先进陶瓷材料概论(英文)第一章
1材料概论 材料科学概论课件 双语
材料科学:
基于现代科学技术，一方面，利用 化学手段研究材料的化学成分、化学键 和合成方法； 另一方面，借助物理学 方法，研究材料性质, 主要根据晶体物 理和固体物理描述材料结构和性能的关 系。
The four basic aspects of materials science and technology
战机
舰船
导弹
高层 建筑
火箭
材料的应用领域
战车 人造 卫星 汽车
高速列车
1.1.2 Classification
Basis of classification: atomic structures nature of chemical bonds: 金属键 Metallic bond 离子键 Ionic bond 共价键 Covalent bond
Materials Science studies:
• 化学组成、化学键、合成方法:
chemical composition, chemical bonds and synthesis methods
• 特性: nature of materials • 结构与性能的关系:
describe the relationship between structure and properties based on crystal physics and solid physics
• Organic polymers: made up of long-chain molecules; are electrical and thermal insulators; are light and easily formable; and the best-known organic polymers are: － poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC); － polyethylene (PE); － polystyrene (PS).
先进陶瓷材料 英语
Advanced Ceramic Materials: Innovations and Applications**Introduction:**Advanced ceramic materials represent a fascinating frontier in materials science and engineering. These materials, known for their exceptional properties, have found applications in a wide range of industries, from electronics and energy to aerospace and healthcare. This article explores the unique characteristics of advanced ceramics, their manufacturing processes, and their diverse applications across various sectors.**I. Characteristics of Advanced Ceramic Materials:**1. **High Hardness and Strength:**Advanced ceramics exhibit remarkable hardness and strength properties, making them suitable for applications where traditional materials may fail. Materials like silicon carbide and boron nitride are known for their exceptional hardness.2. **Low Thermal Conductivity:**Many advanced ceramics possess low thermal conductivity, making them useful for applications requiring thermal insulation. This property is vital in fields such as aerospace, where ceramic tiles are used to protect spacecraft from the intense heat during re-entry.3. **Electrical Insulation:**Ceramics are excellent electrical insulators, making them essential in electronics and telecommunications. Components like ceramic capacitors and insulating substrates play a crucial role in modern electronic devices.4. **Chemical Inertness:**Advanced ceramics often demonstrate high chemical inertness, resisting corrosion and degradation in harsh environments. This property makes them ideal for applications in chemical processing and biomedical devices.5. **Biocompatibility:**Some ceramics, such as alumina and zirconia, exhibit biocompatibility, making them suitable for use in medical implants. Their inert nature reduces the risk of adverse reactions within the human body.**II. Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Ceramics:**1. **Powder Processing:**The majority of advanced ceramics are produced through powder processing techniques. This involves the synthesis of ceramic powders, followed by shaping and sintering to achieve the desired final product.2. **Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD):**CVD is a technique where ceramic materials are deposited onto a substrate from gaseous precursors. This process allows for the precise control of thin-film coatings and the production of intricate shapes.3. **Additive Manufacturing:**Recent advancements in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, have extended to ceramics. This method enables the fabrication of complex ceramic structures with enhanced design flexibility.4. **Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP):**HIP is a technique used to improve the density and mechanical properties of ceramics by subjecting them to high pressures and temperatures. This process reduces porosity and enhances material performance.