高中定语从句讲义
高中定语从句完整讲解.docx
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词（Antecedent）。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出1.定义定语从句，就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。
关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。
2.从句结构 :包括先行词，关系词和定语。
3.关系词（1）关系代词： that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定语中作主语，宾语，定语，表语 )------ 在句中作成分，说明后面的句子不完整。
（2）关系副词： when,where,why,(在句中作状语 )----- 后面的句子完整。
一．由 that,who,whom 作关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词指人。
1.Do you know the comerade spoke at the meeting yesterday(两者都修饰前面的comerade).2.This is the man(they say) is a good teacher这.(里 who 还做了后面 they say 的宾语，有双重身份，所以不能用 that.)3.This is the teacher I met in the street just now.作(宾语，所以可以省略 )。
4.My cousin,is an engineer, went to America last week.（非限定性定语从句，不能用 that 引导。
）5.先行词是 he, they, those, one, ones, anyone,只能用 who,不能用 that.Anyone breaks the law will be punished.One works hard and without complain is welcome here.6.关系代词指人的先行词（先行词指人）存在于there be 结构中用 who。
高中定语从句讲义(精编)
定语（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
(定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
)2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：特别提示：①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。
②在定语从句中，关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。
③在定语从句中，关系词代替先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。
下面的句子是错误的：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉the book。
)This is the right book that you are looking for it.(应去掉it。
)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语, 不可省略。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩②Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人③Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.④That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
高中定语从句讲义(学生用)
高考定语从句专题讲解（一）定义及相关术语需要理解的概念定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
①数词作定语相当于形容词Two boys need two pens.（two修饰名词boy：two修饰名词pen）/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
②代词或名词所有格作定语His son needs Tom's pen.（his修饰名词son；Tom’s修饰名词pen）/他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。
③介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours 修饰名词pen）/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
④名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.（ball修饰名词pen）/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
⑤副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.（there修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑥不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.（to write this letter 修饰名词boy）/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑦分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
⑧定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.（who修饰名词boy；which 修饰名词pen）/那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
高中数学定语从句语法讲义
高中数学定语从句语法讲义1. 什么是定语从句？定语从句是一个从句，在句中做修饰限制主句中名词或代词意义的作用。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
2. 定语从句的构成定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系代词包括：that、which、who、whom、whose；关系副词包括：where、when、why。
3. 关系代词的使用3.1 that- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰人和事物。
- 既可以修饰名词，也可以修饰整个句子。
- 不能在定语从句中作主语。
- 可以用于修饰指示代词this、that、these、those。
3.2 which- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰事物。
- 不能引导修饰人的定语从句。
- 不能用于修饰指示代词this、that、these、those。
3.3 who/whom- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰人。
- who作主语，whom作宾语。
- 可以用于修饰指示代词this、that、these、those。
3.4 whose- 用来引导限制性定语从句，表示所属关系。
- 修饰名词或代词。
4. 关系副词的使用4.1 where- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰地点名词。
4.2 when- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰时间名词。
4.3 why- 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰原因名词。
5. 定语从句的位置- 定语从句可以放在被修饰名词的前面或后面，取决于具体语境。
6. 例句1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. The house where they used to live is now for sale.5. This is the car whose owner is my neighbor.以上是关于高中数学定语从句的语法讲义。
定语从句在句子中起着修饰限制作用，通过使用不同的关系代词或关系副词来引导，对名词进行补充说明。
Unit 4 定语从句讲义 2021-2022学年外研版高中英语必修第一册
