物理专业英语翻译方法分析解析共52页文档
物理专业词汇英语翻译
物理专业词汇英语翻译1/8 fluctuation 1/8 起伏1/f noise 1/f 噪声1/n expansion 1/n 展开3k cosmic blackbody radiation 3k 宇宙黑体辐射4 counter 4 计数器a battery a 电池组a posteriori probability 后验概率a priori probability 先验概率a15 structure a15 结构abbe coefficient 阿贝数abbe invariant 阿贝不变量abbe number 阿贝数abbe prism 阿贝棱镜abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计abbe sine condition 阿贝正弦条件abel theorem 阿贝尔定理abelian group 可换群abelian integral 阿贝尔积分aberage life 平均寿命aberration 象差aberration constant 光行差常数aberration of light 光行差aberrational ellipse 光行差椭圆ablation 烧蚀abm state abm 态abnormal 反常的abnormal cathode fall 反常阴极势降abnormal crystallization 异常晶化abnormal dispersion 异常色散abnormal glow 反常辉光放电abnormal grain growth 反常晶粒生长abnormal liquid 反常液体abnormal reflection 异常反射abnormal series 反常系abrasion 磨损abrasion test 磨损试验abrasives 研磨材料abrikosov's structure of flux lines 阿布里科蓑磁通线结构absence of gravity 失重absolute 绝对的absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute angular momentum 绝对角动量3absolute atomic weight 原子的绝对重量absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute configuration 绝对组态absolute counting 绝对计数absolute electrometer 绝对静电计absolute electrostatic system 绝对静电制absolute error 绝对误差absolute geopotential 绝对位势absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute index of refraction 绝对折射率absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute magnitude 绝对星等absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute motion 绝对运动absolute ohm 绝对欧姆absolute orbit 绝对轨道absolute permeability 绝对磁导率absolute permittivity 绝对电容率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute rest 绝对静止absolute rest frame 绝对静止系absolute rotation 绝对转动absolute scale 绝对度标absolute space 绝对空间absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute system of units 绝对单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absolute thermometer 绝对温度表absolute time 绝对时空间absolute topography 绝对形势absolute unit 绝对单位absolute vacuum gage 绝对真空计absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度absolute weight 绝对重量absolute zero 绝对零度absolute zero point 绝对零度absorb 吸收absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbing medium 吸收媒质4absorptiometer 吸收计absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption cross section 吸收截面absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption equilibrium 吸收平衡absorption factor 吸收因子absorption filter 吸收滤光器absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度表absorption index 吸收指数absorption jump 吸收跃迁absorption limit 吸收端absorption line 吸收线absorption method 吸收法absorption model 吸收模型absorption of sound 声的吸收absorption spectrometer 吸收光谱仪absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱学absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption test 吸收试验absorptive 吸收的absorptive power 吸收本领absorptivity 吸收本领abstract algebra 抽象代数abstract group 抽象群abstract space 抽象空间abstraction 抽象abundance of elements 元素的丰度ac bias 交莲压ac circuit 交羚路ac galvanometer 交羚疗ac voltage 交羚压accelerated motion 加速运动accelerating chamber 加速室accelerating electrode 加速电极accelerating field 加速场accelerating gap 加速隙缝accelerating period 加速周期accelerating slit 加速隙缝accelerating tube 加速管accelerating voltage 加速电压acceleration 加速度5acceleration cavity 加速共振腔acceleration gap 加速隙acceleration of gravity 重力加速度accelerator 加速器accelerometer 加速计acceptance 肯定acceptor 受主acceptor center 受中心acceptor impurity 受钟质acceptor level 受周级access 选取access speed 选取速度access time 选取时间accessibility 可达性accessible point 可达点accessories 附件accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental degeneracy 偶然退化accidental error 偶然误差accidental reflection 偶然反射acclimation 气候驯化acclimatization 气候驯化acclimazation 气候驯化accommodation 第accommodation coefficient 适应系数accommodation of the eye 眼的第accord 和音accreting black hole model 吸积黑洞模型accretion 吸积accretion disk 吸积盘accumulated dose 累积剂量accumulated error 累积误差accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 蓄集accumulation layer 累积层accumulation point 聚点accumulation ring 累积环accumulator 二次电池accuracy 准确度accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy of readings 读数准确度accuracy rating 准确度acetone 丙酮6achondrite 无球粒陨石achromat 消色差透镜achromatic 消色的achromatic color 无彩色achromatic condition 消色差achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatic prism 消色差棱镜achromatic quarter wave prism 四分之一波长消色棱镜achromatic sensation 无色感觉achromatic stimulus 无色剌激achromatism 消色差acid 酸acnod 孤点acoumeter 测听计acount 计算acoustic 声的acoustic absorption coefficient 吸声系数acoustic absorptivity 吸声系数acoustic admittance 声导纳acoustic analysis 声分析acoustic conductivity 声导率acoustic diffraction 声衍射acoustic dispersion 声弥散acoustic disturbance 声扰动acoustic electron spin resonance声电子自旋共振acoustic emission 声发射acoustic far field 远程声场acoustic field 声场acoustic filter 滤声器acoustic fraunhofer field 夫琅和费声场acoustic frequency 音频acoustic fresnel field 非涅耳声场acoustic gravity wave 声力波acoustic image 声象acoustic impedance 声阻抗acoustic instrument 声学仪器acoustic interferometer 声波干涉计acoustic lens 声透镜acoustic line 声传输线acoustic load 声负载acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic measurement 声学量度acoustic microscope 超声显微镜acoustic mode 声学模7acoustic near field 近程声场acoustic nuclear magneticresonance 声核磁共振acoustic ohm 声欧姆acoustic paramagnetic resonance声顺磁共振acoustic power 声功率acoustic pressure 声压acoustic radiator 声辐射体acoustic reactance 声抗acoustic resistance 声阻acoustic resonance 声共振acoustic resonator 声共振器acoustic shadow 声影acoustic signal 声信号acoustic sounding 声学探测acoustic streaming 声风acoustic transducer 声能转换器acoustic transformer 声变换器acoustic velocity 声速acoustic wave 声波acoustic wind 声风acoustical 声的acoustical holography 声全息学acoustical spectroscopy 声谱学acoustically induced birefringence声诱发双折射acoustics 声学acoustimeter 声强计acoustodynamic 声动力学的acoustoelectric amplification 声电放大acoustoelectric effect 声电效应acoustoelectron interaction 声电子相互酌acoustoelectronics 声电子学acoustomagnetoelectric effect 声磁电效应acoustooptic effect 光声效应acoustooptical 声光的acoustooptical modulator 声光灯器acoustooptical q switch 声光q 开关acoustooptical radiospectrometer 声光射电光谱仪acoustooptics 声光学acre 英亩acrobatic metal 特技的金属acryl resin 丙烯酸尸actinic 有光化性的actinic photometer 光化光度计actinic rays 光化射线8actinic value of light 光化度actinides 锕系actinism 光化酌actinium 锕actinium emanation 锕射气actinium series 锕系actinograph 日射仪actinoid nuclei 锕系元素核actinometer 日射表actinometry 辐射测量;光能强度测定actinomorphy 辐射对称性actinon 锕射气action 酌action at a distance 超距酌action centre of the atmosphere 大气活动中心action integral 酌积分action principle 酌原理action spectrum 酌谱action through medium 媒递酌action variable 酌变量activated 激化了的activated adsorption 活性吸附activated atom 激活原子activated molecule 激活分子activating agent 活化剂activation 活化activation analysis 放射化分析activation cross section 放射化截面activation energy 激活能activation method 激活法activator 活化剂active 活性的active carbon 活性炭active current 有效电流active front 活跃锋active galactic nucleus 活动星系核active galaxy 活动星系active hydrogen 活性氢active laser element 激活激光元件active laser spectroscopy 活性激光光谱学active laser substance 激活物质active lattice 放射性栅格active locking 受迫模同步active material 放射材料9active network 有源网络active oxygen 活性氧active power 有效功率active product 放射性产物active prominence 活动日珥active q switching 激活q 开关active sun 活动太阳active volcano 活火山activity 放射性activity coefficient 活度系数activity unit 放射性单位actual 真实的actual load 有效的acumulative temperature 积温acute 尖锐acute angle 锐角acute angled 锐角的acute angled triangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的ada ada 语言adamantine luster 金刚光泽adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive antenna 自适应天线adaptive optics 自适应光学adaptometer 适应测量计adatom 吸附原子add 加add circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器adding element 求和器addition 加法additional 加法的additional code 补码additional heating 附加加热additional mass 附加质量additive 加法的additive group 加法群additive method 加色法additive property 加和性additive theory of numbers 加性数论10additivity 加和性address 地址address part 地址部分address register 地址寄存器adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷adequate 适合的adhere 粘着adherence 附着adhesion 附着adhesive force 附着力adhesives 粘接剂adiabat 绝热线adiabatic 绝热的adiabatic approximation 绝热近似adiabatic atmosphere 绝热大气adiabatic calorimeter 绝热式量热器adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic demagnetization 绝热退磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic exponent 绝热指数adiabatic free expansion 绝热自由膨胀adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic hypothesis 绝热假说adiabatic index 绝热指数adiabatic invariant 绝热不变量adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic magnetic susceptibility 绝热磁化率adiabatic nuclear demagnetization 绝热核去磁adiabatic potential curve 绝热势能曲线adiabatic potential surface 绝热位势面adiabatic principle 浸渐原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic pulsations 绝热脉动adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiabatic theorem 绝热定理adiabaticity 绝热性adiabatics 绝热线adjacent angles 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint differential equation 伴随微分方程11adjoint operator 伴随算符adjoint system 伴随系adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjustable point 可定点adjustment 蝶admissible 容许的admissible error 容许误差admissible value 容许值admittance 导纳admittance matrix 导纳矩阵adsorb 吸附adsorbate 吸附物adsorbed atom 吸附原子adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption capacity 吸附本领adsorption isotherm 等温吸附式adsorption structure 吸附结构advance of periastron 拱线运动advanced potential 超前势advancing wave 前进波advection 平流平移advection fog 平另advective 平聊aeolian tone 风吹声aerial 空气的aerial survey 航空测量aeroacoustics 空气声学aerobiology 高空生物学aeroclimatology 高空气候学aerodone 滑翔机aerodynamic balance 空气动力天秤aerodynamic drag 空气阻力aerodynamic focus 气动力学焦点aerodynamic heating 气动力加热aerodynamic lift 气动升力aerodynamic resistance 空气阻力aerodynamics 空气动力学aerogel 气凝胶aerohypsometer 航空测高计aerolite 石陨星aerological 高空气象学的aerological diagram 高空图解12aerology 高空气象学aeromagnetics 航空磁学aeromechanics 空气力学aerometer 气体比重计aeronautical 航空的aeronautical meteorologicalobservation 航空气象观测aeronautical meteorological station航空气象站aeronautical meteorology 航空气象学aeronautics 航空学aeronomy 高层大气物理aerophysics 航空物理学aeroplane 飞机aeroport 航空航aerosol 气溶胶aerospace science 空间航空科学aerostatics 气体静力学affine 仿射的affine coordinates 仿射坐标affine geometry 仿射几何affine space 仿射空间affine transformation 仿射变换affinity 亲合势affirmation 肯定affix 标出afocal 非焦点的after discharge 后续放电after heat 残热afterglow 余辉afterimage 残留影象aftershock 余震age 陈化age determination 测定年代age equation 年龄方程age hardening 时效硬化age of the moon 月龄age theory 年龄理论ageostrophic wind 非地转风aggregate 聚合体aggregation 聚集aging 时效agonic line 无偏线agreement 一致agricultural climatology 农业气候学agricultural meteorology 农业气象学13agroclimatology 农业气候学agrometeorology 农业气象学agrophysics 农业物理学aharonov bohm effect 阿哈拉诺夫玻姆效应air capacitor 空气电容器air cell 空气电池air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 空气电容器air coolant 冷却空气air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air coordinates 空间座标air current 气流air earth current 地空电流air flow 气流air gap 气隙air glow 气辉air insulation 空气绝缘air ionization chamber 空气电离室air mass 气团air mass analysis 气团分析air mass classification 气团分类air mass modification 气团变性air mass thunderstorm 气团雷暴air monitor 大气污染监视器空气监测器air pocket 气囊air pressure 空气压力air proof 气密的air pump 空气泵air resistance 空气阻力air shower 空气簇射air streamline 空气吝air temperature 气温air thermometer 空气温度表air tight 气密的airborne holography 空中全息照相aircraft observation 飞机观测airplane 飞机airtight packing 气密密封airy pattern 埃里图样airy's disk 埃里斑albedo 反照率albedometry 反射率测定法14alchemy 炼金术alcohol 醇alcohol thermometer 酒精温度表alder transition 阿尔得跃迁aleph zero 阿列夫零alexandrite laser 翠绿宝石激光器algebra 代数algebraic complement 代数余子式algebraic correspondence 代数对应algebraic curve 代数曲线algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic function 代数函数algebraic geometry 代数几何algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数族algebroidal function 代数型函数algevraic 代数的algol 算法语言algol type eclipsing binary 大陵变星algol variable 大陵变星algorithm 算法algorithmic language 算法语言alidade 照准仪aligned nuclei 排列整齐的核;线列核alignment 定向alignment chart 列线图alkali 碱alkali halide 碱金属卤化物alkaline battery 碱性蓄电池alkaline earth metal 碱土金属all weather remote sensing 全天候遥测allende meteorite 艾伦德陨星allobar 变压区allochromatic 假色的allomerism 异质同晶allomorphic 同质异晶的allomorphism 同质异晶allotrope 同素异形体allotropic 同素异形的allotropic modification 同素异形变态15allotropic transformation 同素异形变换allotropy 同素异形allow 容许allowable 容许的allowable error 容许误差allowable stress 容许应力allowable transition 容许跃迁allowed energy band 容许能带allowed line 容许谱线allowed transition 容许跃迁alloy 合金alloy diffused transistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy diffusion transistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy junction 合金结alloy junction diode 合金结二极管alloy junction transistor 合金结型晶体管alloyed steel 合金钢alloyed transistor 合金晶体管almanac 天文年历almost everywhere 几平处处almost periodic function 殆周期函数almucantar 等高圈alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha emitter 发射体alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha particle model of nucleus 核的粒子模型alpha phase 相alpha process 过程alpha radiation 辐射alpha radioactive 放射性的alpha radioactivity 放射能alpha ray spectrometer 谱仪alpha rays 射线alpha spectrum 射线谱alphanumeric 字母数字式alphatron vacuum gage 真空计altar 天坛座altazimuth 地平经纬仪alternate angles 错角alternating 变号的alternating current 交流16alternating current bridge 交羚桥alternating current josephson effect约瑟夫逊效应alternating field 交变场alternating gradient focusing 强聚焦alternating gradient synchrotron 交变磁场梯度同步加速alternating group 交代群alternating load 交变负载alternating series 交错级数alternation 交错alternative 必择其一altimeter 高度表altitude 高度altitude effect 高度效应altitude rocket 高空火箭alto 女中音altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium 铝aluminium alloy 铝合金aluminium electrolytic capacitor 铝电解电容器aluminizing 铍铝alundum 人造刚玉amagat 阿马伽amagat manometer 阿马伽压力计amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 汞齐化amber 琥珀ambient 周围的ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 