义动词还是情态动词

Tom needs to have a rest after a day’s working.

Need I pay the dishes now?

He didn’t need to go the hospital.

He needn’t have gone to hospital—he only had a cold.

dare v. 敢于

I would never dare to steal things from stores.

Do you dare to tell her what I said?

I didn’t dare to look at him.

I daren’t tell my mother the truth.

dare 可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式（口语中 to 可以省略）也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。

shall

We shall be away next week.

I shall be in Henan next Friday.

I/we shall，用于表示未来要做的事。

Shall I open the window?

Shall we meet at six， OK?

What shall I make for dinner?