专业英语翻译第一章
专业英语翻译
专业英语翻译第一章1.An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback.一个开环控制系统使用直接装置控制，而无需使用反馈的过程。
2.A close-loop control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of this signal to compare it with the desired output(reference or command).闭环控制系统采用了输出的测量值和输出的反馈并将输出和期望输出进行比较（参考或命令）。
词汇automation自动化Close-loop feedback control system闭环反馈控制系统complexity of design复杂的设计control system控制系统feedback signal反馈信号engineering design工程设计，multivariable control system多变量控制系统negative feedback负反馈productivity生产力. robot机器人. specifications规格. synthesi s综合. trade-off权衡第二章1.A linear system satisfies the properties of superposition and homogeneity.线性系统满足叠加性和其次性。
2.The denominator polynominal q(s),when set equal to zero,is called the characteristic equation because the roots of this equation determine the character of the time reponse.当分母多项式q（S）设置等于零时称为特征方程，因为这个方程的根确定的时间响应的特点。
专业英语翻译第一章.doc
专业英语翻译第⼀章.doc注：电⽓⼯程及其⾃动化专业英语翻译 1~7⾯班级：1002班学号：20姓名：王定瑞PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERINGChapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals第1部分的电⽓⼯程基础第1章电路原理1.1 Electrostatic Charges1.1 静电荷Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.质⼦和电⼦部件的原⼦构成⼀切事物在我们的世界。
正电荷的质⼦是类似于负电荷的电⼦。
然⽽,⼀个正电荷的反⾯是⼀个负电荷。
这些指控被称为静电荷。
每个带电粒⼦周围是⼀个静电场。
The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.这个效应,静电指控对⽅是⾮常重要的。
刚整理的专业英语课文翻译
第一单元Human bodyTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
专业英语第一篇文章翻译
Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相；阶段。
◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample：phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。
专业英语完整翻译
Unit 1 Production of DrugsDepending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups:I .Totally synthetic materials (synthetics)，Ⅱ.Natural products，andⅢ.Products from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products).The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds of groups I and Ⅲ一thus Drug synthesis. This does not mean，however，that natural products or other agents are less important. They can serve as valuable lead structures，and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.1单元生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：1。
完全（合成纤维）合成材料，Ⅱ。
天然产物，和Ⅲ。
产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。
本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。
这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。
它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。
专业英语课文翻译
Lesson 1 Why GIS?现在，许多组织在地理信息系统和地理数据库方面花费大量的金钱。
预言显示，在整个下一个十年，将有数十亿美元花费在这些上面。
为什么在现今成为现实，而在仅仅几年前，GIS还是稀有之物？迅速下降的计算机硬件成本，使得能够负担得起GIS的人迅速增多，范围变广。
更重要的是，我们终于认识到，地理学（和数据描述的地理学）是我们日常生活环境的部分：几乎我们所做的每一个决策都是被一些地学事实所限制，所影响，或是所支配的。
我们派消防车以最快的速度，尽可能短的路径到达着火现场。
我们的中央政府经常根据人口数量拨款物给地方政府。
我们通过确认疾病的流行地区和传播速度来研究疾病。
这种对地理信息的需求与对GIS的需要相吻合，解释了它迅速普及的原因。
然而，如此概括不能够解释GIS为什么能帮助和怎样帮助你。
首先，你必须知道GIS 是什么和它能用来做什么。
下面的主题将帮助你理解GIS。
GIS是什么？在1980年代，GIS的使用显著地增长。
现在，对企业、政府和学术界来说，运用GIS 的许多不同的应用已是寻常之事。
因而GIS的许多定义已经出现了。
例如，翻到本书的词汇表，你将发现GIS被描述为：由计算机硬件、软件、地理数据和人员构成的有机集成，被设计来有效搜集、储存、更新、处理、分析和展示各种空间相关信息。
尽管这个定义正确、全面、并被广泛接受，但它对初学GIS的人帮助不多。
当你读完此工作手册，这个定义的含义将变得清晰，但目前，考虑一个更简单的定义：能够支持和使用数据描述地表区域的计算机系统。
空间操作许多计算机程序，诸如spreadsheets, statistics packages, 或drafting packages能处理简单的地理或空间数据，那么，为什么他们不是通常所认为的是GIS呢？一个通常被接受的回答是，如果它允许对数据进行空间操作，这样的GIS才是GIS。
作为一个例子，考虑下面的表格：这个表格表明，在所选择的活动中心，从事GIS某一方面工作者的大致数量。
大学-英语专业-精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译
大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译《Half a Day》一、①I walked alongside my father ,clutching his right hand.（走在父亲的身旁，我紧紧地抓住他的右手）②All my clothes were new : the black shoes , the green school uniform ,and the red cap.（那时，我穿着黑鞋子，绿校服，戴着红帽子，它们都是新的。
）③They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for first time.（然而，因为今天是我第一次被送去上学，所以这些衣服并没有给我带来一丝快乐。
）二、①My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.（母亲站在窗前望着我们缓缓前行，我也不时地回头看她，希望会从她那里得到帮助。
）②We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.（我们沿着街道走着，街道两旁是花园和田野，田野里栽满了梨树和椰枣树。
）三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What haveI done ?”（“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”）四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”（“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。
(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。
也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。
电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。
We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
专业英语课文翻译(1)
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------专业英语课文翻译(1)Lesson1化学工程的发展过程、设计和运作的植物材料进行变化，物理或化学状态的一个技术规模。
应用的整个过程、产业，它是建立在化学原理，物理，和数学。
物理化学和物理规律支配的实用性和效率的化学工程业务。
能量的变化，产生从热力学考虑，是特别重要的。
数学是一个基本工具优化与建模，优化手段安排材料，设施，和能量的产量为生产和经济运行的。
建模是建设原型理论数学模型的复杂过程系统，通常借助计算机 .化学工程是一样古老的过程工业。
其遗产的日期从发酵和蒸发过程的早期文明。
现代化工工程的发展出现一规模大，化学一制造业务在下半场的第十九个世纪。
它的发展作为一个独立的学科，化学工程是针对解决问题的设计和经营大型工厂连续生产，制造化学品在中期第九世纪由温和的工艺操作。
需求的增加，关注在排放有害废水，与竞争竞争对手的过程提供刺激更大的效率。
这导致了结合资源出现较大的行动，造成过渡到工艺科学一产业。
结果是一个化学家与知识需求制造过程，称为工业化学家和化学1 / 3工作者。
术语化学工程师是在一般使用的大约 1900 。
尽管它出现在传统化学品的制造，它 }增值通过其作用，石油工业的发展化学工程成为坚定地确立为一个独特的学科。
需求植物能够操作物理分离过程持续在高水平效率是一个挑战 } 哈 } 无法满足传统的化学或机械工程师。
一个划时代的发展化学工程是出版 1901 第一个关于教科书问题，由乔治戴维斯，一个英国化学顾问，这集中于设计的植物项目的具体操作。
这一概念的处理植物包括一些业务，如混合，蒸发，和过滤，和这些行动基本上是类似的，不论产品，导致概念股操作的。
这是最早由美国化学工程师亚瑟小 1915 的基础上形成一个分类的化学工程的主宰主题下的 40 年。
英语专业综合英语一课文翻译