周围温度ambipolar diffusion 双极扩散americium 镅ametropia 眼反常amici's prism 阿米吴镜ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨ammonia maser 氨分子微波激射器ammonia water 氨水ammonium 铵amorphous 无定形的amorphous body 非晶体amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous magnetic material 非晶磁材料amorphous magnetism 非晶体磁性17amorphous metal 非晶态金属amorphous semiconductor 非晶态半导体amorphous state 非晶态amorphous substance 无定形物质amount 数量amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of information 信息量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of substance 物质量ampere 安ampere hour 安时ampere meter 安培计ampere second 安秒ampere turn 安匝ampere turn per meter 每米安匝数ampere turns 安匝数amphoteric 两性的amphoteric ion 两性离子amplidyne 放大发电机amplification 放大amplification constant 放大系数amplification factor 放大系数amplified spontaneous emission 放大自发射amplifier 放大器amplifying tube 放大管amplitude 振幅amplitude characteristic 振幅特性amplitude discriminator 脉冲高度鉴别器amplitude distortion 振幅失真amplitude function 振幅函数amplitude mode 振幅模amplitude modulated oscillations爹振荡amplitude modulation 爹amplitude reflectance 振幅反射度amplitude selector 振幅选择器amplitude transmittance 振幅透过率anabatic wind 谷风anaclastics 屈光学anafront 上滑锋anallobar 正变压中心analog 数学模型analog circuit 模拟电路analog computer 模拟计算机analog method 相似法18analog signal 模拟信号analog switch 模拟开关analog to digital conversion 模拟数字转换analog to digital converter a d 变换器模数变换器analogous 类似的analogue 数学模型analogue computer 模拟计算机analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 模拟analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis centre 分析中心analysis of covariance 协方差解析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis of weather map 天气图分析analysis situs 拓扑学analytic 分析的analytic continuation 解析开拓analytic curve 分析曲线analytic dynamics 解析动力学analytic expression 分析式analytic form 分析形式analytic function 解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何学analytic line 分析线analytic manifold 分析簇analytic method 分析法analytic perturbation theory 解析微扰论analytic set 分析集analytic signal 分析信号analytic transformation 分析变换analytic vector 解析向量analytical balance 分析天平analytical dynamics 分析力学analytical mechanics 分析力学analyzer 分析器analyzing magnet 磁分析器anamorphotic lens 象歪曲透镜anastigmat 消象散透镜anastigmatic 去象散的anastigmatic lens 消象散透镜anastigmatism 消象散性anchor ring 锚环19and circuit 与电路and or circuit 与或电路anderson localization 安德森定域anderson model 安德森模型anderson orthogonality theorem 安德森正交定理anderson's delocalization theory 安德森非定域理论andreev reflection 安德列耶夫反射andromeda 仙女座andromeda galaxy 仙女座星云andromeda nebula 仙女座星云anechoic 无回声的anechoic chamber 无回声室anechoic room 静室anelasticity 滞弹性anemogram 风力自记曲线anemograph 风速计anemometer 风速表anemoscope 测风器风速仪anergy 无力aneroid barograph 膜盒气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表angle 角angle at centre 中心角angle correlation 角关联angle of advance 超前角angle of attack 迎角angle of contact 接触角angle of contingence 切线角angle of declination 偏角angle of deflection 偏转角angle of deviation 偏向角angle of diffraction 衍射角angle of friction 摩擦角angle of incidence 入射角angle of intersection 交叉角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of minimum deviation 最小偏角angle of polarization 偏振角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of scattering 散射角angle of slide 滑动角20angle of view 视角angle preserving 保角的angle preserving map 保角映象angstrom 埃angstrom unit 埃单位angular 角的angular acceleration 角加速度angular coefficient 角系数angular coordinates 角座标angular correlation 角关联angular derivative 角微离angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular frequency 角频angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角度angular momentum 角动量angular momentum conservationlaw 角动量守恒定律angular motion 角动angular quantum number 角量子数angular resolution 角分辨率angular separation 角距angular unit 角的单位angular velocity 角速度angular vibrations 角振动anharmonic 非低的anharmonic oscillation 非谐振动anharmonic oscillator 非谐振子anharmonic ratio 非低比anharmonic term 非谐项anharmonicity 非谐振性anhysteric magnetization curve 无磁滞曲线animal electricity 动物电anion 阴离子anisometric crystal 非等轴晶体anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropic exchange interaction蛤异性交换相互酌anisotropic fluid 蛤异性铃anisotropic hamiltonian 蛤异性哈密顿函数anisotropic medium 蛤异性介质anisotropic superfluid 蛤异性超铃21anisotropic turbulence 蛤异性湍流anisotropic universe 蛤异性宇宙anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy constant 蛤异性常数anisotropy energy 蛤异性能anisotropy magnetic field 蛤异性磁场anisotropy ratio 蛤异性比annealing 退火annihilation 湮没annihilation operator 湮没算符annihilation radiation 湮没辐射annual 年刊annual aberration 周年光行差annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual equation 周年差annual mean 年平均annual parallax 周年视差annual precession 年岁差annual range 年较差annual variation 年变化annular 环annular eclipse 环食annular focus 环形焦点annulation 取消anode 阳极anode battery 阳极电池组anode compartment 阳极空间anode current 板极电流anode dark space 阳极暗区anode detection 板极检波anode fall 阳极势降anode glow 阳极辉光anode rays 极隧射线anode resistance 板极电阻anode voltage 板极电压anomalistic 近点的anomalistic month 近点月anomalistic year 近点年anomalon 反常子anomaloscope 色盲检查镜anomalous 反常的anomalous absorption 反常吸收anomalous diffusion 反常扩散anomalous dimension 反常量纲22anomalous dispersion 反常色散anomalous electric resistivity 反常电阻率anomalous hall effect 反常霍耳效应anomalous magnetic moment 反常磁矩anomalous propagation 反常传播anomalous propagation of sound 声的反常传播anomalous scattering 反常散射anomalous skin effect 反常囚效应anomalous transmission 反常透射anomalous zeeman effect 反常塞曼效应anomaly 反常antagonism of ions 离子的对抗酌antapex 背点antarctic circle 南极圈antarctic circle ozon hole 南极圈臭氧孔antecedent 前项antenna 天线antenna aperture 天线孔径antenna array 天线阵antenna circuit 天线电路antenna current 天线电流antenna efficiency 天线效率antenna element 天线元件antenna gain 天线增益antenna impedance 天线阻抗antenna resistance 天线电阻antenna tuning 天线党anthracene 蒽anti clockwise 反时针的anti corrosive 防锈剂;防锈的anti hyperon 反超子anti isomorphism 反同构性anti trade winds 反信风anti trades 反信风antibaryon 反重子antibonding electron 反键电子antibonding orbital 反键轨函数anticathode 对阴极anticoincidence 反符合anticoincidence analyzer 舛符合分析器anticoincidence circuit 反符合线路anticoincidence method 反符合法anticommutation relation 反对易关系anticommutative 反对易的23 anticyclogenesis 反气旋发生anticyclolysis 反气旋消散anticyclone 反气旋区域anticyclonic 反气旋的anticyclonic inversion 反气旋逆温antiderivative 不定积分antideuterium 反氘antideuteron 反氘核antiepicentre 震中对点antiferroelectrics 反铁电体antiferromagnet 反铁磁体antiferromagnetic domain 反铁磁畴antiferromagnetic resonance 反铁磁性共振antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antiferromagnon 反铁磁振子antihadron 反强子antihydrogen 反氢antila 唧筒座antilepton 反轻子antilogarthm 反对数antimatter 反物质antimeson 反介子antimetrical circuit 相反电路antimonsoon 反季风antimony 锑antineutrino 反中微子antineutron 反中子antinomy 谬论antinucleon 反核子antiparallel 逆平行的antiparallelogram 等边梯形antiparticle 反粒子antiphase boundary 反相边界antipod 对映体antiproton 反质子antiproton atom 反质子原子antiproton beam 反质子束antiquark 反夸克antireflection coating 透光镀膜;增透膜antiresonance 反共振antistokes line 反斯托克斯线antistokes raman laser 反斯托克斯喇曼激光器antisymmetric 斜对称的antisymmetric tensor 斜对称张量;反对称张量24antisymmetrical state 反对称态antisymmetry 反对称antithesis 反题antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antitriptic wind 减速风antitwilight 反曙暮光antiunitary operator 反幺正算符antlia 唧筒座antonoff rule 安托诺夫定则anvil 铁砧anvil cloud 砧状云anyon 任意子apastron 远星点aperiodic 非周期的aperiodic damping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion 非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 口径aperture diaphragm 孔径光栏aperture ratio 口径比aperture stop 孔径光栏aperture synthesis 孔径综合法apex 顶apex angle 顶角apex of the sun 太阳向点aphakic eye 欠晶眼aphelion 远日点apical angle 顶角aplanat 消球差镜aplanatic 等光程的aplanatic lens 消球差镜aplanatic point 等光程点aplanatism 消球差性apochromat 复消色差镜apochromatic 复消色差的apochromatic lens 复消色差镜apodization 切趾法apogee 远地点apolar 非极性的apollo 阿波罗飞船apollo type asteroid 阿波罗型小行星apostilb 亚熙提apothem 垂幅apparatus 仪器装臵25apparent absorption coefficient 表观吸收系数apparent density 视在密度apparent diameter 视直径apparent force 表观力apparent horizon 可见地平apparent lifetime 表观寿命apparent magnitude 视星等apparent motion 视运动apparent noon 视午apparent orbit 视轨道apparent palce 视位apparent position 视位apparent solar day 真太阳日apparent solar time 真太阳时apparent structure 表观结构apparent sun 真太阳apparition 出现appearance potential 表观势appendix 附录application 应用applied 应用的applied acoustics 应用声学applied climatology 应用气候学applied elasticity 应用弹性理论applied mathematics 应用数学applied mechanics 应用力学applied meteorology 应用气象学applied optics 应用光学applied physics 应用物理学approach 接近approximability 可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate caculation 近似计算approximate formula 近似公式approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate solution 近似解approximate value 近似值approximatintegration 近似积分approximation 近似approximation calculus 近似计算apsidal motion 拱线运动apus 天燕座26apw method 增广平面波法aquarius 宝瓶座aqueous solution 水溶液aquila 天鹰座ara 天坛座arc 电弧arc discharge 电弧放电arc lamp 弧光灯arc line 弧光谱线arc spectrum 电弧光谱arc trigonometric function 反三角函数archimedes' principle 阿基米德原理architectural acoustics 建筑声学arctic circle 北极圈ardometer 光学高温计areal velocity 面积速度areography 火星表面学areometer 比重计areometry 液体比重测定法areophysics 火星物理学argon 氜argon instability 氜不稳定性argon laser 氜激光器aries 白羊座arithmetic circuit 运算电路arm 边armature 电枢armature reaction 电枢反应array processor 排列信息处理装臵arrester 避雷器arsenic 砷articulation 清晰度artificial daylight 人工昼光artificial ear 仿真耳artificial gravity 人造重力artificial hologram 人工全息图artificial illumination 人造煦明artificial intelligence 人工智能artificial isotope 人造同位素artificial light 人造光artificial lighting 人造煦明artificial lightning 人造电闪artificial line 仿真线路artificial magnet 人造磁铁27artificial metal 人造金属artificial minisun 人造小太阳artificial nuclear reaction 人工核反应artificial nuclear transformation 人工核转化artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial radionuclide 人造放射性核素artificial rainfall 人造雨artificial satellite 人造卫星aser 量子放大器aspect ratio 展弦比aspheric lens 非球面透镜aspherics 非球面镜光学assembler 汇编程序assembler language 汇编程序语言associated quantum number 轨道量子数associated wave 缔合波association 结合associative detachment 结合性分离associative ionization 结合性电离assumption about the number ofcollisions 碰撞数的假定astatic 无定向的astatic galvanometer 无定向电疗astatine 砹asterism 星座asteroid 小行星asteroid belt 小行星带asthenosphere 岩力astigmatic difference 象散差astigmatic pencil 象散光束astigmatism 象散astigmatism correction 象散校正astigmometry 散光测定法aston's dark space 阿斯顿暗区astrionics 天文电子学astrobiology 天体生物学astroclimatology 天体气候学astrodynamic 天体动力学的astrodynamics 天体动力学astrogation 宇宙航行学astrogeodynamics 天文地球动力学astrogeophysics 天文地球物理学astrognosy 恒星学astrographic camera 天体照相机astrology 星占术28astromagnetics 天体磁学astrometeorology 天体气象学astrometer 天体测量仪astrometric 天体测量的astrometry 天体测量学astron 阿斯特隆astronomical constant 天文常数astronomical maser 天文脉泽astronomical observatory 天文台astronomical photography 天体照相学astronomical photometry 天体光度学astronomical spectroscopy 天体光谱学astronomical telescope 天文望远镜astronomical unit 天文单位astronomy 天文学astrophotography 天体照相学astrophysical 天体物理的astrophysical maser 天文脉泽astrophysical plasma 天体等离子体astrophysics 天体物理学astrorelativity 天体相对论astrospectroscope 天体分光镜astrospectroscopy 天体光谱学asymmetric 非对称的asymmetric top 非对称陀螺asymmetrical 非对称的asymmetry 非对称asymptotic expansion 渐近展开asymptotic field 渐近场asymptotic formula 渐近公式asymptotic freedom 渐近自由性asymptotic solution 渐近解asymptotic stability 渐近稳定性asymptotic theorem 渐近定理asynchronous 异步的asynchronous motor 感应电动机atiyah singer index theorem 阿奇娅辛谔指数定理atmosphere 大气atmosphere absorption 大气吸收atmospheric acoustics 大气声学atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric circulation 大气环流大气循环atmospheric discharge 大气放电atmospheric dispersion 大气色散29atmospheric disturbances 大气扰动atmospheric electricity 大气电atmospheric extinction 大气消光atmospheric humidity 大气湿度atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric ozone content 大气臭氧含量atmospheric phenomena 大气现象atmospheric pressure 气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric science 大气科学atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流atmospheric waves 大气波atmospherics 天电atom 原子atom probe 原子探测器atomic absorption 原子吸收atomic absorption coefficient 原子吸收系数atomic battery 原子电池atomic beam 原子束atomic beam laser 原子束激光器atomic beam magnetic resonance原子束磁共振atomic beam resonating method 原子束共振法atomic bomb 原子弹atomic bond 原子键atomic chart 原子量表atomic clock 原子钟atomic collision 原子碰撞atomic configuration 原子组态atomic constant 原子常数atomic core 原子芯atomic core polarization 原子芯极化atomic disintegration 原子衰变atomic dispersion 原子弥散atomic electron shell 原子的电子壳层atomic energy 原子能atomic energy level 原子能级atomic fluorescence analysis 原子荧光分析atomic form factor 原子结构因数atomic frequency standard 原子标准频率atomic fuel 核燃料atomic heat capacity 原子热容量atomic interspace 原子间空间30atomic laser 原子激光器atomic lattice 原子点阵atomic layer epitaxy 原子层外延atomic magnetic moment 原子磁矩atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic model 原子模型atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序数atomic orbital 原子轨函数atomic permeability 原子磁导率atomic physics 原子物理学atomic polarization 原子极化atomic power 原子能atomic power plant 核电站atomic reaction 原子反应atomic refraction 原子折射atomic scattering factor 原子散射因子atomic shell 原子的电子壳层atomic spectroscopy 原子光谱学atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic stopping power 原子阻止本领atomic structure 原子结构atomic structure factor 原子结构因数atomic susceptibility 原子磁化率atomic symbol 原子符号atomic theory 原子论atomic time 原子时atomic unit 原子单位。
物理专业英语名词解释
chapter 3 equilibrium 平衡
velocity 速度
concurrent forces 共点力 are forces whose lines of action all
instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度 velocity components 速度重
pass through a common point. the forces acting on a point object