2022外研版英语-新高一-定语从句（专项练习）定语从句-全面解析【教学目标】能准确理解定语从句的定义、构成；关系代词和关系副词的区别【教学重点】定语从句关系代词的选用【教学难点】在复合句中，能正确辨认定语从句，并区别其他从句【教学内容一】定语从句-关系连词分类分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语（可省略）whom人宾语（可省略）which物主语、宾语（可省略）that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose（谁的=adj）whose后必须是名词人或物定语关系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语【教学内容二】关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。
关系副词有when，where，why等。
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：1)由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）2)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。
如：The man whom you met on the street is my father.（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）3)由that引导的定语从句关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。
定语从句 讲义--外研版高中英语必修第一册
定语从句定语: 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语从句是由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词。
其功能相当于形容词，被修饰的名词或代词被称作为先行词。
关系词三功能：连词作用，引导从句；代替先行词；在从句中充当除谓语的一个部分，起一定的句法作用。
关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句The people who/that called yesterday want to buy the house.本句中先行词是the people；关系代词who或that指人，代替the people，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
翻译时可把定语从句译为主句的定语。
翻译: 昨天打电话来的那些人想买这个房子。
The man (whom / who / that) I have to phone lives in Canada.本句先行词为the man，关系代词共有三种表达whom，who，that均可指人，在定语从句中关系代词作宾语时可省略。
翻译：我不得不致电的那人住在加拿大。
注意：关系代词指代的先行词在定语从句中做宾语的时候，关系代词才可以省略，做其他成分的时候不可省略。
She was not in the train which / that arrived just now.本句中先行词是the train，关系代词which / that 均可用于指物，代替thetrain，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
翻译：她不在刚刚到的那列火车上。
This is the book (which / that) you wanted.本句中先行词为the book，关系代词that / which指物，代替the book，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
翻译：这就是你想要的那本书。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.We live in a house whose window opens to the south.whose既可以指人，也可以指物。
高中英语定语从句讲义
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
• Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake . • Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake (主语) • The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is that he was ill. • The reason (that/which ) he gave isn’t believable. （宾语） 关系副词多可变为
定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that,作宾语的一般用whom, who或that，作定语并具有物主性质的用 whose, • 如： I don’t like people who/that get angry easily. Here is the man (whom/who/that) you want to see. • This is the girl whose wallet was stolen yesterday • 限定性定语从句如果修饰物，用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可以省去。作宾语时，如果介词位于关系 代词之前，则用which（不能省去），而不用that,如：Don’t buy potatoes that/which are green The tool with which he is working is called a saw = The tool (that/which) he is working with is called saw.
• This is the place where I grew up. Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状 语
高中英语语法复习讲义——定语从句
高中英语语法复习讲义——定语从句一、定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
高中英语定语从句讲解
定语从句Ⅰ. 概念：(1) 定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句；2) 必在定语从句中担当一个成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）；3）代替先行词。
常用的关系代词: that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) when、why、where 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 关系代词：●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(不能用于非限制性定语从句; that前不能有介词) 如：1.What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 2. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，做宾语时可省略。
如：The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）●who, whom, whose: who:在从句中作主语、宾语，只可指人。
whom:在从句中作宾语，只可指人。
whose:在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
1.All who heard the story were amazed. (先行词是any, those, all,one,ones时用who)2.He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.（宾语）3.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（人）4.I'd like a room whose window faces south. （物）▲关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
初高中定语从句讲义
定语从句（The Attributive Clause）一．总述1.概念：由一对主谓结构来充当句中定语的语言现象；即，是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
