Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼 英美文学
沃尔特惠特曼
1856年，第2版《草叶集》出版，共收诗32首。《一路摆过布鲁克林渡口》是诗人最优秀的作品之一。此外， 《阔斧之歌》、《大路之歌》也是名篇。
1859年，《星期六周刊》的圣诞专号上刊出了惠特曼的一首优秀抒情诗《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》， 这是一首爱情和死亡的颂歌。次年应波士顿一出版家之请，印行了《草叶集》第3版，这本诗集算是第一次“正式 出版”。集中有124首新诗，包括《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》和3组分别名为《民主之歌》、《亚当的子 孙》、《芦......
沃尔特·惠特曼
著名诗人人文主义者
目录
01 人物经历
03 作品பைடு நூலகம்版情况
02 人物生平
基本信息
沃尔特·惠特曼（英语：Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日－1892年3月26日），出生于纽约州长岛，美国著 名诗人、人文主义者，创造了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。
人物经历
人物经历
28岁 1841年搬到纽约。 1855年父亲去世，后并出版《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）第一版。 1862年，探望在腓烈德利斯堡战役中受伤的兄弟。1865年，林肯被暗杀，惠特曼的战时诗集 Drum-Taps （后来放到《草叶集》中）出版。1871年母亲路易莎去世。 1882年，会见奥斯卡·王尔德，出版 Specimen Days and Collect。1885年 为纪念林肯逝世20周年，作诗 《献给那个被钉在十字架上的人》，后收入《草叶集》。 1888年，第二次打击。严重的疾病。 1891年，草叶集最后一版。 1892年3月26日，惠特曼去世。 他在九个兄弟姐妹中排行第二。1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。惠特曼只上了6年学，然后开 始做印刷厂学徒。惠特曼基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读荷马、但丁和莎士......
美国作家简介
5．沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman 1819-1892)惠特曼是19世纪美国杰出的民主主义诗人，被公认为是美国的“诗歌之父”。
1819年，惠特曼生于现今长岛。
1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。
惠特曼只上了6年学，基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读霍默、但丁和莎士比亚的作品。
在做了两年学徒以后，惠特曼搬到纽约市。
1835年，他返回长岛，在一所乡村学校执教。
1838年至1839年期间，他办了一份叫做《长岛人》的报纸。
他一直教书直到1841年，之后他回到纽约并当了一名记者。
他也在一些主流杂志上担任自由撰稿人，或发表政治演讲。
19世纪40年代是惠特曼长期工作的第一个收获期：1841年他出版了一些短篇故事，一年后他在纽约出版了小说《富兰克林·埃文斯》（Franklin Evans）。
第一版的《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）出版于1855年，由12篇长篇无标题的诗组成。
一年后，在《草叶集》的第二版，连同爱默生的祝贺信一同被出版。
第二版有20组诗。
惠特曼于1892年3月26日逝世，他被安葬在哈利公墓（Harleigh），在他自己设计的墓碑下面。
许多现代诗人，不论是苏联的马雅可夫斯基，还是智利的聂鲁达，或者是西班牙的洛尔伽，还是中国的郭沫若，都在一定程度上受过惠特曼（1819-1892）的影响。
《草叶集》简介《草叶集》是惠特曼的诗歌总集。
他所以给自己诗集取名为《草名集》，其寓意是在于“草叶”随处生长，最富有生命力。
它象征着普通人，也象征着发展中的美国。
同时，“草叶”也象征惠特曼自己关于民主、自由的理会想和希望。
《草叶集》具有沈郁郁的理想色彩。
由于惠特曼对于处在上升时期的美国寄托着光明的希望。
因此，他认为未来的美国，是“民主的大地”、“友爱的城池”，没有奴隶制，而总统、市长“只是有报酬的雇佣人”。
由于对民主、自由的向往，他与1848年欧洲人民的革命斗争相呼应，激烈地反对惨无人道的蓄奴制度，歌颂为实现进步的理想而斗争的人们。
美国文学Walt Whitman
• In the poem, I or myself, in its most limited sense, is Whitman himself; but in its largest and most frequent sense, it is generic and representative of all men. The image of this poem is panoramic(全景的), flowing and expanding without end. • Through the creation of multiple images, Whitman expresses his innermost being, the spirit of the age and country and the unity of all human experiences. • The structure of this poem is also original, different from the traditional poetic pattern. The movement of this poem is circular rather than linear.