Unit1: Translation exercises1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3、People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.4、Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.5. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.6. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit2:Translation exercises1Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2、It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.3、Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids,for all your lessons as well as all the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4.、Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.5、He failed in the college entrance examination last year,but he did not feeldisappointed.Instead,he continued to study hard,passed the examination successfully and become a student in famous university this year.6、There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement s of our work.8With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.9、Although she is only 8 years old，the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions.No wonder her parents feel proud of her.10、All the neighborhood have heard of the news,but you haven't.Don't you think it is strange?Unit31.I am sorry I am late,but I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.2.At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.3. She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.4.The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease.5.When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years.7.The crowd demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.8.Since punctuality is such a good habbit,we should pay close attention to it and make every effort to cultivate it.9.The old man cherishes that girl,as if she were his own daughter.10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.Unit 4.1. 1.It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability.2. 2.The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.3. 3.The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.4. 4.It was a very difficult situation,but he handled it very successfully.5. 5.He is my best friend.I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.6. 6.So long as you work hard,you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner orlater.7.7.Although he hates the job,yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money tosupport the family.8.8.That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease,persisted in combatingit,and conquered it in the end.9.9.This university has a staff of more than 2000,including about 150 professors and over 500associate professors.10.10.The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.Unit51. 1.That psychiatrist who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violatingprofessional ethics.2. 2.Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings,which inspire and urgepeople to exert themselves.3. 3.All kinds of commodities are available.Nothing is in short supply.4. 4.We all trust the president for his absolute integrity.5. 5.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. 6.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7.7.When I saw that he was right,I had to back down.8.8.She has been appointed sales manager,for she is both clever and diligent.9.9.One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10.10.The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Unit61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.2.Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you,already in your thirties,still have to depend on your old parents?3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financialissue.4.With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the comingweekend.5.whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.6.Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7.No matter what efforts the government has made,the price for housing has barely declined.8.In order to pass TOEFL,he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to Englishstudies.9.With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10.It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Unit71.I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2.He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3.I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4.The chairman made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad resultswould not be repeated.5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7.We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8.Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed thebridge.10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. Unit81.At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much;they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.2.The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully.4.He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.6. I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.7.They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.8.I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.9. I don’t know why telling her the news brought a lump in my throat.10.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.Unit91.Towering above all others,this mountain peak commands a fine view.2.I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.3.Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly,but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.4. The government is determined to avoid at all costs a sharp rise in food price.5. He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain.6. That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7.After having several influential papers published,he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8.Pollution is so serious in this area that the villagers can hardly find any water that is fit for drinking.9.I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed.10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.Unit101.2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.4.Scissors,knives,matches,and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children.5.I always keep a sum of at least 1.000yuan on hand, in case of an emergency.6.Honest people despise lies and liars.7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.8. