杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三期中质量调研语文学科试卷
上海市高三上学期期中考试联合调研语文试卷 含答案
201 7 学 年 第 一 学 期 期 中 学 习 能 力 诊 断 卷高 三 语 文 学 科 试 卷考生注意:命题:Justin Nee 1、本考试设试卷(共 6 页)和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题和答题要求,所有答题必须涂 (选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
2、答题前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号,并将核对后的 条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
4、答题时间 150 分钟。
试题满分 150 分。
一 阅读 80 分(一)阅读下文,完成第 1-6 题。
(19 分)经典文学,不应忽视的超级大 IP胡凌虹1 日前在文化广场上演的陕西人艺版话剧《白鹿原》,因为题材貌似与上海主流话剧观 众——青年白领略有隔膜,而不曾获得高票房,但是凡是看过该剧的观众最终都被其(1) 而撞击心灵。
这使得我们反思当下影视圈和舞台剧——经典文学,才是超级大 IP ;触及人 性底色的作品才会获得共鸣;以魔幻写现实的手法更“惊动”人心。
2 IP ,当下热词。
只是,改编自热门网络 IP 的电影、电视剧、舞台剧就一定大卖了吗? 残酷的市场表明:这些 IP 并非万能灵丹。
不少顶着“大 IP ”光环的作品质量堪忧,被观众 诟病。
时下,对影视改编版权盲目混乱的哄抢滋生的一股浮躁之气,也影响着影视艺术的健 康发展。
3 在这股如火如荼的 IP 热潮中,IP 几乎与网络文学画上了等号。
但是,日前在沪上演 的话剧《白鹿原》,却让人再度认识到陈忠实原著小说的深沉魅力——可惜,票房并不尽如 人意。
今年,世界各地还刮起的“莎士比亚风”,也让人们意识到,文学经典才是超级大“IP ”。
上海艺术电影联盟曾推出“电影与文学”大师作品展,放映了《4 按现在的说法,莎士比亚、托尔斯泰等作家的经典作品是公认的超级大 IP ,无论是 其深刻的艺术品质,还是跨越时空的穿透力、传播力,都可以甩那些网络文学 IP 成百上千 条马路了。
高三语文杨浦区一模试卷doc资料
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷(满分150分,时间150分钟) 2017.12一积累运用 10分1.按要求填空(5分)(1)____________________,万钟于我何加焉?(孟子《鱼我所欲也》)(2)____________________,万方多难此登临。
(杜甫《_____________》)(3)人类的物质文明无论多么奢华,坚固,都逃不过时间的淘洗,李白在《登金陵凤凰台》中的一联“___________________,___________________”对此发出感慨。
2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)当代人做事讲求“有法可依”“有根有据”,以下表述对应的一项是()。
(2分)A.导之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡B.没有规矩,不成方圆事不目见耳闻,而臆断其有无,可乎C.礼禁未然之前,法施已然之后道听而途说,德之弃也D.国不可无法,有法而不善与无法等不以言举人,不以人废言(2)填入下面语段空白处的词句,最恰当的一项是()。
(3分)中国古典诗文的审美通常停留于农耕时代的意象,中国古代文学理论的气、韵、境、味等均是中国人独特情趣的表现。
然而,面对现代社会的复杂经验,___________________,以“诗评、文评”为主要内容的中国古代文学理论只能做出相当有限的反应。
A.精美的意象、隽永的意境仍能酣畅淋漓地表达B.古典诗文的朦胧、雅致倒是十分贴切C.精致的古典诗文已显得力不从心D.再精美的诗文都已经失去言说的能力二阅读 70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。
(16分)标准化时代的文化乡愁陈建华①用坐标横轴表示诗的完美性,用纵轴表示重要性,确立一个坐标点,计算其所占面积,便可测算诗的伟大指数。
这种表述近乎完美,将诗歌欣赏的感性沉迷转化为可资遵循的理性路径,将只能意会难以言传的审美体悟做成可视化的数学模型,既易于理解又具有可操作性。
但这改变不了标准化时代“精致的平....庸.”的本质。
2017年11月杨浦区高三期中考试-(含答案)
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三期中质量调研英语学科试卷2017.11 I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 7:45. B. At 7:55. C. At 8:15. D. At 8:30.2. A. She doesn’t return the book on time.B. She hasn’t finished the book on coffee.C. She can’t spell the name of the book.D. She damages the previously borrowed book.3. A. In a hotel. B. In a ward. C. In a museum. D. In a bank.4. A. How she can afford the tuition.B. Which major she should chooseC. Whether the university is a good one.D. Where she can meet world-famous scholars.5. A. Traveller and tour guide. B. Customer and house agent.C. shopper and shop assistant.D. Visitor and receptionist.6. A. He made hand-made chocolate for Alex.B. He decorated his cup with strawberries.C. He made cupcakes with strawberries on them.D. He decorated the strawberry cake with chocolate.7. A. The main source of ocean garbage is plastic.B. The way the water moves causes ocean pollution.C. The article is about how to collect ocean garbage.D. Tiny pieces of garbage can be ignored in the big ocean.8. A. The price of electric cars. B. The battery capacity of electric cars.C. The disadvantage of electric cars.D. The popularity of electric cars.9. A. People are not allowed to take dried fruit through the Customs.B. The rapid growth of non-native plants may affect economy.C. The fast spread of bacteria on plants by invasive species.D. The local ecosystem may be damaged by invasive species.10. A. Their air-conditioner is out of order.B. The delivery service is too slow.C. The woman likes online shopping.D. Fast Internet connection costs much money.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The UK’s Houses of Parliament was being repaired.B. The repair workers’ hearing needed to be protected.C. The clock was so old that it gained several minutes.D. The Parliament suggested its being switched off.12. A. People held a debate on the four-year timescale.B. Many people stood in the way to stop the traffic.C. Most natives cried but tourists cheered and applauded.D. People recorded the historical moment with cell-phones.13. A. It will never ring again until 2021.B. It is in the hall of the Houses of Parliament.C. People can still hear its chimes on the New Year’s Eve.D. People can hear its chimes anywhere in London.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Spend 9.9yuan online buying the first book.B. Borrow no more than ten books at a time.C. Pay a deposit of 99yuan on the app.D. Return the books within 90days.15. A. Readers can return the books to any of the 10 Xinhua Bookstores.B. Readers can buy the borrowed books without going to the stores.C. Readers can keep the books for a much longer time.D. Readers can share their book reviews on the app.16. A. 0.5 yuan. B. 1.2 yuan. C. 1.9 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tomorrow. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday. D. In two weeks.18. A. Review what she has learned in every chapter and test herself.B. Focus on the class notes for an entire day without breaks.C. Copy top students’ notes and read them carefully.D. Memorize all the information within one night.19. A. Quiz each other and loser pay the bill.B. Study together and enjoy lunch together.C. Have lunch and go to see a movie.D. Solve some urgent problems first.20. A. Put stress on herself to get motivated.B. Go to sleep early to ensure a good rest.C. Take every opportunity to learn new knowledge.D. Review the materials and cram for (突击准备) the test.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s that time of the year again: school has started in full swing, homework is piling up and you realize that you can't possibly wait for some next year.“I need a holiday,” you (21)______ be thinking.But wait -- is it a holiday that you truly need? When we think of holidays, we think of traveling, beach, fun and adventure. But the reality is, we spend most of our holidays on our personal devices. Smartphones have taken the world by storm, (22)______(influence) the manner we interact with each other. Does this sound like you? If so, it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品解毒期).(23)______ it may seem that sending a quick text message or uploading a photo to WeChat (24)______(take) a little time, these things eventually add up without us even knowing it.It was discovered in a study (25)______(conduct) on that 90 percent of Britons spend more than four hours a day using the electronic devices while they are on holiday. Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision (26)______(make). To help you along, it is probably a good idea to choose a remote area, somewhere close to nature, (27)______ you can truly relax yourself, and most importantly, not (28)______(tempt) to switch on your smartphone.Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, (29)______ return to hobbies which never had a time (30)______. You could sketch the view of the coast, or take photos with your old film camera. If you're going with friends or family, perhaps bring along some board games to spend time rebuilding tired relationships.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A pen has always been a(n) (31)______ tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that student s’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.“There has definitely been a(n) (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the stud ents and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,” Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators.However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art.Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s example.In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the “flipped classroom”.He believes that the rise of mobile internet (39)______ means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything.As a result, he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. With these devices, students can “look up whatever they want, whenever they want” and be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.III. Reading Comprehensionsection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was ___41___ when it came to making decisions. I knew what wouldn’t ___42___ me too much, what would keep me glued to the floor of where I already was. ___43___, little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.After living the same type of life for so long, I decided that there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get ___44___ in thingsthat I wouldn’t normally do. I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the ___45___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___46___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.A q uote said “life begins at the end of your comfort zone.” Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that I wasn’t truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___47___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my ___48___.There are a few days you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___49___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn’t useful unless you are ___50___ going to try and achieve it.Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along (跟随).If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___51___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.Finally, ___52___ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been too afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___53___ yourself into doing it.Life is about ___54___ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ___55___ yourself or learn something valuable.41. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy42. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose43. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However44. A. absorbed B. participated C. caught D. involved45. A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion46. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended47. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid48. A. imagination B. control C. limits D. expectation49. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure50. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently51. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects52. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help53. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape54. A. making B. taking C. piling D. filling55. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. betterSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as ma ny fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.He’s been seen wearing “statement socks” at many public events. For example, during a NATO (北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada –when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as “clever”.“Socks are subtle enough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,” she wrote. “Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.”One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks – simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to V ogue magazine reporter Emily Farra, that message was “just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,” she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeau’s unusual sock choices show a childish side of the prime minister that proves he isn’t matu re enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesn’t see it that way. “The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale –a symbol both of Mr Trudeau’s ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,” she wrote. They have opened up possibilities for the future.56. Trudean wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to ________.A. distract audience’s attention from the TV showB. send a message that he is proud of his countryC. narrow the gap between politicians and civiliansD. claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country57. The underlined word “quirky” is closet in meaning to ________.A. abnormal or immatureB. serious or straightC. patriotic or enthusiasticD. odd or unpredictable58. According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau ________.A. has a promising future but is still an inexperienced politicianB. used a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC. is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD. is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future59. The article is mainly about ________.A. the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leader’s clever choice of so cksC. how male politicians maintain public imageD. the gender difference in modern politiciansCross Country aims to provide the most punctual service possible. However, when delays do occur, we will provide you compensation in line with our Passenger Charter and National Rail Conditions of Travel.If your train has been delayed by 30 minutes or more to the destination printed on your ticket, you will be entitled to compensation. You can rest assured that your journey is covered whatever happens.How much refund am I entitled to?The amount of compensation that you may be entitled to depends on the length of time your journey was delayed by:Delay of 30-59 minutes50% of the cost of your single ticket or 50% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of 60 minutes or more100% of the cost of your single ticket or 100% of the cost of either portion of your return ticketDelay of two hours or more for return ticketsIf either or both the outward or return legs of your journey are delayed by more than two hours and you have a return ticket, you will be entitled to receive up to 100% of the cost of the return ticketHow will I be paid?Compensation will be paid in National Rail Travel Vouchers(抵用券) or, at your request, in money(for example by cheque or BACS). Rail Travel