Walt Whitman沃尔特· 惠特曼 (1819-1892)
▲He was one of the great innovators and pioneers in American poetry. ▲ an American famous poet
life
• Growing up in a working-class background in Brooklyn, New York, Whitman had very little education. • In 1840s, to pick up some first-hand knowledge of life and people, he worked as a shopkeeper, an apprentice to a printer and an editor of various newspapers. • In 1848, he visited New Orleans, Chicago and the western frontier and saw much of the Mississippi heartlands. This experience furnished both material and the guiding spirit for his epic, Leaves of Grass, the first edition of which (15poem) was published in 1855.
Walt Whitman(1819-1892)
•ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
……
•
打开大门上的锁/从门柱上撬开大 门/……通过我而发出被禁制的呼声：/ 性的和肉欲的呼声……/我认为欢媾并不 比死更粗恶,/我赞赏食欲和色欲,/视觉、 听觉、感觉都是神奇的。
——《自己之歌》（《Song of Myself》）
•
诗人把自己描绘成 所有人中的一个。 • 这个人是超群的， 又是普通的；有优点， 也有毛病，甚至道德 并不完美。 • 就象一棵大树上一 片普通的叶子，一个 草原上的一株普通的 小草。
• Song of Myself 自我之歌（我 自己的歌） • I Sit and Look Out 我坐在这儿 眺望着 • I hear America Singing 我听见 美国在歌唱 • O Captain! My Captain! 船长！ 我的船长！ • Beat! Beat! Drums! 敲吧 战鼓！ • Democratic Vistas 民主的前景 • The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题
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Major Themes in His Poetry
• Equality of things and beings • Divinity of everything • Multiplicity of nature • Self-reliant spirit • Death, beauty of death • Expansion of America • Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of love and happiness
Free Verse: 自由诗
惠特曼英文简介
惠特曼英文简介沃尔特·惠特曼，美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造了诗歌的自由体，下面是店铺为你整理的惠特曼英文简介，希望对你有用!沃尔特·惠特曼简介Walt Whitman (Walt Whitman, May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was born in Long Island, New York, a famous American poet, humanist, who created the free body of poetry ), Its representative works are poems "grass leaves set".沃尔特·惠特曼生平简介BornPoet. May 31, 1819 was born in Long Island. The father was farming, and the poor moved to Brooklyn, working as a carpenter and building a house. He was interested in the imagination of the socialist thinker and the composer of the democratic thinker, Paine. Whitman studied in public schools, served as rural teachers; childhood also had a messenger, learned typography. Later in the newspaper work, has become editor. He likes to wander, meditate, and enjoy the beauty of nature; but he prefers the city and the streets, like opera, dance, speech, like reading Homer, Greek tragedy and Dante, Shakespeare's works. From February 1846 to January 1848, he was editor of the "Brooklyn Eagle". In 1848 went to New Orleans to edit the newspaper and soon returned to Brooklyn. After five or six years, he helped the old father to build a house, operating a small bookstore, a small printing factory, free to loose, free to wander; and teenager, enjoy and boatman, navigator, coachman, mechanic, fisherman , Handyman, etc. make friends.Grass set1855 "grass leaves set" the first version of the advent of atotal of 12 poems, and finally out of the 9th edition of a total of 383 poems. One of the longest one, that is later known as the "song of their own" that poem. A total of 1336 lines. The content of this poem almost includes the author's main thought of his life, is one of the most important poems of the author. The poem has repeatedly mentioned the grass leaves: grass leaves symbolize all ordinary, ordinary things and ordinary ordinary people. This epic poetry is universally cold, and only Emerson wrote a warm letter to the poet. Whitman received great encouragement from this letter."Grass set" is the most important work of Whitman poetry, named after the concentration of such a poem: "Where there is soil, where there is water, where the long grass." Poems in the poems like the United States The earth's grass, vibrant and exudes attractive aroma. They are world famous masterpiece, created a new era of American national poetry. The author has bold innovation in the form of poetry, created the "free body" of the poetic form, breaking the traditional poetry of the law, to break the sentence as the basis of rhythm, the rhythm of free and unrestrained, Wang Yang unrestrained, Shu volume freely, with blew of momentum and no Not the capacity of the package.1856, the second edition of "grass leaves set" published a total of 32 poems. "All the way through the Brooklyn ferry" is one of the poet's best works. In addition, "the song", "song of the road" is also famous.In 1859, "Saturday