大学英语第四册
新世纪大学英语第四册课文和翻译
Unit One Text A Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander SpirkinHuman beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?The man-nature relation – the crisis of the ecological situation – is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!人在自然界| 亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。
新标准大学英语第四册第1课
12 paying for careerconsultations, train fares tointerviews or books are good things; being too pushy is not.But while parents should be wary of becoming too soft, Lindenfield advises them to tread踩sympathetically after a job setback for a few days or even weeks–depending on the scale of the knock.After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged推动firmlybackinto the saddle.
10. Gael Lindenfield, a psychotherapist and the author of the Emotional Healing Strategy, says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note.The transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children: Crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making lifheir offspring.
大学英语第四册的课后答案
四、【多项选择】1、宋朝小报盛行的原因是什么？①封建皇朝内扰外患交叉，外兵入侵，政府内忧两派，有要战有要和，矛盾深，不相上下，没时间精力顾及。
（封建王朝内外内忧外患交加无暇顾及）；②精兵把首都攻陷了，宋朝两位皇帝被精兵推翻了，群龙无首；③南宋朝廷也是有令禁止小报发行，但有令不止；④涉及到人们与新闻信息需求有关。
金兵入侵后关系到每个人的身家性命，人们增加了对战争消息的需求。
2、怎样看待外国人在中国的办报活动？①在新闻业务方面：印刷、外形、编辑排版、突破（出现了电稿、号外、通讯、专职采访记者）、新文化和画报、副刊、广告及广告专栏；②提高中国人的文化素质；③有些是支持中国人革命，同情中国人，有的还对抗美援朝战争表示支持；④大量介绍西方的科学、政治、文化等对中国知识分子起到启蒙作用，为中国培养了众多革命者与改革人；⑤为资产阶级新闻事业的发展提供了经验，为后来中国人自己办报也提供了经验与借鉴，学到了办报的技术、方法，成为中国早期办报先驱，培养了许多优秀的办报人才。
3、明清京报所以能够长期存在（盛行）是因为什么原因？①与官报的内容完全相同；②得到封建统治者允许；③消息来源大多来源于内阁发布机关。
4、《万国公报》的主编是什么人？林乐知、李提摩太5、《申报》历任主持人有些什么人？美查、史量才、史咏赓6、梁启超办过的报纸有哪些？《新民丛报》、《时务报》、《中外纪闻》7、章太炎办过的报纸有哪些？《民报》《大共和日报》8、苏报案中被判刑的革命党人是什么人？章太炎、邹容9、《民报》的历任主编？胡汉民、章太炎、陶成章、汪精卫10、袁世凯直接控制的御用报纸是什么？①北京：《国权报》、《金刚报》、《亚细亚日报》；②上海：《神州日报》；③广州：《时敏报》；④长沙：《国民新报》（后改名《大中报》）。
11、于佑任办过的报纸有哪些？《神州日报》、《民呼日报》、《民吁日报》、《民立报》12、.民国初年三大名记者是什么人？黄远生、徐彬彬、刘少少13、改良派办报活动对我国新闻事业发展的贡献有哪些？①冲破了封建统治者的言禁，掀起了中国人办报的第一次高潮，迫使光绪皇帝下诏书允许和鼓励民间办报；②开政治办报的先河，提高了报业和报人的社会地位，以后政治家办报成了我国新闻事业的优良传统；③创造了报章新文体，影响了一代文风。
《大学英语》精读 第四册 Test Yourself 1 2选择题及其答案
Test Yourself 11.Inside,in the warm living room, with a glass of wine to drink and Mozart to listen to on the CD, she was far from the tiredness she had ___C___earlier.A advocatedB conceivedC claimedD accumulated2.If you've worked for one employer for two years or more before leaving to have your baby,you may be __B___maternity pay(产妇薪酬）A drawn onB entitled to (有权益）C settled for (满足于）D rested on (依靠）3.Tons of food was laid out on the big table and crates of beer were ____D__ready for consumption.A reserved（保留）B expended（花费）C generated（产生）D stacked（一堆）4.You'd better keep your leaders___A____of your activities so that they can ensure you are adequately supported.A informed（告知）B amused（有趣的）C outlined（概括）D swallowed（吞咽）5.According to the latest poll,the president's 43 percent support has _B____to 32percent.A minimized（最小化）B shrunk（减少）C cited（引证）D predicted（预言）6.Managers might not borrow as much as they should,if they want to retain a large____C__of borrowing power in case of problems.A delivery（递交）B burden （负担）C reserve （D deposit（沉淀）7.It is said that one____D__a work of art and brings it forth as a child is _____and brought forth into the world.A reproduces, reproduced（繁殖）B safeguards, safeguarded (防护措施）C tolerates,tolerated （忍受）D conceives,conceived (构思、怀孕）8.Our case against piracy was won,but over $75000 had been _B_____in legal costs in the proceedings ,far more than the compensation awarded by the court.A advanced （提高）B expended（花费）C attained（获得）D blasted（爆炸）9.If the environment is to be properly____C___policies must be formulated which will encourage the green industry.A bluffed（吓唬）B promoted（促进）C safeguarded（保障）D varnished (装饰)10.Although we are often successful in securing accommodation for people with AIDS, it is a problem which stretches our _C_____to the full and needs taken care of immediately.A bonuses (奖金）B dilemmas (窘境）C resource (资源）D limitations (限制）11.Mark's latest work ___D___the learning theories of the 1980s as well as his own experience inteaching English to foreigners.A built on（建立。
新编大学英语4课后答案
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Column A Column B The Compound Wordscreated through day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due long-distance, long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written well-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5)C 6) A6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.V ocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate 2.conscious- unconsciousencourage- discouragedirectly- indirectlysexist –nonsexistdependent- independentpositive –negativesuperior - inferiorbiased –fairlimited –unlimitedappropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out2) carry over3) calling on4) put away5) fallen behind6) take overunit4Reading Comprehension1. 1) Introduction(para 1)It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encouragecreativity in children.2) An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (para. 2-3)A. The strategy:To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas.B. The significance for adopting the strategy:If children can be taught to think creatively, they will be better able tofunction in tomorrow’s society.3) The definition of creativity (para. 4-5)A. Who successful students and adults are:Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.B. What creative people can do:They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good forsomething.4) A big problem in school (para. 6)The problem: Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t figureout ways to apply what they know in new situations.5) A new approach to teaching (para 7)A. The approach: Combining the basics with the activities where students mustuse their imaginations.B. How to do so: By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas andnew thoughts.C. How to facilitate the process: To create an atmosphere in which there is norisk in being creative-- a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.6) Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (para. 8-10)A. To involve children in decision making.B. To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.C. To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. The reasonfor doing so: Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.D. To show a sense of humor. The reason for doing so: Children can seecreativity in its purest form.E. To give children choices from their earliest age.Examples:a. When they are very young, let them choose between two food items forlunch.b. B. When they grow older, let them decide how to use their time or spendtheir money.V ocabulary3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital 6) scorned7) conventional 8) original4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determined 5) Imagination6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique 11) vulnerable12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) ApplyUnit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good orbad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.(para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parentstry to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to tryto be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect humanbeings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.V ocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUNIT 71. belief –doubt deep- shallow learn- unlearn shame- pride inadequate-adequatesuccess- failure boring- interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessusefulwell-informed ---- ill-informed smart- dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out 5) by no means6) got down to 7) distinguish…from 8) look back on 9) gone through10) after all 11) be rid of 12) on my own3.choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting tests within had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shapeUNIT 81. C E B D A F2. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得 redo 重做，再做rewrite 重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变 replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加入 reform 改革readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习3. B A D A D C A A A BUNIT 91. 1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) ProsperityCOLUMN A COLUMN BInvention inventavailable nnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed 10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressure。
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册课件 Unit2
key
key key key
Answers : 1.A blind spot must be a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver can not observe from the rearview mirror 2. Global positioning system is a service linked with a satellite. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. 3. Atomic clock vibrates at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory. 4. An automated driver is a plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer
大学英语精读第四册
大学英语精读第四册Unit one: Big Bucks the Easy Way Introductory RemarksIn the United States of America Family background or personal influence plays a much less important role than in many other societies. Anyone who wants to become successful has to rely mainly on his own efforts. That’s why many American parents encourage their children to do part-time jobs while studying in college or even in high school. This is of great benefit to the young people not only financially but also in the development and formation of character, for in the process of work, they can learn a lot of things which are impossible for them to acquire (= get / obtain) from their textbooks at school.In this story, for instance, the two college sons have to develop management skills quickly in order to get their work done; they have to learn cooperation, team work, efficiency and business ethics (理念)in order to meet the real world’s deadlines. And the two youngest sons have also to learn that “you are never done with books”, because books teach us knowledge and theories which are as important as, if not more important than, practical experience.Written in a humorous style (幽默的风格), the story also tells us as well as all those youngsters that there is no easy way to earn a lot of money in the United States. You have to learn quickly and work hard before you can get your share of money.PrefacePatterns:be unaware of (sth) = be unconscious of (sth)be unaware + that clause = be unconscious +that clause Pattern:involve oneself in / with / into sth = be involved in / with/ intotempt (=induce) sb into doing sth诱惑某人做某事Compare: advertisement / advertisingadvertisement / commercialsPattern:promise sb. to do sthprobably = maybe = perhapsCompare :too … to(否定)only/but/simply/never too …to (强调肯定)1)This text is too difficult to learn.2)This text is simply/but/only/never too difficult to learn.Big Bucks the Easy Way轻轻松松赚大钱buck (American slang = money): ten bucks (=dollars); in the bucks (手头有钱)Lines 1 – 14look into = investigate: look into (=investigate) the matter Pattern: suggest sth to sbavoid (vt.): keep away from (避开; 避免)Pattern: avoid doing sth. (Right); avoid to do sth. (Wrong) dignity (庄严; 尊严); indignity = in + dignityplastics (n.) (塑料); plastic (adj.)塑料的hang –hanged – hanged (vt.)吊死；绞死e.g.: The murder was sentenced to be hanged.hang – hung – hung (vi. & vt.)悬挂；垂下e.g.: I plan to hang some pictures in my new house. message: note; informationtext message手机短信leisurely (adj.):(moving, acting, or done) without haste; unhurried 从容的; 不慌不忙的lucrative (adj.): profitableleisurely, lucrative work: work that brings in a lot of money and can be done with ease 能轻松赚钱的工作I can live with(=put up with / endure)it (=indignity). panhandle:(AmE) beg, esp. on the streetembarrass sb. = make sb. feel embarrassed 使人感到难为情magazine-delivery thing 投递杂志的事settle (=accommodate) oneself in some placeLines 15 – 29enthuse (vi.): show enthusiasm非常兴奋；兴高采烈enthuse (vi.) --- enthusiasm (n.) --- enthusiastic (adj.)inquire = ask: Pattern:inquire / ask sth of sb.super (colloq.): wonderful; splendid; excellentsnap (vt.): say (sth.) sharply 厉声地说“Super!” she snapped, “Just super!