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak,up to their necks in debt.9.He is a man that always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs.10.I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals.Unit111.They hoped to save their marriage by giving birth to a child.2. Secret service men escorted the President and his family everywhere they went.3. The presidentia l candidate’s speech was often punctuated now and then by outbursts ofapplause from the audience.4. As soon as the news of victory came, there was great rejoicing all over the country.5.The tertiary industry in our country has been developing by leaps and bounds since the reform and opening drive started.6.The priest preached a sermon to the congregation on the need for charity.7.In order to/To maintain his dignity the employee didn’t kneel on his knees in front of theoverbearing boss.8.When the chairman announced the election results,the meeting hall broke into a sea of great joy,with the whole assembly clapping and cheering.9.He has a very bad reputation,for he often takes other people’s names in vain.10. The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.Unit 121. I marvel at the poet’s ability to express nuances of different feelings.2.Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment,it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies.3.As English majors,we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle diffrences between word meaning.4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year.5. It is unfair to indentify popular culture with vulgar culture.6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-oriented all the time.7.The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.8.The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium.9.But for his personal visits to the third-world countries,he would not have believed such disparity in the living standars between the rich and the poor.10.No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,not even to the last day.Unit131. The airport authorities request that every passenger keep an eye on his/her own belongings.2.Although he was diagnosed with stomach cancer,he still took an optimistic attitude toward life.3.His teacher advised him not to eat so much junk food.4. With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave his life in order to save his students.5.His comrades did whatever they could for his release from the prison,and they succeeded.6.The sudden financial tsunami has stripped quite a number of people of their property.7.My secretary is looking for this or that all the time,for she is always misplacing her things.8. After drifting into the woods, he was greatly amazed at the scene in front of him.9.So far no effective remedy for the addiction to the Internet has been found.10. In view of the serious employment situation, many university graduates voluntarily go and work in the remote areas.Unit141.He possesses some fine traits:he has refined and gentle manners;he is kind and generous to others;he is always modest and prudent;and he constantly perfects his work.2.A high crime rate that doesn’t seem to drop is a reflection of an unstable society.3. It is beyond doubt that Shanghai is fast becoming another financial center.4.Such a small gym can hardly meet the needs of such a large student body,amounting to about 3000.5.A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done.6. Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education.7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,your chances to succeed will multiply.8. Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to the methods he employs.9. The so-called problem teens are not born to be problems. Very likely, it is because they lack parental and school discipline.10.The President of the university displays both professional competence and excellent leadership;therefore,he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members.。
英语专业综合英语一课文翻译
Unit1: Translation exercises 1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2. His sad sad story story story touched touched touched us us us so so so deeply deeply deeply that that that we we we nearly nearly nearly cried.cried.3、People People from from from Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai can can can understand understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.4、Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.5. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.6. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. 9. Although Although Although we we we have have have parted parted parted from from from each each each other, other, I I hope hope hope that that that we we we will will will remain remain good good friends friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit2:Translation exercises 1Yesterday a government delegation headed b y the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2、It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.3、Computers Computers are are are one one one of of of the the the most most most useful useful useful teaching teaching teaching aids,for aids,for aids,for all all all your your your lessons lessons lessons as as as well well well as as as all all all the the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen. 4.、Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately. 5、He failed in the college entrance examination last year,but he did not feel disappointed.Instead,he disappointed.Instead,he continued continued continued to to to study study study hard,passed hard,passed hard,passed the the the examination examination examination successfully successfully successfully and and become a student in famous university this year. 6、There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly. 7In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement the requirement s of our work. 8With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss. 9、Although she is only 8 years old ，the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions.No wonder her parents feel proud of her. 10、All the neighborhood have heard of the news,but you haven't.Don't you think it is strange? Unit31.I am sorry I am late,but I was at a meeting and couldn ’t get away. 2. At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation . 