全线每25米一个桩号的逐桩坐标
线路逐桩坐标法放样曲线..
RTK测量系统一般由以下三部分组成:GPS接收设备、 数据传输设备、软件系统。 1.GPS接收机 RTK测量系统中至少包含两台GPS接收机,其中一台 安置在基准站上,另一台或若干台分别安置在不同 的流动站上。
2.数据传输系统
数据传输设备是由调制解调器和无线电台组成。在 基准站上,利用调制解调器将有关数据进行编码和 调制,然后由无线电发射台发射出去。在流动站上 利用无线电接收台将其接收,并由解调器将数据解 调还原,送入流动站上的GPS接收机中进行数据处 理。
四、 GPS RTK技术在中线放样中的应用
1.根据现有的各种线形中桩坐标计算软件,计 算出公路中线上各桩点的坐标,然后将中桩 点坐标传输到GPS控制手簿中,建立以桩号 为标识符的公路放样文件,个别加桩点的坐 标以手工输入法输入电子手簿。另外现场调 用RTK系统中的实时放样功能,放样出中桩 点的点位。 2.利用RTK系统中自带的道路放样模块进行操 作。
五、应用GPS RTK技术进行线路定测的优点
(1)基准站GPS天线周围无高度超过15°的障碍物阻挡 卫星信号,周围无信号反射物。并要尽量避开交通要道、 过往行人的干扰。 (2)基准站要远离微波塔、通信塔等大型电磁发射源200 米外,要远离高压输电线路、通讯线路50米外。 (3)基准站应选在地势相对高的地方,以利于GPS电台 的作用距离。 (4)基准站连结必须正确,注意电池的正负极。RTK作 业期间,基准站不允许移动或关机又重新启动,若重启 动后必须重新校正。 (5)确认输入正确的控制点三维坐标。
X x
y
Y
三、YHi 点到HZi点之间的中桩点坐标计算
此段为第二缓和曲线段,先算出其参数方程,再进行坐标旋转 平移,其旋转平移公式如下。
X
当曲线为由转角时 ,应以yi=- yi代入
逐桩坐标算例
N(X) 500.000 496.596 493.192 489.788 486.384 484.966 484.695 483.654 483.514 483.611 484.566 485.399 488.319 492.191 496.063 499.935 503.807 504.195 507.680 511.552 515.424
0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.000 0.000 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325
17.472 17.472 17.472 17.472 17.472 17.472 0.000 0.000 12.490 12.490 12.490 12.490
217
.37 m
y
JD1
m 起点A:K0+000 6.83 10
曲线测设算例
△X -18.183 42.084 -25.772
△Y -105.271 -213.257 -77.677
方位角Ai,i+1(rad) 4.541350948 4.907224929 4.392033308
右转角α
(rad)
终点
404.475
JD 2 ,
y 209 31 06 , R 80 m , l s 25 m
N
JD 1 ,
81.84m
终点B
z
JD2
y 159 02 12 , R 100 m , l s 0
A
A1 260 .20 X A 500 .000 m ; Y A 1000 .000 m
L 01 02 R 180; ZY JD T ;YZ ZY L D QZ YZ L / ; JD QZ ; L y 201 02 R 180 D T T; L ZH JD 1 T2HY ; ZH l s ;
路基验收
路基验收技术交底路基作为道路的重要组成部分,其质量对道路使用功能及整体稳定性有着重要的影响,为使路基质量能够得到保证,必须高度重视路基整体质量的验收工作,对各项指标进行严格的检测。
一﹑路基验收的检测项目1﹑检测项目路基交验一共分为七个检测项目,其中测量队占四个检测项目,分别为:中线平面偏位﹑宽度﹑纵断面高程﹑横坡。
试验室占三个检测项目,分别为:压实度﹑弯沉以及平整度。