…”: The verb “snapped” makes it clear that she was saying this in an ironical tone. As a matter of fact, her day was just awful.truck (AmE) = lorry (BrE)pull up: come to a stop; bring to a stope.g.: John was walking along the street when suddenly a car pulled up beside him.Montgomery Wards; Sears; Roebucks:They are mail-order business companies 从事邮递业务的公司…it will be four thousand of something:…it will be four thousand advertising inserts for some other department store or companyPattern: be responsible (to sb.) for sth.Compare:responsibility --- obligation --- liabilityFill in each of the blanks with the proper word:Your _____ is to sign the contract between the two companies. Each company must carry out the signed contract for its ____, andany party has to take its _____ if it fails to implement the contract Patterns: Sb. is to blame for sth (Formal)Sb is blamed for sth; blame sb for / on sth (Informal)…it turned out(prove / come to be clear) 插入语hand-deliver (vt.) = deliver by hand派人直接送advertising inserts用于广告作用插在报纸或杂志中的广告插页…are included with(=be inserted between / be put between)…Patterns:1.promise to do sth2. promise sb to do sth3. promise sb for sth(a) piece of cake: a colloquial phr ase “sth can be done easily”Lines 30 – 50six hundred (bucks = dollars)echo (vt.): repeat (the word, feelings , etc. of sb.) 附和; 重复e.g.: The little boy echoes everything his brother says. Patterns:1. inform sb of sth. 2. inform sb + that clauseAnd we do the job in two hours. (note: not using “after”) porch (AmE) = veranda (BrE) 门廊even as (= just at the time when ) we speak 引导让步状语load 装--- unload卸carrying armloads (n.) of sth: carrying armful of sth…all this指这么多广告to get (系动词) busy = to start to workurgent message紧急留言unnaturally high: extraordinarily / extremely highquaver (vi.): (of the voice or a sound) shake; tremble颤抖truckloads of ad inserts几卡车的广告插页dime: coin of U.S. and Canada, worth of ten centsdime store: 廉价商品店drugstore: 杂货店；药店grocery :食品店greengrocery: 蔬菜店whole magazine sections整本杂志那么厚cram (vt.)把…塞满; 装满wall-to-wall(方式状语): 类似的表达方式face-to-face; shoulder-to-shoulderstack = pile 堆in stacks = pile and pile; in pilestake one each of the eleven inserts从十一中插页中各取一份slip a rubber band around them套上橡皮筋slide into塞进takeout restaurant 外卖餐馆Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. :Her voice kept rising as if (her voice was) rising to such a pitch that it could no longer be heard by the human ear.keep doing sth持续做某事as if:后可接现在分词He paused as if expecting me to speak. work one?s way费力前进; 努力获得range范围; out of the range of超过…范围Lines 51 – 65Pattern: had better do sth; had better not do sth.as … as one can= as … as possiblee.g.: Please come here as soon as you can. = Please come here as soon as possibleGot a lunch date. = I have got an appointment for lunch.I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so.我吃的牛排好极了，但这次学乖了，还是不说为妙know better than to do很明智不去做…e.g.: As a college student, you should know better than to waste your time like that.Some sort of (= something like) sour fisheel: (long, snake-like fish) 鳗；鳝a couple of = a few 两三个；几个；assembly line装配线；流水作业“movement” = some progress or advanceencouraging --- discouragingPattern:encourage sb. to do sth.Pattern: be at sth:从事于; 在状态中e.g.: They are still at work (at rest).Compare: roof --- ceilingdent (n.)凹下的地方make a dent in 使凹下去(即减少);此处意为减少一点;有所进展re-: again; once more使…再生; 增加re produce --- re print --- re tell --- re thinkLines 66 – 80get…out of…: 从…中得到get the best out of …: 从…中得到最大利益…one does not get the best out of employees by …: one does not get the greatest possible amount of work out of his employees by …bodily harm体罚obtaining an audience with跟…通话son No. 1: the older sonPatterns: threaten (vt.)1.Nuclear weapons threaten the peace and security of theworld.2.The robber threatened me with a gun.3.He threatens to make the photo public.bonus: reward cut into (=reduce) our profitunless: if notPattern: enable sb. to do sth. = make sb. able to do sth. Compare: on time --- in timeIf they don?t =If they don?t make all the deliveries on time There will be (is) no +动名词= it will be (is) impossible to do 意为“不可能”1.There is no getting along with him.跟他是无法相处的。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程第四册Unit4课后练习答案
全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第四册Unit4课后练习答案Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.Main Events1.Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2.Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not anaccident of birth.3.Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital,labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4.Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnectedmarket-place in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest carmaker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with hiswife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late wasunsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. C loning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A) 1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a balance2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2．Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links betweenChinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. Part III Text BComprehension Check1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. dTranslation1.如果9/11 有什么引⼈注⽬的地⽅，那就是恐怖主义者们来⾃世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地⽅：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。
新标准大学英语 第四册 第一单元 课文原文及翻译 表格格式
Although she istaking a soft linewith her son at the moment, she is clear that after anupcomingthree-week trip to South America, his holiday from work will have to end. He may even have to pay rent andcontribute to the household bills.
大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦
Looking for a job after university First,get off the sofa
今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们
More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job. Howtoughshould a parent be togalvanizethem in thesefinancially fraught times
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉 学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一 起住的另外5 个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程-第四册-重点词组
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程第四册Book 4—Unit 51。
教师用书中给出例句的词、词组。
2。
课文里出现的常用表达：1。
至于……，就……来说for one's own part (Para 1）2。
有能力；能够be capable of （Para 2)3。
浑然一体的all of a piece （Para 2)4. 和……一致；符合in accordance with （Para 2)5. 有点儿；在某种程度上something of (Para 3)6。
点头致意nod a greeting （Para 7)7. 说来奇怪oddly enough (Para 11）8。
遇到；偶遇come across （Para 11）9。
欣然地with a good grace (Para 16）10. 破产go broke (Para 17)11. 穷困潦倒down and out (Para 23)12。
自杀commit suicide （Para 23）13。
身体（或精神）跨下来；崩溃be all to pieces (Para 24)14。
大吃一惊be taken back （Para 37）15. （身体）状况良好in good condition (Para 39)16。
出现；现身turn up (Para 45)17。
稍微；有点儿 a trifle (Para 48)Book 4—Unit 61。
教师用书中给出例句的词、词组。
2. 课文里出现的常用表达：1. 吞噬eat into (Para 2）2. 耗时的长途旅行time—consuming journeys（Para 4）3。
困于交通堵塞stuck in traffic jams4. 越洋购物旅行the transatlantic shopping expedition（Para 4）5。
在大多数情况下in most cases（Para 5）6. 使…摆脱free sb。
《大学英语》精读第四册Test-Yourself选择题及其答案解析
《大学英语》精读第四册Test-Yourself选择题及其答案解析Test Yourself 11.Inside, in the warm living room, with a glass of wine to drink and Mozart tolisten to on the CD, she was far from the tiredness she had claimed earlier.在里面，在温暖的客厅里，喝着一杯酒和莫扎特在CD上听，她远远没有早些时候所声称的疲倦。
A advocatedB conceivedC claimedD accumulated2.If you've worked for one employer for two years or more before leaving tohave your baby, you may be entitled to maternity pay(产妇薪酬）如果你在离职前为一个雇主工作两年或更长时间，你有资格享受产假。
A drawn onB entitled toC settled forD rested on3.Tons of food was laid out on the big table and crates of beer were stacked ready for consumption.一大堆食物摆在大桌子上，啤酒桶堆叠起来准备消费。
A reservedB expendedC generatedD stacked4.You'd better keep your leaders informed of your activities so that they can ensure you are adequately supported.你最好让你的领导知道你的活动，这样他们就可以确保你得到充分的支持。
新视野大学英语第四册课后习题答案
新视野大学英语第四册课后习题答案华侨大学工程硕士（泉州）周末班英语考试题型及复习范围听力题型短对话（10题*2%=20%）——听1遍长对话（2段，10题*2%=20%）——听2遍，给问题篇章听力（2段，10题*2%=20%）——听2遍，给问题判断正误（1段，5题*2%=10%）——听1遍听力填空（1篇，10空格*3%=30%）——听3遍1、2、4、5、6单元basic listening practice 、listening in 部分对话、篇章、判断题、填空（有改动）阅读题型作文（1篇，120字，15%）阅读理解（1篇，10题*2%=20%）选择题（四选一单选，10题*2%=20%）翻译汉译英（5*3%=15%）部分句子翻译英译汉（2段*5=10%）课文中短段落选词填空完成句子（12单词选10个填空，不需变形）1、2、3、5、7课文，课后练习：选词填空，汉译英，介词填空（改）U1A：3、4、11B：3、4U2A：3、4、11B：3U3A：3、11B：3U5A：11B：3U7A：3、11、12B：3新视野大学英语第四册，课后习题（较全的，不含课文和作文，根据老师的提供课后习题和网上下载整理，希望对大家有用，作文另外整理。
有再分类整，请大家互相支持，争取全过不挂科，多联系，多提意见。
陈培榕，138********）Unit 1A III1.Hundreds of workers sat idle on the factory floor waiting for the assemblyline(流水线) to start again.数百名工人被闲臵在工厂地板上等待流水线重新开始。
2.To some of our problems there was more than one answer, so we werelooking at the students’ reasoning as to how they got it and if they could justify the answer they had.对我们的一些问题有一个以上的答案,所以我们看学生推理他们如何得到它,如果他们能证明他们的答案。
大学英语第四册课文翻译(含sectiona与sectionb目前最完整的翻译)
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译（含Section A与Section B，目前最完整的翻译）第四册unit1 sectionA艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
新起点大学英语第四册课后练习题含答案
新起点大学英语第四册课后练习题含答案第一章练习题答案Section A1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10. CSection B11.What do you think?12.I don’t know.13.I’m not sure.14.Maybe.15.I disagree.第二章练习题答案Section A1.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.D8.A9.B10. DSection B11.The customer is always right.12.It’s better to be safe than sorry.13.Early bird catches the worm.14.Practice makes perfect.15.Look before you leap.第三章练习题答案Section A1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D10. ASection B11.After the storm comes the calm.12.Time is money.13.All roads lead to Rome.14.Actions speak louder than words.15.Better late than never.第四章练习题答案Section A1.B2.D3.C4.A5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10. ASection B11.Think outside the box.12.All is fr in love and war.13.As you sow, so you shall reap.14.Honesty is the best policy.15.Silence is golden.第五章练习题答案Section A1.C2.B3.D4.A5.A6.C7.B8.D9.B10. CSection B11.There’s no place like home.12.Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.13.Fortune favors the bold.14.Better safe than sorry.15.Every cloud has a silver lining.结语以上是新起点大学英语第四册课后练习题的答案，希望能帮助大家更好地备考英语考试。
大学英语视听说4
大学英语视听说4大学英语视听说4是大学英语视听说课程的第四册教材，旨在帮助学生提高英语听力、口语和表达能力。
本教材在前三册的基础上进一步拓展学生的听力技巧和口语表达能力，并通过多种教学活动和素材，提供丰富多样的练习任务。
以下将从教材内容、教学方法和学习建议三个方面来介绍大学英语视听说4。
一、教材内容大学英语视听说4教材由八个单元组成，每个单元都围绕一个特定的主题展开。
主题包括健康与生活方式、社交媒体、环保、法律和道德等多个方面，旨在帮助学生了解和掌握各种日常生活和社会话题的词汇、语法和表达方式。
除了主题单元，教材还提供了一些独立的听力和口语练习，以帮助学生进一步巩固所学内容。
这些练习包括听力理解、听写、口语对话和演讲等。
通过这些练习，学生可以提高自己的听力技巧，增强口语表达能力，并且学习如何运用所学知识参与到真实的社交和学术场景中。
二、教学方法在教学方法方面，大学英语视听说4采用了多种方法和技巧来帮助学生有效地学习。
首先，教材中的听力材料包括多种语速和语调的录音，以帮助学生适应不同场景中的英语听力环境。
同时，教材还提供了丰富的听力理解练习，通过听力材料的反复练习，学生可以提高自己的听力水平。
其次，大学英语视听说4注重口语交际能力的培养。
教材中的口语对话和演讲练习旨在让学生尽可能地进行口语实践。
通过模仿和参与实际对话，学生可以提高自己的口语表达能力，并学会运用所学知识和技巧进行有效的口头表达。
再次，大学英语视听说4注重学生的自主学习能力的培养。
教材中提供了大量的自主学习任务，包括听力、口语和写作练习。
学生可以通过这些任务进行自主学习，提高学习效果，并培养自主学习的能力。
三、学习建议对于学生而言，要学好大学英语视听说4，需要采取一些有效的学习策略和方法。
首先，建议学生在课前预习教材，了解该单元的主题和内容。
预习使学生对教材内容有一个初步的了解，有助于在课堂上更好地理解和掌握。
其次，学生应充分利用教材中的多样化的练习任务。
大学英语第4册