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the period ( ) 【数】循环节;周期 the frequency ( ) 频率 the elastic potential energy 弹性势能 the simple pendulum 单摆 chapter 11 wave motion 波动 a propagating wave 波传播 wave terminology 波术语 in-phase vibrations 同相振动 standing waves 驻波 conditions for resonance 共振的条件 longitudinal (compressional) waves 纵向〔挤压〕波 chapter 12 sound 声音 the intensey 〔i〕 强度 loudness 响度 beats 节拍 doppler effect 多普勒效应 interference effects 干扰效应 part twothermodynamics 热力学 chapter 1 the kinetic theory of gases 第 1 章气体动力学理论 avogadros number ( ) 阿伏伽德罗数〔〕 the root mean square speed 根均方速度 the absolute temperature 肯定温度
物理专业外语1-科技英语翻译概述
一、科技英语文体的特点
一、科技英语文体的特点 [,hɔmə'dʒi:njəs] ɔ adj. 同性质的, 同类的
一、科技英语文体的特点
一、科技英语文体的特点 Alternating Vary[ 'væri]vi. ['vəultidʒ] [ə'plaɪd]adj. ɪ Current交流 呈现不同 n. ['stætik] 电 vt. &[‘mæɡnitju:d] vi. (尤指某种科学) ɡ 电压, 伏特数 K.K.['stætɪk] ɪ n. 应用的；实用的 (使)变化, 改变 ['vɛəriəbl] ɛ adj. 1 巨大; 重要性 adj. 1 不变化的, 不发展的, 2 [flʌks]n.[kən‘və:tə]大小，数量 ʌ 变化的, 可变的, 易 静止的, 静态的 磁通量 n. 变的 2 静电的 变频器 n. [men] ['pɔlifeiz] ɔ 可变因素; 变数 adj. adj. 主要的; 最重要的 多相的 n. 总管道; 干线
['sə:pləs]adj. 过剩的, 多余的 n. 过剩
一、科技英语文体的特点
一、科技英语文体的特点
二、科技英语翻译的标准
二、科技英语翻译的标准
二、科技英语翻译的标准
二、科技英语翻译的标准
二、科技英语翻译的标准
二、科技英语翻译的标准
三、翻译的一般方法
三、翻译的一般方法
三、翻译的一般方法
三、翻译的一般方法
2、意译 、
三、翻译的一般方法
2、意译 、
[ilek'trisiti] n. 1 电, 电流 2 热情, 紧张情绪
[kjuə] vt. 1 治愈, 治好 2 消除, 矫正 n. 1 治愈, 治疗 2 药物; 疗法
物理专业英语
第一章:运动学Vector quantity: A quantity that has both magnitude and direction 、译文;矢量:一个既有大小又有方向的量Scalar quantity A quantity that has magnitude, but no direction、译文:标量:一个只有大小没有方向的量Vector An arrow drawn to scale used to represent a vector quantity、译文:矢:一个标有刻度的箭头去代表矢量Motion A change of position、译文:运动:位置的改变Speed The distance traveled per time、译文:速率:单位时间内走过的路程Velocity The rate of change position and the direct of the motion、译文:速度:沿运动方向位移的变化率Acceleration Time rate of velocity :Acceleration=change in velocity/time it takes for change、译文:加速度:速度的变化率,加速度=速度的变化量/这段时间第二章:守恒定律Force : A quantity capable of producing motion or a change in motion、译文:力:一个能够产生运动或该变运动的量Net force: The equivalent or resultant force of two or more force、译文:合外力:它等价于两个或多个力或者可由其合成Newton’s first law of motion(law of inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net unbalanced force、译文:牛顿第一定律:一切物体总保持静止或匀速直线运动知道有不平衡的力迫使她改变为止。
物理学专业英语
华中师范大学物理学院物理学专业英语仅供内部学习参考！2014一、课程的任务和教学目的通过学习《物理学专业英语》，学生将掌握物理学领域使用频率较高的专业词汇和表达方法，进而具备基本的阅读理解物理学专业文献的能力。
通过分析《物理学专业英语》课程教材中的范文，学生还将从英语角度理解物理学中个学科的研究内容和主要思想，提高学生的专业英语能力和了解物理学研究前沿的能力。
培养专业英语阅读能力，了解科技英语的特点，提高专业外语的阅读质量和阅读速度；掌握一定量的本专业英文词汇，基本达到能够独立完成一般性本专业外文资料的阅读；达到一定的笔译水平。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
二、课程内容课程内容包括以下章节：物理学、经典力学、热力学、电磁学、光学、原子物理、统计力学、量子力学和狭义相对论三、基本要求1.充分利用课内时间保证充足的阅读量（约1200~1500词/学时），要求正确理解原文。
2.泛读适量课外相关英文读物，要求基本理解原文主要内容。
3.掌握基本专业词汇（不少于200词）。
4.应具有流利阅读、翻译及赏析专业英语文献，并能简单地进行写作的能力。
四、参考书目录1 Physics 物理学 (1)Introduction to physics (1)Classical and modern physics (2)Research fields (4)V ocabulary (7)2 Classical mechanics 经典力学 (10)Introduction (10)Description of classical mechanics (10)Momentum and collisions (14)Angular momentum (15)V ocabulary (16)3 Thermodynamics 热力学 (18)Introduction (18)Laws of thermodynamics (21)System models (22)Thermodynamic processes (27)Scope of thermodynamics (29)V ocabulary (30)4 Electromagnetism 电磁学 (33)Introduction (33)Electrostatics (33)Magnetostatics (35)Electromagnetic induction (40)V ocabulary (43)5 Optics 光学 (45)Introduction (45)Geometrical optics (45)Physical optics (47)Polarization (50)V ocabulary (51)6 Atomic physics 原子物理 (52)Introduction (52)Electronic configuration (52)Excitation and ionization (56)V ocabulary (59)7 Statistical mechanics 统计力学 (60)Overview (60)Fundamentals (60)Statistical ensembles (63)V ocabulary (65)8 Quantum mechanics 量子力学 (67)Introduction (67)Mathematical formulations (68)Quantization (71)Wave-particle duality (72)Quantum entanglement (75)V ocabulary (77)9 Special relativity 狭义相对论 (79)Introduction (79)Relativity of simultaneity (80)Lorentz transformations (80)Time dilation and length contraction (81)Mass-energy equivalence (82)Relativistic energy-momentum relation (86)V ocabulary (89)正文标记说明：蓝色Arial字体（例如energy）：已知的专业词汇蓝色Arial字体加下划线（例如electromagnetism）：新学的专业词汇黑色Times New Roman字体加下划线（例如postulate）：新学的普通词汇1 Physics 物理学1 Physics 物理学Introduction to physicsPhysics is a part of natural philosophy and a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry,and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.Core theoriesThough physics deals with a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists. Each of these theories were experimentally tested numerous times and found correct as an approximation of nature (within a certain domain of validity).For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These theories continue to be areas of active research, and a remarkable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos was discovered in the 20th century, three centuries after the original formulation of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton (1642–1727) 【艾萨克·牛顿】.University PhysicsThese central theories are important tools for research into more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his or her specialization, is expected to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.Classical and modern physicsClassical mechanicsClassical physics includes the traditional branches and topics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th century—classical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.Classical mechanics is concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion and may be divided into statics (study of the forces on a body or bodies at rest), kinematics (study of motion without regard to its causes), and dynamics (study of motion and the forces that affect it); mechanics may also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), the latter including such branches as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics.Acoustics is the study of how sound is produced, controlled, transmitted and received. Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonics, the study of sound waves of very high frequency beyond the range of human hearing; bioacoustics the physics of animal calls and hearing, and electroacoustics, the manipulation of audible sound waves using electronics.Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only with visible light but also with infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which exhibit all of the phenomena of visible light except visibility, e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light.Heat is a form of energy, the internal energy possessed by the particles of which a substance is composed; thermodynamics deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.Electricity and magnetism have been studied as a single branch of physics since the intimate connection between them was discovered in the early 19th century; an electric current gives rise to a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field induces an electric current. Electrostatics deals with electric charges at rest, electrodynamics with moving charges, and magnetostatics with magnetic poles at rest.Modern PhysicsClassical physics is generally concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of1 Physics 物理学observation, while much of modern physics is concerned with the behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions or on the very large or very small scale.For example, atomic and nuclear physics studies matter on the smallest scale at which chemical elements can be identified.The physics of elementary particles is on an even smaller scale, as it is concerned with the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is also known as high-energy physics because of the extremely high energies necessary to produce many types of particles in large particle accelerators. On this scale, ordinary, commonsense notions of space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid.The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from that presented by classical physics.Quantum theory is concerned with the discrete, rather than continuous, nature of many phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level, and with the complementary aspects of particles and waves in the description of such phenomena.The theory of relativity is concerned with the description of phenomena that take place in a frame of reference that is in motion with respect to an observer; the special theory of relativity is concerned with relative uniform motion in a straight line and the general theory of relativity with accelerated motion and its connection with gravitation.Both quantum theory and the theory of relativity find applications in all areas of modern physics.Difference between classical and modern physicsWhile physics aims to discover universal laws, its theories lie in explicit domains of applicability. Loosely speaking, the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light. Outside of this domain, observations do not match their predictions.Albert Einstein【阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦】contributed the framework of special relativity, which replaced notions of absolute time and space with space-time and allowed an accurate description of systems whose components have speeds approaching the speed of light.Max Planck【普朗克】, Erwin Schrödinger【薛定谔】, and others introduced quantum mechanics, a probabilistic notion of particles and interactions that allowed an accurate description of atomic and subatomic scales.Later, quantum field theory unified quantum mechanics and special relativity.General relativity allowed for a dynamical, curved space-time, with which highly massiveUniversity Physicssystems and the large-scale structure of the universe can be well-described. General relativity has not yet been unified with the other fundamental descriptions; several candidate theories of quantum gravity are being developed.Research fieldsContemporary research in physics can be broadly divided into condensed matter physics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; particle physics; astrophysics; geophysics and biophysics. Some physics departments also support research in Physics education.Since the 20th century, the individual fields of physics have become increasingly specialized, and today most physicists work in a single field for their entire careers. "Universalists" such as Albert Einstein (1879–1955) and Lev Landau (1908–1968)【列夫·朗道】, who worked in multiple fields of physics, are now very rare.Condensed matter physicsCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the electromagnetic force between atoms. More exotic condensed phases include the super-fluid and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the superconducting phase exhibited by conduction electrons in certain materials,and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices.Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics.Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields. The term condensed matter physics was apparently coined by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research group—previously solid-state theory—in 1967. In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics of the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.Atomic, molecular and optical physicsAtomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules.1 Physics 物理学The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of the energy scales that are relevant. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view).Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see, e.g., hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of high-energy physics.Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light.Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects, but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm.High-energy physics (particle physics) and nuclear physicsParticle physics is the study of the elementary constituents of matter and energy, and the interactions between them.In addition, particle physicists design and develop the high energy accelerators,detectors, and computer programs necessary for this research. The field is also called "high-energy physics" because many elementary particles do not occur naturally, but are created only during high-energy collisions of other particles.Currently, the interactions of elementary particles and fields are described by the Standard Model.●The model accounts for the 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) thatinteract via the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces.●Dynamics are described in terms of matter particles exchanging gauge bosons (gluons,W and Z bosons, and photons, respectively).●The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson. In July 2012CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced the detection of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson.Nuclear Physics is the field of physics that studies the constituents and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those in nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology.University PhysicsAstrophysics and Physical CosmologyAstrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology. Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy. Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories. In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe was expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleo-synthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964. The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle (On a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the Universe are the same for all observers). Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model (the standard model of Big Bang cosmology) of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy and dark matter.Current research frontiersIn condensed matter physics, an important unsolved theoretical problem is that of high-temperature superconductivity. Many condensed matter experiments are aiming to fabricate workable spintronics and quantum computers.In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to appear. Foremost among these are indications that neutrinos have non-zero mass. These experimental results appear to have solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem, and the physics of massive neutrinos remains an area of active theoretical and experimental research. Particle accelerators have begun probing energy scales in the TeV range, in which experimentalists are hoping to find evidence for the super-symmetric particles, after discovery of the Higgs boson.Theoretical attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory1 Physics 物理学of quantum gravity, a program ongoing for over half a century, have not yet been decisively resolved. The current leading candidates are M-theory, superstring theory and loop quantum gravity.Many astronomical and cosmological phenomena have yet to be satisfactorily explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, the baryon asymmetry, the acceleration of the universe and the anomalous rotation rates of galaxies.Although much progress has been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many everyday phenomena involving complexity, chaos, or turbulence are still poorly understood. Complex problems that seem like they could be solved by a clever application of dynamics and mechanics remain unsolved; examples include the formation of sand-piles, nodes in trickling water, the shape of water droplets, mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes, and self-sorting in shaken heterogeneous collections.These complex phenomena have received growing attention since the 1970s for several reasons, including the availability of modern mathematical methods and computers, which enabled complex systems to be modeled in new ways. Complex physics has become part of increasingly interdisciplinary research, as exemplified by the study of turbulence in aerodynamics and the observation of pattern formation in biological systems.Vocabulary★natural science 自然科学academic disciplines 学科astronomy 天文学in their own right 凭他们本身的实力intersects相交，交叉interdisciplinary交叉学科的，跨学科的★quantum 量子的theoretical breakthroughs 理论突破★electromagnetism 电磁学dramatically显著地★thermodynamics热力学★calculus微积分validity★classical mechanics 经典力学chaos 混沌literate 学者★quantum mechanics量子力学★thermodynamics and statistical mechanics热力学与统计物理★special relativity狭义相对论is concerned with 关注，讨论，考虑acoustics 声学★optics 光学statics静力学at rest 静息kinematics运动学★dynamics动力学ultrasonics超声学manipulation 操作，处理，使用University Physicsinfrared红外ultraviolet紫外radiation辐射reflection 反射refraction 折射★interference 干涉★diffraction 衍射dispersion散射★polarization 极化，偏振internal energy 内能Electricity电性Magnetism 磁性intimate 亲密的induces 诱导，感应scale尺度★elementary particles基本粒子★high-energy physics 高能物理particle accelerators 粒子加速器valid 有效的，正当的★discrete离散的continuous 连续的complementary 互补的★frame of reference 参照系★the special theory of relativity 狭义相对论★general theory of relativity 广义相对论gravitation 重力，万有引力explicit 详细的，清楚的★quantum field theory 量子场论★condensed matter physics凝聚态物理astrophysics天体物理geophysics地球物理Universalist博学多才者★Macroscopic宏观Exotic奇异的★Superconducting 超导Ferromagnetic铁磁质Antiferromagnetic 反铁磁质★Spin自旋Lattice 晶格，点阵，网格★Society社会，学会★microscopic微观的hyperfine splitting超精细分裂fission分裂，裂变fusion熔合，聚变constituents成分，组分accelerators加速器detectors 检测器★quarks夸克lepton 轻子gauge bosons规范玻色子gluons胶子★Higgs boson希格斯玻色子CERN欧洲核子研究中心★Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像，核磁共振ion implantation 离子注入radiocarbon dating放射性碳年代测定法geology地质学archaeology考古学stellar 恒星cosmology宇宙论celestial bodies 天体Hubble diagram 哈勃图Rival竞争的★Big Bang大爆炸nucleo-synthesis核聚合，核合成pillar支柱cosmological principle宇宙学原理ΛCDM modelΛ-冷暗物质模型cosmic inflation宇宙膨胀1 Physics 物理学fabricate制造，建造spintronics自旋电子元件，自旋电子学★neutrinos 中微子superstring 超弦baryon重子turbulence湍流，扰动，骚动catastrophes突变，灾变，灾难heterogeneous collections异质性集合pattern formation模式形成University Physics2 Classical mechanics 经典力学IntroductionIn physics, classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces. The study of the motion of bodies is an ancient one, making classical mechanics one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology.Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. Besides this, many specializations within the subject deal with gases, liquids, solids, and other specific sub-topics.Classical mechanics provides extremely accurate results as long as the domain of study is restricted to large objects and the speeds involved do not approach the speed of light. When the objects being dealt with become sufficiently small, it becomes necessary to introduce the other major sub-field of mechanics, quantum mechanics, which reconciles the macroscopic laws of physics with the atomic nature of matter and handles the wave–particle duality of atoms and molecules. In the case of high velocity objects approaching the speed of light, classical mechanics is enhanced by special relativity. General relativity unifies special relativity with Newton's law of universal gravitation, allowing physicists to handle gravitation at a deeper level.The initial stage in the development of classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics, and is associated with the physical concepts employed by and the mathematical methods invented by Newton himself, in parallel with Leibniz【莱布尼兹】, and others.Later, more abstract and general methods were developed, leading to reformulations of classical mechanics known as Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. These advances were largely made in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they extend substantially beyond Newton's work, particularly through their use of analytical mechanics. Ultimately, the mathematics developed for these were central to the creation of quantum mechanics.Description of classical mechanicsThe following introduces the basic concepts of classical mechanics. For simplicity, it often2 Classical mechanics 经典力学models real-world objects as point particles, objects with negligible size. The motion of a point particle is characterized by a small number of parameters: its position, mass, and the forces applied to it.In reality, the kind of objects that classical mechanics can describe always have a non-zero size. (The physics of very small particles, such as the electron, is more accurately described by quantum mechanics). Objects with non-zero size have more complicated behavior than hypothetical point particles, because of the additional degrees of freedom—for example, a baseball can spin while it is moving. However, the results for point particles can be used to study such objects by treating them as composite objects, made up of a large number of interacting point particles. The center of mass of a composite object behaves like a point particle.Classical mechanics uses common-sense notions of how matter and forces exist and interact. It assumes that matter and energy have definite, knowable attributes such as where an object is in space and its speed. It also assumes that objects may be directly influenced only by their immediate surroundings, known as the principle of locality.In quantum mechanics objects may have unknowable position or velocity, or instantaneously interact with other objects at a distance.Position and its derivativesThe position of a point particle is defined with respect to an arbitrary fixed reference point, O, in space, usually accompanied by a coordinate system, with the reference point located at the origin of the coordinate system. It is defined as the vector r from O to the particle.In general, the point particle need not be stationary relative to O, so r is a function of t, the time elapsed since an arbitrary initial time.In pre-Einstein relativity (known as Galilean relativity), time is considered an absolute, i.e., the time interval between any given pair of events is the same for all observers. In addition to relying on absolute time, classical mechanics assumes Euclidean geometry for the structure of space.Velocity and speedThe velocity, or the rate of change of position with time, is defined as the derivative of the position with respect to time. In classical mechanics, velocities are directly additive and subtractive as vector quantities; they must be dealt with using vector analysis.When both objects are moving in the same direction, the difference can be given in terms of speed only by ignoring direction.University PhysicsAccelerationThe acceleration , or rate of change of velocity, is the derivative of the velocity with respect to time (the second derivative of the position with respect to time).Acceleration can arise from a change with time of the magnitude of the velocity or of the direction of the velocity or both . If only the magnitude v of the velocity decreases, this is sometimes referred to as deceleration , but generally any change in the velocity with time, including deceleration, is simply referred to as acceleration.Inertial frames of referenceWhile the position and velocity and acceleration of a particle can be referred to any observer in any state of motion, classical mechanics assumes the existence of a special family of reference frames in terms of which the mechanical laws of nature take a comparatively simple form. These special reference frames are called inertial frames .An inertial frame is such that when an object without any force interactions (an idealized situation) is viewed from it, it appears either to be at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line. This is the fundamental definition of an inertial frame. They are characterized by the requirement that all forces entering the observer's physical laws originate in identifiable sources (charges, gravitational bodies, and so forth).A non-inertial reference frame is one accelerating with respect to an inertial one, and in such a non-inertial frame a particle is subject to acceleration by fictitious forces that enter the equations of motion solely as a result of its accelerated motion, and do not originate in identifiable sources. These fictitious forces are in addition to the real forces recognized in an inertial frame.A key concept of inertial frames is the method for identifying them. For practical purposes, reference frames that are un-accelerated with respect to the distant stars are regarded as good approximations to inertial frames.Forces; Newton's second lawNewton was the first to mathematically express the relationship between force and momentum . Some physicists interpret Newton's second law of motion as a definition of force and mass, while others consider it a fundamental postulate, a law of nature. Either interpretation has the same mathematical consequences, historically known as "Newton's Second Law":a m t v m t p F ===d )(d d dThe quantity m v is called the (canonical ) momentum . The net force on a particle is thus equal to rate of change of momentum of the particle with time.So long as the force acting on a particle is known, Newton's second law is sufficient to。
物理专业英语
第一章：运动学Vector quantity: A quantity that has both magnitude and direction .译文;矢量：一个既有大小又有方向的量Scalar quantity A quantity that has magnitude, but no direction.译文：标量：一个只有大小没有方向的量Vector An arrow drawn to scale used to represent a vector quantity.译文：矢：一个标有刻度的箭头去代表矢量Motion A change of position.译文：运动：位置的改变Speed The distance traveled per time.译文：速率：单位时间内走过的路程Velocity The rate of change position and the direct of the motion.译文：速度：沿运动方向位移的变化率Acceleration Time rate of velocity :Acceleration=change in velocity/time it takes for change.译文：加速度：速度的变化率，加速度=速度的变化量/这段时间第二章：守恒定律Force ： A quantity capable of producing motion or a change in motion.译文：力：一个能够产生运动或该变运动的量Net force： The equivalent or resultant force of two or more force.译文：合外力：它等价于两个或多个力或者可由其合成Newton’s first law of motion(law of inertia)： An object remains at rest or in uniform motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net unbalanced force.译文：牛顿第一定律：一切物体总保持静止或匀速直线运动知道有不平衡的力迫使他改变为止。
物理专业英语
新《物理专业英语》范围单词篇1 、加速度acceleration2 、速度 velocity3 、角速度 angular velocity4 、角动量angular momentum5 、热量 amount of heat6 、热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics7 、干涉 interference8 、反射 reflection9 、折射 refraction10 、振幅 amplitude11 、机械运动 mechanical motion12、保守场 conservative field13 、向心力 centripetal force14、保守力 conservative force15、摩擦力 friction force16 、面积area17 、体积 volume18、阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant19 、绝对零度 absolute zero20 、电势能 energy of position21、重力势能 gravitational potential energy22 、重力场 the field of gravity force23 、真空中的磁场 magnetic field in a vacuum24 、电磁波 electromagnetic wave25 、电流的相互作用interaction of current1、（第3页）第四段的第3句A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment to and also the law governing the motion.翻译：机械运动的一个典型的问题的构成取决于一个系统在接下来的时间间隔t的状态，（因此）当我们知道了一个确切的最初的系统状态时，也可以知道运动的规律。
物理学专业英语翻译