Weekly" published on the Christmas number of Whitman's excellent lyrics "from the never-ending swing in the cradle", this is a love and death of the carol. The next year should be a publication of Boston, please print the "grass leaves set" version 3, this poem is the first "official publication".There are 124 new poems, including "from the never-ending swing cradle" and three groups were named "song of democracy", "Adam's descendants", "reed" poetry.War eraDuring the Civil War, Whitman, as a firm democratic fighter, showed his deep humanitarian character. When the war intensified, he took the initiative to Washington to serve as a nurse, all day care and injury of the soldiers, resulting in serious damage to health. His life is very hard, by copying the date, the money saved in the sick and wounded. He served as a nurse for nearly two years, approaching about 100,000 soldiers, and many later kept in touch with him.Postwar lifeAfter the war, Whitman was appointed as a small staff member of the Indian Affairs Office of the Ministry of the Interior. Soon the minister found that he was the author of the "Grass Leaf Set" and dismissed him; he later served in the office of the Minister of Justice for eight years. As a result of the exercise in the civil war, increased experience, political thought has also been improved, his creation has entered a new stage. In 1865, Whitman in New York at their own expense printed his poems in the late civil war "桴 drum set", which received a total of 53 new poems. A few months later he published a sequel, including the memorial Lincoln's famous "recently lilac in the courtyard when the open."沃尔特·惠特曼作品出版情况In 1867 the "grass leaves set" fourth edition only eight new poems, but the income of the "drum set" and its sequel. It is worth noting that the long article published in 1871 "democratic vision", it summed up the author's literary and political ideas.The fifth edition of the "Grass Leaf Set" was printed once in 1871 and 1872.The first income of 13 new poems, the second income general critics recognized as the poet's last important long poem "Road to India" and a few new poems. In January 1873 Whitman was suffering from paralysis, writing ability from also depressed. But his optimism, love and sensitivity to life, his ideal of democracy, or so to death. His old age depressed unsuccessful, in addition to the preparation of several versions, and occasionally write some poetry. In 1876, the 6th edition of the "Grass Leaves" was published to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. This is a collection of essays, including the two volumes, the first volume of the fifth edition of the content, the second volume he named "two streams", including prose, 18 new poems, "leading to India Road "and poems, poems tend to abstract. The text of the seventh edition (1881-1882) of the "Grass Leaf Set", the title of each poem and the order of the arrangement, have been finalized, and this edition has received 20 new poems. Whitman continued to write poetry until his death in 1892.In 1882 the poet published his essay collection "Typical Days", which included the "democratic vision" article. Published in 1888, "November", the income of 62 new poems and some articles, concentrated poems later income "grass leaves set" 8th edition (1889), and become "poem". In 1891 Philadelphia's publisher published Whitman's new work "Goodbye, my fantasy", where the poem became "grass leaves" and "poem". "9" (1892), including "poem", "seventy years" and "attached poem two" "goodbye, my fantasy." Poet after the death of the poem "Elderly echo", as "with poetry". See 1897 to 1898 published collection,after the collection of the whole collection also income. After 1898 the universal collection, is the so-called "dying version", that is published in 1892 edition 9."Flying in freedom and strength" was incorporated into the second edition of the first semester of the seventh edition of the seventh edition.。
Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼 英美文学 ppt课件
• Edited a newspaper, the LongIslander, in Huntington
• Back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist
• Experienced various jobs
• Began writing a new kind of poetry
(freepptv课e件rse)
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Whitman's democratic ideals& individualism
America’s first “poet of democracy”
Whitman's democratic ideas govern his poetry-writing.
In his famous poetry, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him.