**III. Applications of Advanced Ceramic Materials:**1. **Electronics and Semiconductors:**Ceramics such as alumina and silicon nitride are widely used in electronic components, including insulating substrates, capacitors, and semiconductor packages.2. **Aerospace Industry:**The aerospace sector utilizes ceramics for applications such as thermal protection systems on spacecraft, turbine blades in jet engines, and lightweight structural components.3. **Medical Implants:**Biocompatible ceramics like zirconia and alumina are employed in medical implants such as dental prosthetics and artificial joints, owing to their durability and compatibility with the human body.4. **Energy Sector:**Ceramics play a critical role in the energy industry, particularly in high-temperature environments. They are used in components for gas turbines, nuclear reactors, and solid oxide fuel cells.5. **Automotive Applications:**Advanced ceramics find use in the automotive sector for components that require high wear resistance and thermal stability, including brake components and engine components.**IV. Challenges and Future Prospects:**1. **Brittleness:**Despite their exceptional properties, ceramics are inherently brittle, limiting their use in certain applications. Ongoing research focuses on developing strategies to enhance the toughness of ceramics.2. **Cost and Manufacturing Complexity:**The production of advanced ceramics can be cost-intensive, and certain manufacturing processes involve complex procedures. Advancements in cost-effective manufacturing techniques are essential for widespread adoption.3. **Innovations in Composite Materials:**Researchers are exploring the incorporation of ceramics into composite materials to harness their unique properties while addressing limitations such as brittleness.4. **Nanotechnology Integration:**The integration of nanotechnology into ceramic materials is an area of active research. Nanoceramics exhibit enhanced properties, and their precise control at the nanoscale opens new possibilities for applications.**Conclusion:**Advanced ceramic materials stand at the forefront of materials innovation, offering a diverse range of properties that make them indispensable across various industries. As research continues to push the boundaries of ceramic science, addressing challenges and unlocking new potentials, these materials will likely play an increasingly pivotal role in shaping the technologies of the future. The versatility, durability, and unique characteristics of advanced ceramics position them as key contributors to advancements in electronics, healthcare, aerospace, and beyond.。
先进陶瓷材料及应用 教学大纲
先进陶瓷材料及应用一、课程说明课程编号：060609Z10课程名称(中/英文)：先进陶瓷材料及应用/Advanced Ceramics and applications 课程类别：学科专业课程学时/学分: 64/4先修课程：大学物理、物理化学、工科化学、材料科学基础适应专业：材料科学与工程（国际班）教材、教学参考书：(1) 张金升、王美婷、许凤秀编著，先进陶瓷导论，北京，化学工业出版社，2006二、课程设置的目的意义通过本课程的学习，了解掌握先进陶瓷材料的物理性能的基本概念、基本原理及应用等，学生将能够理解性能与材料的组成、结构的关系及各性能之间的关联与变化规律，让学生为正确地选择和使用材料、改善材料性能、设计与探索优质新材料提供理论基础。
三、课程的基本要求知识：本课程教学内容包括陶瓷材料的类别、性能特点、结构特征、应用与发展，通过学习能对先进陶瓷材料及其应用具有较全面的了解。
能力：通过本课程的学习，了解掌握无机非金属材料的力、光、电、磁、热等各种物理性能的基本概念、基本原理，学生将能够理解性能与材料的组成、结构的关系及各性能之间的关联与变化规律，让学生为正确地选择和使用材料、改善材料性能、设计与探索优质新材料提供理论基础。
素质：建立性能－结构－工艺密切关联的观念，通过课程中的分析讨论辩论培养分析沟通交流素质，建立材料设计制备到应用的思维模式，提升理解工程管理与经济决策的基本素质。
提升自主学习和终身学习的意识，形成不断学习和适应发展素质。
四、教学内容、重点难点及教学设计基本内容：主要涉及先进陶瓷材料的基本内涵、发展历程、陶瓷结构与陶瓷特性；具体介绍结构陶瓷、电容器陶瓷、铁电压电陶瓷、磁性陶瓷、光学陶瓷、导电陶瓷、半导体陶瓷敏感陶瓷以及陶瓷纤维陶瓷基复合材料；先进陶瓷在高新技术中的应用等。
教学过程中，包含学生分组进行课外研究性学习、设计课题的设计与研究方案，并开展课堂汇报和课堂讨论。