2﹑术语路基宽度:为行车道与路肩宽度之和,以m为单位;路基横坡:路槽中心线与路槽边缘两点高程之差与水平距离的比值,以百分率表示;压实度:筑路材料压实后的干密度与标准最大干密度之比,以百分率表示;弯沉:在荷载作用下,路基或路面表面产生的总垂直变形值(总弯沉)或垂直回弹变形值(回弹弯沉),以0.01mm为单位表示;中线平面偏位:路面实际中心线偏离设计中心线的距离,以mm计;纵断面高程:沿路面的纵向剖开每一个点的高程;平整度:路面表面相对于理想平面的竖向偏差。
二﹑路基交验检测项目的技术指标(一)资料准备施工单位准备好水准点一览表、导线点一览表、逐桩坐标表、路床顶面高程计算表(纵向按25米间距,并加设ZH、HY、QZ、YH、HZ点,横向按高程检测布设点进行计算)等资料,并准备足够的空白检测表格,供路床交工验收时使用。
(二)现场准备路基施工单位须对交工路段全面恢复路线中桩、边桩,包括整公里和百米桩,中桩埋设必须牢固,确保在交工前不会被破坏。
供交验时使用的中桩间距25m,ZH、HY、QZ、YH 和HZ点各加设一桩,横断面按设计车道线布设高程测点,(整体式路基同一断面左右幅各至少四点,分别按距中桩1m、5.5m、9.25m、12.25m布设)。
分离式路基同一断面左右幅各至少四点,分别按测设线、距测设线布设。
路基施工单位须提前放线,用石灰线明确标识上述线位和点位。
(三)仪器及试验设备准备1、水准测量(自动安平水准仪)仪具:路基和路面施工单位各1套,路面施工单位可共用路基施工单位的水准测量尺。
大坝桩号和坝轴距的表示方法
大坝桩号和坝轴距的表示方法
大坝桩号是指在大坝工程中,用于标识不同桩点的一种编号方法。
桩点是指大坝上每个特定位置的具体坐标点或横截面。
桩号通常是连续的,从坝顶开始一直到坝底。
桩号的表示方法可以根据具体的工程需求和约定而有所不同,常见的表示方法有以下几种:
1. 绝对桩号法:将坝顶作为起点,往下逐桩递增。
例如,坝顶的绝对桩号为0,坝底的绝对桩号为整个大坝的总桩数。
2. 相对桩号法:将某个参考点(如坝顶)作为起点,往下逐桩递增。
例如,坝顶的相对桩号为0,坝底的相对桩号为总桩数。
3. 分段桩号法:将大坝分为若干段,每段都从起始点开始计数。
在每段的起始点,桩号可以重新从0开始递增。
这样可以更清晰地表示不同段落上的桩点。
坝轴距是指大坝上特定位置的横向距离。
坝轴是指大坝的中心线或对称轴线,通常与大坝的长轴方向平行。
坝轴距的表示方法一般使用一个具体的数值表示,单位可以是米或其他适当的单位。
坝轴距通常用于标识横向坐标或测量大坝各个部位之间的距离。
用Excel程序快速计算公路工程逐桩坐标
用Excel程序快速计算公路工程逐桩坐标H现代公路IGHWAY用Excel程序快速计算公路工程逐桩坐标文/左卿引言在公路工程设计及施工过程中,逐桩坐标的计算是一项必不可少的工作,尤其近些年随着全站仪的普及使用,坐标放样法因速度快、精度高而被广泛应用,逐桩坐标计算的工程量也因此而大大增加。
例如:某高速公路某一合同段有20公里的路基,按照常规的设计及施工方法,不考虑曲线加桩,按每20m一个断面,每个断面左右幅2个点,那么需要计算1000个点2000个坐标。
如此大的计算量假如采用传统的计算器计算,不仅费时,还难免出错。
笔者从事多年施工工作,针对这一情况,利用Microsoft Office中的Excel电子表格的编程计算功能,设计了一套包括直线、缓和曲线和圆曲线的坐标计算程序,该计算程序具有快速、精确、程序简单、使用方便等优点,较其他编程软件编制的计算程序更灵活、更适用。
坐标计算直线段逐桩坐标首先介绍函数Value(MIDB(“ZH”,2,n)MIDB(“ZH”,n+3,7)),n表示公里数的位数,当里程公里数为1位数,那么n=1,当公里数为2位数,n=2,当里程公里数为3位数时,n=3……。
如ZH=K136+700,运行该函数,n=3,结果=136700,其目的为将K136+700文本数据(字符串)去掉“K”和“+”,并转换成数字格式。
那么里程≤ZH的前直线上任意桩号坐标计算:在Excel某一单元格中,坐标计算编辑公式为:X= Xj+(T+Value(MIDB (“ZH”,2,n)MIDB(“ZH”,n+3,7))-Value(MIDB(“K”,2,n)MIDB(“K”,n+3,7)))*cos((A1+180)*PI()/180)Y= Yj+(T+Value(MIDB(“ZH”,2,n)MIDB(“ZH”, n+3,7))-Value(MIDB(“K”,2,程序设计程序设计初步打开Microsoft Office Excel2022,新建工作表book1,并将其命名为“公路工程逐桩坐标计算表”。