2. Individual value
3. Pursuit of love and happiness
4. Sexual love The individual person and his desires must be respected.
ppt课件
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Influence
America’s first “poet of democracy”
• At four, family moved to Brooklyn, New York
Walt-Whitman--沃尔特·惠特曼-英美文学PPT课件
• Edited a newspaper, the LongIslander, in Huntington
• Back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist
• Experienced various jobs
• Began writing a new kind of poetry
• filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch.
1. The whole hard-working people The burgeoning life of cities. The fast growth of industry and wealth in cities
2. Individual value
3. Pursuit of love and happiness
4. Sexual love
5. The individual person and his desires must be respected.
.
5
Influence
America’s first “poet of democracy”
.
Excerpt from Song of
沃尔特·惠特曼 Walt Whitman 美国文学史
• Equivalence of body and soul and the unabashed(不 加掩饰的) excitement of the body and sexuality.
Over the next 37 years, it appeared in nine editions altogether.
Drum-Taps(1865) --《桴鼓集》 collected into Leaves of Grass
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom (1865) --《最近紫丁香在庭 院里开放的时候》
Creeds and schools in abeyance, 教条和学派先放一旁,
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are,but never forgotten, 让他们暂且后退,满足于现状,但不被遗忘,
I harbor for good or bad,I permit to speak at every hazard, 我心怀善与恶,我要不顾一切地述说,
When he was sixteen, he worked as a teacher in the one-room school houses of Long Island.
He continued teaching until 1841, then turning to journalism as a full-time career at the age of twenty-two.
美国文学课件Walt-Whitman
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Major themes
Extol ( 赞颂 ) transcendent power of love, brotherhood, and comradeship ( 同志之谊 )
Express the ideals of democracy and equality. his poems revel a world of equality without rank and hierarchy ( 等级制度) ,attack the slavery and racial discrimination.
开始起步了，但愿永不停步，一直到死。
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The meaning of “I”
诗中的“我” 如果从字面上理解，就会认为这说明惠特曼 是一个夜郎自大的人。这样理解不但不是作者愿意，在上 下文也讲不通。实际上，惠特曼所用的“我”在大多数情 况下指“人类的象征，既是现代人的也是全人类的象征； 更多的是生命力的拟人化。”这一点在第二十四节中更为 明显：
他已辞世，全身冰凉。
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Themes
This poem eulogizes ( 颂扬 ) Lincoln’s monumental contributions and express the poet’s mourning for Lincoln’s death with the background
Walt Whitman
1819-1892
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Contents
Life Major Works Appreciation of Works Writing Style Influence
高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 惠特曼 Walt Whitman人
Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892)Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, on the West Hills of Long Island, New York. His mother, Louisa Van Velsor, of Dutch descent and Quaker faith, whom he adored, was barely literate. She never read his poetry, but gave him unconditional love. His father of English lineage, was a carpenter and builder of houses, and a stern disciplinarian. His main claim to fame was his friendship with Tom Paine, whose pamphlet mon Sense (1776), urging the colonists to throw off English domination was in his sparse library. It is doubtful that his father read any of his son's poetry, or would have understood it if he had. The senior Walt was too burdened with the struggle to support his ever-growing family of nine children, four of whom were handicapped.Young Walt, the second of nine, was withdrawn from public school at the age of eleven to help support the family. At the age of twelve he started to learn the printer's trade, and fell in love with the written and printed word. He was mainly self-taught. He read voraciously, and became acquainted with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare and Scott early in life. He knew the Bible thoroughly, and as a God-intoxicated poet, desired to inaugurate a religion uniting all of humanity in bonds of friendship.In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as an innovative teacher in the one-room school houses of Long Island. He permitted his students to call him by his first name, and devised learning games for them in arithmetic and spelling. He continued to teach school until 1841, when he turned to journalism as a full-time career. He soon became editor for a number of Brooklyn and New York papers. From 1846 to 1847 Whitman was the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Whitman went to NewOrleans in 1848, where he was editor for a brief time of the "New Orleans Crescent". In that city he had bee fascinated with the French language. Many of his poems contain words of French derivation. It was in New Orleans that he experienced at first hand the viciousness of slavery in the slave markets of that city.On his return to Brooklyn in the fall of 