大学英语第四册Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone had hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys arecarrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning.""Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'""That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!""Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……"New Wordsbuckn. (sl.) U.S. dollarplastica. 塑料的n. (pl) 塑料doorknobn. 门把手leisurelya. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的leisuren. free time 空闲时间，闲暇lucrativea. profitable 有利的；赚钱的painvt. cause pain topanhandlevi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streetsdeliveryn. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交enthusevi. show enthusiasminquirevt. asksupera. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellentsnapvt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说insertn. 插页normallyad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常companyn. 公司echovt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复adn. (short for) advertisementinformvt. tell; give information 告知porchn. (AmE) veranda 门廊armloadn. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armfulwalkn. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道unnaturallyad. in an unnatural way 不自然地quavervi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖truckloadn. as much or as many as a truck can carrydepartment storen. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司dimen. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten centsdime storen. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口店drugstoren. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and food 药店，杂货店groceryn. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店sectionn. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；节；部分cramvt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞满；把……塞进stackn. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）bandn. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物vt. tie up with a band 捆扎rubber bandn. 橡皮筋takeouta. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的rangen. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围marvel(l)ousa. wonderful; astonishingsteakn. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片soura. 酸的eeln. 鳗鲡diplomacyn. 外交encouraginga. 鼓舞人心的dentn. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进展reproducevt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖bodilya. of the human body; physicalharmn. damage or wrong 伤害audiencen. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见的机会snarlvt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说bonusn. an extra payment to workers 奖金thoughtfula. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的cashn. money in coins or notes 现金activistn. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子work forcen. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动人口competitivea. 竞争的organizern. person who organizes things 组织者mediationn. 调解partyn. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人graduallyad. slowly and by degrees.graduala.shrink (shrank, shrunk)vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小deadlinen. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限station wagonn. 小型客车，客货两用车minimum (pl. minima or minimums)n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等minimum wagen. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资odda. strange; unusualgoings-onn. activities, usu. of an undesirable kindcartonn. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）curbsiden. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）enlistvt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和帮助；征募trashn. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾pickupn. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车overhearvt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到financen. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金融geezint.哎呀，呀salen. the act of selling sth.Phrases & Expressionspull upbring or come to a stop （使）停下a piece of cake(informal) sth. very easy to doeven asjust at the same moment asknow better thanbe wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于be atbe occupied with, be doingmake a dent (in)make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一点；取得初步进展cut intoreduce; decrease 减少have no businesshave no right or reason 无权，没有理由settle foraccept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于settle one's accountpay what one owes 结帐quite a whilea fairly long timedraw(sb.'s) attention tomake sb. notice, or be aware offor saleintended to be soldfor rentavailable to be rentedbe done withstop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用may/might/could as wellwith equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好Proper NamesMontgomery Ward蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司Sears, Roebuck西尔斯—罗百克百货公司Unit 2TextIs there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLESome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milkproduction is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: " Drive only when necessary," we were told. "Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.New Wordsn. (sing. or pl.)鹿romantica. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的turnn. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向currencyn. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币ecologicala. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment 生态的ecologyn. 生态学convertvt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使转变；使改变信仰（等）excessn. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过量；过度reserven. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）scarce a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的wildlifen. animals and plants which live and grow wildnutritiousa. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的femalea. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的n. a female person, animal or plantconceivevt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思n. a young deer less than a year oldtimingn. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择consumevt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费regionn. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位amplea. plentiful 充裕的resourcen. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do what one wants 资源dependenta. relying (on another) for supportmalea. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的n. a male person, animal or plantantlern. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角depositvt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放；使沉积doen. a fully-grown female deerexpendvt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽accumulatev. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚accountn. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款spotteda. marked with spotsdepthn. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度safeguardn. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施internala. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的physiologicala. 生理的；生理学的metabolismn. 新陈代谢hencead. therefore 因此，所以expendituren. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费；用光；支出额，费用somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微drowsya. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的hibernatevi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠extremen. either end of anything; highest degree 极端seasonala. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的rhythmn. 节奏abundanta. more than enough 充足的；丰富的cabinn. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍meltv. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化amusinga. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的amusevt. cause to laugh or smilethermostatn. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器biologicallyad. 生物学上biological a.survivaln. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存productivityn. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产fundamentala. basic; most importantPhrases & Expressionsgo roundfunction smoothlyin the form of以…形式in pointappropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的in (good) conditionin good health, physically fitgive birth (to)bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起draw ontake or use as a source 利用；动用slow down(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way （使）慢下来；（使）放松turn downreduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低move abouttravel around; go from one place to anotherpull throughhelp (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机Proper NameMinnesota明尼苏达（美国州名）Unit 3TextCan you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will you have to draw on the opinions of experts?WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?George OrwellSomewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round. The average man, saysShaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round. He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge. Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day, you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved. But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are spherical. I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth? The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper articles and science booklets.Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round. The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's statement, and would I even know a way of testing it? Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace. I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information. On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise, when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty? Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that "everyone knows" the earth to be round, and if pressed further, would become angry. In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have to carry is partly responsible.New Wordsprefacen. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序gulliblea. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的superstitiousa. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的credulityn. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信citevt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出widespreada. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的advancevt. put or bring forward; offer 提出appealvi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力mentalityn. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力exaggeratevt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大saken. end, purpose 缘故geographern. a specialist in geographyoculara. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的theoreticala. of or based on theorycitizenn. 公民;市民refutevt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥mastn. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆funneln. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)烟囱invisiblea. that can not be seenhorizonn. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线phenomenon (pl. phenomena)n. 现象curvevt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线followvi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出sphericala. shaped like a ball 球形的ovaln.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)cardn. 纸牌analogyn. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似promptlyad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地。
新编大学英语单词表(第四册)
