许国璋英语许式英语语音语法复习二

许式英语复习二一．词类（一）名词（noun—n.）(内容在“许式英语复习一”里)（二）动词(verb—v.) （同上）（三）代词(pronoun—pron.)：可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词九类。

1．指示代词this, that, these, those在句中可用作：1）主语This is Jane. That is Bob.This is a telephone. That is a TV set. This /That is not / isn‘t a computer.―Is this a telephone?‖ ―Yes, it is.‖―Is that a computer?‖ ―No, it is not / isn‘t. It is a TV set.‖These are cars. Those are buses. They are not / aren‘t jeeps.―Are these buses?‖ ―No, they are not. They are cars.‖Those are newspapers. They are not / aren‘t magazines.―What are those?‖ ―They are newspapers.‖2) 宾语You should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。

Better take that with you. 最好把那个带着。

3) 表语My idea is this. 我的意见是这样。

4) 定语For these reasons we have to cancel the trip. 由于这些原因，我们只好取消这次旅行。

2．1)作主语要用主格。

（注意动词be 要随不同的人称和数而变化，即: I am,you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are , they are.。

）例如：I am / am not a teacher. You are /are not an engineer. He is /is not a CEO. Sheis/ isn‘t a doctor.We are students. You are civil servants（公务员）. They are players（运动员）.They are not /aren‘t actors（演员）.―Are you a teacher?‖ ―Yes, I am.‖ ―No, I am not.‖―Is he a model worker(模范工人)?‖ ―Yes, he is. ‖ ―No, he is not /isn‘t.‖―How are you?‖ ―I‘m fine, thank you.‖2)作宾语要用宾格。

例如：Let me try again. 让我再试试。

They like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。

She gave them a lot of books. 她送给他们很多书。

3）做表语时多用宾格，特别是在口语中。

例如：Who is knocking at the door? ----- It‘s me. 谁在敲门？----- 是我。

If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是他就接受这个意见。

但在下面这种结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it. （强调）是他做了这事。

It is she who wants it. （强调）是她想要这个。

3．物主代词：表明事物关系的词。

物主代词分形容词性和名词性的。

（1）容词性的物主代词只能作定语，放在名词前面：May I know your name? ------ My name is Li Xin.Is this his mobile phone? ------ Yes, it is.This is our teaching building.（2）名词性的物主代词代表了形容词性物主代词及其后面的名词，起名词的作用，在句中：1）作主语Your magazine is new, but mine is old.This is our classroom. Theirs is on the third floor.2）作动词宾语I have lost my dictionary. May I use yours? 我把字典丢了。

我能用你的吗？Let‘s clean their room first and then ours。

让我们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。

3）作表语This is your suitcase（箱子）, and that is his.4．疑问代词：疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which都是用来构成特殊疑问句的。

who通常作表语，whom作宾语；例如：Who is speaking? 是哪一位（打电话）？Whom do you wish to speak? 你找谁接电话？Who /whom did you mean? 你指的是谁？（口语中常用who代替whom.）Who/whom are you talking about? 你们在说谁？With whom did you go? 你和谁一道去的？（如果前面有介词时，就仍旧用whom，但口语中说Who did you go with? 时更多些。

）其他三个疑问词可以用作1）主语What happened next? 后来怎么样了呢？Whose is better? 谁的好一些？Which is yours? 哪个是你的？2) 表语W hat‘s your father?你父亲是干什么的？Whose is it? 这是谁的？They are so alike, you can‘t tell which is which.他们是那样相象，你都分不出谁是谁了。

3) 宾语What do you mean? 你是什么意思？Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 你愿意要哪一种，茶还是咖啡？Whose are you going to borrow? 你预备借谁的？4) 定语What time shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再碰头？Which train will you take? 你搭那一班火车？Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞？5．反身代词I can‘t express myself in English. 我不能用英语表达思想。

Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。

2)作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我。

3)作主语或宾语的同位语，多译为“本人”或“本身”; 有时常用来加强语气，常译为“自己”或“亲自”：The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。

We‘d better ask the president himself about it. 最好问校长本人。

You yourself did it. / You did it yourself. 这是你自己做的事。

They themselves are to blame. / They are to blame themselves.这得怪他们自己。

He says he‘ll do it himself. 他说他将亲自办这件事。

反身代词间或可作主语（代替人称代词）：Both my sister and myself asked to go and work there.我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。

She was as anxious as I was.她和我一样着急。

oneself也是一个反身代词，用法和其他的相同，例如：One should not live for oneself alone. 一个人不应该只为自己活着。

6. 不定代词1）both“两个都…）, either“（两个中）任一的”, neither“两者都不；哪一个都不”：指两个人或物。

它们可以作主语、宾语、定语, 例如：Both (of you) are right. （你们）两人全对。

（谓语动词用复数形式）Either (of the books) will do. （两本书）随便哪一本都可以。

（谓语动词用单数形式）Neither (of the answers) is correct. （两个回答）哪一个都不对。

（谓语动词用单数形式）I‘ll take both (of them) with me.我把他们两人都带去。

You may take either with you. 两个中间你随便带哪一个去。

I agree with neither of you. 你们两人的话我都不同意。

Both (the) seats are taken. 两个座位都有人占了。

You may take either road. 两条路你走哪一条都行。

Neither seat is occupied. 两个座位一个也没人占。

另外both还可以作同位语（这时要注意both的位置）：You and I are both to blame. 我们两人都有错。

（跟在动词be 后）They both agreed to stay. 他们两人都答应呆下去。

（放在实意动词前面）2）all ―人人、大家、全体、一切、全部”：用来指三个或三个以上的人或物时可用作主语、宾语、定语、同位语：All of us are fond of sports. 我们都喜欢运动。

（谓语动词用复数形式）I want all of you to make rapid progress. 我希望你们全都迅速进步。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

They all agreed to stay there. 他们都同意呆在这儿。

They are all for her. 他们全支持她。

在谈到不可数的东西时，可用作主语、宾语、定语、表语，例如：All is going well. 一切进行得很好。

（谓语动词用单数形式）Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。