具体教学教学中的重点难点及教学设计见下表：五、实践教学内容和基本要求无六、考核式及成绩评定教学过程中采取讲授、讨论、分析、作业等相结合的方式进行，注重过程考核，考核方式包括：作业、讨论、辩论、课内互动、课外阅读等；过程考核占总七、大纲主撰人：大纲审核人：。
先进陶瓷材料概论(英文)第一章
掌握词汇： biological [,baɪə‘lɑdʒɪkl] 生物的， environmental 环境的， extreme conditions 极端条件， radiation [,redɪ’eʃən]辐射， inorganic [‘ɪnɔr’gænɪk] – nonmetallic 无机非金属， failure [‘feljɚ] mechanisms [’mɛkənɪzəmz] 失效机理， manufacturing 制备， sophisticated [sə‘fɪstɪketɪd] processing technology 精细加工技术， development cycle 研发周期， potential [pə’tɛnʃl]潜力、潜能；电势
掌握词汇： toughness ['tʌfnɪs]韧性，flexibility [,flɛksə'bɪləti]柔韧性，impact [ɪm'pækt] resistance 抗冲击性
陶瓷专业英语单词（模版）
陶瓷专业英语单词（模版）第一篇：陶瓷专业英语单词（模版）陶瓷原料 Ceramic Material白云土 dolomite长石feldspar瓷泥petunse，petuntse，petuntze瓷漆enamel paint，enamel封泥lute高岭土kaolin，china clay硅石，二氧化硅silica，SiO2堇青石cordierite莫来石，红柱石andalusite泥果，坯体clay body 泥釉slip石灰，生石灰，氧化钙lime，calcium oxide，CaO氧化锡tin oxide釉glaze原材料raw material云母mica皂石，块滑石steatite陶瓷类型 Types of Pottery碧玉细炻器 jasper薄胎瓷 thin china彩陶器，釉陶 faience陈设瓷，摆设瓷 display china瓷porcelain，china（China ‘中国’来自‘Chin’‘秦’，在英文中‘中国’和‘瓷’同一单词）赤陶 terracotta，terracotta，red earthenware代尔夫精陶 delft德化陶瓷 Te-hua porcelain，Dehua pottery高温陶瓷 refractory china工业陶瓷 industrial ceramics工艺瓷，美术瓷，艺术瓷art porcelain，art and craft china，art pottery，artistic china 骨瓷 bone china官瓷 mandarin porcelain光瓷 lusterware黑色陶器 basalt裂变瓷 crackled porcelain裂纹瓷 crazed china米色陶器 creamware青瓷 celadon青花瓷 bule and white porcelain轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china日用瓷 household china，table ware软瓷 soft porcelain杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery施釉陶器 slipware炻瓷 stoneware素彩瓷 plain porcelain陶 earthenware陶瓷 pottery无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit，unglazed ware锡釉陶 majolica细瓷 fine china硬瓷 hard porcelain赭色粘土陶器 terra sigillata紫砂 purple granulated，purple sand，工艺技术 Technology 凹雕 intaglio标记 marking玻璃化 vitrify车削 turning成型 forming冲压，冲压花 repousse瓷土加工 clay processing雕刻 carving浮雕 relief隔焰窑 muffle工艺技术 technology硅氧键 silicon-oxygen bond技艺 technique，craft间断窑 intermittent kiln浇铸 casting拉毛 sgraffito连续窑 continuous kilnterra-cotta镂雕、镂空 piercing辘轳车 jigger泥釉彩饰法 trailing碾磨 grinding抛光 burnishing，polishing 破裂 chip 嵌入 inlay切刻 incising筛子 sieve烧制 firing陶瓷科技 ceramics陶轮potter‘s wheel贴花、嵌花appliqué，decal凸雕，底切，拉底，底部掏槽 undercut 细裂纹 craze性能 property压印 impressing窑 kiln印花 stamping釉上彩 overglazed color figure釉下彩 underglazed color figure预加工pre-processing 粘性，粘滞性viscosity，转模片jiggered piece转印 transfer printstiffness装饰décor，decoration其它 Others斑点 speck半透明 translucence，translucency，translucent不渗透的 nonporous不透明的 opaque茶叶罐 caddy单色的 monochrome镀金 gild多色的 polychrome高白 high white，Gaobai工艺品 artware鬼工，鬼爷神工demon‘s work，kuei kung建白材料 construction/building material景德镇 Jingdexhen，Ching-te-chen景泰蓝cloisonné绝缘子 insulator考古学 archaeology可塑的 plastic流变学 rheology琉璃瓦 glazed tile 模型、模特 model模子 mould耐热 heat-proof配方 formula盆栽 bonsai漆器 lacquer work器皿 ware秦始皇陵兵马俑life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb青铜器 bronze work人类学 antropology渗透的 porous手印，指印 finger mark首饰盒 jewel case丝网印刷 silk screen printing四面体 tetrahedral搪瓷，珐琅 enamel陶瓷的 ceramic陶瓷专家，陶瓷艺术家 ceramist陶工 potter瓦 tile 碗 bowl卫生洁具 sanitary ware温度 temperature硬度 hardness釉工 glazier圆块，雕球，瘤 knob砖 brick卫生陶瓷便器 wc pan用于承纳并冲走人体排泄物的有釉陶瓷质卫生器。
2.1 材料概论-陶瓷 双语
32
Ceramic Armour les
34
1.4 陶瓷的发展趋向
纳米陶瓷 nano-ceramic 特性：
原材料粉末 raw materials powder颗粒为纳米级 nano-level grains；
Majority多数 has ionic (in salt compounds) or metallic and nonmetallic elements (as in oxides Al2O3, MgO, SiO2)
主要组分：硅酸盐化合物 在美国，陶瓷泛指硅酸盐材料，又称
为传统陶瓷或普通陶瓷。包括日用陶瓷、 工业用陶瓷、一般玻璃、水泥、耐火材 料等。
3013陶瓷的发展瓷器传统陶瓷高铝质粘土和瓷土的应用釉的发明原料纯化陶瓷工艺的发展陶瓷理论的发展先进陶瓷微米级纳米陶瓷高温技术的发展显微结构分析的进步性能研究的深入无损评估的成就相邻学科的推动外汇是一种以外币表示的用于国际间结算的支付手段
《材料概论》
Introduction to Materials
• Ceramic can be defined as inorganic, nonmetallic materials.