2-12逐桩坐标表
N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)K0+00021897.93995342.988K0+50022097.49394984.238K1+00022518.84494724.842K1+50022892.82194438.775K0+02021889.90495324.674K0+52022114.24394973.310K1+02022538.35894720.461K1+52022900.21694420.192K0+04021882.82995305.973K0+54022131.02594962.431K1+04022557.87294716.079K1+54022907.67094401.633K0+06021877.54895286.691K0+56022148.04194951.923K1+06022577.38694711.698K1+56022915.50894383.234K0+08021874.01395267.011K0+58022165.47094942.115K1+08022596.90094707.317K1+58022923.77794365.023K0+10021871.29495247.196K0+60022183.26294932.982K1+10022616.41594702.935K1+60022932.47294347.013K0+12021868.64695227.373K0+62022201.20694924.150K1+12022635.92994698.554K1+62022941.58194329.208K0+14021865.99795207.549K0+64022219.03694915.092K1+14022655.38694693.928K1+64022950.83094311.475K0+16021863.34995187.725K0+66022236.39994905.173K1+16022674.51694688.118K1+66022960.07894293.742K0+18021860.70995167.900K0+68022253.06994894.128K1+18022692.93394680.345K1+68022969.32794276.009K0+20021859.22795147.971K0+70022268.99694882.037K1+20022710.37494670.578K1+70022978.57594258.276K0+22021862.33195128.297K0+72022284.44794869.338K1+22022726.62494658.938K1+72022987.87694240.570K0+24021871.61995110.688K0+74022299.81394856.536K1+24022741.60194645.692K1+74022997.59094223.089K0+26021886.12995097.050K0+76022315.17994843.734K1+26022755.80494631.611K1+76023008.07194206.057K0+28021903.59395087.346K0+78022330.54494830.932K1+28022769.86594617.389K1+78023019.25594189.478K0+30021921.73395078.924K0+80022345.91094818.130K1+30022783.92794603.167K1+80023030.73894173.103K0+32021939.88395070.523K0+82022361.27694805.327K1+32022797.98994588.945K1+82023042.05994156.616K0+34021958.03395062.122K0+84022376.64294792.525K1+34022812.05094574.722K