a.原因的，关于因果的changeablea.易变的，不定的committeda.坚定的，献身的，忠诚的competinga.抵触的，相互矛盾的contemplativea.(好)沉思的，(爱)思考的engenderv.造成，引起ethicala.道德的，合乎道德标准的exteriora.外部的，外面的 n.外部，外表，外貌extrovertn.性格外向的人extroverteda.性格外向的fluctuatev.起伏，波动，涨落fraternala.异卵双生的；兄弟(般)的，友爱的gloomn.忧郁，沮丧；昏暗，阴暗gloomya.忧郁的，沮丧的；昏暗的，阴暗的hunchn.预感，直觉individualistica.显示个人独立性和个性的；个人主义的introvertn.性格内向的人lastinga.持久的，永久的，耐久的metropolitana.大都会的，大城市的mushroomn.蘑菇 v.迅速生长，迅速发展mythicala.想象的，虚构的prematurelyad.过早地，比预期时间早地n.从事的事务，研究ratingn.评定的结果，品级reboundv.恢复，振作，回升restraintn.克制，抑制，限制；约束措施，约束条件sagen.哲人，圣贤之人serenityn.安详，宁静shacklen.脚镣，手铐 v.束缚spousen.配偶subjectivea.主观的，个人的supportivea.起支持作用的，支援的totalitariana.极权主义的virtuousa.道德的，善良的，正直的be grounded in以…为基础，以…为根据in short总之，简而言之scores of许多；大量beckn.点头，招手chancellorn.(德国、奥地利等国的)总理collegiatea.大学的，大学生的czarinan.沙皇皇后，女沙皇defectn.缺点，缺陷，毛病diphtherian.白喉dismayn.惊恐，惊愕；失望，气馁n.公爵夫人，公爵遗孀，女公爵duken.公爵，(欧洲公国的)君主empressn.女皇，皇后fluentlyad.流利地，流畅地governorn.地方长官，州长liberala.赞成进步或改革的；不受传统和准则约束的mythologyn.(总称)神话needleworkn.针线活，缝纫手艺noblemann.出身或地位高贵的人，贵族princessn.公主，王妃prominencen.显著，杰出revoltn.起义，反叛willfula.任性的, 固执的be at someone's beck and call听候…的吩咐deny sth. (to) sb.拒绝给予fall ill得病put down镇压，平定；记下，写下reach an agreement取得一致意见，达成协议turn sb. against sb. else使…转而反对…，使…对…有偏见afflictv.使苦恼，折磨altruistica.利他主义的，无私的balda.秃顶的n.监管，监护effortlesslyad.毫不费力地，轻易地essentiallyad.本质上地，实质上地ex-wifen.前妻internetn.国际互联网，因特网multiplea.多重的，复合的，多种多样的remarryv.再婚sclerosisn.硬化(症)spirituala.精神上的，心灵上的truismn.自明之理，众所周知的道理virtuallyad.几乎，实际上aside from除…之外draw a conclusion得出结论，作出推论come to a conclusion得出结论，作出推论for life终身，一辈子live up to不辜负(期望)，达到(预期的标准) look up查找，查阅；抬头看miss the point没抓住要领，没领会含义owe it to someone to do sth认为自己有必要为某人做…stumbling block绊脚石，障碍物take pleasure in以…为乐，以…为荣take the easy way out以省事的，但非最好的做法来回避困难n.高架渠，渡槽，导水管，渠道barbarismn.残暴行为，暴行cathedraln.教区总教堂，大教堂compromisen.妥协，折衷办法 v.妥协，折衷genociden.种族灭绝，灭绝种族的大屠杀Gothica.哥特式的，尖拱式的，哥特风格的inactivea.不活动的，消极的inquiryn.(=enquiry)询问，打听；调查，探究lightenv.变得明亮，使…明亮liquorn.酒，烈性酒mistreatmentn.虐待nonrenewablea.不可再生的pyramidn.金字塔unavoidablea.无法避免的unspokena.未说出口的a feather in one's cap某人的卓越成就，某人值得自豪的荣誉be subject to易受…；常遭…equate sth with把…和…等同起来for the better好转，向好的方面for the worse向坏的方面，恶化have no alternative but to do 除…外别无选择，只好sit back袖手旁观，不采取行动n.羡慕，钦佩；赞赏adorablea.迷人的，讨人喜欢的，可爱的aggravationn.烦恼，恼火allowancen.津贴，补贴，零用钱anglev.(用暗示等方法)取得，谋取 n.角，角度angstn.忧虑，疑惧(尤指对于世界局势) astonishmentn.惊奇，惊讶awhilead.一会儿，片刻，暂时baitn.诱饵，诱惑物blazinga.强烈的，燃烧的，炫目的broodv.忧思，沉思；(禽类)孵蛋confessv.承认；坦白cravev.渴望得到，迫切需要darklyad.悲观地，忧郁地detainv.耽搁；留住epistemologyn.认识论expoundv.详述，阐述exultv.狂喜, 欢欣鼓舞forgivablea.可原谅的，可宽恕的，可饶恕的gorgeousa.非常漂亮的，令人愉快的gourmeta.美食(酒)的grossa.粗俗的，粗野的；总的，毛的ad.严酷地，无情地，严厉地injusticen.非正义，不公正，无道义meditativelyad.深思地，沉思地name-dropv.借名流权贵来抬高自己narcissistica.自我陶醉的，孤芳自赏的needya.(处于)缺少或欠缺状态的；极其贫穷的nonstopad.不停地 a.不停的offensivea.冒犯的，讨厌的，令人不快的outshinev.胜过，优于，使相形见拙overwhelminga.巨大的，势不可挡的permissiblea.许可的，可允许的proclaimv.宣告，宣布；声明restraineda.克制的，自制的，受约束的rivalryn.竞争，竞赛，对抗scarfn.围巾，披肩scholarlya.有学者风度的，有学问的senaten.参议院，议会，最高立法机构senatorn.参议员，议员shamelesslyad.不知羞耻地，不谦虚地show-offn.爱炫耀或卖弄的人strutv.炫耀技能、才智等；趾高气扬地走sufferingn.肉体或内心的痛苦n.(房屋外的)平台，露台throbv.震颤，颤动；(急速强烈地)跳动，搏动tidingsn.[pl.]消息, 音信tootn.发出鸣声或嘟嘟声trashya.毫无用处的，毫无价值的all of a sudden突然，出乎意料地angle for使用暗示手段以期获得某物count as看成，视为entitle somebody to something 给…权利/所有权/资格lay one's cards on the table彻底公开，和盘托出show off炫耀自己的能力、财富、智慧等toot one's own horn自吹自擂，炫耀自己的才能、功绩work...into...把…穿插进，把…插入allegevt.(无证据或发现证据之前)指控，宣称allegeda.被指控的，嫌疑的aspicn.(花色)肉冻bigotryn.偏执的行为、态度或信念blatanta.无耻的，露骨的blowupn.激烈的争论，脾气爆发brawln.争吵，打架burninga.强烈的，热烈的，迫切的calculationn.计算，推算，估计(的结果)n.(私人或商务)交往、关系diapern.尿布effectivenessn.有效，能产生预期效果embracev.拥抱，怀抱 n.拥抱，怀抱forthrightlyad.言行坦诚地，直率地haranguen.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话innocentlyad.无恶意地，无害地miscarryv.流产momentarilyad.短暂地，瞬间地，片刻地Nazia.纳粹党的nightlya.每夜的，夜间的obligatev.(在法律或道义上)强制…做某事pajamasn.睡衣裤pandemoniumn.大混乱，嘈杂骚乱(的场面) prosecutionn.控方，代表原告的律师ravev.极力夸奖，狂热赞扬relievev.缓解，减轻，解除(痛苦、忧虑、麻烦) repentv.懊悔，后悔rundownn.扼要报告，总结sofan.(长)沙发stunv.使震惊，使目瞪口呆testifyv.作证(尤指出庭)，证明n.忍受，容忍unthinkinga.考虑不周的，疏忽的withdrawaln.(社交场合或情绪方面的)冷漠；提款zipv.(用拉链或像拉链那样)合上或打开in order合适的，适宜的；整齐，有条不紊blurt out脱口而出come up出现，发生eat one's words承认说错，收回前言in the way妨碍，阻碍make peace with someone和解，言归于好run into someone偶然遇见某人speak up明确而坦率地发表意见straighten out处理，解决，整顿take...to heart对…深为感动，为…而悲痛weigh...against...权衡，掂量，斟酌zip one's lip缄口不言，不露风声appraisaln.对…作出的评价；评价，鉴定，评估bothersomea.引起麻烦的，令人厌烦的bustern.起破坏、制止作用的人或物completionn.完成imperativea.必要的，紧急的incentiven.刺激，鼓励ingraineda.根深蒂固的，牢固的interruptionn.中断，打断，阻碍manageablea.可管理的，可处理的，易控制的momentumn.动力，冲力，势头procrastinatev.耽搁，拖延recommendv.推荐，举荐；建议，劝告repercussionn.(间接的)影响、后果representationn.表现，描述，描绘subconsciousa.下意识的，潜意识的triviala.琐碎的，不重要的unrealistica.不切实际的，不现实的bread down...into...把…分解为、分(类)为bring...to a halt使停止，使停顿下来clean up做完，完成；彻底扫除，收拾干净；整治cross...off划掉，勾销fall victim to成为…的受害者、牺牲品put...into effect实行，实现，使生效accessoryn.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰air-conditionern.空调器appallinga.骇人的，严重的begrudgev.吝啬，舍不得给bloateda.极其富裕娇惯的v./n.激增，繁荣，迅速发展burialn.埋葬，葬礼buttn.柄，底端，蒂头cemeteryn.公墓；墓地collectionn.收取，取走，收集；收藏品，收集的东西conservationn.保存，保护，避免浪费disorganizationn.无组织，无秩序，混乱dispensablea.不必要的，不重要的，可省去的disposaln.消除，处置，处理；弃菜碾碎器dotinga.溺爱的，宠爱的dumpv.丢弃，倾卸，倾倒；倾销，抛售duplicationn.重复，复制errandn.差使(如送信，买东西等)；(短程)差事excludev.将…排除在外，不包括exclusivea.不包括的，不算在内的；独有的，独享的expediencyn.权宜之计faciala.面孔的, 面部用的Fifin.一种名贵的宠物狗financen.财务管理，财政，金融；财源，资金flushn.冲刷，冲洗；脸泛红fondnessn.喜爱，深情foresightn.先见之明, 深谋远虑n.加伦[液量单位]groomv.刷洗，照看(马、狗等)haulv.(用车等)运送，拖运；(用力)拖，拉householdern.房主，户主insulationn.隔热、隔音、绝缘材料lavishv.滥用，挥霍，慷慨地给予leftoversn.剩饭菜littern.杂物，垃圾 v.乱丢东西于..,使..一片凌乱lurev.引诱，诱惑，吸引markeda.明显的，易见的marketingn.销售，经销obtainablea.能得到的，可获得的occupantn.居住者，占用者offendern.犯罪者，犯错误者packagen.包装，把…装盒/袋；包，包裹painfullyad.困难地，麻烦地，痛苦地parlorn.专营…的店patriotica.爱国的，有爱国心的poodlen.长鬈毛狗populacen.百姓，平民，大众recyclev.回收利用(废物等)spendthriftn.挥霍者，败家子n.刺激(物)，激励 v.激励，鞭策，促进statisticallyad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看steepenv.使(物价或数额)过高，(使)变得昂贵surplusn.过剩，剩余 a.剩余的，过剩的thermostatn.恒温器throwawaya.用后即扔的，浪费的widespreada.普遍的，广泛的wrapv.裹，包burn up(炉火等)烧旺起来cut down on减少，削减exclusive of不包括，不算在内full blast全力地，全速地，开足马力地lavish...on (upon)滥用，浪费，慷慨地给予lure into诱骗…进入(某处)或做(某事)spur-of-the-moment即兴的，一时兴起的run up积欠(账款、债务等)wind up落得…下场，以…告终authoritariana.主张绝对服从权力的boredomn.厌烦；厌倦collaborativea.协作的，合作的daycaren.日托，日间照管儿童flextimen.弹性工作时间制n.骚扰high-profilea.引人注目的integrityn.正直；诚实investorn.投资者mindfula.注意…的；留心…的mindlessa.无须动脑筋的；无须集中注意力的ongoinga.进行中的，不间断的operatorn.(设备、机器等的)操作员，话务员prestigiousa.有声望的profitabilityn.赢利temporarilyad.暂时地，临时地varieda.不同的；各种各样的workforcen.劳动力be mindful of注意；留心be reluctant to do something不情愿做某事be sensitive to something 对…敏感的；对…同情理解的judge...by以…来判断；用…衡量；从…看lay off(暂时)解雇雇员make some difference有些…作用或影响make a difference有…作用或影响make no difference没有…作用或影响to the best of one's potential 尽其所能n.断电，停电individualismn.个性(独立思考、行动的原则或习惯) leisuren.空闲；闲暇paperworkn.文书工作pleasurablea.令人愉快的；使人快乐的urbana.市镇的workaholicn.工作狂，工作迷workaholismn.沉迷于工作，迷恋工作be incapable of doing sth不能做某事fill up填满；装满let someone go松开或释放某人let sth go松开或释放某事物make room for给…腾出地方on a...basis以某方式或方法wear someone out使某人筋疲力尽bitternessn.怨恨conceivablyad.想像中；可能dearlyad.充满深清地deceaseda.已死的，死去了的discreetlyad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地instantlyad.立即，马上lineupn.一行人，一排人a.每月的；每月一次的obituaryn.讣告replacementn.替代人，替代物；接替者，接替物saladn.色拉look someone in the eye直视某人make inquiries about询问pick sb./sth. out辨认出，分辨出stay up不去睡；醒着amusementn.娱乐；消遣assemblevt.聚集；收集briefcasen.公文包cabn.出租汽车chaptern.(书等的)章，回，篇cityscapen.城市风光，城市景色cluttern.使杂乱，乱堆放communala.公有的，共有的commutev.(指在城市与郊区之间上下班的)定期往返dressingn.穿衣embarkv.(使)上船(或飞机/汽车等)flashya.奢华的；炫耀的flirtv.卖弄风情，调情fussn.过分关心；过分体贴；大惊小怪；小题大作v.呻吟；叹息；抱怨headquartersn.总部, 司令部ignoranta.不知道的，无知的，愚昧的importv.进口；输入；引进kimonon.和服mustachen.髭, 八字须necktien.领带neonn.氖noodlen.(常用复数)面条outingn.短途旅行；远足partitionn.分隔物；隔墙；隔板picklen.腌菜pornographica.色情的；淫秽作品的scrubv.彻底擦洗seniorityn.资深；职位高；年长，年高slacka.懈怠；懒散sushin.寿司throngn.一大群；聚集的人群a batch of(人或物的)一批adapt to something(使)适应，(使)适合body and soul全心全意地；完完全全地count on依靠，指望开始吃embark on开始；从事(尤指新的或困难的事)fuss over过分关心；过分体贴hail someone as sth热情赞扬head for朝…行进let someone down使某人失望push one's way往前挤；挤scrub...down彻底擦洗slack off懈怠；懒散touch on (upon)提及或涉及abdicatev.放弃(责任、义务)academiciann.学者，大学教师，知识分子budv.萌发；发芽，长出花蕾 n.芽，苞，蓓蕾coden.准则，规范；密码，代码conceptuala.慨念的，观念的dishonesta.不诚实的duala.双(重)的，两重的flourishinga.繁荣的，盛行的frustratinga.使人沮丧的，令人泄气的gifteda.有天才的, 有才华的hackern.利用电脑系统窃取资料或存款者，黑客inconsistencyn.不一致，前后矛盾ingeniousa.(设计)巧妙的，有独创性的irresistiblea.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的outspokena.坦率的，直言不讳的pamphletn.小册子pedagogicala.教学(法)的peekv.偷看，窥视precautionn.预防，防备，预防措施presumablyad.据推测，大概，可能prevalenta.流行的，普遍的prospectn.前景，前途seminarn.研究班；研讨会shopliftingn.(装作顾客进行)商店的货物扒窃sub-committeen.(委员会下的)小组委员会，小组temptinga.诱人的, 吸引人的troublinga.令人不安的，令人烦恼的visorn.帽舌Walkmann.随身听cut down on减少，削减for one举个例子说for the most part多半，在很大程度上get a handle on理解，控制lay a guilt trip on使…有负罪感on the threshold of在…的开始(或初期)take root确立，建立，根深蒂固dilemman.困境，(进退两难的)窘境furtivea.鬼鬼崇崇的，偷偷摸摸的impoverisheda.贫困的，赤贫的lobbyn.大厅，门厅，穿堂mosquen.清真寺municipala.市的，市政的Muslimn.伊斯兰教徒plazan.广场，市场pollstern.民意测验者，民意调查者populousa.人口稠密的，人口众多的revealinga.发人深省的，揭露内情的，坦诚的shrinen.圣殿，神庙staggeringa.惊人的stalln.店铺，摊位unnoticeda.未察觉的，未注意到的in action在活动，在运行中on the spot立即；在现场turn in交上，上缴；交(作业、写好的文字材料) wrestle with全力对付，努力克服arroganta.傲慢的，自大的a.有教养的，文雅的concedev.承认，承认…为真(或正确) cowardn.懦夫，胆小鬼credibilityn.可靠性，可信度evasionn.回避真相的说法，借口fakev.假装，伪装flatteryn.奉承，恭维话incorruptiblea.不受腐蚀的，廉洁的，正直的initiallyad.起先，开始intoleranta.不容忍的justifieda.正当的，有理的liarn.说谎者oversleepv.睡过头presumptuousa.专横的，自以为是的triangulationn.形成或分成三角(关系)back up证实，支持；复制；(使)倒退be stuck with无法摆脱，解脱不了build up(使)增强、增大carry off成功地处理或应付；拿走，夺走end up doing sth结果…give away暴露，泄露go along (with)赞成，附和纵容，放纵last resort最后一着on behalf of代表某人；为了某人on the grounds of由于…的原因shelter...from使…免于…，防止…遭受…up a storm热情地，干劲十足地acen.A纸牌，幺点骨牌analogyn.相似(之处)，类比，比拟bluffv.虚张声势，用假象骗人 n.虚张声势，欺骗bluffern.用假像骗人的人concealmentn.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒deceptionn.欺骗, 蒙蔽defendantn.被告，被告人distrustn.怀疑falsehoodn.谎言，欺骗forcefullyad.强有力地，有说服力地fraudn.骗子，欺诈行为indifferenta.冷漠的，不关心的integrala.必不可少的，构成整体所必需的legala.法律(上)的，合法的，法定的Midwesterna.美国中西部的obligationn.义务，职责，责任n.障碍(物)，妨碍openheartednessn.亲切和善，真诚坦率piouslyad.虔诚地pokern.扑克preachv.宣讲，劝告prevailinga.占优势的，普遍的resigneda.听任于，顺从sleeven.袖子statesmann.政治家tacticn.方法，策略treacherousa.背信弃义的，不忠的tycoonn.(企业界的)巨头，大亨unethicala.不道德的warrantn.证明(某事物)正当、有理或恰当abide by遵守，信守call for要求，需要depart from背离，违反now and then有时，不时地frown on(upon)frown upon不赞许，对…皱眉get someone off逃脱惩罚，使…逃脱惩罚in the long run从长远来看，最终match...against...使…与…相较量on that account由于那个缘故reflect on招致非议，给…带来影响with some heat情绪激烈地academicallyad.学业上assertivea.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的attractivenessn.魅力，吸引力consistencyn.一贯性，前后一致conversationala.善于辞令的，会话的determinantn.决定因素deviatev.背离，偏离disconcertinga.令人不安的，令人烦脑的drasticallyad.极端地，严厉地favorablea.赞同的，称赞的；有利的，顺利的favorablyad.赞同地，有利地heart-warminga.暖人心房的imperfectionn.缺陷，缺点，不完美likablea.可爱的，值得喜欢的moderatelyad.适中地，有限地overstatev.言过其实，夸大pervasivenessn.遍布，普遍蔓延polisheda.有礼貌的，文雅的sexuallyad.两性之间地sincerityn.真诚，诚挚，诚实startlinga.令人吃惊的，惊人的staturen.身高stepsistern.同父异母(或同母异父)的姐姐或妹妹surmisev.推测，猜测unfavorablea.否定的，不利的unrulya.不守规矩的，不受约束的urbanizev.使都市化wickeda.坏的，邪恶的be concerned with关心give someone the benefit of t给予肯定的判断；或者假定某人是无辜的point to显出大有可能…，表明是…的迹象spring from出于，由…而来，由…造成top it all off更有甚者，最妙的是，最糟糕的是amateurn.外行，粗通某一行的人；业余爱好者ascertainv.查明，确定，弄清beigen.米黄色 a.米黄色的determinablea.可确定的，可测定的discreditv.使不相信，使怀疑distinctlyad.清楚地，显然duplicatev.重复；复制，复印erroneousa.错误的，不正确的extrasensorya.超感官的extrasensory perception超感知觉frivolousa.不重要的，无意义的glorifyvt.使显得更重要，美化hypothesisn.假设，假说hypothesizev.假设，假定，猜测ineffectivea.无效的，效率低的intrinsica.固有的，内在的，本质的intuitivelyad.直觉地neighborhoodn.四邻，街坊；邻近地区，附近nondescripta.平凡无奇的，无明显特征的perkv.振作，活跃起来preconditionv.预先影响或处理，使先有准备predominancen.(力量，数量等的)优势preliminarya.初步的，预备的receptionistn.接待员shabbya.衣衫褴褛的，不体面的；破旧的splurgev.挥霍，乱花statisticn.统计数值，统计资料statisticsn.统计学statisticala.统计(上)的，统计学(上)的subconsciouslyad.下意识地，潜意识地a.城郊的，在郊区的versusprep.以…为对手，对…；与…相对at random随意地，任意地average out平均(为…)cater to迎合，投合clear-cut清楚的，明显的，不含糊的early on在初期，在早期hold up证明属实，经受考验in all probability很可能，十之八九in charge主管；掌管in the long run从长远来看，最终set something in motion开动，使某物开始运转或工作straight out坦率地，直言地alphabetizev.依字母顺序排列bandn.乐队；带，带形物boarding schooln.寄宿学校bulletinn.小报，会刊；简明新闻，新闻快报catalogn.目录(册)，一览表cavaliera.满不在乎的，轻蔑的charitablea.仁慈的，慷慨的，慈悲为怀的clippingn.剪报closetn.壁橱，橱柜n.(佩带的)装饰花束couponn.优惠券，礼券denn.舒适的房间、私室或书斋drainern.滴水用具，滤干器excavationn.挖掘或发掘现场flean.跳蚤foiln.箔，金属薄片geraniumn.天竺葵hardwoodn./a.硬木(的)headingn.