1848, he founded a "free soil" newspaper, the "Brooklyn Freeman". Between 1848 and 1855 he developed the style of poetry that so astonished Ralph Waldo Emerson. When the poet's Leaves Of Grass reached him as a gift in July, 1855, the Dean of American Letters thanked him for "the wonderful gift" and said that he rubbed his eyes a little "to see if the sunbeam was no illusion." Walt Whitman had been unknown to Emerson prior to that occasion. The "sunbeam" that illuminated a great deal of Whitman's poetry was Music. It was one of the major sources of his inspiration. Many of his four hundred poems contain musical terms, names of instruments, and names of posers. He insisted that music was "greater than wealth, greater than buildings, ships, religions, paintings." In his final essay written one year before his death in 1891, he sums up his struggles of thirty years to write Leaves of Grass. The opening paragraph of his self-evaluation "A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Road," begins with his reminiscences of "the best of songs heard." His concluding ments again return to thoughts about music, saying that "the strongest and sweetest songs remain yet to be sung.""When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed" and "O Captain! My Captain!" (1866) are two of his more famous poems. A poet who was ardently singing on life and himself, Whitman is today claimed as one of the few truly great American men of letters.。
美国文学_walt_whitman_简介
Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of love and happiness
Leaves of Grass 草叶集
First published in 1855 with only 12 poems Nine editions and last edition includes more than 400 poems Celebrates the ideals of equality, democracy, the dignity, selfreliant spirit and joy of common people Grass---the most common thing with the greatest vitality, as a symbol of the rising American
O Captain! My Captain
Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is worn, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red! Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills, For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here, Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse or will; The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult, O Shores! and ring, O bell! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.
Walt-Whitman--沃尔特·惠特曼-英美文学知识讲解
• Edited a newspaper, the LongIslander, in Huntington
• Back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist
1. No fixed rhyme and scheme
• Style: free verse
2. A looser and open-ended syntactical structure 3. The habit of using snapshots（快照） 4. Use of conversational image 5. Strong tendency to use oral English 6. Vocabulary- powerful, colorful, rarely-used words
Whitman's democratic ideas govern his poetry-writing.
In his famous poetry, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him.
His Leaves of Grass has always been considered a monumental work. It commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals.
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第四章【圣才出品】
第四章现实主义文学填空题1. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, that is poetry withouta fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.【答案】free verse【解析】沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1810-1892）是美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造性地运用了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。
自由诗是诗体的一种，其结构自由﹐段数、行数、字数没有一定规格，语言有自然节奏而不用韵。
2. O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.【答案】The Gift of the Magi【解析】《麦琪的礼物》（The Gift of the Magi）是美国著名文学家欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说，它描写了一个感人的故事：在圣诞节前一天，一对小夫妻互赠礼物，结果阴差阳错，两人珍贵的礼物都变成了无用的东西，而他们却得到了比任何实物都宝贵的东西——爱3. In ______, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。
4. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ______ gave America its first genuine epic poem.【答案】Walt Whitman【解析】《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）是十九世纪美国作家沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）浪漫主义诗集。
美国诗人惠特曼简介及作品赏析
——美国诗歌
宣讲人员：
今天我们来简单学习
沃尔沃 惠特曼பைடு நூலகம்
诗人简介
沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日－ 1892年3月26日），出生于纽 约州长岛，美国著名诗人、人 文主义者，创造了诗歌的自由 体（Free Verse），其代表 作品是诗集《草叶集》。美国 现代诗歌之父沃尔特·惠特曼 是十九世纪著名的诗人、人文 主义者。
你已倒下，已死去，已冷却。 我们的船长不作回答，他的双唇惨白而寂静， 我的父亲不能感觉我的手臂，他已没有脉息、没 有知觉， 我们的船已安全抛锚碇泊，已经结束了它的航程 ， 胜利的船从险恶的旅途归来，我们寻求的已赢得 手中。 欢呼吧，啊，海岸！轰鸣，啊，洪钟！ 可是，我却轻移悲伤的步履， 在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长， 他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。
You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm , he has no pulse nor will; The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult, Oh shores! and ring, Oh bells! But I,with mournful tread, Walk the deck my captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.