1+84023052.74794139.714K0+36021976.18295053.720K0+86022392.04394779.766K1+36022826.03694560.426K1+86023062.57694122.298K0+38021994.31495045.279K0+88022407.84494767.510K1+38022839.39194545.543K1+88023071.74994104.526K0+40022012.21395036.359K0+90022424.52494756.487K1+40022851.38794529.551K1+90023080.78094086.681K0+42022029.80695026.848K0+92022442.20994747.166K1+42022861.72894512.441K1+92023090.00194068.934K0+44022047.07295016.755K0+94022460.73794739.656K1+44022870.40294494.427K1+94023099.42394051.292K0+46022063.99295006.093K0+96022479.88494733.898K1+46022878.03194475.940K1+96023109.04694033.759K0+48022080.74294995.166K0+98022499.33094729.226K1+48022885.42694457.357K1+98023118.86794016.337工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 1 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号坐 标工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 2 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号坐 标工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 4 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号坐 标工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 6 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号第 7 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号坐 标工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 8 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号坐 标工程名称:万源市长石乡至川渝界公路改建工程坐 标桩 号第 10 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号N (X)E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E (Y)N (X) E 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标桩 号第 11 页 共 20 页桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标桩 号坐 标。
线路逐桩坐标计算原理讲解
线路逐桩坐标计算原理高等级公路、铁路的测设通常要用全站仪应用极坐标法测设中线,利用极坐标法测设中线就必须知道线路中线的点位坐标。
下面就有关计算原理进行说明。
直线段逐桩坐标计算原理直线是线路中最基本的线形。
直线以最短的距离连接两目的地,具有线路短捷,汽车行车方向明确,驾驶操作简单,视距良好等特点,同时直线线形简单也容易计算。
其计算方法和导线类似,知道一个已知点坐标,直线的方位角和距离(即历程差)就能计算未知点里程桩坐标。