3. She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When 5.When awarding awarding awarding the the the prize, prize, prize, the the the chairman chairman chairman comlimented comlimented comlimented the the the winner winner winner on on on his his his great great great contribution contribution contribution to to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since 8.Since punctuality punctuality punctuality is is is such such such a a a good good good habbit,we habbit,we habbit,we should should should pay pay pay close close close attention attention attention to to to it it it and and and make make make every every effort to cultivate it. 9.The old man cherishes that girl,as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about. Unit 4.1.1.It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability. 2.2.The police in this district know where the thieves hang out. 3. 3.The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade. 4.4.It was a very difficult situation,but he handled it very successfully. 5.5.He is my best friend.I just can ’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help. 6. 6.So 6.So long long long as as as you you you work work work hard,you hard,you hard,you are are are bound bound bound to to to succeed and succeed and realize realize your your your ambition ambition ambition sooner sooner sooner or or later. 7. 7.Although he hates the job,yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money to support the family. 8. 8.That 8.That cancer cancer cancer patient patient patient kept kept kept an an an optimistic optimistic optimistic attitude attitude attitude towards towards towards his his his disease,persisted disease,persisted disease,persisted in in in combating combating it,and conquered it in the end. 9. 9.This university has a staff of more than 2000,including about 150 professors and over 500 associate professors. 10. 10.The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer ’s death. Unit51. 1.That 1.That psychiatrist psychiatrist psychiatrist who who who had had had talked talked talked about about about his his his patients patients patients in in in public, public, public, was was was charged charged charged with with with violating violating professional ethics . 2. 2.Hanging 2.Hanging on on on the the the walls walls walls of of of the the the classroom classroom classroom are are are some some some famous famous famous sayings,which sayings,which sayings,which inspire inspire inspire and and and urge urge people to exert themselves. 3. 3.All kinds of commodities are available.Nothing is in short supply. 4. 4.We all trust the president for his absolute integrity. 5. 5.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. 6.6.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7. 7.When I saw that he was right,I had to back down. 8. 8.She has been appointed sales manager,for she is both clever and diligent. 9. 9.One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs. 10. 10.The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold. Unit61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease. 2.Don 2.Don’’t you think it a sort of stigma that you,already in your thirties,still have to depend on your old parents? 3. 3. Almost Almost Almost all all all the the the governments governments governments in in in the the the world world are very much concerned about the the financial financial issue. 4. With regard to the the seminar seminar seminar on on on English English English teaching, teaching, teaching, I I I suggest suggest suggest that that that it it be be held held held on on on the the the coming coming weekend. 5.whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you. 6.Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas. 7.No matter what efforts the government has made,the price for housing has barely declined. 8.In 8.In order order order to to to pass pass pass TOEFL,he TOEFL,he TOEFL,he has has has devoted devoted devoted almost almost almost every every every minute minute minute of of of his his his spare spare spare time time time to to to English English studies. 9. With his acting potential , , the the the young young young man man man is is is likely likely likely to to to be be be a a a superstar superstar superstar in in in the the the field field field of of entertainment. 10.It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one. Unit71.I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea. 2.He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon. 3.I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly. 4.The 4.The chairman chairman chairman made made made an an an effort effort effort to to to reassure reassure reassure the the the shareholders shareholders shareholders that that that the the the company company company’’s s bad bad bad results results would not be repeated. 5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together! 6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone. 7.We all hate the terrorists ’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people. 8.Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes. 9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed the bridge. 10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. Unit81.At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much;they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents. 2.The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars. 3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully. 4.He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself. 5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief. 6. I t ook took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket. 7.They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list. 4. The government is determined to avoid at all costs a sharp rise in food price. 5. He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain. 6. That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7.After having several influential papers published,he became quite distinguished in the academic world. 8.Pollution is so serious in this area that the villagers can hardly find any water that is fit for drinking. 