标题heirloomn.传家宝mementon.纪念品messya.零乱的，杂乱的，肮脏的plean.请求，恳求professionn.职业，专业工作reusev.再使用rinsev.冲洗salvagev.挽救，抢救sloppinessn.凌乱，马虎unvaryinga.经久不变的，从无变化的wadv.使…成一团wardroben.衣橱本质上，实际上clear off清理，清除cut downcut down on减少finish with sth完成，结束，用好in one's mind's eye在想象中，在记忆中in one's way挡道的，妨碍人的part with放弃，舍弃pass sth on to someone传给（另外的人）pile up堆积；积聚toy with the idea of doing sth随随便便地对待，不很认真地考虑affordablea.支付得起的，不太昂贵的alienatev.使疏远，使不友好aspiringa.积极追求的，有抱负的bicepsn.二头肌bittersweeta.又苦又甜的，苦乐参半的blazern.(与裤子不配套的)男式便上装bombardv.不断给予，连珠炮似地发问；炮击，轰炸bulgev.鼓起, 膨胀cosmetica.美容用的，整容的cripplinga.造成严重后果的dividendn.回报，效益；红利，股息elevatev.提高，使上升n.公平；公正financiallyad.经济上，财政上geln.凝胶体girlya.像少女的，女人气的greedn.贪心，贪婪hairlinen.头发轮廓线，发际线handfuln.一把；少量，少数，一小撮hystericala.歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的insanea.蠢极的，荒唐的；精神错乱的，疯狂的insanityn.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐jawn.上、下颌，下巴，口部journalistica.新闻业的liabilityn.不利条件lotionn.护肤液，洗液，洗剂manicuren.修指甲manufacturern.制造商，制造公司moisturen.潮湿，湿气moisturizern.润肤霜mudn.泥，泥浆nationwidead.在全国范围内 a.全国性的pedicuren.修脚趾甲，足部治疗perpetuatev.使永久存在n.大肚皮，大腹radiusn.半径范围，半径readershipn.(某一报刊杂志等的)读者们saturateda.饱和的，充满的shortcomingn.缺点；短处silkena.柔软光滑的softenern.起软化作用的东西，软化剂，柔软剂suitorn.求婚者toiletriesn.梳妆用品，化妆品underdevelopeda.不发达的，落后的，发育不全的underlyinga.含蓄的，内在的，潜在的underwearn.内衣裤vanityn.虚荣心whitenern.增白剂even out(使)相等，(使)平均fall short of未达到目标、令人满意的标准等have a thing about对…有某种强烈的感情，对…讨厌、关注on one's way正在(做…)，正在(变成…)put on搽，抹thumb through浏览admann.广告商affirmv.证实，确认ad.适当地，恰当地believablea.可相信的belittlev.轻视，小看，贬低cleanern.去污剂colan.可乐cookingn.烹饪deceptivea.骗人的，容易使人上当的defenselessa.无防御的，无保护的，无助的downrighta.彻头彻尾的，完全的，十足的hollowa.空的，中空的，空心的；空洞的，无价值的maidn.女仆；少女，未婚的年轻女子meaninglessnessn.无意义modifiern.修饰语，修饰成分nonsensen.胡说八道observern.观察者ovenn.烤炉，烤箱parityn.相同，相等renderv.使得，使成为rhetoricala.修辞的suckv.吮吸superiorityn.优越(性)，优势，优等supportinga.次要的，辅助性的a.美味的，可口的，好吃的televisev.用电视播放，用电视放映weaseln.鼬，黄鼠狼weasel word滑头话，含糊其辞的推脱话wonderlandn.仙境，奇境delight in以…为乐，喜好masses of大量，大批name someone after照…命名pride oneself on sth以某事物为自豪advisorn.顾问cameramann.摄影师cloudya.模糊的，不清楚的，不确实的；多云的coveragen.承保范围，保险险别；新闻报道designern.设计者earningsn.所挣的钱frugala.节约的，俭省的guildn.行会，协会inferv.推定，推断insidiousa.隐伏的，潜在的，暗中为害的limiteda.有限的liningn.镶边mammaliana.哺乳动物的prominenta.著名的，重要的quizn.(广播、电视等节目中的)智力竞赛recruitern.招募者regulatevt.管理，控制reliablea.可靠的，可信赖的reservationn.保留意见，保留态度；预定residuala.复播复映追加时间；存留下来的，剩余的toxicityn.毒性，毒力unfoundeda.无事实根据的，无基础的uptowna.城镇住宅区的winningsn.赢得的钱in an attempt to do sth为了，企图pick up见到，听到(尤指借助仪器)spell out阐述，详细说明to this day至今try out试一试看能否选上(做某事)appetizinga.(指食物等)促进食欲的，开胃的circulationn.发行量；流通，流传demographica.人口的，人口统计的executevt.执行，履行，实施executionn.执行，履行，实施geographica.地理上的implementationn.实施，贯彻plannern.计划者，计划制订者platformn.(政党的)政纲、政策宣言；讲台，舞台printern.印刷商，印刷工人regardingprep.关于，至于reproductionn.复制，翻版texturen.(织物等的)质地，外感，手感direct...at指向，针对，以…为对象draw up草拟，写出set forth陈述，阐明amazeda.惊奇的，吃惊的barleyn.大麦，大麦粒blanklyad.茫然地，没有表情地break-inn.非法闯入bristlen.刷子毛burglaryn.入户行窃burnern.燃烧物craftya.狡猾的dinev.吃正餐eyebrown.眉毛，眉fluidn.液体gentlyad.温柔地，轻柔地，轻轻地greaselessa.无油腻状物的，不油腻的gumlinen.牙龈hazya.有薄雾的；模糊的innovativea.革新的，新颖的meltv.融化，变软，溶解millimetern.毫米odometern.(车辆等的)里程计panoraman.全景pathfindern.探路者，控索者penetrationn.穿透，刺穿plaquen.齿菌斑quizzicallyad.带有疑问地，嘲弄地replenishv.补充shedv.去掉，除掉sheera.薄得透明的；完全的，彻底的，十足的silkya.象丝一样柔软光洁的sojournern.逗留者，旅居者sonica.声音的，声波的sparklinga.闪耀的，闪烁的stubborna.难以移动、去除的；固执的，顽固的swign.大喝，吞咽travelern.旅游者, 旅行者ultraa.超乎寻常的valen.山谷vistan.(尤指从狭长通道看出去的)景色，远景whiskeyn.威士忌酒break up分解，分散hang on紧握，抓紧某物melt away(使)融化，(使)消散take on开始具有，呈现abortionn.堕胎；流产alarminglyad.让人担忧地alienationn.疏离感apathyn.缺乏兴趣，冷漠bureaun.提供或收集消息的机构；局，司，处；署censusn.统计，人口普查concurv.同意，观点一致corruptionn.腐败disenchanteda.不再抱幻想的；不再着迷的；感到幻灭的disengagementn.解脱disillusioneda.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的disinteresteda.不关心的；不感兴趣的disparatea.根本不相同的；无联系的doctorala.博士的n.选举harassv.骚扰illustrationn.说明；例证insistencen.坚持intrusionn.闯入，侵扰mobilizev.调动，鼓动，动员obscenea.(指思想、书籍等)猥亵的，淫秽的，下流的pervasivea.蔓延的，遍布的；渗透的petitionn.请愿(书)profilen.简介；侧面(像)settleda.固定的；稳定的slothn.懒惰，懒散soundtrackn.电影配乐的录音tabloida.轰动性的；庸俗的tavernn.酒馆widenv.(使)扩大；(使)变宽cut off停止…的供给drop out退出，不参加rock the boat破坏良好(舒适)的现状，捣乱set sb or sth apart from使与…不同wait on tables伺候进餐(尤指侍应等的工作)articulatea.表达力强的v.使不愉快，使生气embarrassinga.令人为难的interrogationn.讯问；审问irrelevanta.不相干的，离题的motiven.动机，目的mum(口语)妈妈；妈咪pan.[口]爸perversea.违反常规的and all that等等，诸如此类break away from摆脱，放弃；脱离(团体、组织、思想体系) carry on继续做；坚持disapprove of不赞成，不同意get off the subject离题go down in history载入史册kind of有几分on the whole总的看来；大体上，基本上or else否则，如果不pick on选择(某人或某物)作受罚(受责备)的对象stand for代表stand up to敢于面对；勇敢地对待where...is concerned就…来说，就…而论admirablea.极好的, 令人钦佩的n.申请人clackv.发出咔嗒声；使咔嗒咔嗒地响gallowsn.绞刑；绞架grima.严酷的，令人害怕的；不愉快的，讨厌的heyint.喂!嘿!inconceivablyad.不可思议地inquiringa.爱探索的，好问的instructivea.有教益的，有启发的intertwinev.(使)缠绕在一起joylessa.不快乐的；沉闷无趣的liberallyad.(指教育)着重于智力的开阔和通才loann.贷款midtermn.期中考试panickya.恐慌的payoffn.报酬；报偿poetryn.诗篇，诗歌prepaida.已支付的，预付的reckoningn.结账，清算residentiala.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的saddenv.使伤心；使悲哀symptomatica.征兆的，表明…的症候tenacityn.坚韧n.学生成绩报告单unswervinglyad.坚定地urgenta.急迫的，紧急的along with跟…一快fall behind落后，跟不上from coast to coast全国各地get through度过pay off使人得益take a lot out of sb使某人疲乏administrativea.管理的, 行政的architectn.建筑师arthritica.患关节炎的bankern.银行家crushv.压垮，压倒，压服，镇压；压碎，碾碎delusionn.错觉demeaninga.降低身份的；有辱人格的diploman.毕业文凭，毕业证书disgracen.出丑，耻辱，丢脸dispatchn./v.派遣；调遣，发送distastefula.讨厌的，不愉快的economicallyad.经济上地estaten.(上有大片建筑物的)土地，区房地产evolutionarya.进化的；演变的fabulousa.极好的，极妙的grunta.普通的headhuntern.物色人才的人pavementn.人行道personablea.英俊的；风度好的postgraduatea.研究生的 n.研究生screwn.螺丝钉put the screws on sb(以威胁或施加压力等手段)强使某人做(某事) traineen.拉受训练的人traumatizeda.受到创伤的truckingn.货车运输业underwritern.保险商，保险业务受理人in due time在一定的时候；最终make the rounds of来回执行任务或找工作pound the pavement徘徊街头找职业take on开始具有，呈现take up采纳(观点等)；采取(某种态度)turn down拒绝wind up落得…下场，以…告终AM=amplitude modulation调幅广播系统n.电(视)台的节目报告员(或评论员、讲解员) antennan.(无线电或电视的)天线aurallyad.听觉地，听觉上地buffern.起保护作用于的人或物cablen.有线电视；缆绳，钢索dazzlev.使赞叹不已，使倾倒deckn.音响设备中放光盘或磁带的装置；甲板deltan.三角洲durabilityn.经久性，耐用性eclipsev.使黯然失色，使相形见绌；日食，月食endearv.使受喜爱exotica.奇异的，外(国)来的firesiden.壁炉边FM=frequency modulation调频gigantica.巨大的；庞大的heartya.真诚的，亲切的，热诚的homesicknessn.想家，思乡病hopelesslyad.没有希望地, 令人绝望地kilobyten.千字节microcomputern.微(型计算)机plantationn.大种植园，大农场powerfula.强大的，有力的，有权的；强壮的，强健的ad.非常地，强有力地premiuma.特佳的，优质的receivern.电视或收音机的接收器；电话听筒remotenessn.偏僻samenessn.单调，千篇一律sanityn.心智健全spectaclen.场面，奇观uninterruptedlyad.不间断地，持续地a wealth of大量的，丰富的be shy about doing sth不愿做..，对..感到迟疑come along出现，来到，可得到give sb credit for相信某人具有(某种性质,优点);为而称赞某人in retrospect回顾往事in the final analysis说到底，归根结底make a case that提出理由、事实证明make contact with与…接触，与…联系on a one-to-one basis一对一地on average平均地affiliatev.使隶属(或附属)于antagonistn.敌人, 对抗者, 对手celebrityn.名人，名流ceremoniala.正式的，仪式的comedyn.喜剧；喜剧性事件documentaryn.记录片hypev.大肆宣传identifiablea.可辨认的inflationn.通货膨胀mostlyad.主要地，多半，通常newsworthya.有新闻价值的nonviolencen.非暴力事件，非暴力signingn.签署，签字starvinga.饥饿的symbolizev.象征，代表timelya.及时的；适时的untoucheda.未碰过的，原封不动的in the abstract抽象地insofar as在…范围内，到…程度，只要in so far as在…范围内，到…程度，只要in favor of赞同，支持on the air(被)播送、广播play out演完，比赛完push aside把…搁置一边tune in收看，收听accordionistn.手风琴演奏者，手风琴演奏家。
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册课文翻译及习题答案(上海外语教育出版
Chinese Translations of Texts A(Units 1-8)参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A????人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯????1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役????1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
????不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
????到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天? ????拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
第四册现代大学英语paraphrase
一1. Nature had endowed rest of human race with a sixth sense and left me out. : Everybody, expect me, was born with the ability to think.2. You should hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. : You could hear the fresh air struggling with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because his chest seemed to be unhealthy, as drinking had obviously harmed his lungs. He would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected attack of the wind. He would not be able to stand steadily so that he had to fall into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by invisible and irresistible spring in the neck. : In this situation, Mr. Houghton didn’t behave in accordance with his high moral tone; he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.4. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians’ intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. : The author holds most businessmen, politician and writers in contempt; in his eyes, they are incompetent, dishonest and incoherent.5. They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded. : They are so daunting in number that we had better not offend them as they are everywhere.6. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. : Just as cows eat grass on the same side of a hill, so humans enjoy following the crowds because it can bring them peace, security, comfort and harmony.7. To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nation. Yes, there were moments of delight. : What a hypocrite our Prime Minister was when he said that the imprisonment of the two major leaders of Free-India Movement was good for India.8. I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads , the Buddhist were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her. : I put my arm around her waist and whispered to her that when it came to the number of believers of a certain religion, the Buddhism would have the most. My “indecent” behavior and the daunting number of the Buddhists scared her off.9. It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. : What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. Some close friends still stuck by me. But my grade-one thinking scared away many of my acquaintances.二1. Bella was the boarding-house lovely, but no one had taken advantage of the fact. : Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, but no one had shown any particular interest in her.2.He possessed a brain, and since no one understood it when he used it, it was resented. : Mr. Penbury was intelligent, but no one in the boarding-house liked him for that. He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.3. But Mrs. Mayton never allowed more than three minutes to go by without a word; and so when the silence had reached its allotted span, she turned to Penbury and asked. : But Mrs.Mayton would not tolerate any silence for more than three minutes. So when no one broke the silence (no one spoke) within three minutes (the allotted span) she lost her patience and, turning to make up a story.4.“Now, then, don’t take too long thinking of an answer!” glared Mr. Calthrop. : Mr. Calthrop was urging Mr. Penbury to give an answer immediately so that he would not have the time to make up a story.5. It found the spot all right. : It (the weapon) went through his heart.6.We all know you walk in your sleep. : We all know that you are a sleep walker, perhaps you killed Mr. Wainwright in your sleep.7.“but let me suggest that you give the statement to the police with slightly less emphasis.” : …but let me advise you not to put so much emphasis on you statement or you may cause the police to become suspicious of what you say to them.8. “No,” I answered. “I’ve come to cure it.” : “No,” I answered, “I’ve come to put an end to your cough.”三1.Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics.Most students begin their study of history with a thick textbook and they, soon, have to deal witha huge number of names, dates, events and statistics.2.Historical, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts”, now becomes a matter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. Historical truth becomes a matter of personal preference.It was routine for history students to remember historical facts. But now, in learning history , they have to decide on a good interpretation from many available to them. Historical truth becomes a matter of what you like and what you dislike.3.They cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of view about an event cannot both be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them.Students can only feel what two completely different points of view about an event cannot both be correct. However, they do not have the ability to make a right choice between them.4.They will read of the interception of the ”Zimmerman Note”, in which the German foreign secretary ordered the German minister in Mexico, in the event of war, to suggest an alliance between Germany and Mexico whereby Mexico, with German support, could win back territory taken from Mexico by the United States in the Mexican War.They will find out information about the interception of the “Zimmerman Note”. In the note, the German foreign secretary issued an order to the German minister in Mexico that if the war should break out, he make a proposal to the Mexican government the Germany and Mexico form an alliance. Thus, the Mexican government could get support from the German government to reclaim the territories that the United States had taken from Mexico in the Mexican War.5.Can we eliminate all disagreement? If the state of our knowledge were such that it provided us with a model of unquestioned validity that completely explained human behavior, we can. Can we get rid of all the disagreement? If our knowledge could give us a model that could provide us with a perfect explanation of our behavior, we could get rid of the different opinions. However, such model doesn’t exit.四1. My parents, and my wife’s parents, and our priest, decided that I wasn’t feeling up to it. And finally I decided so too.: My parent, my wife’s parents and our priest all thought it unwiseand risky to attend the ceremony and my poor health condition could be a good excuse. So finallyI didn’t go, saying that I was not well.2. “I’m a sculptor, not a demonstrator.”：…I’m a sculptor; I don’t like the idea of making my going to get the award a political issue.3. In Orlando you develop a throat of iron.：In Orlando if blacks are caught drinking brandy, they would get into trouble. So if they should drink brandy, they would drink very quickly. So gradually, they have come to have a strong throat like one of iron.4. …so I thought I’d go and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings.: …so I thought that I’d go and see t he window and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelings---feelings of pride for my genius.5. You know it’s by one of your own boys, don’t you?：Don you know it’s a piece of work created by a black man like you?6. She knows it won’t be an easy life.：She knows that her child born black will live a hard life in South Africa where apartheid is practiced and black people are discriminated against.7. I didn’t feel like a drink at that time of night.：I didn’t want to drink because I would be in trouble if the police caught me drinking late at night.8. He wasn’t looking round to see if anyone might be watching.：He didn’t mind being found with a black man so he didn’t look here and there to be sure that nobody saw him with a black. 9. I said unwillingly, “Yes.” : He looked so sincere that I felt that I had to accept his invitation although I knew it was very late.10. Now I certainly had not expected that I would have my drink in the passage. I wasn’t only thinking what you may be thinking. : I had thought that I would be invited into his apartment and sit down and drink with him properly. You may think that I thought it an insult to drink in the passage. But I wasn’t feeling that way.11. Our land is beautiful. But it breaks my hearts. : Our country is beautiful, but it makes me extremely sad.12. …as though they wanted …to touch me somewhere and didn’t know how…: …as if they wanted to follow God’s word and show their compassion and love towards me but they didn’t know how they could do it.13. And I thought it was a pity he was blind, for if men never touch each other, they’ll hurt each other one day.: I believed that it was a pity that he didn’t understand what prevented him from understanding us, because if people don’t understand and trust each other.14. What he was thinking, God knows, but I was thinking he was like a man trying to run a race in iron shoes, and not understanding why he cannot move.: I was not able to understand completely what he was thinking at that moment, but I suppose that it was the prejudice in him that prevented him from expressing his love and compassion for blacks like me.六1. They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody’s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof.: The propositions are based on traditions only, or on totally groundless statement.2. But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian had been exchanged reversed, we can have very little doubt what the result would have been. : But if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences, then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian, and vice versa.3. It is consistent with all our knowledge of psychology to conclude that … : We can conclude, base on all our knowledge, that each would have grown up having exactly the opposite beliefs to what they have now.4 . …we should remember that the whole history of the development of human thought has been full of case such “obvious truths” breaking down when examined in the light of increasing knowledge and reason.: We may still remember that in the history of human development, there have been too many cases that the previous “obvious truths” were proved wrong when new knowledge and reason had been developed.5. The age-long struggle of the greatest intellect in the world to shake off that assumption is one of the marvels of history. : It took many scientists of greatest learning hundreds of years to struggle against the assumption that the planet moved in circles. The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of miracles in human history.6. Many modern person find it very difficult to credit the fact that men can ever have supposed otherwise. : It is hard for modern people to believe that for some time men had ever thought they were thinking with their hearts. Yet it is true that the ancient people really thought in that way.7. We adopt and cling to some beliefs because –it “pay” us to do so. But, as a rule, the person concerned is about the last person in the world to be able to recognize this himself. : We hold and cling to some beliefs because we benefit from believing them. But, usually, those who hold and cling to beliefs will be unlikely to realize this is exactly the case with themselves.8. There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because she is a “somebody ” in some circle. : many people are, unknowingly, forced to hold a belief because he is an important person in a certain group of people who know each other. If he gave up that belief, he would be a insignificant person in that group.。
大学英语第四册习题第六章
UNIT 6Ⅰ、短对话Directions:In this section, you'll hear some short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.1、A. Science fiction movies.B. Horror movies.C. Adventures.D. Romances.2、 A. She should stop admiring the lives of celebrities.B. She should learn from the lives of celebrities.C. She should have more confidence in life.D. She should develop a new hobby or skill.3、 A. Because his work experience met the course requirements.B. Because his tutor didn’t approve his choice.C. Because he found it hard to fulfill the course requirements.D. Because he needed more practical experience for the course.4、 A. Because she likes to read books at her own pace.B. Because she likes to add books to her own library.C. Because she doesn’t like reading in the library.D. Because she likes to collect rather than read books.5、 A. There is no agreement on the amount of violence.B. Police dramas have a positive influence on children.C. Parents complain there is too much violence on TV.D. Parents want their children to view heroes as role models.6、 A. The late fee.B. The rental rate.C. The purchase price.D. The Internet charge.7、 A. Much relieved.B. Rather guilty.C. Greatly troubled.D. Somewhat better.8、 A. He will sell his house to make a living.B. He can no longer bear his marriage.C. He wants to remember his previous marriage.D. He wants to forget his life with his ex-wife.Ⅱ、长对话Directions:In this section, you'll hear some long conversations. At the end of each conversation, some questions will be asked. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.9、A. Play video games.B. See an action movie.C. Watch a new comedy.D. See the new theater.10、A. They give him a lot of fun.B. They help him solve problems.C. They are healthier than action movies.D. They are less violent than action movies.11、A. It presents no risk to his health.B. It is harmful to their relationship.C. It stops him from having fun.D. It takes his time away from other things.12、A. It has a great location.B. It sells delicious popcorn.C. It shows lots of great movies.D. It has a special sound system.13、A. His daughter cared too little about making money.B. His daughter used his credit card for an emergency.C. His daughter spent too much with his credit card.D. His daughter knew little about what she really needed.14、A. Spent $400 dealing with an emergency.B. Posted new fashion colors and styles on her blog.C. Read some blogs to learn about new fashions.D. Looked for information on the new spring colors.15、A. It keeps her updated about her blog readers.B. It helps her learn about new fashion trends.C. It gives her a chance to travel around the world.D. It satisfies her fans to keep up with the new trends.16、A. Learn to manage her money with a budget.B. Create a blog for her father on a new website.C. Take courses that can teach her how to budget.D. Go to the movies or out for coffee with friends.Ⅲ、长文章Directions:In this section, you’ll hear some passages. At the end of each passage, you'll hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.17、A. Those who went to fight in World War II.B. Those who came of age in the 1970s.C. Those who grew up at the end of the 20th century.D. Those who invested in the stock market in the 1950s.18、A. Reading others’ blogs and texts.B. Sharing their creative works online.C. Learning from new creative websites.D. Searching for new hand-held devices.19、A. Because they have made great contribution to the electronic age.B. Because they are average people who like to do everything by themselves.C. Because they demand the same rights of being heard as famous authors and artists.D. Because they are passionate followers of established authors, musicians and filmmakers.20、A. Use of hand-held devices for blogging and texting.B. Help of experts who are ready to share their skills.C. New media which are readily accessible online.D. Program packages which are easy to get and use.