如图2-1,例如已知直线A 点坐标和直线方位角AB α以及直线AB 之间的距离AB d 推算B 点坐标:图2-1直线线路⎭⎬⎫+=+=AB AB A B AB AB A B d Y Y d X X ααsin cos (2-1)圆曲线逐桩坐标计算原理铁路与公路线路的平面通常由直线和曲线构成,这是因为在线路的定线中,由于受地形、地物或其他因素限制,需要改变方向。
在改变方向处,相邻两直线间要求用曲线连结起来,以保证行车顺畅安全。
这种曲线称平面曲线。
由于受地形等条件限制,路线总是不断从一个方向转到另一个方向。
这时为了工程能 安全运营,必须用曲线来连接。
其中,圆曲线是最基本线路曲线之一,它是有一定曲率的圆弧。
下面介绍圆曲线的理论计算。
如图2-2所示,直线与圆曲线的连接点称为直圆点(ZY );圆曲线的中点称为曲线中点(QZ );圆曲线与直线的连接点称为圆直点(YZ )。
圆曲线要素有线路转向角α,圆曲线半径R ,圆曲线长L ,外矢距E 及切曲差q 。
其中转向角α(单位:度、分、秒)和半径R 是已知数据,其余要素如切线长T ,曲线长L, 外矢距E, 切曲差q 可以按下列关系式计算得出:图2-2圆曲线⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫-=-⨯=⨯=⨯=LT q R E R L R T 2)12(sec1802tanαπαα (2-2) 1)曲线要素计算由交点里程、切线长T 和曲线长L 计算曲线主点里程:ZY 里程 = JD 里程 - 切线长TQZ 里程 = ZH 里程 + L/2YZ 里程 = ZY 里程 + 曲线长L2) ZY 点与YZ 点坐标计算由已知条件和计算出的曲线要素L T 、用极坐标法求出ZY 和YZ 点坐标。
高速公路施工图设计外业定测要求
高速公路施工图设计外业定测要求施工图设计外业定测工作内容:对主线、互通、服务区、收费站中桩放样、中桩高程测量、横断面测量、桥纵断、斜交断面、档墙断面、老路测量等。
(一)、仪器精度:外业使用的测绘仪器应有测绘质检机构颁发的仪器检验证书,并提供相关的仪器检验证书的复印件。
(二)中桩测量1、工作内容1.1 路线放样的中桩间距平原地区不大于25米,山区不大于20米,同时应设置为百米桩和公里桩,在路线交叉、涵洞位置、省地(市)县级行政区划分界处、地形突变处应另行加桩。
1.2在路线标段起、终点、特大桥、大桥的两头,隧道进出口、路线公里桩、曲线要素桩、互通交叉点、通道交叉点等应埋设一般控制桩。
特大桥处应设桥甲、乙、丙、丁等四个一般控制桩。
一般控制桩应为杉木方桩,木桩中心应打钉子,四周用砼埋设。
1.3 隧道进出口及桥台处应按每隔5米进行加桩。
旱桥的中桩应与路线的中桩连续贯通。
2、测量精度2.1 中桩纵向误差<±5cm。
(山岭重丘区纵向误差<±10cm)2.2中桩横向误差<±5cm。
(山岭重丘区纵向误差<±10cm)3.测量方法3.1 中桩测量应利用原一级导线点,采用全站仪或GPS双频动态定位仪进行中桩定位放样。
3.2 采用全站仪进行中桩放样,应首先在中桩记录本上记录观测站以及后视站的编号、坐标、高程,并记录实测两导线点间距离、高差,以确认引用点的可靠性。
3.3采用GPS双频动态定位仪进行中桩定位放样,应在中桩记录本上记录基准站和检测导线点的编号、坐标、高程,以确认引用导线点的可靠性。
3.4 每变动一个测站,均要求对前一个测站最后观测的1—2个中桩进行重新定测,校核定测精度,并且记录:偏离的方位角、边长的误差、高程的误差。
若采用GPS动态定位时应记录实测的坐标和高程。
3.4 对标段起终点应采用三脚架进行精确放样,其精度应达到二级导线点要求。
对已埋设的标段起终点桩号应记录实测的坐标和高程(当其标段定位在前时)。
通过逐桩坐标计算曲线要素
通过逐桩坐标表推算曲线要素(CAD篇)摘要:现在从事工程行业的都流行使用AutoCAD进行绘制图形,为了更好的利用这个绘图工具来绘制线路曲线要素,本文将讲解如何通过设计院提供的逐桩坐标表推算未知曲线要素。
关键词:AutoCAD 技巧曲线要素说明:AutoCAD已经成为国际上广为流行的绘图工具。
具有良好的用户界面,通过交互菜单或命令行方式便可以进行各种操作。
它的多文档设计环境,让非计算机专业人员也能很快地学会使用。
在不断实践的过程中更好地掌握它的各种应用和开发技巧,从而不断提高工作效率。