9.I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed. 10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion. 1. 2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. measures to cope with. 4.Scissors,knives,matches,and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children. 5.I always keep a sum of at least 1.000yuan on hand, in case of an emergency. 6.Honest people despise lies and liars. in English. 7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English. 8. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak, up to their necks in debt. 9.He is a man that always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs. 10.I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals. Unit11 1.They hoped to save their marriage by giving birth to a child. 2. Secret service men escorted the President and his family everywhere they went. overbearing boss. 8.When 8.When the the the chairman chairman chairman announced announced announced the the the election election election results,the results,the results,the meeting meeting meeting hall hall hall broke broke broke into into into a a a sea sea sea of of of great great joy,with the whole assembly clapping and cheering. 9.He has a very bad reputation,for he often takes other people ’s names in vain. 10. The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather. Unit 12 1. I marvel at the poet’s ability to express nuances of different feelings. 2.Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment,it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies. 3.As English majors,we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle diffrences between word meaning. 4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year. 5. It is unfair to indentify popular culture with vulgar culture. 6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-oriented all the time. 7.The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum. 8.The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium. 9.But for his personal visits to the third-world countries,he would not have believed such disparity in the living standars between the rich and the poor. 10.No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,not even to the last day. Unit13 1. The airport authorities request that every passenger keep an eye on his/her own belongings. 2.Although he was diagnosed with stomach cancer,he still took an optimistic attitude toward life. 3.His teacher advised him not to eat so much junk food. 4. With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave his life in order to save his students. 5.His comrades did whatever they could for his release from the prison,and they succeeded. 6.The sudden financial tsunami has stripped quite a number of people of their property. 7.My secretary is looking for this or that all the time,for she is always misplacing her things. 8. After drifting into the woods, he was greatly amazed at the scene in front of him. 9.So far no effective remedy for the addiction to the Internet has been found. 10. 10. In In In view view view of of of the the the serious serious serious employment employment employment situation, situation, situation, many many many university university university graduates graduates graduates voluntarily voluntarily voluntarily go go go and and work in the remote areas. Unit14 1.He possesses some fine traits:he has refined and gentle manners;he is kind and generous to others;he is always modest and prudent;and he constantly perfects his work. 2.A high crime rate that doesn ’t seem to drop is a reflection of an unstable society. 3. It is beyond doubt that Shanghai is fast becoming another financial center. 4.Such a small gym can hardly meet the needs of such a large student body,amounting to about 3000. 5.A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done. 6. Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education. 7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,your chances to succeed will multiply. 8. Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to the methods he employs. 9. The so-called problem teens are not born to be problems. Very likely, it is because they lack parental and school discipline. 10.The President of the university displays both professional competence and excellent leadership;therefore,he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members. 。
专业英语全文翻译unit1-unit6
专业英语全文翻译unit1-unit6Unit 1 Automotive BasicsAutomobiles, trucks, and buses are essential forms of transportation. They are complex machines made up of many parts. These parts can be grouped into a number of systems. An understanding of how the system work will help you understand how the automobile works.轿车、卡车和客车是交通运输的重要组成部分。
它们都是由许多部件组成的复杂机器。
这些部件可以归类为汽车的几个组成系统。
了解这些各个小系统是如何工作的将有助于我们理解整个汽车系统是如何工作。
An automobile can be divided into two basic parts: a body and a chassis. The body is the enclosure that houses the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is the part of the automobile that you see. The chassis is that part of the automobile beneath the body.汽车可以分为两个基本部分：车身和底盘。
车身包围发动机、乘客和行李，它是汽车你所看到的部分。
而车身以下的部分就是底盘。
An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. For example, insulation in the body reduces noise and protects against heat and cold. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at driving speeds.轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发送机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动机、乘客和行李提供防护。
英语专业翻译unit1
• 严复
– 《天演论》Evolution and Ethics and other essays 天演论》 天演论 (T.H. Huxley郝胥黎 郝胥黎) 郝胥黎
• 鲁迅 《死魂灵》Dead Souls《毁灭》《浊流》 200多部 • 茅盾 《医生》四十种外国文学译著，240余 篇译文 • 郭沫若 三十余种
• 明末清初的科技翻译:
– 1607 , 徐光启、利马窦 ( Matteo Ricci) 《几何原本》 古希腊人欧几里得 Euclid 《几何原本》 Elements
• 林纾 林纾(1852～1924) ～
– – – – La Dame aux Camelias, 《巴黎茶花女遗事》 巴黎茶花女遗事》 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 《黑奴呼天录》； 黑奴呼天录》； David Copperfield《块肉余生述》; 《块肉余生述》 Hamlet《王子复仇记》《鲁滨逊飘流记》 《王子复仇记》
Translation is indispensable to civilization.