陶器 ---瓷器
表面效果 制作材料 烧制温度 敲击声音
陶器
胎料 普通的粘土
瓷器
瓷土（高岭土）
温度 一般<1000度 一般>1100度
表层 不施釉或低温釉
多施釉
胎体坚固致密，
吸水 胎质粗松，断面 断面基本不吸水，
Advanced Ceramics
Cutting tools
Zirconia toughened alumina 氧化锆增强氧化铝
陶瓷介绍英文作文
陶瓷介绍英文作文英文：Ceramics are a type of material that has been used by humans for thousands of years. They are made from clay and other natural materials, and are often fired at high temperatures to create a hard, durable surface. Ceramics can be found in many different forms, from delicate porcelain vases to sturdy tiles used in construction.One of the things I love about ceramics is their versatility. They can be shaped and molded into almost any form, allowing for endless creativity and expression. For example, I recently visited a pottery studio where I watched a skilled artist create a beautiful vase on the pottery wheel. It was amazing to see how the clay transformed under the artist's hands, and it made me appreciate the artistry and skill that goes into creating ceramics.Another thing that fascinates me about ceramics istheir durability. Unlike many other materials, ceramics are resistant to heat, chemicals, and corrosion, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. For instance, I have a set of ceramic dishes that I use every day, and they still look as good as new after years of use.In addition to their practical uses, ceramics also have a rich cultural history. Many ancient civilizations, such as the Chinese, Greeks, and Egyptians, used ceramics for pottery, art, and even as a form of currency. Learning about the different ways that ceramics have been used throughout history has given me a deeper appreciation for this versatile material.Overall, I think ceramics are truly fascinating. From their versatility and durability to their cultural significance, there's so much to appreciate about this ancient material.中文：陶瓷是一种人类已经使用了几千年的材料。
先进陶瓷材料及进展-第一章概述-PPT课件
系列
材料
特性
用途
纳米陶瓷
纳米氧化物、非氧 化物
超塑性、高韧性
各种高性能 结构零件
低膨胀陶 堇青石、锂辉石、
瓷
钛酸铝
α<2×10-6 ℃-1
耐急冷急热 结构零件
1.2 陶瓷的分类、特性及用途
第一章 概述
表1.4 结构陶瓷的分类、特性和用途(续4,完)
系列
材料
特性
用途
复合 材料
Cf/SiO2、 SiCw/ZrO2
明代以后瓷器传出海外，中国亦被海外人士 以“瓷”（china）作为国名。
1.1 陶瓷的定义和发展历史
陶瓷在人类文明史 上功不可没。人类 最早使用的工具—— 石器，可以说就是 一种最早的天然陶 瓷材料。
第一章 概述
1.1 陶瓷的定义和发展历史
第一章 概述
仙人洞旧石器时代遗址
1.1 陶瓷的定义和发展历史
“黏土经成型后高温烧制而得的坚硬的、遇水 不会分散的致密材料”成为陶瓷最早的定义。
1.1 陶瓷的定义和发展历史
第一章 概述
早期的陶瓷由于烧制温度不高、有一定吸水 率、断面粗糙无光、不透明，被称为陶器。
瓷是在陶的制作工艺基础上，对工艺条件和 原料控制更严格、烧制温度更高所得材料。
1.1 陶瓷的定义和发展历史
Mo2B ZrB
WB6
LaB6
1.2 陶瓷的分类、特性及用途
第一章 概述
二 按陶瓷的概念与用途分类
传统陶瓷,又称普通陶瓷。根据其使用领域的 不同，又可分为日用陶瓷、艺术陈设陶瓷、建 筑卫生陶瓷、化学化工陶瓷、电瓷等。
传统陶瓷以外的广义陶瓷概念中所涉及的陶瓷 材料和制品即为先进陶瓷。
4(部分)introduction to ceramics
4Introduction to Ceramics(工)陶瓷简介Definition定义4The word ceramic, derives its name from the Greek keramos, meaning “pottery”, which in turn is derived from an older Sanskrit root, meaning “to burn”．The Greeks used the term to mean “burnt stuff” or “burned earth”．Thus the word was used to refer to a product obtained through the action of fire upon earthy materials．陶瓷这个词。
它的名称来源自希腊keramos这个单词，意思是“陶器” ，陶器这个词反过来起源于更古老的梵文根，意思是“烧” 。
希腊人用这个词，意思是“燃烧的东西”或“燃烧过的土壤” 。
因此，这个词是用来指通过对泥土材料进行燃烧行为所得的产品。
4 Ceramics make up one of three large classes of solid materials．The other material classes include metals and polymers．The combination of two or more of these materials together to produce a new material whose properties would not be attainable by conventional means is called a composite. Examples of composites include steel reinforced concrete，steel belted tyres，glass or carbon fibre—reinforced plastics (so called fibre—glass resins) used for boats，tennis rackets，skis，and racing bikes．4 Ceramics can be defined as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are typically produced using clays and other minerals from the earth or chemically processed powders. Ceramics are typically crystalline in nature and are compounds formed between metallic and non-metallic elements such as aluminium and oxygen(alumina，Al2 03)，silicon and nitrogen (silicon nitride, Si3 N4) and silicon and carbon(silicon carbide，SiC)．