如何提高CAD速率?通常在开始绘图的时候一些人由于对工具命令不熟悉直接使用工具栏等查找命令,这样对制图的效率会大打折扣从而导致绘图的速率缓慢,提高制图的方法需要掌握CAD的快捷命令,孰能生巧的记住,然后择优选用其中的一些常用的绘图命令,把繁琐的长命令转化为简单的命令使用,其次需要多练习绘图的方式与方法才会提高绘图水平。
推算原理:通过逐桩坐标表(含曲线五大桩)然后利用Excel生成展点命令在AutoCAD中进行坐标展点,再通过工具或命令绘制进行查询曲线长、切线长、外失距、交点坐标、交点里程、曲线半径、方位角、转角等。
准备工作:1、逐桩坐标表X、Y(含曲线五大桩)2、AutoCAD绘图软件演示版本为:AutoCAD 2007示例文件:某高速铁路逐桩坐标表演示范围:DK07+586.707~DK12+126.03(由于该交点属于大转角则演示明显)操作流程:坐标展点→绘制半径→绘制切线长→查询方位角→查询转角→查询交点坐标→查询交点里程→查询外失距→绘制缓和曲线。
(请注意逐桩坐标表中所提供的ZH、HY、QZ、YH、HZ等说明)准备操作如下:1、打开“逐桩坐标表”并复制(里程桩号、坐标X、坐标Y)数据到“曲线坐标计算程序VBA 4.6”的“交点法正算”表格中,效果图如下:逐桩坐标表见(本文附件)下载地址附后!2、在“曲线坐标计算程序VBA 4.6”的“交点法正算”表中“点击生成展点”然后点击“复制数据”按钮,再打开AutoCAD在命令行中输入pline按回车键,并在命令行上点击鼠标右键选择“粘贴”,图示如下:3、展点完毕后删除起始点那根长线段(该线段属于展点命令的起始端位置,该线段无用可以直接删除),然后在命令行中输入zoom按回车键再选择E按回车键,图示如下:绘图操作准备:1、基本设置:点击AutoCAD顶部工具栏中的“格式”→“标注样式”(或输入命令d)→“修改”→主单位精度选择“0.000”→角度标注:单位格式选择“度/分/秒”,精度选择“0d’00.00””→确定→设为当前。
建筑工程总定位放样的主要方法
建筑工程施工测量贯穿于整个建筑施工的全过程,放样精度对建筑工程质量和施工进度都起着十分重要的作用,测量放样的成果,必须做到准确无误。
因为各施工部门都要依据所测量的点线去施工,放线一旦有误,必将使开挖、打桩、立模、钢筋绑扎以及混凝土等作业处于不正确的设计位置,造成施工错误,给甲乙双方带来重大经济损失。
本文分析了在建筑工程定位放样过程中如何减少测量的误差。
一、建筑工程总定位放样的主要方法(一)直线段定位放线直线段定位放线在公路线型中应该说是最简单、最好放的。
在地形平坦地段用经纬仪定向,钢尺量距。
起伏较大地段在直缓点或缓直点设站定向,用测距仪量距完成。
这里要讨论的是直接在导线控制点设站,以相邻导线点为定向方向,采用极坐标法放出中线的方法。
图1(a)中我们在A点设站,以B点为后视点定向,以β为指向角定出AP方向,并量测出AP段的距离,就确定了P点位置。
β角、DAP公式如下:DAP=[(XP-XA)2+(YP-YA)2]1/2αAB=tg-1(YB-YA)/(XB-XA)αAP=tg-1(YP-YA)/(XP-XA)β=αAP-αAB图1直线段定位放线(二)曲线定位放样圆曲线与其它线型主要连接形式有:直线与圆曲线、回旋曲线与圆曲线、圆曲线和圆曲线。
一般设计院提供逐桩坐标包括:ZY、YZ、GQ、QZ和20m整桩号坐标,一般情况下可以满足中线控制要求,有些情况下为了更好地控制填、挖方路基或构筑物,施工时需要加密中线坐标。
因此,在放线中应用圆曲线公式计算坐标。
切线支距公式:XP=L-L3/6R2+L5/120R4YP=L2/2R-L4/24R3+L6/720R3图2曲线定位放样二、在放样工作中必须附有校核条件施工放样的成果通常是即刻(或数小时后)交付使用,往往不能等待再去检查成果的正确性。
这就要求放样作业人员在作业中处处要有自我校核条件,以便及时发现错误,及时纠正。
现把校核条件归纳如下:(一)主要轴线点的放样应用单三角形法(有三角和的检查)、三点前方交会法(两组坐标校核)、三边测距交会法等,严禁用二点测角交会法测定轴线点位。
卡西欧 公路计算公式
公路计算公式0前言:传统公路测量中,使用的仪器设备和方法都很落后,需带着数学用表、曲线用表、计算盘、计算尺和算盘等一类的工具,完成外业测量工作。