诗人惠特曼的简介
诗人惠特曼的简介沃尔特·惠特曼被称为“诗歌之父”，他在诗歌上的造诣非常深厚，惠特曼是美国文坛中最伟大的诗人之一，有自由诗之父的美誉。
他的文作在当时实具争议性，尤其是他的著名诗集《草叶集》，曾因其对性的大胆描述而被归为淫秽。
下面是店铺搜集整理的诗人惠特曼的简介，希望对你有帮助。
诗人惠特曼的简介沃尔特·惠特曼(英语：Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日-1892年3月26日)，美国诗人、散文家、新闻工作者及人文主义者。
他身处于超验主义与现实主义间的变革时期，著作兼并了二者的文风。
1819年，惠特曼生于现今长岛，南亨亭顿附近的一个农舍中，他在九个兄弟姐妹中排行第二。
1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。
惠特曼只上了6年学，然后开始做印刷厂学徒。
惠特曼基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读霍默、但丁和莎士比亚的作品。
在做了两年学徒以后，惠特曼搬到纽约市，并开始在不同的印刷厂工作。
1835年，他返回长岛，在一所乡村学校执教。
1838年至1839年期间，他在他的家乡办了一份叫做《长岛人》的报纸。
他一直教书直到1841年，之后他回到纽约并当了一名记者。
他也在一些主流杂志上担任自由撰稿人，或发表政治演讲。
惠特曼的政治演讲引起了坦慕尼协会的注意，他们让他担任一些报纸的编辑，但是没有一个工作做的长久。
在他担任有影响力的报纸《布鲁克林之鹰》的两年间，民主党内部的分裂使得支持自由国土党的他离开了工作。
在他尝试为自由国土办报纸的努力失败后，他开始在不同的工作间漂浮。
1841年到1859年间，他共在新奥尔良编辑过1份报纸、纽约2份报纸和长岛四份报纸。
在新奥尔良的时候，他亲眼目睹了奴隶拍卖——当时很普遍的事情。
这时，惠特曼开始着力写诗。
19世纪40年代是惠特曼长期工作的第一个收获期：1841年他出版了一些短篇故事，一年后他在纽约出版了小说《富兰克林·埃文斯》(Franklin Evans)。
瓦尔特·惠特曼：《草叶集》中的自然与灵魂的融合
瓦尔特·惠特曼：《草叶集》中的自然与灵魂的融合引言瓦尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）是一位美国诗人，他以他的代表作《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）闻名于世。
《草叶集》是一部极具创新性和自我宣告性质的诗歌集，其中既有对自然景观的赞美，也有对人类精神和灵魂的探索。
本文将深入探讨瓦尔特·惠特曼如何在《草叶集》中将自然与灵魂紧密融合，并影响了后世文学。
自然与人类灵魂的统一瓦尔特·惠特曼在《草叶集》中通过深入观察和描绘自然来实现与人类灵魂之间的统一。
他赋予自然以生命和意义，将大自然看作是一个能够启发并滋养人类内心世界的力量。
例如，在诗篇《故事岛上》（Song of Myself）中，惠特曼描述了植物、动物、大地和太阳等元素之间紧密相连的关系。
这种统一的看法传递了一个信息：人类灵魂与自然密切相连，我们可以从自然中获得力量和意义。
自然景观的赞美《草叶集》以其对自然景观的赞美而闻名。
惠特曼采用独特的语言和韵律，生动地描绘大自然中的各种美丽场景。
他通过为读者呈现细节和感官体验来唤起内心深处的情感。
在诗篇《夜思》（A Clear Midnight）中，他用细腻而感性的语言描绘了星空之美，并表达了对宇宙奥秘和智慧的敬畏之情。
这些赞美不仅展示了惠特曼对大自然的热爱，也向读者传达了人类与自然息息相关、互相依存的真理。
现代文学影响瓦尔特·惠特曼对现代文学产生了深远影响。
他将诗歌从传统形式中解放出来，大胆尝试新颖复杂而不拘一格的写作方式。
他敢于探索社会、政治和性别等话题，在组织结构上突破限制，表达自己独特的观点。
这种对创意和自由的追求成为后来文学运动的先驱，奠定了现代诗歌写作的基础。
结论瓦尔特·惠特曼在他的诗集《草叶集》中将自然与灵魂紧密融合，描绘了人类与大自然之间密不可分的关系。