G1ass is often considered a subset of ceramics. Glass is somewhat different from ceramics in that it is amorphous，or has no long range crystalline order．4Most people，when they hear the word ceramics，think of art，dinnerware，pottery, tiles, brick and toilets. The above mentioned products are commonly referred to as traditional or silicate-based ceramics．While these traditional products have been，and continue to be，important to society， a new class of ceramics has emerged that most people are un-aware of．These advanced or technical ceramics are being used for applications such as space shuttle tile, engine components，artificial bones and teeth，computers and other electronic components，and cutting tools，just to name a few．History and Impact on Society4Archaeologists have uncovered man—made ceramics that date back to at least 24000 BC．These ceramics were found in what was formerly Czechoslovakia and were in the form of animal and human figurines，slabs，and balls．These ceramics were made of animal fat and bone mixed with bone ash and a fine clay-like material．After forming，the ceramics were fired at temperatures between 500~800oC in domed and horseshoe shaped kilns partially dug into the ground with loess walls．While it is not clear what these ceramics were used for，it is not thought to have been a utilitarian one．4 The first use of functional pottery vessels is thought to be in 9，000 BC．These vessels were most likely used to hold and store grain and other foods．Ancient glass manufacture is thought to be closely related to pottery making，which flourished in Upper Egypt about 8，000 BC．While firing pottery，the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) containing sand combined with soda and the overheating of the pottery kiln may have resulted in a coloured glaze on the ceramic pot．It is thought that it was not until 1，500 BC that glass was produced independently of ceramics and fashioned into separate items．4 Since these ancient times，the technology and applications of ceramics(including glass) has steadily increased．We often take for granted the major role that ceramics have played in the progress of humankind．Let us look at a few examples of the importance of ceramics in our lives．Modern iron and steel and non—ferrous metal production would not be possible without the use of sophisticated refractory materials that are used to line high temperature furnaces，troughs and ladles．Metals make automobiles，machinery，planes，buildings，and thousands of other useful things possible．Refractory ceramics are enabling materials for other industries as well．The chemical，petroleum，energy conversion，glass and other ceramic industries all rely on refractory materials．4Much of the construction industry depends on the use of ceramic materials．This includes brick，cement，tile，and glass．Cement is used to make concrete which in turn is used for roadways，dams，buildings，and bridges．Uses of glass in the construction industry include various types of windows，glass block，and fibres for use in insulation，ceiling panels and roofing tiles．Brick is used for homes and commercial buildings because of its strength，durability，and beauty．Brick is the only building product that will not burn，melt，dent，peel，warp，rot，rust or be eatenby termites．Tile is used in applications such as flooring，walls，countertops，and fireplaces．Tile is also a very durable and hygienic construction product that adds beauty to any application．4 An important invention that changed the lives of millions of people was the incandescent light bulb．This important invention by Thomas Edison in 1879 would not be possible without the use of glass．