计算器的出现,改变了这一局面。
高速公路建设中,长大曲线比比皆是,传统中对公路中线的测设方法,被极坐标法彻底的否定与取代,但大量的计算工作,只能带着提前计算好的线路逐桩坐标、高程资料,进行外业测量工作,机动性很差,现场查找也不方便。
这些问题都能在CASIO系列可编程计算器上得到很好的解决,对CASIO系列可编程计算器如何使用,直接影响到测量成果的质量和工作效率,本文将对CASIO系列可编程计算器快捷的计算方法进行分析与介绍。
1:以知线外任意点坐标,求对应线路里程在缓和曲线上,要计算任意里程的法线方向及任意宽度的边线坐标,非常简单。
但要计算任意一个已知坐标点,是对应哪一个里程法线方向上的点,就有一些困难。
很难推导一个这样的计算公式。
唯一的方法“渐进”,如果手工计算这可不是一个好方法。
但在有CASIO系列可编程计算器,如:FX-4500的情况下就变的非常简单了。
亦可用于直线和圆曲线的计算。
首先在缓和曲线上任选一点A为起始点,计算该点的坐标和切线方位角,通过坐标反算求起始点A与计算点B的方位角和距离,B点肯定对应A点切线方向上有一个垂足C点,把三点看成一个直角三角形,通过解直角三角形计算AC的距离,当该距离大于某一数值,如0。
001m,A点里程加AC的距离等于C点的里程,回到开始重新进入新一轮的计算,如果AC的距离小于某一规定值,则计算C点的里程与BC的距离即可。
求对应线路里程程序:主程序QLC (已知坐标求里程)Lb1 0:{LDE}:Prog XH:Goto 0子程序:XH (循环)L1 Lb1 1L2 Norm:Prog LYYD:L3 PO1(D-X,E-Y):W≤0=> W=W+360⊿L4 Z=W-I:A=V×cos Z:L=L+AL5 Abs A≥0.001=>Goto 1:≠=>B=V×sinZ:Fix 3:“FXJL=” ◢L6 L:Fix3:“DYLC=” ◢程序中字母代表D 任意点X坐标,E 任意点Y坐标,DYLC 对应里程,FXJL 中线法线距离。
线路逐桩坐标计算原理讲解
线路逐桩坐标计算原理高等级公路、铁路的测设通常要用全站仪应用极坐标法测设中线,利用极坐标法测设中线就必须知道线路中线的点位坐标。
下面就有关计算原理进行说明。
直线段逐桩坐标计算原理直线是线路中最基本的线形。
直线以最短的距离连接两目的地,具有线路短捷,汽车行车方向明确,驾驶操作简单,视距良好等特点,同时直线线形简单也容易计算。
其计算方法和导线类似,知道一个已知点坐标,直线的方位角和距离(即历程差)就能计算未知点里程桩坐标。
如图2-1,例如已知直线A 点坐标和直线方位角AB α以及直线AB 之间的距离AB d 推算B 点坐标:图2-1直线线路⎭⎬⎫+=+=AB AB A B AB AB A B d Y Y d X X ααsin cos (2-1)圆曲线逐桩坐标计算原理铁路与公路线路的平面通常由直线和曲线构成,这是因为在线路的定线中,由于受地形、地物或其他因素限制,需要改变方向。
在改变方向处,相邻两直线间要求用曲线连结起来,以保证行车顺畅安全。
这种曲线称平面曲线。
由于受地形等条件限制,路线总是不断从一个方向转到另一个方向。
这时为了工程能 安全运营,必须用曲线来连接。
其中,圆曲线是最基本线路曲线之一,它是有一定曲率的圆弧。
下面介绍圆曲线的理论计算。
如图2-2所示,直线与圆曲线的连接点称为直圆点(ZY );圆曲线的中点称为曲线中点(QZ );圆曲线与直线的连接点称为圆直点(YZ )。
圆曲线要素有线路转向角α,圆曲线半径R ,圆曲线长L ,外矢距E 及切曲差q 。
其中转向角α(单位:度、分、秒)和半径R 是已知数据,其余要素如切线长T ,曲线长L, 外矢距E, 切曲差q 可以按下列关系式计算得出:图2-2圆曲线⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫-=-⨯=⨯=⨯=LT q R E R L R T 2)12(sec1802tanαπαα (2-2) 1)曲线要素计算由交点里程、切线长T 和曲线长L 计算曲线主点里程:ZY 里程 = JD 里程 - 切线长TQZ 里程 = ZH 里程 + L/2YZ 里程 = ZY 里程 + 曲线长L2) ZY 点与YZ 点坐标计算由已知条件和计算出的曲线要素L T 、用极坐标法求出ZY 和YZ 点坐标。