• 西欧文明：“归功于翻译者”
• 季羡林《中国翻译词典》： “中华文化这一条
长河，…… 但却从未枯竭。原因是有新水 注入 ….。最大的有两次， 一次是从印度来 的水，一次是从西方来的水。而这两次的 大注入依靠的都是翻译 翻译。中华文化之所以 翻译 能常葆青春，万应灵药就是翻译 翻译。” 翻译
• Comments: 明确--- task
• “翻译”
– 《辞海》《汉语大词典》
--- “把一种语言文字的意
义用另一种语言文字表达出来。”
• 在两种语言间转换意义
complicated “meaning”
• 刘宓庆 《现代翻译理论》“语际意义”---六种:概念（主题）
专业英语第一章(英译汉+汉译英)
第一单元（HB纯手工出版）(1-1)Many of the products and services in modern society are based upon the work of electrical engineers and computer scientists. The tremendous reduction over the last decade in the cost of digital electronic devices has led to an explosive growth in the use of computers and computation. At the same time, our increased understanding of computer science has made possible the development of new software systems of increased power, sophistication, and flexibility.现代社会的许多产品和服务都是以电气工程师和计算机科学家的工作为基础的。
在过去的十年里，数字电子设备成本的大幅降低导致了计算机和计算的爆炸性增长。
与此同时，我们对计算机科学的理解不断加深，使得开发更强大、更复杂、更灵活的新软件系统成为可能。
(1-2) In November 1971，Intel introduced the world's first commercial microprocessor, the4004，invented by three Intel engineers. Primitive by today' s standards, it contained a mere 2, 300 transistors and performed about 60, 000 calculations in a second. Today, the microprocessor is the most complex mass- produced product ever, with millions of transistors performing hundreds of millions of calculations each second.1971年11月，英特尔公司推出了世界上第一台商用微处理器,代号4004，由三位因特尔工程师发明。
专业英语阅读课文翻译
Unit1 chemistry and chemists一、英译汉：化学是什么呢？给化学下个定义，就是对物质及其性质的研究。
给物质下个定义，就是所有有重量、占据一定空间体积的东西。
这些定义是能让人接受的，但是并没有解释一个人为什么要懂化学。
这个问题的答案是，我们生活的世界是化学的世界。
你自己的身体就是一个复杂的化学工厂：用化学过程使你所吃的食物和呼吸的空气变化到骨骼、肌肉、血液和组织，甚至你每天所用的能量。
如果疾病阻止这些过程的某个部分发挥正常功能，医生就会开一些化学类的药物，这些药物要么是从自然界中分离的，要么是化学家从化学实验室合成的。
如果没有化学，我们的生活将无法想象，因为化学就在我们身边发挥作用。
想想如果没有化学生活将会变成什么样子——我们家里将没有塑料、电、用来保护的涂料。
将没有合成纤维使我们有衣穿，没有化肥使我们有足够的食物吃。
因为汽车、轮船和飞机没有金属、橡胶和燃料，我们也不能旅行。
没有电话、收音机、电视和计算机，我们的生活将发生很大变化，所有这些产品都靠化学来生产其中的部件。
因为没有药物治疗疾病，人的寿命也将会变短。
化学处在科学研究的前沿，我们喜欢这个迅速发展的技术，你可以为此做出自己的贡献。
看看最近的几个科技研究：计算机图形学能使我们预知小分子能否与大分子结合或反应，这个足以给治疗疾病的药物带来场新的革命；化学家也正在研究运用化学试剂来获得太阳能并使海水淡化的方法；因为金属易腐蚀，化学家也正在研究使用新型的陶瓷材料代替金属的可能性。
在生物技术帮助下，我们发展了食品的新来源、产生燃料的新方法、以及新的丝绸补救方法。
因为计算机帮助我们预知和解释从试管得到的结果，结果的速度、准确性、质量得到迅速提高，所有这些给产品发展带来益处。
化学家应该给我们提供新材料伴随我们进入新世纪。
从事这项学科，你能为社会做出积极的贡献。
这儿有一些选择化学作为职业的好理由。
首先，如果你对化学有兴趣，你可以有机会给新技术的发展做出贡献。
专业英语(上)课文翻译
1.一般工程钢（淬火和回火钢）经过简单正火处理后的碳素钢（碳含量0.25—0.60％，最大含Mn量1.0％），广泛应用于棒条、一般工程锻件、落垂锻件中。
对于给定的材料的最佳性质组合只体现在不超过一定尺寸的组件中，对于碳钢来说，这个尺寸很小（低限制的最大截面）。
这些碳素钢经过淬火和回火后可以获得优良的拉伸强度、屈服强度、延伸性和抗冲击性。
任何一种钢都有一个最小的冷却速度以产生有效硬化。
同样，热量被淬火介质吸收的速度也会受到最大截面的影响。
虽然有可能通过淬火来硬化特定钢材的小截面，但对于同一钢材的大截面，就不一定了。
这种质量效应和尺寸效应深深地影响着用于淬火和回火的钢的选择。
对于碳素钢来说，要达到满意的硬化效果，冷却速度必须很大，因此，能进行理想热处理的钢材，截面尺寸是有限制的。