vouchers can be used as payment or part payment towards any National Rail ticket, including season tickets.How do I make a claim under Delay Repay?Please complete the form below within 28 days of the date of the delay. A readable, scanned copy of your ticket is required to make a claim.Our Customer service team will respond as soon as possible and aim to reply within10 working days. Should you have any difficulties completing the form, please call us on 03447 369 123.Alternatively, you can download our Delay Repay claim form and post to us at the address on the form.60. John bought a single ticket from London to Glasgow, which cost him £20.60.Unfortunately, the journey was delayed by 40 minutes. How much refund can he receive?A. None.B. £10.30.C. £20.60.D. 41.20.61. With no special request, the compensation will be paid ________.A. by bank transferB. by cheque or in cashC. in National Rail ticketD. in National Rail Travel V ouchers62. To make a claim for refund, one must ________.A. get his train ticket clearly scannedB. download the claim form and mail itC. call the service hotline to get the formD. complete the form within 10 days after the delay(C)Teacher burnout(倦怠) and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students' cortisol levels (可体松水平), which are a biological indicator of stress.Researchers collected saliva(唾液) samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students' cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems."This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers," said Eva Oberle, the study's lead author. Indeed,the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom."Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers' ability to effectively manage their students.A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students' needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioural problems, or special needs. In this scenario, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout."Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut," said Oberle."It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support intheir jobs in order to battle burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom," said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study's co-author and director of HELP. "If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage (附带损害) of students.63. Which is the best title of the passage?A. How to Relieve Stress in the classB.A puzzling Question of Egg and ChickenC. The Most Stressful Profession in the worldD. The Link Between Students Stress and Teacher Burnout64. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that ________.A. teacher burnout may be cause of the elevated cortisol levels in studentsB. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problemC. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficultiesD. student’ behavioural problems may result in teacher’s higher level of burnout65. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that ________.A. teacher are not well trained to deal with students’ problems.B. teachers’ income increases but teaching resources are cutC. there’re more students in each class and less support for teachersD. there is a widening gap between students’ need and teachers’ ability66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The more burnout teachers experience, the higher cortisol levels in students.B. Adequate support may help teachers manage students more effectively.C. Students will benefit as a result of reduced teacher burnout.D. High cortisol level indicates high level of burnout.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Named to change the way we think of education and those who are the recipients. Barefoot College has launched 1,300 locations in 80 countries.Delhi social worker Sanjit "Bunker" Roy was concerned about the poverty of India in his youth and moved to one of the poorest Indian states to work. With his help and that of local farmer Merghaj, Barefoot College came into being in 1972. _____67_____ Within eight years, women came to the campus in Tilonia, Rajasthan, from around the globe to be trained as solar engineers, mostly learning through demonstrations, practice and sign language.Barefoot College, the world's first fully solar-electrified campus, trains its students to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. These include lamps, water heaters, cookers and even a water-purifying system._____68_____ As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that it is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-dependence, teaching students to support and