Glass’s properties of hardness，transparency，and its ability to withstand high temperatures and hold a vacuum at the same time made the light bulb a reality．The evolution of lighting technology since this time has been characterized by the invention of increasingly brighter and more efficient light sources．By the middle of twentieth century，methods of 1ighting seemed well established——with filament and fluorescent lamps for interiors，neon lamps for exterior advertising and signs，and sodium discharge lamps for streets．Since this time，light—emitting diode(LED)technology has been developed with applications in watches，instrument panel indicators，telecommunications，(optical fibre networks)，data storage(CD technology)，and document production (1aser printers)．4 The electronic industry would not exist without ceramics．Ceramics can be excellent insulators，semiconductors，superconductors，and magnets．It’s hard to imagine not having mobile phones，computers，television，and other consumer electronic products．Ceramic spark plugs，which are electrical insulators，have had a large impact on society．They were first invented in 1 860 to ignite fuel for internal combustion engines and are still being used for this purpose today．Applications include automobiles，boat engines，lawnmowers，and the like．High voltage insulators make it possible to safely carry electricity to houses and businesses．4 The optical fibres have provided a technological breakthrough in the area of telecommunications．Information that was once carried electrically through hundreds of copper wires is now being carried through high—quality transparent silica (glass) fibres．Using this technology has increased the speed and volume of information that can be carried by orders of magnitude over that which is possible using copper cable．The reliability of the transmitted information is also greatly improved with fibre optic fibres．In addition to these benefits，the negative effects of copper mining on the environment are reduced with the use of silica fibres．4 Ceramics play an important role in addressing various environmental needs．Ceramics help decrease pollution，capture toxic materials and encapsulatenuclear waste．Today’s catalytic converters in vehicles are made of cellular ceramics and help convert noxious hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide gases into non—toxic carbon dioxide and water．Advanced ceramic components are starting to be used in diesel and automotive engines．Ceramics’light weight and high—temperature and wear resistant properties，results in more efficient combustion and significant fuel savings．4 Reusable，lightweight ceramic tile make NASA’S space shuttle program possible．These thermal barrier tile protect the astronauts and the shuttle's aluminium frame from the extreme temperatures(up to approximately 1600℃)encountered upon re—entry into the earth’s atmosphere．(Selected from Journal of the American Ceramic Society，by Greg Geiger，1999)。
陶瓷ceramics材料概论
Loose definition : Crystalline solids composed of metallic and nonmetallic materials.
Introduction to materials
Ceramics for final examination
Editors:卜娇娇 苏洁琼 孟梦 马世行 耿玉华 余炜
Ceramics
Introduction
Ceramics can be defined as inorganic,nonmetallic materials.They are typically crystalline in nature and are compounds formed between metallic and nonmetallic elements. Traditional ceramics
Traditional Ceramics Materials
Clays
Refractories (耐火材料)
Glasses
Cement
Abrasives
Taxonomy of Traditional Ceramics Materials Based on Applications
Advanced(new) Ceramics Materials Oxides Nitrides Carbides
Mechanical Properties
Tensile strength:It is often substituted for the tensile modulus of elasticity (拉伸弹性模量) Yield strength:Ceramics do not have a yield strength Hardness:Ceramics have the hardest hardness of the engineering materials Stiffness:Ceramics come out as our stiffest engineering materials Compressive strength:Engineering ceramics have an excellent compressive strength Brittleness:Their greatest weakness is brittleness
