英语语法Grammar

– S-subject主语，V-verb动词，P-predicative表语，O-object宾语， A-adverbial状语， C-complement补语 – 之所以未用P-predicate谓语代替V-verb动词，一方面是避免谓语P 与表语P混淆，另一方面SVP不能变成SPP
• 并列句是基本句型的组合。并列连词用来连接地位并列的内容作 为句子的同一成分（并列成分）或连接两个及以上独立的句子， 各个句子保持原有基本句型组合（并列句）。 • 复合句是基本句型的组合、变化。关系代词、关系副词、从属连 词置于一个独立句子前，将其降格为一个成分，用于作主语叫做 主语从句，作宾语叫宾语从句，做表语叫表语从句，做同位语叫 同位语从句，做定语叫定语从句，做状语叫状语从句。 （复 合句。非常重要，从句学习点透关键，一次搞定。回归基本句型， 阅读和写作不再有难句 ） • 定语是基本句型的扩展。主语S、宾语O、名词性表语P前/后可 加定语attributive或定语从句attributive clause。 • 被动语态是带宾语的基本句型的变化。 • 倒装句、省略句也是基本句型的变化。
练习：请尝试基本句型变体 1、SV或SVA中的主语用从句 •Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. •It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格 林先生已经到了北京。 •It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出 了。 •Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ 2、SV或SVA中的主语增加定语 They lived in a house facing south.
verb):
现在present ①be:am/is/are ②have (possess, have/has own): ③do (notional verb):do/does ④modal verb: can/may/must/ ought to/need/ dare + do
将来future ①be: will be ②have (possess, own):will have ③do (notional verb): will do ④modal verb: shall/will +do
verb): verb):
had done ④modal verb: /
have/has done will have done ④modal verb: ④modal verb: / /
时态推导
过去将来past future 一 ①be: would be 般 ②have (possess, own): would have ③do (notional verb): would do ④modal verb: should/would +do 过去past ①be: was/were ②have (possess, own): had ③do (notional verb): did ④modal verb: could/might/ needed/dared +do ①be: / ②have (possess, own): / ③do (notional
simple / general
完 ①be: / 成 ②have (possess, 进 own): / 行 ③do (notional verb):
perfect continuous
①be: / ①be: / ②have (possess, ②have (possess, own): / own): / ③do (notional ③do (notional
3、SV或SVA中的主语增加定语从句 •My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
•The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides, never decides.坚持看清 楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。 •The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.
过去past
①be: was/were ②have (possess, own): had ③do (notional verb): did ④modal verb: could/might/ needed/dared +do
现在present
①be: am/is/are ②have (possess, own):have/has ③do (notional verb): do/does ④modal verb: can/may/ must/ought to/ need/dare + do
verb):
现在present ①be:am/is/are ②have (possess, have/has own): ③do (notional verb):do/does ④modal verb: can/may/must/ ought to/need/ dare + do
将来future ①be: will be ②have (possess, own):will have ③do (notional verb): will do ④modal verb: shall/will +do
simple / general perfect
完 ①be: / 成 ②have (possess, own): / ③do (notional verb): would have done ④modal verb: /
①be: / ①be: / ②have (possess, ②have (possess, own): / own): / ③do (notional ③do (notional
verb): verb):
was/were doing ④modal verb: /
am/is/are doing will be doing ④modal verb: ④modal verb: / /
时态推导
过去将来past future 一 ①be: would be 般 ②have (possess, own): would have ③do (notional verb): would do ④modal verb: should/would +do 过去past ①be: was/were ②have (possess, own): had ③do (notional verb): did ④modal verb: could/might/ needed/dared +do ①be: / ②have (possess, own): / ③do (notional
将来future
①be: will be ②have (possess, own):will have ③do (notional verb): will do ④modal verb: shall/will +do
simple / general
时态推导
过去将来past future 一 ①be: would be 般 ②have (possess, own): would have ③do (notional verb): would do ④modal verb: should/would +do 过去past ①be: was/were ②have (possess, own): had ③do (notional verb): did ④modal verb: could/might/ needed/dared +do ①be: / ②have (possess, own): / ③do (notional
•Anyone that wants to succeed must work hard．
•There’s no one works harder than you. 没有比你更 用功的人了。(no one后省去了who)
4、SVA中状语用从句 The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.
English Grammar Intensive Training
Contents
1 2
3 4 5 6
时态推导 基本句型、连词与从句、语态 主谓一致 非谓语动词结构 强调句、倒装句、省略句 虚拟语气、多级修饰、平行结构等
时态推导
过去将来past future
一 ①be: would be 般 ②have (possess, own): would have ③do (notional verb): would do ④modal verb: should/would +do
但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就引出了下 列句型：
△
主语 + 谓语 + 状语：
The meeting lasted for two hours. We walked for five miles. This box weighs five kilos. He lives in Guangzhou. They will be flying to London. They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning. The earth turns around the sun. The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.
基本句型1：SV主+谓 /SVA主+谓+状
主语通常是一个，但是也可以如例5有两个，甚至两个以上都可以 成立。谓语动词也是一个较为普通，但是也可以如例4，5有两个， 甚至更多也能成立。
这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明 “某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或 某物自身怎样运动”。 The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe, drink and eat. 这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语 并非结构上不可缺少的成分。
verb): verb): have/has been doing will have been doing
would have been doing had been doing ④modal verb: ④modal verb: / /
④modal verb: /
④modal verb: /
பைடு நூலகம்
• 英语句子归根结底都是由SV/SVA，SVP，SVO/SVOA，SVOC， SVOiOd五/七种基本句型扩展、变化、组合而来。
verb):
现在present ①be:am/is/are ②have (possess, have/has own): ③do (notional verb):do/does ④modal verb: can/may/must/ ought to/need/ dare + do
将来future ①be: will be ②have (possess, own):will have ③do (notional verb): will do ④modal verb: shall/will +do
simple / general continuous
进 ①be: / 行 ②have (possess, own): / ③do (notional verb): would be doing ④modal verb: /
①be: / ①be: / ②have (possess, ②have (possess, own): / own): / ③do (notional ③do (notional