think for themselves. _____69_____As Barefoot College continued to develop, it journeyed past Indian borders to the Middle East and Latin America. In 2013 Bunder Roy won the Clinton Global Citizen Award, which prompted the Indian government to provide funds for five regional centers in Africa. _____70_____ In addition, the organization’s Pacific Solar Initiative should result in three times the beneficiaries (受益人)by 2018 through work on island nations.If successful, Barefoot College will have managed to spread light, both literally and figuratively, across the entire world.IV. Summary Writing(10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Marathons can be bad for your health, scientists have warned after a study found 80 percent of competitors suffer kidney (肾) injury because of dehydration (脱水).Researchers said that although the kidneys of the participants in the 26.2 mile race fully recovered within two days, their findings raise questions concerning the potential long-term impact at a time when marathons are increasing in popularity.The findings were published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, as thousands of people prepare for next month's London Marathon.Previous research has shown that engaging in unusually vigorous activities - such as military training - in warm climates can damage the kidneys, but little is known about the effects of marathon running.A team of researchers led by Professor Chirag Parikh, of Yale University in the US, studied a small group of participants in the 2015 Hartford Marathon.They collected blood and urine (尿液) samples before and after the event. They analysed a variety of markers of kidney injury, including serum creatinine(肌酐) levels, kidney cells on microscopy, and proteins in urine.The researchers found that 82 percent of the runners that were studied showedStage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) soon after the race. AKI is a condition in which the kidneys fail to filter (过滤) waste from the blood.Prof Parikh said: "The kidney responds to the physical stress of marathon running as if it's injured, in a way that's similar to what happens in hospitalised patients when the kidney is affected by medical and surgical complications (并发症)."The researchers stated that potential causes of the marathon-related kidney damage could be the sustained rise in core body temperature, dehydration, or decreased blood flow to the kidneys that occur during a marathon.While the measured kidney injury resolved within two days of running the marathon, the researchers said the study still raises questions about the effects of repeated strenuous activity over time, especially in warm climates.I. Translation:Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房屋。
杨浦高三语文期中考试试卷
一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音、字义完全正确的一项是()A. 妩媚(wǔ mèi)荡漾(dàng yàng)惟妙惟肖(wéi miào wéi xiào)B. 沉着(chén zhù)狂妄(kuáng wàng)恣意妄为(zì yì wàng wéi)C. 畸形(jī xíng)蔓延(màn yán)腹背受敌(fù bèi shòu dí)D. 炽热(chì rè)沮丧(jǔ sàng)气吞山河(qì tūn shān hé)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A. 通过这次活动,使我们受到了深刻的教育。
B. 我对这次考试的成功感到非常满意。
C. 他的言行一致,深受大家的喜爱。
D. 由于天气原因,会议不得不推迟。
3. 下列各句中,使用比喻手法正确的一项是()A. 她的笑容像春天的阳光一样温暖。
B. 这座城市的夜景犹如一幅美丽的画卷。
C. 他的发言犹如一把利剑,直指问题核心。
D. 这本书的内容丰富,犹如一座知识的宝库。
4. 下列各句中,标点符号使用错误的一项是()A. “今天天气真好!”他说。
B. “请问您贵姓?”她问。
C. “这个问题很重要,请您务必注意。
”他说。
D. “你看过这本书吗?”我问。
5. 下列各句中,表达效果最佳的一项是()A. 这座山真高啊!B. 这座山有几百米高。
C. 站在这座山顶上,我仿佛看到了天边的云彩。
D. 这座山,高得让人望而生畏。
6. 下列各句中,修辞手法运用最恰当的一项是()A. 他的眼睛像星星一样明亮。
B. 这本书的内容像大海一样丰富。
C. 他的歌声像小鸟一样婉转。
D. 这篇文章的文笔像画一样生动。
2017届上海市杨浦区高三三模语文试卷及答案
2017届杨浦区高三年级三模语文试卷一、积累运用(10分)1.根据提示填空:(6分)(1)_____________________________,此时无声胜有声。
(白居易《琵琶行》)(2)____________________________________,则知明而行无过矣。
(______《劝学》)(3)王维的《终南山》云霭弥漫:_______________,________________。
(4)黄庭坚在《登快阁》中使用了钟子期、俞伯牙、阮籍的典故的诗句是:________,________。
(5)孔子认为志士仁人,在对待生命与仁的关系上,应该做到:_____________,_____________。
2.按要求选择。
(4分)(1)根据文体对语言的要求,下列各项中语言欠妥的一项是()(2分)A.有历史才有现在,唯遗产才知兴衰。
(“保护文化遗产”公益广告词)B.踏上跑道,是一种选择。
离开起点,是一种勇气。
驰骋赛场,是一种胜利。
运动健将们,用你的实力、你的精神,去开拓出一片属于你的长跑天地。
(某校运动会广播稿)C.紫藤,别名藤萝、朱藤、黄环,属豆科、紫藤属。
干皮深灰色,不烈;春季开花,青紫色蝶形花冠,花紫色或深紫色。
紫色以高贵性、神秘性吸引着世人。
紫藤为暖带及温带植物,产河北以南黄河长江流域及陕西、河南、广西、贵州、云南。
(《植物百科词典》)D.根据任课老师考勤记录,发现以下学生出现旷课现象。
为严肃学风,进一步规范学生行为,根据《江林学院学生违纪处分条例》浙的有关规定,对以下无故旷课的学生给予通报批评。
希望受到通报批评的学生能够认真反省,积极改正错误,自觉维护良好的教学秩序和课堂纪律。
15级其他学生要以此为戒学校。
(学校通告)(2)夏日正午,你与友人来到杭州西湖,在艳阳下观赏荷花,以下哪一组诗句比较应景?()(2分)A.竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
圆荷浮小叶,细麦落轻花。
B.接天莲叶无穷碧,映日荷花别样红。
杨浦区2016-2017学年 高三年级上学期期中考试试卷(包括复旦附中)