他通过富有感染力的赞美和深入探索灵魂世界，留下了深刻印记，并对现代文学产生了广泛影响。
惠特曼
（二）基本主题：
自我 、创造和民主 ”我，惠特曼，一个美国人，一个粗鲁 惠特曼，一个美国人， 汉，一个世界，纵情声色……饥餐，渴饮， 一个世界，纵情声色 饥餐，渴饮， 饥餐 传种接代“。（《自我之歌》） 传种接代“。（《自我之歌》 诗人认为： 诗人认为：”任何一件占据着自己的时 间和空间的事物，都与其他事物相等。 间和空间的事物，都与其他事物相等。”
沃尔特·惠特曼 沃尔特 惠特曼
一、生平简介
沃尔特·惠特曼 沃尔特 惠特曼 WaltWhitman，1819年 （WaltWhitman，1819年5 31日 1892年 26日 月31日－1892年3月26日）， 生于纽约州长岛， 生于纽约州长岛，他是美 国著名诗人、人文主义者， 国著名诗人、人文主义者， 他创造了诗歌的自由体 （Free Verse），其代表 Verse），其代表 ）， 作品是诗集《草叶集》 作品是诗集《草叶集》。
草叶集》 《草叶集》的自由之声和自由体诗震惊了 当时的读者。惹恼了学院派文人。 当时的读者。惹恼了学院派文人。惠特曼骄傲 地宣称：他的诗中没有了“ 地宣称：他的诗中没有了“旧世界赞歌中高大 突出的人物” 而有的是“ 突出的人物”，而有的是“作为整个事业及未 来主要成就的最大因素的各地普通农民和机械 工人” 这是符合实际的。 工人”，这是符合实际的。他既是自然的诗人 也是城市的诗人。 也是城市的诗人。当英美诗人们纷纷从城市向 乡村逃遁时，他却在钢铁时代的纽约纵情高歌， 乡村逃遁时，他却在钢铁时代的纽约纵情高歌， 既歌唱高山、大海、草原，也歌唱火车头、 既歌唱高山、大海、草原，也歌唱火车头、电 脱粒机，这些都是新大陆、新时代的产物， 缆、脱粒机，这些都是新大陆、新时代的产物， 他把它们一起拥抱。 他把它们一起拥抱。
二、草 叶 集
惠特曼诗作中文译本赏析
• 我已经走过了漫长的道路，只是为了来看你， 来亲近你， 在我见你一次之前我不能死去， 我害怕我可能以后会失去你。 • 仅仅为了看看你，摸你一摸，我已经长途跋 涉， 因为我不来看你一眼我是不能死的， 因为我怕我可能以后会失去你。
你像一粒水滴，温柔地 从滚滚人海中向我涌来， 在耳边诉说着对我的爱。 我即将死去——你说—— 我走过了多么漫长的路， 就为了遇见你、面对你； 我曾经惧怕死亡，在遇见你之前， 现在我惶恐失去，在遇见你以后。
张祈(1971—),
• 中国当代诗人，作家和自修学者。著有作品集 《飞翔的树》、《张祈诗文集》等，系河北省作 家协会会员。参加中国作协诗刊社2002年第十八 届“青春诗会”，代表作《遥远岁月里的中国》 在诗坛引起反响。
• 赵萝蕤 (1912～1998)女。 浙江杭州人。1932年毕业 于北京燕京大学英语系。 中国作家协会会员。 • 长期从事英国文学家狄更 斯、勃朗特姊妹和美国文 学家惠特曼、詹姆斯的研 究。 • 代表作品：艾略特《荒原》
• 现在我们已经相会了，我们看见了，我们很平安， 我爱，和平地归回到海洋里去吧， 我爱，我也是海洋的一部分，我们并非隔得很远， • 现在我们已经相遇了，见到了，也安心了， 回到大海的静寂中去吧，我的爱人， 我也是那大海的一部分，亲爱的，我们离得并不 算远，
• 现在我们已经相会，见了面，我们平安无 事了， 请放心回到大洋中去吧，亲爱的， 我也是大洋中的一部分，亲爱的，我们并 没有完全分离，
• 别焦急，－－等一会－－你知道我向空气，海洋 和大地敬礼， 每天在日落的时候，为着你，我亲爱的缘故。 • 别着急——只是那么一小会儿——你知道我会 在每个日落时向天空，大海和陆地致敬 ——为了我最亲爱的，为了你。 • 不要着急——这只是短暂的片刻——要知道我在 向天空、海洋和陆地致意， 每天在日落的时候这样作，都为的是你啊，亲爱 的。
Walt-Whitman--沃尔特·惠特曼-英美文学
Leaves of Grass
• Walt Whitman has devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem, Leaves of Grass .The work has nine editions.