2.1 Introduction(引言)We begin our study of the physical universe by examining objects in motion. Thestudy of motion . whose measurement. more than 400 years ago gave birth to physics. iscalled kinematics.Much of our understanding of nature comes from observing the motion of objects. Inthis chapter we will develop a description for the motion of a single point as it movesthrough space. Although a point is a geometrical concept quite different from everydayobjects such as footballs and automobiles, we shall see that the actual mot10n of manyobjects is most easily described as the motion of a single point (the "center of mass"). plusthe rotation of the object about that point. Postponing a discussion of rotation. let usbegin he-re with a description of a single point as it moves through space. Space and timeKinematics is concerned with two basic questions. "Where?" and "When?". Thoughthe questions are simple. the answers are potentially quite complicated if we inquire aboutphenomena outside our ordinary daily experiences. For example. the physics of very highspeeds, or of events involving intergalactic distances or submicroscopic dimensions. isquite different from our common-sense ideas. We will discuss the… interesting subjects inlater chapters. For the present we shall adopt the space and time of Newton-thoseconcepts we gradually developed as a result of our everyday experiences.Space is assumed to be continuously uniform and isotropic. These two terms meanthat space has no 'graininess' and that whatever its properties may be, they areindependent of any particular direction or location. in the words of Isaac Newton.' Absolute space . in its own nature . without relation to anything external . remains alwayssimilar and unmovable. " Every object in the universe exists at a particular location inspace. and an object may change its location Ly moving through space as time goes on. Wespecify the Location of a particular point in space by its relation to a frame of reference.Time, according to Newton, is also absolute in the sense that it "flows on" at auniform rate . We cannot speed it up or slow it down in any way. in Newton's words," Absolute. true. and mathematical time . of itself . and from its own nature . flows equablywithout relation to anything external. and by another name is called duration. " Time isassumed to be continuous and ever advancing. as might be indicated by a clock.Space and time are wholly independent of each other. though it is recognized that allphysical objects must exist simultaneously in both space and time.Remarkably . many of these traditional ideas turn out to be naive and inconsistent withexperimental evidence. The world is just different from the picture we form from ourcommon-sense. intuitive ideas. Space and time, by themselves. arc concepts that arcdifficult (or perhaps impossible) to define in terms of anything simpler. However. we canmeasure space and time in unambiguous ways. We define certain operations by which weobtain numerical measurements of these quantities using rulers and clocks. based uponstandard units of space and time.For many years. our standard of time was based on astronomical observations of the earth'srotation. Because of the variations in the earth’s rotation . in 1967 the 13th General Conference onWeights and Measures. attended by 38 nations. adopted an atomic standard for time.Similarly. our former standard of length was the distance between two marks onplatinum-iridium bar. kept at Sevres. France. in 1960. the fundamental length standardwas redefined in terms of the wavelength of light emitted during a transition between two.The standard units of time and length may be described as follows:An interval of time. The fundamental unit is the second (s) . which by internationalagreement is defined as the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding tothe transition between the two lowest energy levels in the atomic isotope cesium 133.An interval of length. The fundamental unit is the meter (m). which is defined independently of the time interval Before 1983 . by international agreement the meter wasdefined as exactly 1 650 763. 73 wavelengths of the orange light emitted from the isotopekrypton 86. in November 1983. the length standard was defined as the distance that lighttravels in a vacuum in l1299 792 458 second.l angstrom(A) -. 10-l0 m l micron (u or um)10-6 m2.1简介（引言）我们开始研究宇宙的物理研究物体的运动。
物理专业英语讲解
应该注意避免死译和乱译
死译 ----Problems encountered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements. 死译：试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进 的必要。 正确：试验中出现的问题表明： 还需要对原设计进行 下述改进。 ----There is not room in this chapter to do any more than mention some of the research which has been carried out. 死译：在本章中，没有地方来做比提及某些已经进行 的研究更多的事情。 正确：限于篇幅，本章只提及某些业已进行的研究工 作。
3、专业术语多，许多词汇只在本专业使用. 如 cold boot, circuit diagram、 energy band。 4、半专业词汇较多，介于公共与专业之间，不同专业 词汇含义不同. 如 driver，司机、驱动源、驱动器 operation 〔机械〕操作 〔军事〕作战 〔计〕运 算 〔医〕手术 carrier 〔机械〕托架、底盘〔军事〕 航空母舰 〔半导体〕载流子〔医〕带毒者〔通信〕 载波 〔航天〕运载工具 、火箭 〔日常〕搬运工（车、船）
两者的共同之处：词汇、语法基本相通。 两者的不同之处：具有各自的特点。例如， 公共英语：随意性(randomicity)、口语性 (colloquialism)、感情性强(emotionality)。
科技英语的特点
1、客观性，被动语态多，传统上，一般尽量 少用或不用we、you、I、 they。近代打破 了这个清规戒律，但还是要尽可能减少出 现次数。
物理专业英语翻译
第一章Our material world(物质世界) is composed of many substances distinguished(区别) by their chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties(特性). They are found in nature in various physical states(物理状态)---the familiar solid, liquid, and gas, along with(连同) the ionic "plasma "(等离子体) However, the apparent diversity(多样性) of kinds and forms of material is reduced by the knowledge that there are only a little over 100 distinct chemical elements(元素) and that the chemical and physical features of substances depend merely on the strength of force bonds(结合) between atoms. 我们的物质世界(物质世界)是由许多物质(以区别区别被其化工、机械、、电气性能(特性)。
他们是在大自然中找到的材料在不同的物理状态(物理状态)——而且熟悉的固体、液体和气体,随着(连同)离子“等离子体”(等离子体)然而,明显的多样性(多样性)各类形式的资料将减少知识只有一个小超过100种特定的化学元素(元素),化学和物理特征的物质的力量仅仅看力债券(结合)之间的原子。
In turn(依次), the distinctions between the elements of nature arise from(起于) the number and arrangement of basic particles(基本粒子)—electrons(电子), protons(质子), and neutrons(中子). At both the atomic and nuclear levels, the structure of elements is determined by internal forces and energy(内力和内能).1.1 FORCES AND ENERGY（力和能量）反过来(依次),区别自然元素(源自起于)电话号码和安排基本粒子)-electrons基本粒子(电子),质子((质子),和中子(中子)。
物理力学视角下的汉英翻译-以长句翻译为例
物理力学视角下的汉英翻译:以长句翻译为例关于《物理力学视角下的汉英翻译:以长句翻译为例》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。
〔摘要〕文章从物理力学的角度，根据“英语是心理势能取向而汉语是心理动能取向的语言”的观点，指出汉英两种语言的各自特点促使汉语形成了话题-述题结构而英语形成了主谓结构。
这样，在汉英翻译时，英语话语为了减少上升的阻力，获得更大的势能，连续性强的汉语话题-述题结构被分解成用层次和界限更加分明的英语主谓结构来表达是必然的。
文章考察了《红楼梦》第三回两个译本的长句翻译，描写了汉语长句英译表现出的分解趋势，并指出分解之后的表达要强调主题的相关性，选择好译文话题和译文述题，保证话语的流畅性和匀称感，采取以浓缩为主的表达方式，减少上升时的阻力，以获得更大的势能。
下载论文网〔关键词〕力学；汉语长句英译；分解；表达；势能〔中图分类号〕H0〔文献标识码〕A〔文章编号〕1008-2689（2017）05-0019-10一、汉语话题-述题结构和英语主谓结构生成的力学解释（一）心理动能导向的汉语和心理势能导向的英语王建国[1][2][3]从物理力学的角度指出，使用中的汉语是心理动能导向，使用中的英语是心理势能导向。
王建国的推导如下：王建国和何自然[4]从语用的角度指出，“汉语是过程取向的语言，英语是结果取向的语言”。
王建国[2]认为，“过程”和“结果”都应该与感知主体对一个事物或事件做出的物理和心理感知有关。
“过程”指的是，人们对一定事物或事件做出物理和心理感知行为的一个或多个程序，具有连续性、动态的特征。
而“结果”就是在一定阶段，人们对事物或事件做出物理和心理感知行为后达到的最后状态，具有阶段性、静态的特征。
所谓“过程取向”，就是站在感知过程的角度去感知事物或事件，强调感知过程中的程序。
所谓“结果取向”就是站在感知过程的结果状态的角度去感知事物或事件，强调感知过程中的结果[2]（38）。
“过程”相对“结果”是扩展性的，“结果”相对“过程”是压缩性的。
物理学专业英语
华中师范大学物理学院物理学专业英语仅供内部学习参考！2014一、课程的任务和教学目的通过学习《物理学专业英语》，学生将掌握物理学领域使用频率较高的专业词汇和表达方法，进而具备基本的阅读理解物理学专业文献的能力。
通过分析《物理学专业英语》课程教材中的范文，学生还将从英语角度理解物理学中个学科的研究内容和主要思想，提高学生的专业英语能力和了解物理学研究前沿的能力。
培养专业英语阅读能力，了解科技英语的特点，提高专业外语的阅读质量和阅读速度；掌握一定量的本专业英文词汇，基本达到能够独立完成一般性本专业外文资料的阅读；达到一定的笔译水平。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
二、课程内容课程内容包括以下章节：物理学、经典力学、热力学、电磁学、光学、原子物理、统计力学、量子力学和狭义相对论三、基本要求1.充分利用课内时间保证充足的阅读量（约1200~1500词/学时），要求正确理解原文。
2.泛读适量课外相关英文读物，要求基本理解原文主要内容。
3.掌握基本专业词汇（不少于200词）。
4.应具有流利阅读、翻译及赏析专业英语文献，并能简单地进行写作的能力。
四、参考书目录1 Physics 物理学 (1)Introduction to physics (1)Classical and modern physics (2)Research fields (4)V ocabulary (7)2 Classical mechanics 经典力学 (10)Introduction (10)Description of classical mechanics (10)Momentum and collisions (14)Angular momentum (15)V ocabulary (16)3 Thermodynamics 热力学 (18)Introduction (18)Laws of thermodynamics (21)System models (22)Thermodynamic processes (27)Scope of thermodynamics (29)V ocabulary (30)4 Electromagnetism 电磁学 (33)Introduction (33)Electrostatics (33)Magnetostatics (35)Electromagnetic induction (40)V ocabulary (43)5 Optics 光学 (45)Introduction (45)Geometrical optics (45)Physical optics (47)Polarization (50)V ocabulary (51)6 Atomic physics 原子物理 (52)Introduction (52)Electronic configuration (52)Excitation and ionization (56)V ocabulary (59)7 Statistical mechanics 统计力学 (60)Overview (60)Fundamentals (60)Statistical ensembles (63)V ocabulary (65)8 Quantum mechanics 量子力学 (67)Introduction (67)Mathematical formulations (68)Quantization (71)Wave-particle duality (72)Quantum entanglement (75)V ocabulary (77)9 Special relativity 狭义相对论 (79)Introduction (79)Relativity of simultaneity (80)Lorentz transformations (80)Time dilation and length contraction (81)Mass-energy equivalence (82)Relativistic energy-momentum relation (86)V ocabulary (89)正文标记说明：蓝色Arial字体（例如energy）：已知的专业词汇蓝色Arial字体加下划线（例如electromagnetism）：新学的专业词汇黑色Times New Roman字体加下划线（例如postulate）：新学的普通词汇1 Physics 物理学1 Physics 物理学Introduction to physicsPhysics is a part of natural philosophy and a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry,and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.Core theoriesThough physics deals with a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists. Each of these theories were experimentally tested numerous times and found correct as an approximation of nature (within a certain domain of validity).For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These theories continue to be areas of active research, and a remarkable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos was discovered in the 20th century, three centuries after the original formulation of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton (1642–1727) 【艾萨克·牛顿】.University PhysicsThese central theories are important tools for research into more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his or her specialization, is expected to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.Classical and modern physicsClassical mechanicsClassical physics includes the traditional branches and topics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th century—classical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.Classical mechanics is concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion and may be divided into statics (study of the forces on a body or bodies at rest), kinematics (study of motion without regard to its causes), and dynamics (study of motion and the forces that affect it); mechanics may also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), the latter including such branches as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics.Acoustics is the study of how sound is produced, controlled, transmitted and received. Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonics, the study of sound waves of very high frequency beyond the range of human hearing; bioacoustics the physics of animal calls and hearing, and electroacoustics, the manipulation of audible sound waves using electronics.Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only with visible light but also with infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which exhibit all of the phenomena of visible light except visibility, e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light.Heat is a form of energy, the internal energy possessed by the particles of which a substance is composed; thermodynamics deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.Electricity and magnetism have been studied as a single branch of physics since the intimate connection between them was discovered in the early 19th century; an electric current gives rise to a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field induces an electric current. Electrostatics deals with electric charges at rest, electrodynamics with moving charges, and magnetostatics with magnetic poles at rest.Modern PhysicsClassical physics is generally concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of1 Physics 物理学observation, while much of modern physics is concerned with the behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions or on the very large or very small scale.For example, atomic and nuclear physics studies matter on the smallest scale at which chemical elements can be identified.The physics of elementary particles is on an even smaller scale, as it is concerned with the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is also known as high-energy physics because of the extremely high energies necessary to produce many types of particles in large particle accelerators. On this scale, ordinary, commonsense notions of space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid.The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from that presented by classical physics.Quantum theory is concerned with the discrete, rather than continuous, nature of many phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level, and with the complementary aspects of particles and waves in the description of such phenomena.The theory of relativity is concerned with the description of phenomena that take place in a frame of reference that is in motion with respect to an observer; the special theory of relativity is concerned with relative uniform motion in a straight line and the general theory of relativity with accelerated motion and its connection with gravitation.Both quantum theory and the theory of relativity find applications in all areas of modern physics.Difference between classical and modern physicsWhile physics aims to discover universal laws, its theories lie in explicit domains of applicability. Loosely speaking, the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light. Outside of this domain, observations do not match their predictions.Albert Einstein【阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦】contributed the framework of special relativity, which replaced notions of absolute time and space with space-time and allowed an accurate description of systems whose components have speeds approaching the speed of light.Max Planck【普朗克】, Erwin Schrödinger【薛定谔】, and others introduced quantum mechanics, a probabilistic notion of particles and interactions that allowed an accurate description of atomic and subatomic scales.Later, quantum field theory unified quantum mechanics and special relativity.General relativity allowed for a dynamical, curved space-time, with which highly massiveUniversity Physicssystems and the large-scale structure of the universe can be well-described. General relativity has not yet been unified with the other fundamental descriptions; several candidate theories of quantum gravity are being developed.Research fieldsContemporary research in physics can be broadly divided into condensed matter physics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; particle physics; astrophysics; geophysics and biophysics. Some physics departments also support research in Physics education.Since the 20th century, the individual fields of physics have become increasingly specialized, and today most physicists work in a single field for their entire careers. "Universalists" such as Albert Einstein (1879–1955) and Lev Landau (1908–1968)【列夫·朗道】, who worked in multiple fields of physics, are now very rare.Condensed matter physicsCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the electromagnetic force between atoms. More exotic condensed phases include the super-fluid and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the superconducting phase exhibited by conduction electrons in certain materials,and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices.Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics.Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields. The term condensed matter physics was apparently coined by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research group—previously solid-state theory—in 1967. In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics of the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.Atomic, molecular and optical physicsAtomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules.1 Physics 物理学The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of the energy scales that are relevant. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view).Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see, e.g., hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of high-energy physics.Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light.Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects, but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm.High-energy physics (particle physics) and nuclear physicsParticle physics is the study of the elementary constituents of matter and energy, and the interactions between them.In addition, particle physicists design and develop the high energy accelerators,detectors, and computer programs necessary for this research. The field is also called "high-energy physics" because many elementary particles do not occur naturally, but are created only during high-energy collisions of other particles.Currently, the interactions of elementary particles and fields are described by the Standard Model.●The model accounts for the 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) thatinteract via the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces.●Dynamics are described in terms of matter particles exchanging gauge bosons (gluons,W and Z bosons, and photons, respectively).●The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson. In July 2012CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced the detection of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson.Nuclear Physics is the field of physics that studies the constituents and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those in nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology.University PhysicsAstrophysics and Physical CosmologyAstrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology. Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy. Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories. In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe was expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleo-synthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964. The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle (On a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the Universe are the same for all observers). Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model (the standard model of Big Bang cosmology) of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy and dark matter.Current research frontiersIn condensed matter physics, an important unsolved theoretical problem is that of high-temperature superconductivity. Many condensed matter experiments are aiming to fabricate workable spintronics and quantum computers.In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to appear. Foremost among these are indications that neutrinos have non-zero mass. These experimental results appear to have solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem, and the physics of massive neutrinos remains an area of active theoretical and experimental research. Particle accelerators have begun probing energy scales in the TeV range, in which experimentalists are hoping to find evidence for the super-symmetric particles, after discovery of the Higgs boson.Theoretical attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory1 Physics 物理学of quantum gravity, a program ongoing for over half a century, have not yet been decisively resolved. The current leading candidates are M-theory, superstring theory and loop quantum gravity.Many astronomical and cosmological phenomena have yet to be satisfactorily explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, the baryon asymmetry, the acceleration of the universe and the anomalous rotation rates of galaxies.Although much progress has been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many everyday phenomena involving complexity, chaos, or turbulence are still poorly understood. Complex problems that seem like they could be solved by a clever application of dynamics and mechanics remain unsolved; examples include the formation of sand-piles, nodes in trickling water, the shape of water droplets, mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes, and self-sorting in shaken heterogeneous collections.These complex phenomena have received growing attention since the 1970s for several reasons, including the availability of modern mathematical methods and computers, which enabled complex systems to be modeled in new ways. Complex physics has become part of increasingly interdisciplinary research, as exemplified by the study of turbulence in aerodynamics and the observation of pattern formation in biological systems.Vocabulary★natural science 自然科学academic disciplines 学科astronomy 天文学in their own right 凭他们本身的实力intersects相交，交叉interdisciplinary交叉学科的，跨学科的★quantum 量子的theoretical breakthroughs 理论突破★electromagnetism 电磁学dramatically显著地★thermodynamics热力学★calculus微积分validity 有效性, 正确性★classical mechanics 经典力学chaos 混沌literate 学者★quantum mechanics量子力学★thermodynamics and statistical mechanics热力学与统计物理★special relativity狭义相对论is concerned with 关注，讨论，考虑acoustics 声学★optics 光学statics静力学at rest 静息kinematics运动学★dynamics动力学ultrasonics超声学University Physicsmanipulation 操作，处理，使用infrared红外ultraviolet紫外radiation辐射reflection 反射refraction 折射★interference 干涉★diffraction 衍射dispersion散射★polarization 极化，偏振internal energy 内能Electricity电性Magnetism 磁性intimate 亲密的induces 诱导，感应scale尺度★elementary particles基本粒子★high-energy physics 高能物理particle accelerators 粒子加速器valid 有效的，正当的★discrete离散的continuous 连续的complementary 互补的★frame of reference 参照系★the special theory of relativity 狭义相对论★general theory of relativity 广义相对论gravitation 重力，万有引力explicit 详细的，清楚的★candidate 候选的，候选人★quantum field theory 量子场论★condensed matter physics凝聚态物理astrophysics天体物理geophysics地球物理Universalist博学多才者★Macroscopic宏观Exotic奇异的★Superconducting 超导Ferromagnetic铁磁质Antiferromagnetic 反铁磁质★Spin自旋lattice 晶格，点阵，网格★Society社会，学会★microscopic微观的hyperfine splitting超精细分裂fission分裂，裂变fusion熔合，聚变constituents成分，组分accelerators加速器detectors 检测器★quarks夸克lepton 轻子gauge bosons规范玻色子gluons胶子★Higgs boson希格斯玻色子CERN欧洲核子研究中心★Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像，核磁共振ion implantation 离子注入radiocarbon dating放射性碳年代测定法geology地质学archaeology考古学stellar 恒星cosmology宇宙论celestial bodies 天体Hubble diagram 哈勃图rval竞争的★Big Bang大爆炸nucleo-synthesis核聚合，核合成pillar支柱cosmological principle宇宙学原理1 Physics 物理学ΛCDM modelΛ-冷暗物质模型cosmic inflation宇宙膨胀fabricate制造，建造spintronics自旋电子元件，自旋电子学★neutrinos 中微子superstring 超弦baryon重子turbulence湍流，扰动，骚动catastrophes突变，灾变，灾难heterogeneous collections异质性集合pattern formation模式形成University Physics2 Classical mechanics 经典力学IntroductionIn physics, classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces. The study of the motion of bodies is an ancient one, making classical mechanics one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology.Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. Besides this, many specializations within the subject deal with gases, liquids, solids, and other specific sub-topics.Classical mechanics provides extremely accurate results as long as the domain of study is restricted to large objects and the speeds involved do not approach the speed of light. When the objects being dealt with become sufficiently small, it becomes necessary to introduce the other major sub-field of mechanics, quantum mechanics, which reconciles the macroscopic laws of physics with the atomic nature of matter and handles the wave–particle duality of atoms and molecules. In the case of high velocity objects approaching the speed of light, classical mechanics is enhanced by special relativity. General relativity unifies special relativity with Newton's law of universal gravitation, allowing physicists to handle gravitation at a deeper level.The initial stage in the development of classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics, and is associated with the physical concepts employed by and the mathematical methods invented by Newton himself, in parallel with Leibniz【莱布尼兹】, and others.Later, more abstract and general methods were developed, leading to reformulations of classical mechanics known as Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. These advances were largely made in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they extend substantially beyond Newton's work, particularly through their use of analytical mechanics. Ultimately, the mathematics developed for these were central to the creation of quantum mechanics.Description of classical mechanicsThe following introduces the basic concepts of classical mechanics. For simplicity, it often2 Classical mechanics 经典力学models real-world objects as point particles, objects with negligible size. The motion of a point particle is characterized by a small number of parameters: its position, mass, and the forces applied to it.In reality, the kind of objects that classical mechanics can describe always have a non-zero size. (The physics of very small particles, such as the electron, is more accurately described by quantum mechanics). Objects with non-zero size have more complicated behavior than hypothetical point particles, because of the additional degrees of freedom—for example, a baseball can spin while it is moving. However, the results for point particles can be used to study such objects by treating them as composite objects, made up of a large number of interacting point particles. The center of mass of a composite object behaves like a point particle.Classical mechanics uses common-sense notions of how matter and forces exist and interact. It assumes that matter and energy have definite, knowable attributes such as where an object is in space and its speed. It also assumes that objects may be directly influenced only by their immediate surroundings, known as the principle of locality.In quantum mechanics objects may have unknowable position or velocity, or instantaneously interact with other objects at a distance.Position and its derivativesThe position of a point particle is defined with respect to an arbitrary fixed reference point, O, in space, usually accompanied by a coordinate system, with the reference point located at the origin of the coordinate system. It is defined as the vector r from O to the particle.In general, the point particle need not be stationary relative to O, so r is a function of t, the time elapsed since an arbitrary initial time.In pre-Einstein relativity (known as Galilean relativity), time is considered an absolute, i.e., the time interval between any given pair of events is the same for all observers. In addition to relying on absolute time, classical mechanics assumes Euclidean geometry for the structure of space.Velocity and speedThe velocity, or the rate of change of position with time, is defined as the derivative of the position with respect to time. In classical mechanics, velocities are directly additive and subtractive as vector quantities; they must be dealt with using vector analysis.When both objects are moving in the same direction, the difference can be given in terms of speed only by ignoring direction.University PhysicsAccelerationThe acceleration , or rate of change of velocity, is the derivative of the velocity with respect to time (the second derivative of the position with respect to time).Acceleration can arise from a change with time of the magnitude of the velocity or of the direction of the velocity or both . If only the magnitude v of the velocity decreases, this is sometimes referred to as deceleration , but generally any change