2017学年 杨浦区 高三年级第一学期 模拟卷2016.11.03一、填空题(每小题4分,共56分)1、命题:若“b a >”则“ba 11<”是________命题(填“真”、“假”) 2、已知集合}5,3,2,1{},5,3{},,3,1{===B A B m A ,则____=m3、函数x x x f -++=211)(的定义域是________ 4、已知32sin =θ,则_____22sin =⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+πθ 5、若函数)(x g 与)0(8)(2<-=x x x f 的图像关于直线x y =对称,则____)1(=g6、一个高为2的圆柱,底面周长为π2,该圆柱的表面积为______7、已知6143+=+n n n C C C (5≥n 且*N n ∈),则_____=n 8、圆锥的侧面展开图为扇形,若其弧长为π2cm ,半径为2cm ,则该圆锥的体积为________3cm9、已知()53cos ,02,20=-<<-<<βαβππα,且43tan =α,则_____sin =β 10、设二项式()n x 13+的展开式的二项式系数的和为p ,各项系数的和为q ,且q p =+6430,则n 的值为________11、若函数xx x f 4)(2+=在],1[a 上的值域为]5,4[,则a 的取值范围是_______ 12、设函数)(1)(Q x x f ∈+=αα的定义域为],[],[b a a b --,其中b a <<0;若函数)(x f 在区间],[b a 上的最大值为5,最小值为2,则)(x f 在区间],[a b --上的最大值与最小值的和为_______13、已知C B A ,,是某个三角形的三个内角,给出下列四组数据:(1)C B A sin ,sin ,sin ;(2)C B A 222sin ,sin ,sin ;(3)C B A sin ,sin ,sin ;(4)C B A sin 1,sin 1,sin 1分别以每组数据作为三条线段的长,其中一定能构成三角形的数组的序号是_________14、设函数)(x f 的定义域为D ,]3,0[π⊆D ,它的对应法则为x x f sin :→,现已知)(x f 的值域为⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧1,21,0,则这样的函数共有_______个 二、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)15、“)(32Z k k x ∈+=ππ”是“23sin =x ”成立的 ( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件16、现有5个人排成一排照相,其中甲、乙两人不相邻的排法的种数为 ( )A. 6B. 36C. 72D. 11617、如图,有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器,容器高8cm ,将一个球放在容器口,再向容器内注水,当球面恰好接触水平时测得水深为6cm ,如果不计容器的厚度,则球的体积为 ( )A.33256cm π B. 33500cm π C. 33866cm π D. 331372cm π 18、德国著名数学家狄利克雷在数学领域成就显著,以其名命的函数⎩⎨⎧∈∈=QC x Q x x f R 01)(被命名为狄利克雷函数,其中R 为实数集,Q 为有理数集,则关于函数)(x f 有如下四个命题:(1)函数)(x f 存在反函数; (2)函数)(x f 是偶函数;(3)取一个不为零的有理数T ,)()(x f T x f =+对任意的R x ∈恒成立;(4)存在三个点()()())(,,)(,,)(,332211x f x C x f x B x f x A ,使得ABC ∆为等边三角形,其中真命题的个数是 ( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4三、解答题(74分)19、(6+6=12分)如图,在四棱锥ABCD P -中,底面ABCD 是矩形,⊥PA 平面ABCD ,2==AD PA ,1=AB ,E 是PB 的中点;(1)求证:BC PB ⊥;(2)求异面直线EC 和AD 所成的角(结果用反三角函数值表示):20、(8+6=14分) 已知在()nx x 3+的二项展开式中,第三项的二项式系数为66;(1)求二项展开式中所有的有理项;(2)在二项展开式的所有项中选出5项,要求选出的5项中至少有2项是有理项,共有多少种不同的选法?如图,某小区准备在长为8千米的道路OP 的一侧修建一条市民健身跑道,跑道的前一部分为曲线段OSM ,该曲线段为函数)0,0(sin >>=ωωA x A y ,]4,0[∈x 的图像,且图像的最高点为)32,3(S ,跑道的后一部分为折线段MNP ,这保证市民健身的安全,限定32π=∠MNP ;(1)求P M ,两点间的直线距离;(2)求折线段跑道MNP 长度的最大值;设常数R a ∈,已知函数aa x f x x -+=22)(为奇函数; (1)求实数a 的值;(2)判断函数)(x f 在定义域上是否为增函数?并证明你的结论;(3)若0<a ,设⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=k x x g 1l og 2)(2,且不等式)()(1x g x f ≤-在区间⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡21,31上恒成立,求实数k 的取值范围;对于函数)(x g ,若存在函数)(x f 和常数a ,使)()()(α+=x f x f x g 成立,则称)(x g 是由)(x f 生成的;(1)设x x x g x x g cos sin )(,2cos )(+==,求证:)(x g 可由)(x f 生成;(2)已知)(,212)(x g x f x x +=由)(x f 生成,若)(x g 的最小值为6,求常数α的值; (3)已知)(,)(x g x x f =是由)(x f 生成的,若对任意]1,1[,21-∈x x ,有4)()(21≤-x g x g ,求α的取值范围;。
上海市杨浦区高三(上)期中语文试卷含答案
高三(上)期中语文试卷一、选择题(本大题共2小题,共7.0分)1.下列各项中没有歧义的一句是()A. 每周一的早晨,我们都能看见校门一边站着一位同学,迎接师生们入校.B. 她是传奇人物,她是脱口秀女王,她的故事讲不完.C. 暑假期间,两个师范大学的女生自愿前往贵族苗寨担任指导教师.D. 局里刚到一批保密材料,为保证材料安全,他只能在机要室阅读.2.秋日午后,满园桂香,你信步其中,哪句诗描绘此时景物最合适()A. 绿玉枝头一粟黄,碧纱帐里梦魂香,晓风和月步新凉B. 桂子月中落,天香云外飘,霜薄花更发,冰轻叶未凋C. 暗淡轻黄体性柔,情疏迹远只香留D. 南中有八树,繁华无四时,不识风霜苦,安知零落期二、语言表达(本大题共1小题,共6.0分)3.按要求填空:(1)不应有恨,______?(苏轼《•明月几时有》)______(2)荀子在《劝学》中提倡学习贵在坚持,即使天资再好,也不能一蹴而就:______ ,______。
(3)李白在《梦游天姥吟留别》中描绘天姥山夜间猛兽震憾人心的吼声:______ ,______。
三、现代文阅读(本大题共2小题,共31.0分)4.阅读下文,完成下列各题。
上帝、数据和故事(有删改)(1)关于“大数据”的名言:“除了上帝....,任何人都必须用数据来说话。
”(2)在这句话中,大数据俨然成了一个新的“上帝”,人容易在如此理解里被大数据所管控,不时地失去自我主体位置,最终导致认知和改造世界的迷惘与失误。
(3)通俗理解,“大数据”即是“大量”的数据。
它解决了以往小部分数据时,必须由局部去推测整体的困难。
如在大海航行时,航行者发现冰山一角,以往必须借助某种“算法”,去推测冰山的大小;在冰山“大数据”可得到时,整个冰山便容易把握,航行者不需要任何“算法”去推测。
而且,如果数据可以“大”到无所不包的“全量”时,人类就能够大大地提高趋利避害的准确性。
试想,当你一眼就看清全部冰山,你自然就能够准确地安全航行。
2017年上海高三语文一模汇编.各区作文题目
2017年徐汇区高三一模语文试题二、写作(70分)26.根据一下的材料,自拟题目写一篇不少于800字的文章。
慈善借助移动互联网由“小众慈善,大众围观”快速进入到“人人慈善,慈善人人”的时代,但人们在热情参与中不时感到与“慈善快乐又利他”的初衷存在差距,对于“互联网+慈善”的现状,人们的思考与应对不尽相同。
2017年奉贤区高三一模语文试题三、写作(70分)27.“趋利避害”是人生的一种常见形态,由于内容和方式等的差异,往往会有层次的区别。
请写一篇文章,就这一类现象谈谈你的思考与认识。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
2017年金山区高三语文一模卷第三部分写作(70分)28.根据以下材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章(不要写成诗歌)心理学家罗洛梅说:焦虑是人类面对威胁,希望创造自我的正常状态。
在这样一个高速发展的时代,焦虑的人才是真的健康,感受到时代脉搏的人”然而,在显示生活中,人们似乎更愿意规避“焦虑”,不断寻求化解“焦虑”的方法。
2017年普陀区高考一模三、写作(70分)27、阅读下面的材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章。
善恶或是非之间的选择根本不是什么选择。
真正的选择是两难的选择。
它发生于两种情境。
一是不可调和的两善取其一的选择:从选择者的视角看,两个事物都是他所欲者,他两者都想要,但环境只能二者择一。
二是两恶取其轻的选择:从选择者的视角看,两个事物都是他所不欲者,他一个都不想要,但环境迫使他必须二者择一。
面对“两难之择”,你会作怎样的思考,作出怎样的决定?闵行区2017学年第一学期高三年级质量调研二写作 70分32. 阅读下面材料,根据要求作文。
微信,作为时下最流行的网络社交工具,以其便捷、互动等特点被人们喜爱和追捧。
在朋友圈里点“赞”已成为一种普遍现象。
“赞”本为赞美之意,但在实际应用中却被人们赋予了更多的含义。
对于这种在微信中点“赞”的现象,人们的看法不尽相同,请写一篇文章,谈谈你对这种现象的思考。
【月考试卷】上海市杨浦区2017届高三上学期期末质量调研(一模)语文试题 Word版含答案
杨浦区2017届高三一模语文试卷(满分150分,时间150分钟) 2016年12月一阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1-6题。
(17分)中国社会科学网讯(记者曾江通讯员郑远)9月29日,2016中国艺术品产业创新暨艺术品投融资高峰论坛在北京宋庄召开,论坛上发布了中国文化产业智库研究中心出品、西沐主笔的《中国艺术品产业发展年度研究报告[2015]》。