而且，在金属中发生相变的参数是其均匀性质是不能赋予给超过一定厚度的工件，因为中心和截面表面之间出在不同的冷却速度。
更进一步说，具有高拉伸强度的普通钢，通常带有相对低的屈服点，并且延展性和韧性都低。
因此，普通碳素钢仅仅可能获得中等的拉伸强度水平与合理的延展性和韧度。
因此，想获得大尺寸和高的拉伸强度的要求，就需要用一种即使在低的淬火热吸收率下也能得到有效硬化的钢。
通过使用合金钢，这些难题便迎刃而解。
通过加入合金元素，如锰、镍、铬、钼、钒，降低了使钢有效硬化的最低冷却速度，这取决于添加元素的含量或元素的组合。
此外，组件的畸变和裂纹也减少了。
多种合金元素总和的应用比单一元素更为广泛。
这是由于有很多种元素同时存在的任一截面起的效果比起有等值的单一元素存在的截面起的效果要大。
此外，某些元素具有的缺点会抵消它们的优点，这就有必要限制它们在金属中的量。
我们也能发现，某些元素组合各自所具有的优点抵消各自的缺点，同时其他优点共同起作用。
铬的单一使用会使晶粒粗化，而镍在长时间加热时也能使含碳量高的钢产生碳化。
铬能够稳定碳化物的出现，而镍帮助晶粒优化。
(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。
也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。
电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。
We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
专业英语unit1 and unit4翻译
Unit 1 The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
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注：电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译 1~7面班级：1002班学号：20姓名：王定瑞PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERINGChapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals第1部分的电气工程基础第1章电路原理Electrostatic Charges静电荷Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.质子和电子部件的原子构成一切事物在我们的世界。
正电荷的质子是类似于负电荷的电子。
然而,一个正电荷的反面是一个负电荷。
这些指控被称为静电荷。
每个带电粒子周围是一个静电场。
The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.这个效应,静电指控对方是非常重要的。
他们要么排斥(离开)或吸引(一起)每个其他。
据说,同种电荷排斥和异种电荷吸引。
The atoms of some materials can be made to gain or lose electrons. The material then becomes charged. One way to do this is to rub a glass rod with a piece of silk cloth. The glass rod loses electrons ( - ) , so it now has a positive ( + ) charge. The silk cloth pulls electrons ( - ) away from the glass. Since the silk cloth gains new electrons, it now has a negative ( - ) charge. Another way to charge a material is to rub a rubber rod with fur.原子的一些材料可以获得或失去电子。
材料然后变成带电。
一个办法是摩擦玻璃棒用一块丝绸。
玻璃棒失去电子(-),所以它现在有了一个积极的(+)费用。
丝绸布拉电子(-)远离玻璃。
因为丝绸布获得新电子,现在有一个负(-)费用。
另一种方式收取材料是磨橡胶棒带毛皮。
It is also possible to charge other materials because some materials are charged when they are brought close to another charged object. If a charged rubber rod is touched against another material, the second material may become charged. 2 Remember that materials are charged due to the movement of electrons and protons. Also, remember that when an atom loses electrons ( - ), it becomes positive ( + ). These facts are very important in the study of electronics.也有可能收取其他材料,因为一些材料费用当他们带来了接近另一个带电物体。
如果一个带电橡胶棒是感动与另一个材料,第二材料可能成为带电。
2记住材料被指控由于电子和质子的运动。
同时,也要记住,当一个原子失去电子(-),它成为积极的(+)。
这些事实是非常重要的在学习电子产品。