2.基本构成形式：名词∕代词+ 引导词+（主语）+ 谓语+ 其他被修饰的词关系词“先行词”3.引导词：4.在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
在口语中，关系副词有时也可省略。
5. 引导词的作用：连接主从句、指代先行词、在从句中作句子成分。
(1)She is a person that\who understands me.(2)The girl that\whom\不填we saw yesterday was Tom’s sister.(3)The noodles that\which\不填I cooked were delicious.(4)She has an uncle whose name is Peter.(5)The room whose window faces south is mine.(6)I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.(7)This is the place where we first met.(8)The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.(9) I still remember the days we stayed in England.(10) I still remember the days we spent in England.(11) This is the village we worked ten years ago.(12) This is the village we worked in ten years ago.6.定语从句类型:限制性定语从句: 修饰主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词，从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；从句与先行词关系紧密，对先行词进行限定、修饰，省去的话，意思不完整。
高中语法定语从句学习讲义
高中英语定语从句学习讲义（一）识别和划出定语从句1.识别定语a clever/handsome boy the boiling water fallen leavesthe book on the desk the man standing over there stories in the Long March2.识别定语从句定语从句的定义：___________作定语, 用于修饰或限定整个主句或主句中的_______或______。
特点: 去掉从句之后, 剩余句子___________。
定语从句中的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词【答案】整个从句；名词；代词；完整e.g.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）先行词：____________________________称为先行词。
上句中______________即为先行词。
关系词：重复______________指代，起连接______________的作用并且在定语从句中充当______________的连词。
上句中的______________即为关系词。
【答案】被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象；ones；先行词；主句和从句；一定成分；that3. 划分定语从句起点：定语从句始于：关系词；介词+关系代词终点：定语从句截止于：______________；特殊符号；句末【答案】第二个谓语动词前【过关检测】划出定语从句1.【★★★】The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】which became his second home.2.【★★★】The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.（2020全国卷2）【答案】who played with puzzles；who did not.3.【★★★】At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills.（2017 济南一中）【答案】who reported the lowest frequency of dating4.【★★★】Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults. （2020全国卷3）【答案】that helps them digest milk as adult5.【★★★】In 2002, Mandela became a public supporter of AIDS knowledge and treatment programs in a culture where the disease had made people feel ashamed.（2018 省实验）【答案】where the disease had made people feel ashamed6·But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.（2020山东）【答案】which increased her weight to 180 pounds.7·The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）【答案】that open further as time8·Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.（2020全国卷2）【答案】who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later9·Johnny also got me thinking about the smaller room that was now my home office.（2018 济南期末）【答案】that was now my home office.10.·We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.（2020全国卷3）【答案】that occurred billions of years ago.11.【★★★】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】that says you should avoid eating with heavier people; who order large portions （份）12.【★★★】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.（二）定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句区别：1.形式上：有无_________；2.意义上：限定性定语从句起_________的作用；非限定性定语从句起_________的作用。
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英语的句子成分及基本结构首先,我们来看一下英语当中词的词性(part of speech)( n.) apple, flower, student, adult, advertisement……这些是_________词(pron.) I, you, we, myself, ourselves……这些是________词( v. ) work, run, read, abandon, beg……这些是__________词( adj. ) excited, important , central……这些是________词, 常用来修饰_______________( adv. ) fast, hard, happily, out, away…这些是________词, 常用来修饰_______________(conj. ) and, but, or, as, when, if…. 这些是_________词, 常用来_______________(prep. ) in, on, at, by, above……这些是_______词, 可以构成短语, 在一个句中做下列成分: This is a book on gardening. (做定语)The book is under the table. (做表语)He has been here since Friday. (做状语)Make yourself at home. (做补语)接下来，我们在了解一下构成一个句子的基本成分有哪些(members of sentences)George is a smart boy from Britain. He likes learning Chinese very much. History is his favorite subject, too. Talking with his Chinese friends online makes him happy.