据悉,这是我国首份关于中国艺术品产业发展的年度研究报告。
中国艺术品产业已经成为一个重要的新的发展业态,是中国文化产业发展的重要组成部分,是中国艺术品市场发展到一定阶段的必然结果,更是中国艺术品市场转型及上台阶、扩规模的前提与重要动力。
中国艺术品产业的快速发展,也是我国文化建设与文化大发展大繁荣的必然要求。
中国艺术品产业的发展,引起了人们越来越多的关注与重视,相关的前沿理论与实践前沿为中国艺术品产业的理论与实践提供了支撑与引导,产业的发展需要更多的研究、探索,《中国艺术品产业发展年度研究报告》就是在这个背景下出研究、编制与发布的。
研究报告的主体部分分为概述,艺术品市场与艺术品产业,中国艺术品产业的概念、构成、特点与意义,中国艺术品产业发展的现状、问题与趋势,中国艺术品产业发展的阶段、规模与结构分析,中国艺术品产业发展的战略方向,中国艺术品产业管理分析,中国艺术品产业支撑体系分析,对策与建议,结束语等十个部分。
报告全文十余万字。
报告反映,中国艺术品产业的体系构成,概括地讲也可以划分为以下几个大的类型:(1)书法艺术品产业;(2)美术艺术品产业;(3)工艺艺术品产业;(4)民间(非遗)艺术品产业;(5)古董杂项艺术品产业;(6)以版权为中心的衍生艺术品产业;(7)艺术品服务产业;(8)艺术品产业的支撑体系;(9)艺术品产业的生态体系。
中国艺术品产业的规模分为三个不同的层次,即核心层、外围层与辐射层。
根据现有条件,研究报告仅对中国艺术品产业的核心层进行了相应的规模分析,据统计估算,2015年中国艺术品产业规模为8020亿元。
上海市杨浦区2017学年度第一学期期末初三质量调研语文试卷(含详细答案)
上海市杨浦区2017学年度第一学期期末初三质量调研语文试卷(满分150分考试时间100分钟) 2018年1 月[考生注意:本卷共有27题。
请将所有答案写在答卷上,写在试卷上不计分]一、文言文阅读(共40分)(一)默写(15分)1.当年万里觅封侯,。
(《诉衷情》)2.,此日中流自在行。
(《观书有感(其二)》)3.,铁马冰河入梦来。
(《十一月四日风雨大作》)4.一狼洞其中,。
(《狼》)5.盖一岁之犯死者二焉,。
(《捕蛇者说》)(二)阅读下面的词,完成6—7题(4分)天净沙·秋孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦,一点飞鸿影下。
青山绿水,白草红叶黄花。
6.下列判断正确的一项是()(2分)A.本曲作者为元代杂剧家白朴B.本曲题目为“天净沙·秋”C.本曲被誉为“秋思之祖”D.本曲被视为“元人小令最佳”7.下列对这首词理解不.恰当..的一项是()(2分)A.本曲通过对十二种景物的描绘,含蓄地表达作者情感变化过程。
B.本曲描写景物既有动景又有静景,可谓是动静结合,相得益彰。
C. 本曲描写景物由远及近,通过视角的变化,多层次地铺排秋意。
D. 本曲一扫传统诗词悲秋格局,展现了秋日璀璨斑斓的丰富色调。
(三)阅读下文完成8—10题(9分)桃花源记(节选)林尽水源,便得一山。
山有小口,仿佛若有光。
便舍船,从口入。
初极狭,才通人。
复行数十步,豁然开朗。
土地平旷,屋舍俨然,有良田、美池、桑竹之属。
阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。
其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人。
黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。
见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来,具答之。
便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。
村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。
自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。
问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。
此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。
余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食。
停数日,辞去。
此中人语云:“不足为外人道也。
”8.本文作者是时期著名诗人。
(2分)9.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子(3分)此中人语云:“不足为外人道也。
2017年上海高三语文一模汇编.各区作文题目
2017年徐汇区高三一模语文试题二、写作〔70分〕26.根据一下的材料,自拟题目写一篇不少于800字的文章。
慈善借助移动互联网由“小众慈善,大众围观”快速进入到“人人慈善,慈善人人”的时代,但人们在热情参与中不时感到与“慈善快乐又利他”的初衷存在差距,对于“互联网+慈善”的现状,人们的思考与应对不尽相同。
2017年奉贤区高三一模语文试题三、写作〔70分〕27.“趋利避害”是人生的一种常见形态,由于内容和方式等的差异,往往会有层次的区别。
请写一篇文章,就这一类现象谈谈你的思考与认识。
要求:〔1〕自拟题目;〔2〕不少于800字。
2017年金山区高三语文一模卷第三部分写作〔70分〕28.根据以下材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章〔不要写成诗歌〕心理学家罗洛梅说:焦虑是人类面对威胁,希望创造自我的正常状态。
在这样一个高速发展的时代,焦虑的人才是真的健康,感受到时代脉搏的人”然而,在显示生活中,人们似乎更愿意躲避“焦虑”,不断寻求化解“焦虑”的方法。
2017年普陀区高考一模三、写作〔70分〕27、阅读下面的材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章。
善恶或是非之间的选择根本不是什么选择。
真正的选择是两难的选择。
它发生于两种情境。
一是不可调和的两善取其一的选择:从选择者的视角看,两个事物都是他所欲者,他两者都想要,但环境只能二者择一。
二是两恶取其轻的选择:从选择者的视角看,两个事物都是他所不欲者,他一个都不想要,但环境迫使他必须二者择一。
面对“两难之择”,你会作怎样的思考,作出怎样的决定?闵行区2017学年第一学期高三年级质量调研二写作 70分32. 阅读下面材料,根据要求作文。
微信,作为时下最流行的网络社交工具,以其便捷、互动等特点被人们喜爱和追捧。
在朋友圈里点“赞”已成为一种普遍现象。
“赞”本为赞美之意,但在实际应用中却被人们赋予了更多的含义。
对于这种在微信中点“赞”的现象,人们的看法不尽相同,请写一篇文章,谈谈你对这种现象的思考。
杨浦区高三上学期语文第一次月考试卷
杨浦区高三上学期语文第一次月考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共1题;共6分)1. (6分) (2017高一下·江苏期中) 景新中学耘梦文学社将组织“与作家零距离”系列活动,请你参加。
(1)【我与同学谈作家】文学社成员搜索到下面这则消息,请你拟写一个合适的标题。
(不超过20个字)当地时间4月4日14时50分(北京时间20时50分),在第53届意大利博洛尼亚国际童话书展上,2016年“国际安徒生奖”正式揭晓,中国儿童文学作家曹文轩获得该奖项,这是中国作家第一次获得该奖项。
曹文轩曾创作了《草房子》《青铜葵花》《火印》等作品。
在揭晓现场,曹文轩本人也很高兴。
国际安徒生奖评委会主席帕奇·亚当娜称曹文轩“用诗意如水的笔触,描写一些生活中真实而哀伤的瞬间”(2)【我与作家面对面】文学社准备于5月8日在报告厅举行“我与作家面对面”访谈活动,想邀请作家曹文轩老师参加,请你以文学社名义拟写一份请柬。
二、现代文阅读 (共3题;共27分)2. (6分) (2016高二上·铅山期中) 阅读下面的文字,完成后面各题。
小词在初起时本来是歌筵酒席之间的艳歌。
因为它篇幅短小,而且人们对它轻视,所以称它作小词。
但是这种艳歌小词却很妙,它有一种特殊的美感特质,跟诗是不一样的。
诗是言志的,是它本身的情意内容就有一份感动你的地方。
比如杜甫《闻官军收河南河北》曾云:“剑外忽传收蓟北,初闻涕泪满衣裳”,这当然是非常令人感动的作品;可是,它们使读者感动的原因,是杜甫本身博大深厚的感发力量所致。
小词则不然。
在我看来致使小词意蕴丰富起来的原因,一种是“双重性别”的作用。
比如《花间集》中的作者都是男性,而他们所写的那些形象、情思和语言却都是女性的,这种“双重性别”的现象,就容易引发读者丰富的言外联想。
如果换作一个女性作者写她的对镜梳妆,那就是非常现实的动作行为。
杨浦区高一上学期语文期中考试试卷
杨浦区高一上学期语文期中考试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共2题;共8分)1. (6分)(2016·丽水模拟) 请按要求答题。
(1)某校高二(1)班新建一个名为“我思故我在”的班级微信群,请你拟写一条体现“群名内涵”的标语发在群公告栏,不超过20字。
(2)王强同学在微信群里发了一个帖子,请你@王强,谈谈你的看法。
王强各位同学,我在网上看到这样一则材料:某职校一名学生开微店创业,每月利润颇丰,但因此经常旷课。
学校经过讨论最终未让他退学,并根据他的兴趣定制了一张个性化课表,帮助其完成相关学业。
我想听听大家对学校这样做的看法。
2. (2分)(2018·聊城模拟) 下列各句中,表达得体的一句是()A . 这次座谈会是临时性的,不作记录,请大家针对昨天发生的事情发表看法,千万不要客气,姑妄言之即可。
B . 受害家属非常感动,对交警说:“如果没有你们帮助,令堂就得不到及时救助,凶手还会逍遥法外,谢谢你们!”C . 爸妈,你们就不要再奉劝我了。
我也知道你们都是替我着想,但是我真的不喜欢报考师范院校,我想当律师。
D . 真不巧得很,前两天他们夫妇才辞职另有高就,听说去了东北的一所高校,你来之前应该先和他们联系一下。
二、现代文阅读 (共2题;共18分)3. (6分)阅读重在引领贵在自觉仲呈祥从去年开始,一部不趋时、不媚俗的被称为“三无”(无女角色、无婚外恋、无明星偶像)的电视剧《士兵突击》火爆荧屏,并持续到了今年,引发了一种蔚为壮观的社会文化现象:从电视台的文化类谈话节目到大学生论坛,从部队到工厂、机关和社会大众,人们都在议论“许三多艺术形象”的审美价值。
一部文艺作品引发一种波及上亿观众主动参与的社会文化现象,这在当下并不多见、且值得珍视。