第一章+材料科学概论
《材料科学导论》“Introduction to Materials Science”小时))课程类型：专业平台课(54(54小时主讲人：杨振国室407室办公室：先进材料楼407电话：65642523话: zgyang@ 电子信箱:电子信箱电子信箱::本课程主要教学参考书课教参考1. W. F. Smith & J. Hasgemi, Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering (4ed)McGraw Hill and Engineering (4th ed) , McGraw Hill , ed) , McGraw Hill , 20062006 2. 石德珂主编，材料科学基础材料科学基础，机械工业出版社，，机械工业出版社，2003 3. R.W. Cahn, The Coming of Materials Science, Elsevier, 2001化学工业出版社2001注:（中译本)《走进材料科学走进材料科学》》，化学工业出版社, 2001 4. 冯端、师昌绪、刘治国，材料科学导论，化学工业出版社, 20025潘金生仝建民田民波材料科学基础5. 潘金生、仝建民、田民波，材料科学基础，清华大学出版社，2000.46. 胡赓祥、蔡珣主编，材料科学基础，上海交通大学出版社，2000.11课教参考本课程主要教学参考书7. 顾家琳编著，材料科学与工程概论，清华大学出版社，20058. J. P. Schaffer，The Science and Design of EngineeringMcGraw--Hill Companies Inc., 1999Materials，McGraw注:《工程材料科学与设计工程材料科学与设计》》(中译本) ，机械工业出版社，20039. D. R. AskelandAskeland，The Science and Engineering of Materials’9. D. R.9D R The Science and Engineering of Materials’(5th), Nelson , Division of Thomson Limited, 200610. W. D. CallisterCallister，Materials Science and Engineering: an 10. W. D.Introduction, John Wiley & Songs Inc.，200711. Y.W. Chuang，Introduction to Materials Science andEngineering, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007本课程网址：http://10.108.0.74/s/255/t/550/main.jspy第一章材料科学概论材料与物质1.1 材料与物质材料的分类1.2 材料的分类会1.3 材料与社会发展1.4 材料科学与工程1.5 材料科学在工程中的作用1.6 材料科学技术的发展重点1.1 材料与物质●材料是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础, 也是一切科学技术的基础。
Chapter 1-Introduction
印度
OCL India Ltd 营业额
2005年16.5亿卢比（约合人民币2.9亿元）
2006年21.6亿卢比（约合人民币3.8亿元） Tata Refractories Ltd 营业额
2005年 40亿卢比（约合人民币7.0亿元）
2006年 45.5亿卢比（约合人民币8.0亿元）
《无机非金属材料》-耐火材料“绪论”
《无机非金属材料》-耐火材料“绪论”
College of Chemistry & Materials Science
四、耐火材料在国民经济发展中的作用
耐火材料可用作高温窑炉等热工设备的结构
材料、工业用的高温容器和部件（在冶金，
硅酸盐，化工，动力，石油，机械制造等工
业部门中得到广泛应用）。 在我国钢铁冶金及有色金属行业占66.7%；日 本钢铁工业消耗70%的耐火材料。 耐火材料是为高温技术服务的基础材料。
College of Chemistry & Materials Science
耐火材料的一般生产过程
1、原料的加工
提纯和均化
原料煅烧 粉碎和分级 2、配料 各种原料的配合
粒度的配比
极限的确定
《无机非金属材料》-耐火材料“绪论”
College of Chemistry & Materials Science
RHI经营业绩 销售收入：2005年 119940万欧元 2006年 133580万欧元（增11.4%）
总利润： 2005年 9730万欧元
2006年 15790万欧元
2010年:
销售收入： 20亿欧元
《无机非金属材料》-耐火材料“绪论”
College of Chemistry & Materials Science
Lecture_陶瓷材料
性能要求：
1、无毒性，生物兼容性 2、物理和化学稳定性 3、生物亲和性 4、易消毒
5、抗血栓性
14
生物陶瓷分类
1. 生物惰性陶瓷
2. 生物活性陶瓷 3. 生物复合材料
15
生物惰性材料
特点：结构稳定，化学键合力强，具有高机 械强度、耐磨性及化学稳定性。 主要材料包括：氧化铝陶瓷、氧化锆陶瓷等
光学材料；化学材料；生物材料。
12
陶瓷功能材料的改进方法
a.
从材料的组成上直接调节，优化其内在品质，包 括采用非化学式计量、离子置换、加入不同类型 杂质，使不同相在微观级复合，形成不同性质的 晶界层等。 材料的性能，达到获得优质材料的目的。
b. 通过改变外界条件，即改变工艺条件和提高陶瓷
13
生物陶瓷
气敏半导体陶瓷
温敏半导体陶瓷
光敏半导体陶瓷
11
功能陶瓷及其分类
功能陶瓷是指利用电、磁、声、光、热、力学 直接效应及其耦合效应所提供的一种或多种性质来 实现某种应用功能的陶瓷。广泛应用于电子技术、 能源开发、传感技术和生物技术等各个领域。 功能陶瓷通常根据其本征的功能及其主要用途 进行分类： 机械材料；热学材料；电学材料；
台州学院讲稿 2013.10
功能陶瓷材料 Ceramic Materials
1
陶瓷 (ceramics)
2
陶瓷 (ceramics)
3
陶瓷 (ceramics)
非金属材料一般指无机非金属陶瓷材料，主
要包括晶体、陶瓷、玻璃、水泥和耐火材料 等。
陶瓷材料有广义和狭义之分，广义陶瓷即指
无机非金属陶瓷材料，狭义陶瓷包括传统陶 瓷和精细陶瓷。
先进陶瓷英文作文
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Ceramics
Advanced ceramics: high purity, better mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. 掌握词汇： mineral ['mɪnərəl]矿物，refractory [rɪ'fræktəri]耐火材料， cement [sə'mɛnt]水泥， porcelain ['pɔsəlen]瓷器， structural clay [kle] 结构粘土， purity ['pjʊrəti]纯度， mechanical [mɪ'kænɪkəl]机械的、力学的， electrical [ɪ'lɛktrɪkl]电的， magnetic [mæg'nɛtɪk] 磁 的， optical ['ɑptɪkl]光学的.
掌握词汇： toughness ['tʌfnɪs]韧性，flexibility 抗冲击性
[,flɛksə'bɪləti]柔韧性，impact [ɪm'pækt] resistance
掌握词汇：cutting tool 切削刀具， grinding ['ɡraɪndɪŋ] disk 砂轮，wire-drawing['drɔɪŋ] die [daɪ] 拉丝模具， crucible ['krʊsəbl]坩埚
Part I: Introduction to Advanced Ceramics
What is ‘Ceramic’?
Ceramic materials are generally composed of at least two elements: one (or more) metallic element and one non-metallic. Metal oxides (Al2O3, ZrO2, FeO, etc.) are common examples of ceramics, but other compounds such as carbides and nitrides are also included.
