Fluent6.2燃料电池帮助手册
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2
∂T ∂x
2
∂T + ∂y
2
∂T + ∂z
2
Technical Support
If you encounter difficulties while using FLUENT, please first refer to the section(s) of the manual containing information on the commands you are trying to use or the type of problem you are trying to solve. The product documentation is available from the online help on the documentation CD, or from the Fluent Inc. User Services Center (www.fluentusers.com). If you encounter an error, please write down the exact error message that appeared and note as much information as you can about what you were doing in FLUENT. Then refer to the following resources available on the Fluent Inc. User Services Center (www.fluentusers.com): • Installation and System FAQs - link available from the main page on the User Services Center. The FAQs can be searched by word or phrase, and are available for general installation questions as well as for products. • Known defects for FLUENT - link available from the product page. The defects can be searched by word or phrase, and are listed by categories. • Online Technical Support - link available from the main page on the User Services Center. From the Online Technical Support Portal page, there is a link to the Search Solutions & Request Support page, where the solutions can be searched by word or phrase. The User Services Center also provides online forums, where you can discuss topics of mutual interest and share ideas and information with other Fluent users, and the ability to sign up for e-mail notifications on our latest product releases.
Typographical Conventions
Several typographical conventions are used in this manual’s text to facilitate your learning process.
• An informational icon ( • An warning icon (
– The operator ∇ · ∇, which is usually written as ∇2 and is known as the Laplacian; for example, ∇2 T = ∂2T ∂2T ∂2T + + ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
∇2 T is different from the expression (∇T )2 , which is defined as (∇T ) =
Using This Manual
– The divergence of a vector quantity, which is the inner product between ∇ and a vector; for example, ∇·v = ∂vx ∂vy ∂vz + + ∂x ∂y ∂z
i
) marks an important note.
! ) marks a warning.
• Different type styles are used to indicate graphical user interface menu items and text interface menu items (e.g., Iso-Surface panel, surface/iso-surface command). • The text interface type style is also used when illustrating exactly what appears on the screen or exactly what you need to type into a field in a panel. The information displayed on the screen is enclosed in a large box to distinguish it from the narrative text, and user inputs are often enclosed in smaller boxes. • A mini flow chart is used to indicate the menu selections that lead you to a specific command or panel. For example, Define −→Boundary Conditions... indicates that the Boundary Conditions... menu item can be selected from the Define pull-down menu, and display −→grid indicates that the grid command is available in the display text menu. The words before the arrows invoke menus (or submenus) and the arrows point from a specific menu toward the item you should select from that menu. In this
Airpak, FIDAP, FLUENT, FloWizard, GAMBIT, Icemax, Icepak, Icepro, MixSim, and POLYFLOW are registered trademarks of Fluent Inc. All other products or name brands are trademarks of their respective holders. CHEMKIN is a registered trademark of Reaction Design Inc. Portions of this program include material copyrighted by PathScale Corporation 2003-2004.
Biblioteka Baidu
– The gradient of a vector quantity is a second-order tensor; for example, in Cartesian coordinates, ∇(v ) = ∂ ∂ ∂ ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z vx ı + vy + vz k
Mathematical Conventions
• Where possible, vector quantities are displayed with a raised arrow (e.g., a, A). Boldfaced characters are reserved for vectors and matrices as they apply to linear algebra (e.g., the identity matrix, I). • The operator ∇, referred to as grad, nabla, or del, represents the partial derivative of a quantity with respect to all directions in the chosen coordinate system. In Cartesian coordinates, ∇ is defined to be ∂ ∂ ∂ ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z ∇ appears in several ways: – The gradient of a scalar quantity is the vector whose components are the partial derivatives; for example, ∇p = ∂p ∂p ∂p ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z
c Fluent Inc. January 4, 2005
UTM-1
Using This Manual
manual, mini flow charts usually precede a description of a panel or command, or a screen illustration showing how to use the panel or command. They allow you to look up information about a command or panel and quickly determine how to access it without having to search the preceding material. • The menu selections that will lead you to a particular panel are also indicated (usually within a paragraph) using a “/”. For example, Define/Materials... tells you to choose the Materials... menu item from the Define pull-down menu.
FLUENT 6.2 Fuel Cell Modules Manual
January 2005
Copyright c 2005 by Fluent Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or otherwise used in any form without express written permission from Fluent Inc.
This tensor is usually written as
∂vx ∂x ∂vy ∂x ∂vz ∂x ∂vx ∂y ∂vy ∂y ∂vz ∂y ∂vx ∂z ∂vy ∂z ∂vz ∂z
UTM-2
c Fluent Inc. January 4, 2005
Fluent Inc. Centerra Resource Park 10 Cavendish Court Lebanon, NH 03766
Using This Manual
What’s In This Manual
The FLUENT Fuel Cell Modules Manual tells you what you need to know to model polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fuel cells with FLUENT. In this manual, you will find background information pertaining to the models, a theoretical discussion of the models used in FLUENT, and a description of using the models for your CFD simulations.