Ⅳ、介副词填空Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate prepositions or adverbs. Fill in each blank with only ONE word.He was determined to emancipate his people 21、the control of the colonizers and establish an independent country.The heel of his right shoe always wears 22、 more severely than the left one as he prefers to use the right leg more often.His job was to weld certain parts 23、 automobiles, which required him to keep standing on the assembly line for hours.The young man decided to live 24、 the grid and lead a simple life as an effort to advocate environmental protection.The residents of the city protested to the mayor, urging him to permit the voters to have a say 25、 important matters in city construction.Aiming at winning the support of the suburban middle-class voters, the candidates for the local committee started to cater 26、 their needs.When the drama teacher found out that her district was planning to lay 27、art teachers and kill training programs for amateur performers, she stepped up to save them.History has proved that the ruler who was dependent only upon his power without finding “the way to the people” was destined 28、failure.With an intensive training of five months, this course aims to develop the reading skills to extract information 29、 texts.The research center predicted that the worldwide airline industry would only scrape 30、really thin profit margins this year due to high fuel prices. Ⅴ、词汇与结构Directions:For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete each sentence.31、Living off the ________ might sound fashionable, but in fact it requires great ability of managing one’s life under unpredictable conditions.A. gripB. gridC. grindD. grab32、Computers are smart enough to play chess or ________ speech, but a general theory of machine intelligence still remains beyond our reach.A. ascribeB. prescribeC. describeD. transcribe33、When he used the Internet for the first time, he felt he entered a completely ________ and exciting world he’d never visited before by just clicking the mouse.A. apartB. alertC. awareD. alien34、I will do nothing but ________ you all not to take thought for your own properties,but to care about the greatest improvement of the soul.A. persuadeB. persuadingC. to persuadeD. persuaded35、In the joint session of the US Congress, the ________ took a different stand from the Democrats as they strongly supported building at least a limited national defense.A. republicB. academiciansC. academicD. Republicans36、The old entrepreneur didn’t ________ any of his employees during that serious recession, which won him high respect in local communities.A. lay onB. lay outC. lay offD. lay away37、The boys brought with them drums and guitars, and determined to make a ________ at the school party that day.A. rocketB. rockC. racketD. crack38、Kate’s $370-per-week unemployment payments started coming in, and we saw that we could just ________ on them if we squeezed out every penny.A. stand outB. scrape byC. catch upD. pass by39、Of course, not all gifted children are ________ to be a scientist in the future, but this does not mean that the spirit of science is of no use to them.A. definedB. remindedC. refinedD. destined40、Blinking helps ________ the surface of the eye with tears, washing away dust and other irritants and keeping the sight clear.A. indicateB. fabricateC. illuminateD. lubricateⅥ、阅读理解Directions:Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Few ideas from social science have dug their way into the public imagination like Dunbar’s Number, the famous finding that we humans can’t cope with a social circle much larger than 150 people. The average size of modern hunter-gatherer communities, it’s been calculated, is 148.8. The average size of army companies through history, from the Romans to the USSR, hovers around 150. And the average number of people to whom Britons send Christmas cards, according to a 2003 study, is 153.5. No wonder so many panic-merchants worry that online social networks will destroy society. To accumulate 1,000 Facebook friends, Dunbar’s Number suggests, is to violate a law as old as humanity itself.In fact, the panic-merchants are wrong: Social networks don’t replace offline friendships. Nonetheless, Dunbar’s work does suggest something troubling about modern friendship. For centuries – and especially since the Industrial Revolution – we’ve been uprooting ourselves from the communities in which we were born. Until recently, on arriving in a new place, you’d inevitably lose your ties with the one you’d left; you’d be forced to invest fully in a new social circle. These days, however, thanks to email and Skype, you need never cut those ties. You never leave your old life behind, so your emotional investments are scattered.One consequence is that the people in your circle of 150 are far less likely to know each other. Or, as Dunbar writes, “Our social networks are no longer as densely interconnected as they once were.” Anyone who’s ever fled small-town life mightrespond: Thank God for that. After all, there won’t be people who are always snooping (窥探) on your business.Yet it turns out that when close friends know each other, good things happen. For example, Dunbar’s research shows that people are more altruistic (利他的) toward each other in dense social networks. Why are densely linked friends better friends? In a dense network, an act of friendship is two things at once: an expression of an individual bond, and another stitch in a bigger social fabric.Now you have a good reason to introduce your friends to each other. True, they’ll probably gossip about you at some point, but then that strengthens the social fabric, too.41、According to the passage, Dunbar’s Number is ____________.A. a method to calculate the average size of modern human communitiesB. a public opinion on the potential influence of online social networksC. a theory that states the limit of the size of one’s social circleD. a scientific concept that once influenced human society in history42、The word “panic-merchants” (Para. 1) refers to people ____________.A. who have an intense fear of meeting others through online social networksB. who worry about the big size of social circles created by online networkingC. who are afraid of the lack of privacy on social networking websitesD. who disbelieve the power of densely connected social networks43、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Social networks are more scattered today than before the Industrial Revolution.B. Social networks are smaller today because people spend more time online.C. Social networks become denser today due to the extensive use of the Internet.D. Social networks bear stronger emotional bonds today than centuries ago.44、According to the author, one bad thing about a dense social network is that ____________.A. one’s business is hard to developB. one’s privacy can be easily invadedC. one has few chances to meet new friendsD. one has to cut ties with friends in distant places45、What is the author’s overall attitude toward dense social networks?A. Indifferent.B. Unclear.C. Negative.D. Positive.The term “off the grid” refers to living in a self-sufficient manner without reliance on one or more public utilities. On 13 April 2006, USA Today reported that there were some 180,000 families living off-grid in America, a figure that has jumped 33 percent a year for a decade. Because many third-world citizens have never had the chance to go on the grid, current estimates are that 1.7 billion people live off-grid worldwide.Off-the-grid homes do not rely on municipal water supply, natural gas, electrical power grid or similar utility services. A true “off the grid” house is able to operate independently of all traditional public services. Electrical power can be generated on-site with renewable sources such as solar, wind or geothermal (地热的) energy; with a generator and adequate fuel reserves; or simply done without. Such electricity system is called a stand-alone power system. On-site water sources can include a well, stream, or lake. Depending on the water source, this may include pumps and / or filtration. Rainwater can also be harvested.In his book How to Live Off-grid, Nick Rosen lists seven reasons for going off-grid. The top two are saving money, and reducing the carbon footprint. Another is survivalism, which means preparing for emergencies such as disruptions in social or political order. Others include preparing for the collapse of the oil economy and bringing life back to the countryside.Going off-grid can be done to lower the environmental impact of living, as the typically limited amount of on-site renewable energy available is an incentive to reduce its use. But if energy usage is not reduced, going off-grid actually has a larger environmental impact against using the grid, due to the lower efficiencies of the components. It is often done to residential buildings only occasionally occupied, such as vacation cabins, to avoid high initial costs of traditional utility connections. Other persons choose to live in houses where the cost of outside utilities is prohibitive, or of such a distance away as to be impractical.46、What does the passage say about people living in third-world countries?A. About 1.7 billion of them are currently living off-grid.B. Many of them have no access to modern public utilities.C. Their homes are getting more dependent on public utilities.D. The number of them living off-grid is increasing by 33 percent a year.47、A house that is truly off the grid is able to operate ____________.A. without using any on-site renewable energyB. without using any water filtration equipmentC. without relying on traditional public utilitiesD. without relying on independent power supply48、Which of the following is NOT a reason for going off-grid given by Nick Rosen?A. Expanding public services.B. Reviving the countryside.C. Reducing carbon emission.D. Preparing for political instability.49、According to the passage, what may be a negative effect of living off-grid?A. It may discourage people from paying for traditional utility connections.B. It may limit the amount of on-site renewable energy available for the house.C. It may increase the cost of residential buildings only occasionally occupied.D. It may do harm to the environment due to lower efficiencies of energy usage.50、What is the author’s attitude toward “off the grid” life?A. Positive.B. Neutral.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.This is what I have noticed in sports club: In every class at my club, every single attendee is female. They are old, they are young; some are fit, and some are not. But, save for one of the instructors, they are all women. Conversely, just about every man in the club (including me) works out by himself, usually on the machines or free weights.This is not something accidental. As it relates to the sexes, there must be some insights into human behavior. But what? Could it be that women feel more comfortable in groups than men? If so, why? And in what way do men feel more comfortable? Why do we prefer exercising alone?Digging deeper, I wonder if these distinctive behaviors are markers for both genders. Men have always identified with the lone wolf. Look at the heroes in the movies. We have the Marlboro Man, even the Terminator. Men find something timeless and appealing to the lonely heroes, always. Clint Eastwood and Rambo acted alone. The darker the persona (角色) the more men relate. They become heroes when they save others and solve serious problems – all by themselves. Necessarily, then, this would have women identifying with groups, like The Real Housewives of …However, men also play on teams. We can relate to a band of brothers and fight on battlefields together. So, why is it that women almost universally work out in groups and men don’t?I believe it has more to do with each gender’s willingness to ask for help. In other words, the same psychology that makes so many men reluctant to ask for directions is also what keeps them out of those gym classes. Ironically, it is a defect of character, but the role of problem solver is too deep-rooted in their masculinity for them to behave otherwise. Subconsciously considering themselves capable of solving problems individually, men would regard it feminine to ask for help from others, especially at the gym, where their physical manhood is on display. In