• In this giant work, openness, freedom, and individualism are all that concerned him.
Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. Proclaimed the "greatest of all American poets" by many foreign observers a mere four years after his death.
Excerpt from Song of
Life
• Born: 31 May 1819 • Birthplace: Long Island,
New York. • Died:26 March 1892
• Born in a working-class family, son of a carpenter
of foreign origin, wrong words 7. Sentences- different lengths, disturbed, separate
• Rhyme 1. a rhythm of thought 2. cadences of his feeling 3. Parallelism
2. Individual value
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• Style: free verse
1. No fixed rhyme and scheme
2. A looser and open-ended syntactical structure
3. The habit of using snapshots（快照） 4. Use of conversational image
Drum Taps
• In May 1865 Walt began printing his Civil War literature, entitled Drum-Taps. • Some of Whitman’s poems are political committed. Before and during the Civil War, he stood firmly on the side of the North. Drum Taps Drum Taps is the collection of his emotions and feelings during the period. • In Drum Taps, as a lover of peace, Whitman express much mourning for the determination to carry on the fighting dauntlessly until the final victory.|
Leaves of Grass
• Walt Whitman has devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem, Leaves of Grass .The work has nine editions. • In this giant work, openness, freedom, and individualism are all that concerned him. • His purpose is to express some new poetical feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference should be recognized. He wanted to behave as a supreme individualist.
The themes in Whitman's poetry
• filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch.
1. The whole hard-working people The burgeoning life of cities. The fast growth of industry and wealth in cities 2. Individual value 3. Pursuit of love and happiness 4. Sexual love The individual person and his desires must be respected.
• Influences the 20th century world literature:
His works is part of western culture / many poets in France, Italy, England, and Latin America are in his debt. His poetry also influences modern American poets such as Pound, T.S. Eliot, Hart Crane, Carl Sandburg.
America’s first “poet of democracy” Whitman's democratic ideas govern his poetry-writing. In his famous poetry, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ,attack the slavery system and racial discrimination.
Important Features in Whitman’s Poems
• The first person narrator: “I” the subject in the poem, “you” the reader Invites us to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.
• Back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist • Experienced various jobs • Began writing a new kind of poetry (free verse)
Whitman's democratic ideals& individualism
• 1. 2. 3.
Rhyme a rhythm of thought cadences of his feeling Parallelism To repeat the idea in the lines with minor changes in wording (the line is the rhythmical unit)
Wbrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you Excerpt from Song of
4. Phonetic recurrence Repetition of the words and phrases
first
works
• • • • • Leaves of Grass Songs of Myself There was a Child Went forth I hear America sining Drum Taps
Leaves of Grass
• Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme) • The first version of his masterpiece, Leaves of Grass, appeared in 1855. • Emerson praised Whitman’s poetry as “the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet to contribute.”
Song of Myself
• Song of Myself was originally published in the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass in which it was the first of twelve poems. At the time this poem was untitled, in 1881 Whitman gave the poem its final name: Song of Myself. • In Song of Myself, Whitman believed that two people could be “twain yet one”, their paths could be different, and yet they could achieve a kind of transcendent contact. • Song of Myself is a history of the poet’s movement from loafing individual to active spirit.
Leaves of Grass
• Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-masse” and the self as well. Whitman also gives emphasis to the physical dimension of the self and openly celebrates sexuality. • Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly affectionately in his lines. • If two persons are really in love, “what is to us what the rest do or think?” The individual person and his desires must be respected. Obviously, Whitman’s sexual themes are beyond the physical.
Influence
America’s first “poet of democracy”