Examination
Reference books:
Heimann R.B.-Classic and Advanced Ceramics-Wiley (2010) Qingrui Yin, Binghe Zhu-Microstructure, Property and Processing of Functional Ceramics (2009) Bikramjit Basu, Kantesh Balani-Advanced Structural Ceramics -Wiley-American Ceramic Society (2011) Ashutosh Tiwari, Lokman Uzun-Advanced Functional Materials-Wiley-Scrivener (2015)
by VAMAS ( Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards ; Early and Rook, 2004 ), the ASTM Committee C - 28 on Advanced Ceramics, and the USACA ( United States Advanced Ceramics Association)
掌握词汇： High-temperature stability [stə'bɪləti]高温稳定性， hardness 硬度， corrosion [kə'roʒən] resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]耐腐蚀性， thermal ['θɝml] expansion [ɪk'spænʃən]热膨胀， wear-resistant 耐磨性 ， insulator ['ɪnsəletɚ]绝缘体， semiconductor [,sɛmɪkən'dʌktɚ] 半导体， conductive [kən'dʌktɪv]导电的
掌握词汇： biological [,baɪə‘lɑdʒɪkl] 生物的， environmental 环境的， extreme conditions 极端条件， radiation [,redɪ’eʃən]辐射， inorganic [‘ɪnɔr’gænɪk] – nonmetallic 无机非金属， failure [‘feljɚ] mechanisms [’mɛkənɪzəmz] 失效机理， manufacturing 制备， sophisticated [sə‘fɪstɪketɪd] processing technology 精细加工技术， development cycle 研发周期， potential [pə’tɛnʃl]潜力、潜能；电势
You will learn:
• Advanced ceramics’ structures and properties • The relationship between structure and properties • The manufacturing process of advanced ceramic and their applications
Advanced Ceramics and Applications
先进陶瓷材料及应用
Lecturer: Zidong Zhang
Brief Introduction to Our Course
Course objectives and tasks
Know fundamental concepts in Advanced Ceramics Be able to find and read research paper(written in English)
掌握词汇： ceramic [sə‘ræmɪk] 陶瓷， compose [kəm’poz]组成，element 元素， metallic [mə'tælɪk]金属的， non-metallic 非金属的， metal oxide金属氧化物 ， compound ['kɑmpaʊnd]成分，carbide ['kɑːbaɪd]碳化物，nitride ['naɪtraɪd]氮化物
The term
“ advanced ceramics ” refers to ceramic materials that are:
• highly specialized by exploiting unique electric, magnetic, optical, mechanical, biological, and environmental properties; • performing well under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high stress, high radiation, and high corrosive exposure; • predominantly inorganic – nonmetallic; • relatively expensive, with properties and failure mechanisms not yet fully understood; • capable of solving current manufacturing and use problems; • high value - added products owing to their sophisticated processing technology; • not presently profitable in terms of return of investment ( ROI ), but which offer great promise for the future; and • positioned at the beginning of the development cycle and not yet widely used with respect to their potential.
掌握词汇：cordierite ['kɔrdɪə,raɪt]堇青石(硅酸盐矿物)，titanate ['taɪtə,net] perovskite [pə'rɔvzkait] 钙钛矿型 钛酸盐，calcium ['kælsɪəm] phosphate ['fɑsfet] 磷酸钙, ferrites['fɛraɪt] 铁氧体, Substrate['sʌbstret]基片， Capacitor [kə'pæsɪtɚ]电容，Sensor['sɛnsɚ] 传感器，Laser materials 激光材料，Magnet['mægnɪt]磁铁，Hip joints 髋关节，Bone replacement 骨替代，Mechanical resistance 机械阻力，Surface finish 表面 抛光，Biocompatibility [,baɪokəm,pætə'bɪlɪti]生物相容性
Classification
Classic ceramics: derived and processed from clay or nonclay minerals including refractories, cement, porcelain, and structural clay ceramics.
掌握词汇： Component [kəm'ponənt]组分 Tribological [,traɪbəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl]摩擦 的 Alumina [ə'lumɪnə]氧化铝 Stabilized zirconia [zɚ'konɪə]稳 定氧化锆 Mullite ['mʌlaɪt]莫来石(铝硅酸 盐矿物) Spinel ['spɪnəl]尖晶石(镁铝氧 化物矿物) Silicon ['sɪlɪkən] nitride 氮化硅 SiAlON 塞隆陶瓷 Silicon carbide 碳化硅 Boron ['borɑn] nitride 氮化硼 Titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm] nitride 氮化 钛 Titanium boride 硼化钛