general, women don’t have this problem. They take comfort in unity or are at least motivated by that unity.51、The author notices in the sports club that ___________.A. women like to go to the sports club, no matter how old they areB. in sports classes men are instructors while women are attendeesC. women like sports classes, while men prefer working aloneD. both sexes like working in groups though with different activities52、The author mentions some roles in movies for the purpose of ___________.A. proving that men identify with darker personaB. arguing that men dislike working out aloneC. illustrating famous actors’ performance skillsD. showing that men admire independent heroes53、What does the word “universally” (Para. 4) probably mean in the passage?A. Necessarily.B. Everywhere.C. Consciously.D. Never.54、According to the author, why are men reluctant to work in groups in sports club?A. Because they want to show their physical manhood.B. Because they like to seek for unity and help elsewhere.C. Because they prefer dealing with various machines.D. Because they are reluctant to communicate with others.55、What is the author’s main point in the passage?A. Working in a team is always a good chance to show physical strength.B. Women are considered the weaker gender as they always need others’ help.C. Men like to work alone because independence facilitates problem solving.D. The pursuit of masculinity accounts for some distinctive behaviors of men.The road signs have been changed – no longer “Men at Work” but “People Working.” Forty-four percent of all employed Americans are women, and the percentage continues to rise. Are the gains being made by women in the workplace coming at the expense of men?The answer is clear. Unless total employment in the nation expands more rapidly than it has, men are going to continue to lose out in the job race to women. But the process by which the change is taking place is complex, and the explanation goes beyond the political and legal pressures that are part of “women’s pursuit for equal rights.”There have been changes in the character of work that have motivated hiring of women. In the insurance industry, for example, the positions of adjusters (理算师) and examiners were once largely held by men, who went out and inspected cases reported. Today, the work consists mainly of sitting at a computer terminal, entering insurance claims. Women now hold 65 percent of these jobs, up from 27 percent in 1970. That happened in the meat-packing industry, too, where automatic machines for moving sides of beef have eased the need for so much lifting. Since 1970, the proportion of packing house butchers who are women has increased by more than one-third.The proportion of women among graduate students has also been increasing dramatically, providing stiff competition for young men who, a generation earlier, might have been all but certain of executive or professional careers.Of course, discrimination against women continues. Yet the trend toward the displacement of male workers goes on. According to the United States Labor Department, two-thirds of the growth in the labor force between now and 2015 will be accounted for by women.In a nation that prides itself on a commitment to equality of opportunity, women’s progress in the workplace can only be seen as inevitable and fair. That should not, however, blind us to the major impact this change will have, not only in terms of jobs but in terms of the society as a whole, unsettling the balance of relationships in the family and raising new problems concerning male self-esteem.56、It is suggested in the passage that ___________.A. the total employment in the US is expanding more rapidly than it hasB. men may lose their advantages in the US job market in the futureC. women are becoming more conscious of their rights in the workplaceD. political pressures may force women to lose many job opportunities57、What does the example of the meat-packing industry show?A. Insurance claims have been mainly processed on the computer since the 1970s.B. Women have great talent for using automatic machines to handle heavy lifting.C. Changes in the nature of work have triggered companies to employ more women.D. American meat-packing industry prefers to hire men to do the job of meat cutting.58、What may happen as a result of the increasing proportion of female graduate students?A. Growth in the US labor force may turn slower than in previous years.B. Discrimination against women in the workplace may be hard to change.C. Competition for employment between women may become more intense.D. The number of women taking up executive or professional jobs may increase.59、Which of the following does the author most likely agree?A. People should applaud the trend toward higher proportions of female workers.B. Equality of opportunity is impossible to realize without men’s commitment.C. The public is blind to the impacts of the changes in the American labor force.D. Displacement of male workers can be prevented if more work is done on computer.60、What is the author probably going to discuss next?A. Importance of balanced relationships in the family.B. Negative effects of women’s progress in employment.C. Legal measures to ensure equality of opportunity.D. Good ways to maintain male self-esteem in the workplace.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第一单元Now that her grateful mother-in-law is back at home ,with no signs of infection from the switchblade surgery , Colleen says ,”We are so thankful that in this age of lawsuits , Dr.Boll was willing to put himself on the line . He just stepped up and did what had to be done.”1. She almost (choked) to death in the thick fumes.2. The woman hurried to the bank, only to find that she had left her bankbook at home. She became (frantic).3. The situation for the flood victims was quite dangerous. (Drastic) action had to be taken at once.4. Fortunately, the drowned boy was (resuscitated) by first aid.5. The old lady tripped over a stairway and became (unconscious). She was rushed to hospital.6. Many people can have their vision restored by undergoing a (surgical) operation.7. Because of government (intervention) in the mortgage market, interest rates remain near their lowest levels in decades.8. Last night two burglars (broke into) my office and stole one of the computers.9. They have (taken over) our firm by buying up our shares.10. Will there be any difference between the mental and the (manual) labor in the future?1. Luck does not always (come into play) (起作用) in examinations. It is your hard work that matters.2. With the treatment, (the color returned) (面色恢复) to the woman's cheeks.3. He got a nice dictionary (out of nowhere) (不知从哪里). It was really a great help.4. My car (wouldn't start) (怎么也发动不起来) this morning.5. The patient recovered from the surgery with (no signs of infection) (没有感染的迹象).第二单元The young man went away disappointed later that day. He never returned .Many a night Sylyia heard the echo of his whistle haunting the forest. She forgot even her sorrow at the sharp report of his gun and the sight of thrushes and sparrows dropping silent to the ground, their songs hushed and their pretty feathers stained and wet with blood.1. The splendid parade on the 60th National Day filled the Chinese people with great (admiration).2. The (unsuspecting) giraffe (长颈鹿) was so frightened by the attacking lion that it fell in the water and was drowned.3. No sooner had Zorro (whistled) than his black horse appeared and carried him away.4. Their dialects are (vastly) different and that's why they can hardly communicate.5. The officer punished two of his soldiers for (whispering) while he was speaking at the meeting.6. After the accident and a major operation on her wounded head, she could only (vaguely) remember her family members.7. Her (slender) figure seemed to prove her workouts had been fruitful.8. Tom Sawyer was too nervous to feel the rough wall (scratching) at his face when he was trying to get out of the cave in the dark.9. The local people claim to have seen manifestations of dead people in the (haunted) castle.10. The mother was trying to (hush) the crying baby to sleep.1. He picked up his bag and [hurried off along the platform] (急急忙忙地沿着站台走了).2. He was shaking with fright as if [he had seen a ghost] (就像见了鬼似的).3. If you had told me earlier, I [wouldn't have signed the contract] (不会签合同).4. The fireman gave a long sigh as he [caught another flash of red] (又看到一道红光).5. The businessman spoke so carefully in order not to [give his plan away] (泄露他的计划).第三单元I have been on this website for about a month, and I have found one guy in particular I am communicating with on a daily basis. We started out as friends, both of us taking it slow, and actually I wrote to him first, which is a good thing, because he said he doesn`t message girls first. Everyday I am excited to talk to him via an instant messenger program on the computer, and we talk for about two hours a night. We can talk about anything .He is respectful; and understanding and lots of fun,1. If this offer is (genuine), I will gladly accept it.2. To (eliminate) the error message, we must first reduce the possibility of users making errors.3. It is my (intention) to remain in my position until a successor is elected.4. Omissions in my recent article must have caused (confusion).5. Perhaps you shouldn't (brush) the idea (aside) too hastily.6. We have to (weed out) unqualified applicants.7. The trip was (initiated) by the manager of the community centre.8. He doesn't trust his partner. (For that matter), I can't blame him.9. We must not (rush into) anything without careful planning.10. Do something creative or take exercise, (preferably) in the fresh air1. [I didn't have to rush into finding the name of the place](我不必着急去找地名).I had all day.2. [I find it difficult to hold back my anger](我觉得很难抑制住我的愤怒) when he starts arguing in favor of racial segregation.3. It is much better to [get things out in the open right from the start](从最初便把事情公开).4. That sounds fantastic.[Where do I go to sign up for that tour?](我到哪里去报名参加那次旅游呢？)5. We were sitting on the bridge,[trying to click with a few girls](试图结识几位姑娘).第六单元The rider sat straight, a strong clutch upon the reins to hold his charger from too impetuous a plunge. From his bare head his long hair streamed upward. His hands were concealed in the cloud of the horse`s lifted mane. The horse looked as if it were galloping across the sky. It`s body was proud and noble.1. Though he is (alive) to the danger of the work, he has still applied for it.2. The manager was surprised when he came back and found his secretary sitting in his chair with her feet (resting upon) his big desk.3. Under the influence of alcohol it's hard to stay (wide awake) while driving.4. A small (squeeze) of the chemical, and the carrier would blow himself into pieces.5. The Japanese officer didn't open fire. Instead he (let go of) his handgun and pulled out his sword.6. They lay (at full length) on their backs on the beach after swimming in the sea for about an hour.7. Tom's adopted parents tried to (conceal) his birth information.8. Psychologists talked about the importance of body language, physical appearance and clothing but they were not so (keen) on what we actually talked about.9. He (got to) his feet, as if by standing he meant to begin correcting what could not be corrected.10. The police have been (spying) on the gang's movements for two months.1. [He rested his head on the pillow] (他头靠在枕上) to make himself more comfortable.2. [Aiming at the target] (瞄准了靶子), I pulled the trigger but missed it.3. There he was —in plain sight] (完全暴露了自己) as he moved out of the cave for water and food.4. In order to get more juice, he【gave the orange another squeeze] (又挤了一下橙子)。