∂T ∂x
2
∂T + ∂y
2
∂T + ∂z
2
Technical Support
If you encounter difficulties while using FLUENT, please first refer to the section(s) of the manual containing information on the commands you are trying to use or the type of problem you are trying to solve. The product documentation is available from the online help on the documentation CD, or from the Fluent Inc. User Services Center (www.fluentusers.com). If you encounter an error, please write down the exact error message that appeared and note as much information as you can about what you were doing in FLUENT. Then refer to the following resources available on the Fluent Inc. User Services Center (www.fluentusers.com): • Installation and System FAQs - link available from the main page on the User Services Center. The FAQs can be searched by word or phrase, and are available for general installation questions as well as for products. • Known defects for FLUENT - link available from the product page. The defects can be searched by word or phrase, and are listed by categories. • Online Technical Support - link available from the main page on the User Services Center. From the Online Technical Support Portal page, there is a link to the Search Solutions & Request Support page, where the solutions can be searched by word or phrase. The User Services Center also provides online forums, where you can discuss topics of mutual interest and share ideas and information with other Fluent users, and the ability to sign up for e-mail notifications on our latest product releases.
Typographical Conventions
Several typographical conventions are used in this manual’s text to facilitate your learning process.
• An informational icon ( • An warning icon (
– The operator ∇ · ∇, which is usually written as ∇2 and is known as the Laplacian; for example, ∇2 T = ∂2T ∂2T ∂2T + + ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
∇2 T is different from the expression (∇T )2 , which is defined as (∇T ) =
Using This Manual
– The divergence of a vector quantity, which is the inner product between ∇ and a vector; for example, ∇·v = ∂vx ∂vy ∂vz + + ∂x ∂y ∂z
i
) marks an important note.
! ) marks a warning.
• Different type styles are used to indicate graphical user interface menu items and text interface menu items (e.g., Iso-Surface panel, surface/iso-surface command). • The text interface type style is also used when illustrating exactly what appears on the screen or exactly what you need to type into a field in a panel. The information displayed on the screen is enclosed in a large box to distinguish it from the narrative text, and user inputs are often enclosed in smaller boxes. • A mini flow chart is used to indicate the menu selections that lead you to a specific command or panel. For example, Define −→Boundary Conditions... indicates that the Boundary Conditions... menu item can be selected from the Define pull-down menu, and display −→grid indicates that the grid command is available in the display text menu. The words before the arrows invoke menus (or submenus) and the arrows point from a specific menu toward the item you should select from that menu. In this
Airpak, FIDAP, FLUENT, FloWizard, GAMBIT, Icemax, Icepak, Icepro, MixSim, and POLYFLOW are registered trademarks of Fluent Inc. All other products or name brands are trademarks of their respective holders. CHEMKIN is a registered trademark of Reaction Design Inc. Portions of this program include material copyrighted by PathScale Corporation 2003-2004.
Biblioteka Baidu
– The gradient of a vector quantity is a second-order tensor; for example, in Cartesian coordinates, ∇(v ) = ∂ ∂ ∂ ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z vx ı + vy + vz k
Mathematical Conventions
• Where possible, vector quantities are displayed with a raised arrow (e.g., a, A). Boldfaced characters are reserved for vectors and matrices as they apply to linear algebra (e.g., the identity matrix, I). • The operator ∇, referred to as grad, nabla, or del, represents the partial derivative of a quantity with respect to all directions in the chosen coordinate system. In Cartesian coordinates, ∇ is defined to be ∂ ∂ ∂ ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z ∇ appears in several ways: – The gradient of a scalar quantity is the vector whose components are the partial derivatives; for example, ∇p = ∂p ∂p ∂p ı+ + k ∂x ∂y ∂z
c Fluent Inc. January 4, 2005
UTM-1
Using This Manual
manual, mini flow charts usually precede a description of a panel or command, or a screen illustration showing how to use the panel or command. They allow you to look up information about a command or panel and quickly determine how to access it without having to search the preceding material. • The menu selections that will lead you to a particular panel are also indicated (usually within a paragraph) using a “/”. For example, Define/Materials... tells you to choose the Materials... menu item from the Define pull-down menu.
FLUENT 6.2 Fuel Cell Modules Manual
January 2005
Copyright c 2005 by Fluent Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or otherwise used in any form without express written permission from Fluent Inc.
This tensor is usually written as
∂vx ∂x ∂vy ∂x ∂vz ∂x ∂vx ∂y ∂vy ∂y ∂vz ∂y ∂vx ∂z ∂vy ∂z ∂vz ∂z
UTM-2
c Fluent Inc. January 4, 2005
Fluent Inc. Centerra Resource Park 10 Cavendish Court Lebanon, NH 03766
Using This Manual
What’s In This Manual
The FLUENT Fuel Cell Modules Manual tells you what you need to know to model polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fuel cells with FLUENT. In this manual, you will find background information pertaining to the models, a theoretical discussion of the models used in FLUENT, and a description of using the models for your CFD simulations.