在这几个句子里：George, He, History, Talking with his Chinese friends 是句子中的________.is是句子中的________.like, make是句子中的________.a smart boy, his favorite subject是句子中的________.learning Chinese, him是句子中的________.smart, from Britain, favorite是句子中的________.very much是句子中的________.happy是句子中的________.现在，我们进入正题，看看英语简单句的基本结构有哪些(sentence structures)Today was my first day at my new school. I don’t like the new people around me. When they speak to me I feel very shy, so they misunderstand and think I am unfriendly. In our class the teacher gave us a task --- to stand up and introduce ourselves. I could feel everyone looking at me. I went very red and could only say a few words quietly. The teacher will think I am a bad student, but I work very hard. My problem is that I’m easily embarrassed.. 1 Today was my first day at my new school.主语(Subject) + 系动词(Link-verb) + 表语(Predicative) + 状语(Adverbial)结构1：S + L-v + P + (A)你知道的系动词(Link-verb)有哪些be – am/ is/ are/ was/ wereWhen they speak to me I feel very shy…系动词还包括：(1) 表示“感觉”的feel, look, sound, taste, smell(2) 表示“变化”的become, fall, get, grow, turn，go(3) 表示“保持”的stay, remain, keep(4) 表示“看上去”的appear, seem(5) 表示“证明”的prove. 2 I don’t like the new people around me.主语(Subject) + 谓语动词(Verb) + 宾语(Object) + 状语(Adverbial)结构2：S + V + O + (A)but I work very hard.主语(Subject) + 谓语动词(Verb) + 状语(Adverbial)结构3：S + V + (A)这个句子为什么没有宾语英语中的实义动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两种。
及物动词指的是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词，如：learn, see, study, like….不及物动词/词组指的是后面不能直接跟宾语，也不能用被动语态的动词/词组，如：run, happen, wait, work, take place, run out……* 有些动词，即可以做vt. 也可以做vi.. He often drives very fast. He often drives his friends home.. 4 In our class the teacher gave us a task…状语(Adverbial) + 主语(Subject) + 谓语动词(Verb) + 直接宾语(Direct object) + 间接宾语(Indirect object)结构4：S + V + O1 + O2 + (A)* 第四种结构的句子都可以转化成为第二种结构的句子. In our class the teacher gave us a task…→In our class the teacher gave a task to us…. 5 I could feel everyone looking at me主语(Subject) + 谓语动词(Verb) + 宾语(Object) + 宾补(Object complement)结构5：S + V + O + OC* 其它可以充当宾补的还有：No one likes to keep his room dirty and disorderly. ( 形容词)It’s cold out. Why not invite them in (副词)They named their dog Joe. ( 名词)The teacher had the students doing their homework for a long time. ( 现在分词) I had my hair cut yesterday. ( 过去分词)He asked me to give him a hand. (动词不定式)关于状语状语可以分为以下几种：1.Let’s get together at 7 o’clock. ( 时间状语)2.I met the boy in the library. ( 地点状语)3.He came late because of the heavy rain. ( 原因状语)4.She got to the station to pick up her son. ( 目的状语)5.The young man got up too late to catch the bus. ( 结果状语)6.Will you go to New York by sea or by air( 方式状语)7.If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off. ( 条件状语)8.Despite the heavy rain, he went to look after the old man. ( 让步状语)9.I can’t do anything with you looking at me. ( 伴随状语) 试一试: 你能说出下列划线的部分分别在句子当中担当什么成分吗1.Some of the older students came to our classroom today to talk with us. 目的状语2.They are very enthusiastic and they speak fluently in front of lots of people.表语；地点状语3.I want to be like them. 宾语4.The English teacher always wants me to talk. 宾补5.When I’m sitting at a computer, I don’t feel shy. 时间状语；表语6.I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. 定语7.What she told me seems real. 表语知识延伸：如果在一个英语句子中，作某个特定成分的不再是一个词或者短语，而是一个从句，那么这个含有从句的大句子就叫做复合句。
试一试: 你能辨别下列从句的种类吗1.I don’t know that he has joined the army. ( 从句)2.What he said sounds good. ( 从句)3.My problem is that I’m easily embarrassed. ( 从句)4.He wanted to help the old man who lived next door. ( 从句)5.When the film ended, the people went back. ( 从句)6.Where there is a will, there is a way. ( 从句)7.I’ll speak slowly so that you can follow me. ( 从句)8.He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. ( 从句)9.You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard. ( 从句)10.He’s unhappy, though he has a lot of money. ( 从句)定语从句attributive clause◆英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for-nothing. 不懂装懂，一事无成。