in the velocity with time, including deceleration, is simply referred to as acceleration.Inertial frames of referenceWhile the position and velocity and acceleration of a particle can be referred to any observer in any state of motion, classical mechanics assumes the existence of a special family of reference frames in terms of which the mechanical laws of nature take a comparatively simple form. These special reference frames are called inertial frames .An inertial frame is such that when an object without any force interactions (an idealized situation) is viewed from it, it appears either to be at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line. This is the fundamental definition of an inertial frame. They are characterized by the requirement that all forces entering the observer's physical laws originate in identifiable sources (charges, gravitational bodies, and so forth).A non-inertial reference frame is one accelerating with respect to an inertial one, and in such a non-inertial frame a particle is subject to acceleration by fictitious forces that enter the equations of motion solely as a result of its accelerated motion, and do not originate in identifiable sources. These fictitious forces are in addition to the real forces recognized in an inertial frame.A key concept of inertial frames is the method for identifying them. For practical purposes, reference frames that are un-accelerated with respect to the distant stars are regarded as good approximations to inertial frames.Forces; Newton's second lawNewton was the first to mathematically express the relationship between force and momentum . Some physicists interpret Newton's second law of motion as a definition of force and mass, while others consider it a fundamental postulate, a law of nature. Either interpretation has the same mathematical consequences, historically known as "Newton's Second Law":a m t v m t p F ===d )(d d dThe quantity m v is called the (canonical ) momentum . The net force on a particle is thus equal to rate of change of momentum of the particle with time.So long as the force acting on a particle is known, Newton's second law is sufficient to。
物理专业外语1-科技英语翻译概述
01
introduction
The Definition and Importance of Scientific English Translation
定义
科学英语翻译是指将科技领域的专业 文献、论文、研究报告等从源语言翻 译成目标语言的过程，旨在促进国际 间的科技交流与合作。
重要性
随着全球科技的不断发展和交流的日 益频繁，科学英语翻译在推动科技进 步、学术交流以及国际合作等方面发 挥着越来越重要的作用。
05
Common errors and correction methods in translating scientific
English
Vocabulary comprehension error
总结词
这类错误通常是由于译者对专业术语或特定领域的词 汇理解不准确或缺乏专业知识所导致的。
详细描述
Sentence Adjustment and Translation
总结词
在翻译科学英语时，需要对句子结构进行调 整，以符合中文的表达习惯。
详细描述
在翻译过程中，不应完全按照英文原句的语 序进行直译，而应根据中文的表达习惯对句 子结构进行调整。这包括对主语、谓语、宾 语等句子成分的重新排列组合，以及时态、 语态、语气等语言特征的适当转换。
在物理学专业文献的翻译中，译者可能会遇到一些不熟 悉的术语或概念，如果对这些词汇的理解有偏差或错误， 就会导致译文出现歧义或误导。例如，将“quantum mechanics”翻译为“量子力学”，而不是“量子物理” 或“量子理论”。
Grammar structure error
总结词
这类错误通常是由于译者对英语语法结构掌握不够熟练或对原文的理解有误所导致的。
物理学科解题思路的双语分析
2.1学科性质的比较。
从课程性质看，小学科学课程是以培养科学素养为宗旨的科学启蒙课程，有利于小学生形成科学的认知方式和科学的自然观。
义务教育阶段的物理课程要让学生学习初步的物理知识与技能，经历基本的科学探究过程，受到科学态度和科学精神的熏陶，它是以提高全体学生的科学素质、促进学生的全面发展为主要目标的自然科学基础课程。
可见，小学科学重在学生的参与，激发学生的兴趣和好奇心，初中物理注重了知识与技能的学习，科学探究能力的培养。
2.1 the discipline nature of comparison. Look from the nature of the course, the primary school science curriculum is to cultivate scientific literacy for the purpose of scientific enlightenment course, will help students form scientific cognitive way and the view of nature of science. Compulsory education stage physics course to let student learn preliminary physics knowledge and skills, and experience the basic process of scientific inquiry, scientific attitude and scientific spirit's influence, it is to enhance the students' scientific quality, promote the all-round development of students as the main target of natural science foundation course. V isible, elementary school science on the participation of students, stimulate students' interest and curiosity, paid attention to knowledge and skills of junior high school physics learning and the cultivation of scientific inquiry ability.2.2课程理念的比较。
物理专业词汇英语翻译
物理专业词汇英语翻译物理专业词汇英语翻译1/8 fluctuation 1/8 起伏1/f noise 1/f 噪声1/n expansion 1/n 展开3k cosmic blackbody radiation 3k 宇宙黑体辐射4 counter 4 计数器a battery a 电池组a posteriori probability 后验概率a prioriprobability 先验概率a15 structure a15结构abbe coefficient阿贝数abbe invariant 阿贝不变量abbe number 阿贝数abbe prism 阿贝棱镜abberefractometer 阿贝折射计abbe sinecondition 阿贝正弦条件abel theorem 阿贝尔定理abelian group 可换群abelian integral阿贝尔积分aberage life 平均寿命aberration 象差aberrationconstant 光行差常数aberration oflight 光行差aberrationalellipse 光行差椭圆ablation 烧蚀abm state abm 态abnormal 反常的abnormal cathode fall 反常阴极势降abnormal crystallization 异常晶化abnormal dispersion 异常色散abnormal glow 反常辉光放电abnormal grain growth 反常晶粒生长abnormal liquid反常液体abnormalreflection 异常反射abnormal series反常系abrasion 磨损abrasion test 磨损试验abrasives 研磨材料abrikosov'sstructure of fluxlines 阿布里科蓑磁通线结构absence ofgravity 失重absolute 绝对的absoluteacceleration 绝对加速度absolute angularmomentum 绝对角动量3absolute atomicweight 原子的绝对重量absolute blackbody 绝对黑体absoluteconfiguration 绝对组态absolute counting 绝对计数absolute electrometer 绝对静电计absolute electrostatic system 绝对静电制absolute error 绝对误差absolute geopotential 绝对位势absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute index ofrefraction 绝对折射率absoluteinstability 绝对不稳定性absolutemagnitude 绝对星等absolutemeasurement 绝对测量absolute motion绝对运动absolute ohm 绝对欧姆absolute orbit 绝对轨道absolutepermeability 绝对磁导率absolutepermittivity 绝对电容率absolutepressure 绝对压力absolute rest 绝对静止absolute restframe 绝对静止系absolute rotation绝对转动absolute scale绝对度标absolute space绝对空间absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute system of units 绝对单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absolute thermometer 绝对温度表absolute time 绝对时空间absolute topography 绝对形势absolute unit 绝对单位absolute vacuumgage 绝对真空计absolute velocity绝对速度absoluteviscosity 绝对粘度absolute vorticity绝对涡度absolute weight绝对重量absolute zero 绝对零度absolute zeropoint 绝对零度absorb 吸收absorbed dose吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbingmedium 吸收媒质4absorptiometer吸收计absorption 吸收absorption band吸收带absorptioncoefficient 吸收系数absorption cross section 吸收截面absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption equilibrium 吸收平衡absorption factor 吸收因子absorption filter 吸收滤光器absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度表absorption index吸收指数absorption jump吸收跃迁absorption limit吸收端absorption line吸收线absorptionmethod 吸收法absorptionmodel 吸收模型absorption ofsound 声的吸收absorptionspectrometer 吸收光谱仪absorptionspectroscopy 吸收光谱学absorptionspectrum 吸收光谱absorption test吸收试验absorptive 吸收的absorptive power吸收本领absorptivity 吸收本领abstract algebra抽象代数abstract group抽象群abstract space抽象空间abstraction 抽象abundance of elements 元素的丰度ac bias 交莲压ac circuit 交羚路ac galvanometer 交羚疗ac voltage 交羚压accelerated motion 加速运动accelerating chamber 加速室accelerating electrode 加速电极accelerating field 加速场accelerating gap加速隙缝acceleratingperiod 加速周期accelerating slit加速隙缝accelerating tube加速管acceleratingvoltage 加速电压acceleration 加速度5accelerationcavity 加速共振腔acceleration gap加速隙acceleration ofgravity 重力加速度accelerator 加速器accelerometer加速计acceptance 肯定acceptor 受主acceptor center受中心acceptorimpurity 受钟质acceptor level 受周级access 选取access speed 选取速度access time 选取时间accessibility 可达性accessible point 可达点accessories 附件accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental degeneracy 偶然退化accidental error 偶然误差accidentalreflection 偶然反射acclimation 气候驯化acclimatization气候驯化acclimazation 气候驯化accommodation第accommodationcoefficient 适应系数accommodationof the eye 眼的第accord 和音accreting blackhole model 吸积黑洞模型accretion 吸积accretion disk 吸积盘accumulateddose 累积剂量accumulatederror 累积误差accumulatedtemperature 积温accumulation 蓄集accumulationlayer 累积层accumulationpoint 聚点accumulation ring 累积环accumulator 二次电池accuracy 准确度accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy of readings 读数准确度accuracy rating 准确度acetone 丙酮6 achondrite 无球粒陨石achromat 消色差透镜achromatic 消色的achromatic color无彩色achromaticcondition 消色差achromatic lens消色差透镜achromaticprism 消色差棱镜achromaticquarter waveprism 四分之一波长消色棱镜achromaticsensation 无色感觉achromaticstimulus 无色剌激achromatism 消色差acid 酸acnod 孤点acoumeter 测听计acount 计算acoustic 声的acousticabsorptioncoefficient 吸声系数acoustic absorptivity 吸声系数acoustic admittance 声导纳acoustic analysis 声分析acoustic conductivity 声导率acoustic diffraction 声衍射acoustic dispersion 声弥散acousticdisturbance 声扰动acoustic electronspin resonance声电子自旋共振acousticemission 声发射acoustic far field远程声场acoustic field 声场acoustic filter 滤声器acousticfraunhofer field夫琅和费声场acousticfrequency 音频acoustic fresnelfield 非涅耳声场acoustic gravitywave 声力波acoustic image声象acousticimpedance 声阻抗acousticinstrument 声学仪器acousticinterferometer声波干涉计acoustic lens 声透镜acoustic line 声传输线acoustic load 声负载acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic measurement 声学量度acoustic microscope 超声显微镜acoustic mode 声学模7acoustic near field 近程声场acoustic nuclear magnetic resonance 声核磁共振acoustic ohm 声欧姆acousticparamagneticresonance 声顺磁共振acoustic power声功率acousticpressure 声压acoustic radiator声辐射体acousticreactance 声抗acousticresistance 声阻acousticresonance 声共振acousticresonator 声共振器acoustic shadow声影acoustic signal声信号acousticsounding 声学探测acousticstreaming 声风acoustictransducer 声能转换器acoustic transformer 声变换器acoustic velocity 声速acoustic wave 声波acoustic wind 声风acoustical 声的acoustical holography 声全息学acoustical spectroscopy 声谱学acoustically induced birefringence 声诱发双折射acoustics 声学acoustimeter 声强计acoustodynamic声动力学的acoustoelectricamplification 声电放大acoustoelectriceffect 声电效应acoustoelectroninteraction 声电子相互酌acoustoelectronics 声电子学acoustomagnetoelectric effect 声磁电效应acoustoopticeffect 光声效应acoustooptical声光的acoustoopticalmodulator 声光灯器acoustooptical qswitch 声光q 开关acoustoopticalradiospectrometer 声光射电光谱仪acoustooptics声光学acre 英亩acrobatic metal 特技的金属acryl resin 丙烯酸尸actinic 有光化性的actinic photometer 光化光度计actinic rays 光化射线8actinic value of light 光化度actinides 锕系actinism 光化酌actinium 锕actiniumemanation 锕射气actinium series锕系actinograph 日射仪actinoid nuclei锕系元素核actinometer 日射表actinometry 辐射测量;光能强度测定actinomorphy 辐射对称性actinon 锕射气action 酌action at adistance 超距酌action centre ofthe atmosphere大气活动中心action integral酌积分action principle酌原理action spectrum酌谱action throughmedium 媒递酌action variable酌变量activated 激化了的activated adsorption 活性吸附activated atom 激活原子activated molecule 激活分子activating agent 活化剂activation 活化activation analysis 放射化分析activation cross section 放射化截面activation energy 激活能activationmethod 激活法activator 活化剂active 活性的active carbon 活性炭active current 有效电流active front 活跃锋active galacticnucleus 活动星系核active galaxy 活动星系active hydrogen活性氢active laserelement 激活激光元件active laserspectroscopy 活性激光光谱学active lasersubstance 激活物质active lattice 放射性栅格active locking 受迫模同步active material放射材料9active network 有源网络active oxygen 活性氧active power 有效功率active product 放射性产物active prominence 活动日珥active q switching 激活q 开关active sun 活动太阳active volcano 活火山activity 放射性activitycoefficient 活度系数activity unit 放射性单位actual 真实的actual load 有效的acumulativetemperature 积温acute 尖锐acute angle 锐角acute angled 锐角的acute angledtriangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的ada ada 语言adamantineluster 金刚光泽adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive antenna自适应天线adaptive optics自适应光学adaptometer 适应测量计adatom 吸附原子add 加add circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器adding element 求和器addition 加法additional 加法的additional code 补码additional heating 附加加热additional mass 附加质量additive 加法的additive group加法群additive method加色法additive property加和性additive theoryof numbers 加性数论10additivity 加和性address 地址address part 地址部分address register地址寄存器adenosinetriphosphate 三磷酸腺苷adequate 适合的adhere 粘着adherence 附着adhesion 附着adhesive force附着力adhesives 粘接剂adiabat 绝热线adiabatic 绝热的adiabaticapproximation绝热近似adiabaticatmosphere 绝热大气adiabatic calorimeter 绝热式量热器adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic demagnetization 绝热退磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabaticexpansion 绝热膨胀adiabaticexponent 绝热指数adiabatic freeexpansion 绝热自由膨胀adiabatic heating绝热增温adiabatichypothesis 绝热假说adiabatic index绝热指数adiabaticinvariant 绝热不变量adiabatic lapserate 绝热温度梯度adiabaticmagneticsusceptibility 绝热磁化率adiabatic nucleardemagnetization绝热核去磁adiabaticpotential curve绝热势能曲线adiabaticpotential surface绝热位势面adiabaticprinciple 浸渐原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic pulsations 绝热脉动adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiabatic theorem 绝热定理adiabaticity 绝热性adiabatics 绝热线adjacent angles邻角adjacent side 邻边adjointdifferentialequation 伴随微分方程11adjoint operator伴随算符adjoint system伴随系adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjustable point可定点adjustment 蝶admissible 容许的admissible error容许误差admissible value容许值admittance 导纳admittancematrix 导纳矩阵adsorb 吸附adsorbate 吸附物adsorbed atom吸附原子adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption capacity 吸附本领adsorption isotherm 等温吸附式adsorption structure 吸附结构advance of periastron 拱线运动advanced potential 超前势advancing wave 前进波advection 平流平移advection fog 平另advective 平聊aeolian tone 风吹声aerial 空气的aerial survey 航空测量aeroacoustics 空气声学aerobiology 高空生物学aeroclimatology高空气候学aerodone 滑翔机aerodynamicbalance 空气动力天秤aerodynamicdrag 空气阻力aerodynamicfocus 气动力学焦点aerodynamicheating 气动力加热aerodynamic lift气动升力aerodynamicresistance 空气阻力aerodynamics 空气动力学aerogel 气凝胶aerohypsometer 航空测高计aerolite 石陨星aerological 高空气象学的aerological diagram 高空图解12aerology 高空气象学aeromagnetics 航空磁学aeromechanics 空气力学aerometer 气体比重计aeronautical 航空的aeronauticalmeteorologicalobservation 航空气象观测aeronauticalmeteorologicalstation 航空气象站aeronauticalmeteorology 航空气象学aeronautics 航空学aeronomy 高层大气物理aerophysics 航空物理学aeroplane 飞机aeroport 航空航aerosol 气溶胶aerospacescience 空间航空科学aerostatics 气体静力学affine 仿射的affinecoordinates 仿射坐标affine geometry仿射几何affine space 仿射空间affine transformation 仿射变换affinity 亲合势affirmation 肯定affix 标出afocal 非焦点的after discharge 后续放电after