彪炳人类文艺史册的古希腊喜剧游乐活动,参与者不过数以万计,而今凭着现代传媒优势的电视剧艺术,得到了具有欣赏章回小说和连台本戏剧艺术传统的中国人的青睐。
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杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三期中质量调研语文学科试卷(答案做在答题卡上)(满分150分,时间150分钟)2017年11月一、积累应用(10分)1.根据提示填空。
(6分)(1)不应有恨,_______________?(苏轼《_________·明月几时有》)(2)荀子在《劝学》中提倡学习贵在坚持,即使天资再好,也不能一蹴而就:_________,___________。
(3)李白在《梦游天姥吟留别》中描绘天姥山夜间猛兽震憾人心的吼声:_____________,_________________。
2.按要求选择。
(4分)(1)下列各项中没有歧义的一句是()(2分)A.每周一的早晨,我们都能看见校门一边站着一位同学,迎接师生们入校。
B.她是传奇人物,她是脱口秀女王,她的故事讲不完。
C.暑假期间,两个师范大学的女生自愿前往贵州苗寨担任指导教师。
D.局里刚到一批保密材料,为保证材料安全,他只能在机要室阅读。
(2)秋日午后,满园桂香,你信步其中,哪句诗描绘此时景物最合适()(2分)A.绿玉枝头一粟黄,碧纱帐里梦魂香,晓风和月步新凉。
B.桂子月中落,天香云外飘,霜薄花更发,冰轻叶未凋。
C.暗淡轻黄体性柔,情疏迹远只香留。
D.南中有八树,繁华无四时,不识风霜苦,安知零落期。
二、阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成第3—8题。
(17分)上帝、数据和故事(有删改)(1)关于“大数据”的名言:“除了上帝....,任何人都必须用数据来说话。
”(2)在这句话中,大数据俨然成了一个新的“上帝”,人容易在如此理解里被大数据所管控,不时地失去自我主体位置,最终导致认知和改造世界的迷惘与失误。
(3)通俗理解,“大数据”即是“大量”的数据。
它解决了以往小部分数据时,必须由局部去推测整体的困难。
如在大海航行时,航行者发现冰山一角,以往必须借助某种“算法”,去推测冰山的大小;在冰山“大数据”可得到时,整个冰山便容易把握,航行者不需要任何“算法”去推测。
而且,如果数据可以“大”到无所不包的“全量”时,人类就能够大大地提高趋利避害的准确性。
试想,当你一眼就看清全部冰山,你自然就能够准确地安全航行。
可见,大数据特别是“全量”的数据具有直观、结构清晰的特点,人类通过它,能够迅速把握事物的整体、相互关系和发展趋势。
毫无疑问,大数据是人类一种功能强大的工具。
(4)“功能强大”常常是被人们夸大的基础,而夸大的最高境界就是将被夸者置于神龛之上。
当大数据经拥戴走向登峰造极时,它作为人的工具的特性便急剧弱化;相应地,它被赋予了某种超越工具的特性,大有替代人作为主体的部分作用。
收集数据也好,分析数据也罢,特别是使用数据,本来都是人作为数据的主宰者所为。
然而,大数据的神化,让这一切转化成了人在数据之下的被动适应—收集的数据越“大”,事物的直观性、整体性就越强,发展的趋势似乎就越容易把握,问题的解决办法似乎就越明了,数据自身的主体功能似乎就越发突出,人对数据的使用就越容易被数据对人的指挥所替代;而数据的指挥越是强势,人就越容易屈从于数据的管控,这又会刺激起人们更多地去收集“更大”的数据,进而叠加性地加固数据对人的指挥。
在这样的格局之下,人退居于次位。
(5)这不是一种逻辑演论。
在现实生活中使用“大数据”的人们,已经有了“宁可相信数据,也不相信人”的初步理念。
例如,一些公司招聘新员工时,完全依赖于各种类型的考试成绩单和就读学校、学历、学位等组成的“大数据”,“准”比尔·盖茨、乔布斯类人士,肯定进入不了选择范围。
在法律界,用“大数据”来分析人的犯罪倾向,并预测犯罪行为,提前给予监控,这实际上是对未来的犯罪可能而非实际犯罪行为进行惩罚,显然有损于人的尊严;犯罪学上有“犯罪性”和“犯罪”的区分,前者只是犯罪心理倾向,大量存在于人们之中,并非只有犯罪的人才有,即使用“大数据”分析某人的犯罪性,也不能认定犯罪行为一定发生。
过于绝对地依赖和笃信数据,不仅在具体事项里会出差错,重要的,是人的主体性被侵犯,不论他们是招聘者还是被招聘者,也不论他们是“犯罪”的怀疑者还是被怀疑者。
这些情况正符合西方人关于人的“异化..”之说。
(6)其实,就人类说话的方式而言,除了数据,我们还有故事。
故事和数据的不同,在于数据很大程度上是已经存在甚至于记录下来了的真实信息,而故事则可能含有前者,却还可以去“虚构”或是“创造”。
人类社会的历史表明,人们的交流和交往,少不得数据,也少不得故事。
有时候,故事的重要,还在数据之上。
(7)人类历史的宝贵财富《圣经》,它就是由故事组成的。
其中有数据,有他类信息,更有某种“上帝”赋予人类的精神期盼—实质是人类对于自我的认知和价值理念创设,或者说,是人类精神世界里的一种意识形态构建。
正是这样的构建,创造了西方世界的文明史基础。
《圣经》的历史地位高度,自不待言。
(8)华夏文明的历史何尝不是如此?包括黄仁宇先生在内的许多历史学家,只能依据历史留下来的有限资料或“数据”,去分析、推测甚至于想象历史的过程,构建某种历史观或是意识形态。
我们当下看到的华夏文明史,有真实的历史记录,更多的则是历史“故事”的创造。
在某种意义上讲,历史中的大多数细节,不是历史中人的言行自然记录,一定是他人或史家的推测或“虚构”。
延续着中华数千年文明历史的传统或价值观,并不因为这些“虚构”而失色。
相反,正是它们,组合成了较为清晰的文明色谱,让后人承接了文化的精髓而繁衍了强大的华夏民族。
(9)现代计算机、网络、传感和移动等技术的飞速发展,创造出了大数据的时代。
当下人类历史的许多细节,已经被有形和无形中存在的设施所自动记录,并且由庞大的存储系统保留下来,不再需要史家的“虚构”。
____________________________________________。
(10)从纯粹技术的角度讲,这是可能的。
可以想象,当人类一切的言行,自然界的所有变化,都能够时时刻刻地被传感器、移动网络和存储设备所收集时,历史本身的“大数据”就已经集合起来,“虚构”历史细节的空间就没有了。
(11)然而,即使是史家完全没有必要去“虚构”历史,也无法不去“创造”由史而来的价值观、信仰或是在精神层面上完善一个民族、一个国家,甚至于整个人类社会生存和延续的正向理念。
现代的数据可以是很大,大到足以让人看清经历的所有细节,但它们不会自动地生成价值评说和善恶区分,更不会自动形成某种意识形态。
由大数据组成的历史经历,有其自身的存在逻辑,却未必是人类走向未来的合理存在,如一味追求经济速度的发展经历,并不表明人类美好未来会在此种速度下到来。
只有人类自身和谐、圆融地发展,与大自然和谐共存,才是人类的长久发展之道。
当历史的细节不需要“虚构”时,人类历史的信仰和价值观,仍然还是需要创造的。
事实上,以往史家“虚构”历史细节,根本不是就“虚构”而为,而是冲着信仰和价值观来的。
3.第(1)段中加点词语在文中的作用是__________________________________。
(2分)4.第(5)段中“异化”在文中的含义是__________________________________。
(2分)5.第(6)段中提到“有时候,故事的重要,还在数据之上”,阅读后文,请说明理由。
(2分)6.第(9)段的横线处,作者提出了一个问题,下列各项中最恰当的一项是()(3分)A.如果这样,我们是不是可以认为,“虚构”的就不是历史?B.然而是不是虚构一旦没有了,数据就会成为值得信赖的“历史学家”?C.然而是不是技术手段的进步,最终会将人类社会的一切都自动记录下来,从而消灭史家的“虚构”呢?D.如果这样,我们是不是可以认为,历史学家有消失的必要呢?7.下列各个选项中,人类对数据的认知,表述错误的一项是()(3分)A.在“大数据”的认知问题上,对人的主体性的强调,始终应当是第一位的。
B.随着人类技术的发展,“大数据”会成为“全量”数据。
C.由于“量变带来质变”,大数据会使人类的思维方式发生变化。
D.人类使用大数据的方式,正是自身信仰和价值观的体现。
8.请概括本文的行文思路。
(5分)(二)阅读下文,完成第9—12题。
(14分)玩具(1)我有生的第一个玩具是一只红色的小汽车,不足一尺长,铁皮轧制的外壳非常简单,有几个窗但是没有门,从窗间望见一个惯性轮,把后车轮在地上摩擦便能“嗷嗷——”地跑。
我现在还听得见它的声音。
我不记得它最终是怎样离开我的了,有时候我设想它现在在哪儿,或者它现在变成了什么存在于何处。
(2)但是我记得它是怎样来的。
那天可谓双喜临门,母亲要带我去北海玩,并且说舅舅要给我买那样一只小汽车。
母亲给我扣领口上的纽扣时,我记得心里充满庄严;在那之前和在那之后很久,我不知道世上还有比那小汽车更美妙更奢侈的玩具。
到了北海门前,东张西望并不见舅舅的影。
我提醒母亲:舅舅是不是真的要给我买个小汽车?母亲说:“好吧,你站在这儿等着,别动,我一会儿就回来。
”母亲就走进旁边的一排老屋。
我站在离那排老屋几米远的地方张望,可能就从这时,那排老屋绿色的门窗、红色的梁柱和很高很高的青灰色台阶,走进了我永不磨灭的记忆。
独自站了一会儿我忽然醒悟,那是一家商店,可能舅舅早已经在里面给我买小汽车呢,我便走过去,爬上很高很高的台阶。
屋里人很多,到处都是腿,我试图从拥挤的腿之间钻过去靠近柜台,但每一次都失败,刚望见柜台就又被那些腿挤开。
那些腿基本上是蓝色的,不长眼睛。
我在那些蓝色的漩涡里碰来转去,终于眼前一亮,却发现又站在商店门外了。
不见舅舅也不见母亲,我想我还是站到原来的地方去吧,就又爬下很高很高的台阶,远远地望那绿色的门窗和红色的梁柱。
一眨眼,母亲不知从哪儿来了,手里托着那只小汽车。
我便有生第一次摸到了它,才看清它有几个像模像样的窗但是没有门——对此我一点都没失望,只是有过一秒钟的怀疑和随后好几年的设想,设想它应该有怎样一个门才好。
我是一个容易惭愧的孩子,抱着那只小汽车觉得不应该只是欢喜。
我问:“舅舅呢,他怎么还不出来?”母亲愣一下,随我的目光向那商店高高的台阶上张望,然后笑了说:“不,舅舅没来。
”“不是舅舅给我买吗?”“是,舅舅给你买的。
”“可他没来呀?”“他给我钱,让我给你买。
”这下我听懂了,我说:“是舅舅给的钱,是您给我买的对吗?”“对。
”“那您为什么说是舅舅给我买的呢?”“舅舅给的钱,就是舅舅给你买的。
”我又糊涂了:“可他没来他怎么买呢?”那天在北海的大部分时间,母亲都在给我解释为什么这只小汽车是舅舅给我买的。
我听不懂,无论母亲怎样解释我绝不能理解。
甚至在以后的好几年中我依然冥顽不化固执己见,每逢有人问到那只小汽车的来历,我坚持说:“我妈给我买的。
”或者再补充一句:“舅舅给的钱,我妈进到那排屋子里去给我买的。