Charged materials affect each other due to lines of force. These imaginary lines cannot be seen. However, they exert a force in all directions around a charged material. Their force is similar to the force of gravity around the earth. This force is called a gravitational field.带电材料互相影响由于力线。
这些假想的线不能被看到。
然而,他们施加一个力向四面八方围绕一个带电材料。
他们的力量是类似于重力围绕地球。
这个力称为引力场。
Most people have observed the effect of static electricity. Whenever objects become charged, it is due to static electricity. A common example of static electricity is lightning. Lightning is caused by a difference in charge ( + and - ) between the earth's surface and the clouds during a storm. The arc produced by lightning is the movement of charges between the earth and the clouds. Another commoneffect of static electricity is being "shocked" by a doorknob after Walking across a carpeted floor. Static electricity also causes clothes taken from a dryer to cling together and hair to stick to a comb.大多数人已经观察到效果的静电。
每当对象成为带电,这是由于静电。
一个常见的例子,静电是闪电。
闪电是由一个不同的电荷(+,-)在地球表面和云在风暴。
电弧产生的闪电是运动和地球之间的指控的云。
另一个常见的效应的静电被“震惊”,一个门把手走在铺着地毯的地板。
静电也导致衣服是从一个干燥机抱在一起,头发坚持一个梳Electrical charges are used to filter dust and soot in devices called electrostatic filters. Electrostatic precipitators are used in power plants to filter the exhaust gas that goes into the air. Static electricity is also used in the manufacture of sandpaper and in the spray painting of automobiles. A device called an electroscope is used to detect a negative or positive charge.大多数人已经观察到效果的静电。
每当对象成为带电,这是由于静电。
一个常见的例子,静电是闪电。
闪电是由一个不同的电荷(+,-)在地球表面和电荷是用来过滤灰尘和烟尘在设备称为静电过滤器。
静电除尘器用于发电厂来过滤废气,进入空气。
静电也用于制造砂纸和喷漆的汽车。
了一种叫做验电器是用来检测一个消极或积极的电荷。
Conductors, Insulators and SemiconductorsConductors导体、绝缘体和半导体导体A material through which current flows is called a conductor. A conductor passes electric current very easily. Copper and aluminum wire are commonly used as conductors. Conductors are said to have low resistance to electrical current flow. Conductors usually have three or fewer electrons in the outer orbit of their atoms. Remember that the electrons of an atom orbit around the nucleus. Many metals are electrical conductors. Each metal has a different ability to conduct electric current. Materials with only one outer orbit or valence electron (gold, silver, copper) are the best conductors. For example, silver is a better conductor than copper, but it is too expensive to use in large amounts. Aluminum does not conduct electrical current as well as copper, but it is commonly used, since it is cheaper and lighter than other conductors. Copper is used more than any other conductor.一个材料电流流经它叫做导体。