heat 残热afterglow 余辉afterimage 残留影象aftershock 余震age 陈化age determination 测定年代age equation 年龄方程age hardening时效硬化age of the moon月龄age theory 年龄理论ageostrophicwind 非地转风aggregate 聚合体aggregation 聚集aging 时效agonic line 无偏线agreement 一致agriculturalclimatology 农业气候学agriculturalmeteorology 农业气象学13agroclimatology农业气候学agrometeorology农业气象学agrophysics 农业物理学aharonov bohmeffect 阿哈拉诺夫玻姆效应air capacitor 空气电容器air cell 空气电池air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 空气电容器air coolant 冷却空气air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air coordinates 空间座标air current 气流air earth current地空电流air flow 气流air gap 气隙air glow 气辉air insulation 空气绝缘air ionizationchamber 空气电离室air mass 气团air mass analysis气团分析air massclassification 气团分类air massmodification 气团变性air massthunderstorm 气团雷暴air monitor 大气污染监视器空气监测器air pocket 气囊air pressure 空气压力air proof 气密的air pump 空气泵air resistance 空气阻力air shower 空气簇射air streamline 空气吝air temperature 气温air thermometer 空气温度表air tight 气密的airborne holography 空中全息照相aircraft observation 飞机观测airplane 飞机airtight packing 气密密封airy pattern 埃里图样airy's disk 埃里斑albedo 反照率albedometry 反射率测定法14alchemy 炼金术alcohol 醇alcoholthermometer 酒精温度表alder transition阿尔得跃迁aleph zero 阿列夫零alexandrite laser翠绿宝石激光器algebra 代数algebraiccomplement 代数余子式algebraiccorrespondence代数对应algebraic curve代数曲线algebraicequation 代数方程algebraicexpression 代数式algebraicfunction 代数函数algebraic geometry 代数几何algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数族algebroidal function 代数型函数algevraic 代数的algol 算法语言algol typeeclipsing binary大陵变星algol variable 大陵变星algorithm 算法algorithmiclanguage 算法语言alidade 照准仪aligned nuclei 排列整齐的核;线列核alignment 定向alignment chart列线图alkali 碱alkali halide 碱金属卤化物alkaline battery碱性蓄电池alkaline earthmetal 碱土金属all weatherremote sensing全天候遥测allende meteorite艾伦德陨星allobar 变压区allochromatic 假色的allomerism 异质同晶allomorphic 同质异晶的allomorphism 同质异晶allotrope 同素异形体allotropic 同素异形的allotropic modification 同素异形变态15allotropic transformation 同素异形变换allotropy 同素异形allow 容许allowable 容许的allowable error容许误差allowable stress容许应力allowabletransition 容许跃迁allowed energyband 容许能带allowed line 容许谱线allowedtransition 容许跃迁alloy 合金alloy diffusedtransistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy diffusiontransistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy junction 合金结alloy junctiondiode 合金结二极管alloy junctiontransistor 合金结型晶体管alloyed steel 合金钢alloyedtransistor 合金晶体管almanac 天文年历almost everywhere 几平处处almost periodic function 殆周期函数almucantar 等高圈alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha emitter 发射体alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha particlemodel of nucleus核的粒子模型alpha phase 相alpha process 过程alpha radiation辐射alpha radioactive放射性的alpharadioactivity 放射能alpha rayspectrometer 谱仪alpha rays 射线alpha spectrum射线谱alphanumeric 字母数字式alphatronvacuum gage 真空计altar 天坛座altazimuth 地平经纬仪alternate angles错角alternating 变号的alternating current 交流16alternating current bridge 交羚桥alternating current josephson effect 约瑟夫逊效应alternating field 交变场alternating gradient focusing 强聚焦alternating gradient synchrotron 交变磁场梯度同步加速alternating group交代群alternating load交变负载alternating series交错级数alternation 交错alternative 必择其一altimeter 高度表altitude 高度altitude effect 高度效应altitude rocket高空火箭alto 女中音altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium 铝aluminium alloy铝合金aluminiumelectrolyticcapacitor 铝电解电容器aluminizing 铍铝alundum 人造刚玉amagat 阿马伽amagatmanometer 阿马伽压力计amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 汞齐化amber 琥珀ambient 周围的ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 周围温度ambipolar diffusion 双极扩散americium 镅ametropia 眼反常amici's prism 阿米吴镜ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨ammonia maser氨分子微波激射器ammonia water氨水ammonium 铵amorphous 无定形的amorphous body非晶体amorphouscarbon 无定形碳amorphousmagneticmaterial 非晶磁材料amorphousmagnetism 非晶体磁性17amorphousmetal 非晶态金属amorphoussemiconductor非晶态半导体amorphous state非晶态amorphoussubstance 无定形物质amount 数量amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of information 信息量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of substance 物质量ampere 安ampere hour 安时ampere meter 安培计ampere second安秒ampere turn 安匝ampere turn permeter 每米安匝数ampere turns 安匝数amphoteric 两性的amphoteric ion两性离子amplidyne 放大发电机amplification 放大amplificationconstant 放大系数amplificationfactor 放大系数amplifiedspontaneousemission 放大自发射amplifier 放大器amplifying tube放大管amplitude 振幅amplitudecharacteristic 振幅特性amplitudediscriminator 脉冲高度鉴别器amplitude distortion 振幅失真amplitude function 振幅函数amplitude mode 振幅模amplitude modulated oscillations 爹振荡amplitude modulation 爹amplitude reflectance 振幅反射度amplitude selector 振幅选择器amplitudetransmittance 振幅透过率anabatic wind 谷风anaclastics 屈光学anafront 上滑锋anallobar 正变压中心analog 数学模型analog circuit 模拟电路analog computer模拟计算机analog method相似法18analog signal 模拟信号analog switch 模拟开关analog to digitalconversion 模拟数字转换analog to digitalconverter a d 变换器模数变换器analogous 类似的analogue 数学模型analogue computer 模拟计算机analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 模拟analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis centre 分析中心analysis of covariance 协方差解析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis ofweather map 天气图分析analysis situs 拓扑学analytic 分析的analyticcontinuation 解析开拓analytic curve 分析曲线analyticdynamics 解析动力学analyticexpression 分析式analytic form 分析形式analytic function解析函数analyticgeometry 分析几何学analytic line 分析线analytic manifold分析簇analytic method分析法analyticperturbationtheory 解析微扰论analytic set 分析集analytic signal 分析信号analytic transformation 分析变换analytic vector 解析向量analytical balance 分析天平analytical dynamics 分析力学analytical mechanics 分析力学analyzer 分析器analyzing magnet 磁分析器anamorphoticlens 象歪曲透镜anastigmat 消象散透镜anastigmatic 去象散的anastigmaticlens 消象散透镜anastigmatism消象散性anchor ring 锚环19and circuit 与电路and or circuit 与或电路andersonlocalization 安德森定域anderson model安德森模型andersonorthogonalitytheorem 安德森正交定理anderson'sdelocalizationtheory 安德森非定域理论andreevreflection 安德列耶夫反射andromeda 仙女座andromedagalaxy 仙女座星云andromeda nebula 仙女座星云anechoic 无回声的anechoic chamber 无回声室anechoic room 静室anelasticity 滞弹性anemogram 风力自记曲线anemograph 风速计anemometer 风速表anemoscope 测风器风速仪anergy 无力aneroidbarograph 膜盒气压表aneroidbarometer 空盒气压表angle 角angle at centre中心角angle correlation角关联angle of advance超前角angle of attack迎角angle of contact接触角angle ofcontingence 切线角angle ofdeclination 偏角angle ofdeflection 偏转角angle ofdeviation 偏向角angle ofdiffraction 衍射角angle of friction摩擦角angle of incidence 入射角angle of intersection 交叉角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of minimum deviation 最小偏角angle of polarization 偏振角angle of reflection 反射角angle ofrefraction 折射角angle of rotation旋转角angle ofscattering 散射角angle of slide 滑动角20angle of view 视角angle preserving保角的angle preservingmap 保角映象angstrom 埃angstrom unit 埃单位angular 角的angularacceleration 角加速度angularcoefficient 角系数angularcoordinates 角座标angularcorrelation 角关联angularderivative 角微离angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular frequency 角频angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角度angularmomentum 角动量angularmomentumconservation law角动量守恒定律angular motion角动angular quantumnumber 角量子数angularresolution 角分辨率angularseparation 角距angular unit 角的单位angular velocity角速度angularvibrations 角振动anharmonic 非低的anharmonicoscillation 非谐振动anharmonicoscillator 非谐振子anharmonic ratio非低比anharmonic term非谐项anharmonicity非谐振性anhysteric magnetization curve 无磁滞曲线animal electricity 动物电anion 阴离子anisometric crystal 非等轴晶体anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropic exchange interaction 蛤异性交换相互酌anisotropic fluid 蛤异性铃anisotropichamiltonian 蛤异性哈密顿函数anisotropicmedium 蛤异性介质anisotropicsuperfluid 蛤异性超铃21anisotropicturbulence 蛤异性湍流anisotropicuniverse 蛤异性宇宙anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropyconstant 蛤异性常数anisotropyenergy 蛤异性能anisotropymagnetic field 蛤异性磁场anisotropy ratio蛤异性比annealing 退火annihilation 湮没annihilationoperator 湮没算符annihilationradiation 湮没辐射annual 年刊annual aberration 周年光行差annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual equation 周年差annual mean 年平均annual parallax 周年视差annual precession 年岁差annual range 年较差annual variation年变化annular 环annular eclipse环食annular focus 环形焦点annulation 取消anode 阳极anode battery 阳极电池组anodecompartment 阳极空间anode current 板极电流anode darkspace 阳极暗区anode detection板极检波anode fall 阳极势降anode glow 阳极辉光anode rays 极隧射线anode resistance板极电阻anode voltage 板极电压anomalistic 近点的anomalisticmonth 近点月anomalistic year 近点年anomalon 反常子anomaloscope 色盲检查镜anomalous 反常的anomalous absorption 反常吸收anomalous diffusion 反常扩散anomalous dimension 反常量纲22anomalousdispersion 反常色散anomalouselectricresistivity 反常电阻率anomalous halleffect 反常霍耳效应anomalousmagneticmoment 反常磁矩anomalouspropagation 反常传播anomalouspropagation ofsound 声的反常传播anomalousscattering 反常散射anomalous skineffect 反常囚效应anomaloustransmission 反常透射anomalouszeeman effect 反常塞曼效应anomaly 反常antagonism ofions 离子的对抗酌antapex 背点antarctic circle 南极圈antarctic circle ozon hole 南极圈臭氧孔antecedent 前项antenna 天线antenna aperture 天线孔径antenna array 天线阵antenna circuit 天线电路antenna current 天线电流antenna efficiency 天线效率antenna element天线元件antenna gain 天线增益antennaimpedance 天线阻抗antennaresistance 天线电阻antenna tuning天线党anthracene 蒽anti clockwise 反时针的anti corrosive 防锈剂;防锈的anti hyperon 反超子antiisomorphism 反同构性anti trade winds反信风anti trades 反信风antibaryon 反重子antibondingelectron 反键电子antibondingorbital 反键轨函数anticathode 对阴极anticoincidence 反符合anticoincidence analyzer 舛符合分析器anticoincidence circuit 反符合线路anticoincidence method 反符合法anticommutation relation 反对易关系anticommutative 反对易的23anticyclogenesis反气旋发生anticyclolysis 反气旋消散anticyclone 反气旋区域anticyclonic 反气旋的anticyclonicinversion 反气旋逆温antiderivative 不定积分antideuterium 反氘antideuteron 反氘核antiepicentre 震中对点antiferroelectrics反铁电体antiferromagnet反铁磁体antiferromagnetic domain 反铁磁畴antiferromagnetic resonance 反铁磁性共振antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antiferromagnon反铁磁振子antihadron 反强子antihydrogen 反氢antila 唧筒座antilepton 反轻子antilogarthm 反对数antimatter 反物质antimeson 反介子antimetrical circuit 相反电路antimonsoon 反季风antimony 锑antineutrino 反中微子antineutron 反中子antinomy 谬论antinucleon 反核子antiparallel 逆平行的antiparallelogram 等边梯形antiparticle 反粒子antiphaseboundary 反相边界antipod 对映体antiproton 反质子antiproton atom反质子原子antiproton beam反质子束antiquark 反夸克antireflectioncoating 透光镀膜;增透膜antiresonance反共振antistokes line反斯托克斯线antistokes ramanlaser 反斯托克斯喇曼激光器antisymmetric斜对称的antisymmetric tensor 斜对称张量;反对称张量24 antisymmetrical state 反对称态antisymmetry 反对称antithesis 反题antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antitriptic wind 减速风antitwilight 反曙暮光antiunitaryoperator 反幺正算符antlia 唧筒座antonoff rule 安托诺夫定则anvil 铁砧anvil cloud 砧状云anyon 任意子apastron 远星点aperiodic 非周期的aperiodicdamping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 口径aperturediaphragm 孔径光栏aperture ratio 口径比aperture stop 孔径光栏aperturesynthesis 孔径综合法apex 顶apex angle 顶角apex of the sun 太阳向点aphakic eye 欠晶眼aphelion 远日点apical angle 顶角aplanat 消球差镜aplanatic 等光程的aplanatic lens 消球差镜aplanatic point 等光程点aplanatism 消球差性apochromat 复消色差镜apochromatic 复消色差的apochromaticlens 复消色差镜apodization 切趾法apogee 远地点apolar 非极性的apollo 阿波罗飞船apollo typeasteroid 阿波罗型小行星apostilb 亚熙提apothem 垂幅apparatus 仪器装置25apparentabsorptioncoefficient 表观吸收系数apparent density视在密度apparentdiameter 视直径apparent force表观力apparent horizon可见地平apparent lifetime表观寿命apparentmagnitude 视星等apparent motion 视运动apparent noon 视午apparent orbit 视轨道apparent palce 视位apparent position 视位apparent solar day 真太阳日apparent solar time 真太阳时apparent structure 表观结构apparent sun 真太阳apparition 出现appearancepotential 表观势appendix 附录application 应用applied 应用的appliedacoustics 应用声学appliedclimatology 应用气候学applied elasticity应用弹性理论appliedmathematics 应用数学appliedmechanics 应用力学appliedmeteorology 应用气象学applied optics 应用光学applied physics应用物理学approach 接近approximability可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate caculation 近似计算approximate formula 近似公式approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate solution 近似解approximate value 近似值approximatintegr ation 近似积分approximation 近似approximation calculus 近似计算apsidal motion拱线运动apus 天燕座26apw method 增广平面波法aquarius 宝瓶座aqueous solution水溶液aquila 天鹰座ara 天坛座arc 电弧arc discharge 电弧放电arc lamp 弧光灯arc line 弧光谱线arc spectrum 电弧光谱arc trigonometricfunction 反三角函数archimedes'principle 阿基米德原理architecturalacoustics 建筑声学arctic circle 北极圈ardometer 光学高温计。
物理实验翻译
物理实验翻译
最近，物理实验翻译的重要性正在受到越来越多的重视。
物理实验翻译是指通过将物理实验设计、操作技术文档和实验结果转化为其他语言以传播科学知识的过程。
物理实验翻译需要专业的语言技能和对科学知识的深入了解，这对于将科学技术从一种语言转换到另一种语言，非常重要。
物理实验翻译是一个复杂的过程，需要译者充分了解源语言和目标语言，具备良好的文字功底。
除了符号和数学表达式，物理实验翻译还包括实验室用语、实验原理、设备以及实验手册。
这些都需要译者对科学知识有扎实的基础，以确保翻译准确无误、没有歧义。
物理实验翻译需要许多细节，译者必须改写原文，改变字面上的语义，改变句子结构，使它们更加流畅，而不失原文的大意。
同时，译者还需要充分理解技术文档的内容，以便对不可翻译的内容做出准确的判断。
物理实验翻译的难度常常是由于许多技术性的小细节，所以有时译者很难弄清楚这些小细节。
物理实验翻译也需要一定的文化背景知识。
例如，在翻译技术文档时，译者有时会遇到一些地域性问题，比如当地习俗、历史和文化，如果译者对这些内容不熟悉，那么翻译就会有一定难度。
此外，物理实验翻译在一个更广泛的范围内涉及到技术内容，其中既有文字翻译，也有图形、图像和视频翻译。
这就要求译者要有足够的技术能力，能够清楚地理解图形和图像的内容，才能正确
地转换到目标语言。
最近，物理实验翻译越来越受到重视，这种翻译方式使人们更加清楚地了解科学技术，从而为全球科学研究进程、科技发展提供了许多有价值的科学实验。
物理实验翻译需要译者具备多方面的技能，包括专业的语言能力、对科学知识的深入了解以及灵活的文字功底，以达到准确无误的翻译效果。
物理专业英语翻译方法
Dynamics is the study of forces and their effects on the motions of bodies. The cause of acceleration is a force exerted by some external agent or environment. The fundamental properties of force and the relationship between force and acceleration are given by Newton’s three laws of motion. The first of these laws describes the natural state of motion of a free body on which no external forces are acting, whereas the other two laws deal with the behavior of bodies under the influence of force.
6
Under the Harvest Moon
Under the havest moon, Under the summer roses, When the soft silver When the fragrant crimson Drips shimmering Lurks in the dusk Over the garden nights, Of the wild red leaves, Death, the gray mocker Love, with little hand, Comes and whispers to you With a thousand memories, As a beautiful friend And asks you Who remembers. Beautiful unanswerable quest