高中英语必修四unit2语法课件

C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用 动名词与不定式意义不同。 -ing 表示动作已经发生, -to do 表示动作还没发生； I remember posting the letter． I’ll remember to post the letter． I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． Don’t forget to write to your mother． I regret missing the report． I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： • It +be +a waste of time doing • It is/was no good/use doing • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing • There is no doing...无法……; 不允许……
注意: There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事, 在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. There is no need to tell her.
提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由 形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
1）My sister’s being ill made me worried. 2）Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.
e.g.
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking a walking stick = a stick for walking a reading room = a room for reading a writing desk = a desk for writing tiring music = music that is tiring a surprising result= a result that is surprising
指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。
• Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 主语
• He enjoys listening to violin music. 宾语 • China is a developing country. 定语
They heard him singing in the next room.
begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后， 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重 点有些不同, ing表示泛指的动作, to do表示具体的一次性动作。 B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义没有什么不同, 尤其是当主语是 人的时候。
3. 在there be no...结构中作主语, 这种结构 的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。
• There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理 • There is/was no use doing 做……无意义 • There is/was nothing worse than doing
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
1) His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 2) The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze,
二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 1. 只能后接-ing作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。 e.g.
Grammar
The –ing form as the
Subject , Object ，Predictive, Attributive and Object Complement
Have you ever seen these signs?
parking, spitting, littering, smoking
(1)When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. (2)We found the snake eating the eggs.
2) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补 足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.
E. go on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。
3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语
1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip． 2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face． 3) She was very interested in working for our company．
had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the
breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
Leabharlann Baidu
四、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语 后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。 如：
1）I can’t avoid going． 2）Have you considered looking for one special friend? 3）People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
2. 既可接-ing和to do作宾语的动词, 常见的有:
2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之 后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
D. 意义各不相同 try to do (设法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (试试) mean doing (意思是, 意味着) be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较： 动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行 的动作, 不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。 e.g.
1）Teaching English is my job. 2）Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 3）To reach there on time is my task.
1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both
young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine
for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
-ing forms
1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和 数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有 时态和语态的变化。 3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以 作主语、宾语等。
没有比……更糟的 • There is/was no point doing 做……无意义
Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.
1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。
16 hours. 4）Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our
country.
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主 语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。
注：下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以动词要 接-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。
三、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于 被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰 者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者 的动作或状态。
• The music is exciting. 表语 宾语补足语 • We heard her singing in her room. • Being ill, she went back home. 状语
一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如：