自考英语语法串讲
00015英语(二)串讲资料
自考“英语(二)”串讲资料语法主要考哪些项目?英语(二)最常考的语法项目包括:动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。
* 最常考的时态:现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。
* 最常考的非谓语动词:独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。
* 最常考的虚拟语气:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。
* 最常考的定语从句:where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。
* 名词性从句:what,whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。
* 状语从句:now that,in that,in case,as,while 引导的状语从句。
哪些词最有可能考单词拼写?严格来说,只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中,但是从历年考题可以看出,某些词的命中率要高于其它词,有些词甚至反复考过,这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。
在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇,下面是我总结的英语(二)常考单词的特点:* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词,如:victim,gesture 等;* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词,如:dumb,subtle等。
* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词,如:tube.* 从词性上来看,最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。
在复习这些单词时,一定要以考试大纲为准,而不能只背教材后面的生词表。
一方面,教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词,完全不会考到;另一方面,对英语(二)来说,从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一,不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。
同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性,确保背一个记准一个,而不能只是记个大概,最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。
复习建议针对上述预测,我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢?下面是我推荐的三步复习法。
自考英语语法串讲
《英语语法》串讲讲义课程介绍一、课程性质《现代英语语法》是高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)的一门选修课,主要面向具有相当于英语专业本科二年级以上水平并有志参加高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)考试的学生。
《现代英语语法》理论与实践并重,既是一部语法理论著作,有宏观的理论概述,对英语语言结构作了比较系统的描写。
又可作为教学参考书,它根据教学要求精选语法项目、设计篇章结构,有取有舍,自成体系,既有知识性,又有实践性。
本教程中例子丰富,在历年试题中直接从教材中选择的例句数量相当多,这就要求学员在学习的过程中能确实看懂例子,能真正理解理论并能把理论应用于实践。
二、教材的选用《现代英语语法》课程所选用教材是全国高等教育自学考试指定教材,该书由李基安主编,外语教学与研究出版社出版。
三、章节体系为了便于各位学员复习应考,我们的串讲严格按照教材章节来讲。
共十六章,每章主要以哪种形式命题以及哪些是高频考点我在讲解的什么都会提到,以帮助大家在以后的复习中做到有的放矢,迅速抓住重点内容,以取得事半功倍的效果。
考情分析一、历年真题的分布情况根据对《现代英语语法》近5年考题(注:全国每年统考:4月,有些省份7月还有一次,浙江省每年10月份也有语法考试)分析,可以看出哪些部分是全书的重点章,具体看下列表格中的黑体。
二、题型分析《现代英语语法》的考试题型包括五种:单项选择题、填空题、改错题、改写句子、简答题。
根据对近5年的试题进行分析,可以发现题型有变化,但总的题量没变,仍然是74个题目。
09年4月前(含09年4月)共7大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、选择填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)如:21. were, was, had, animal, animalsSmall amounts of land ________ used for keeping ________. (该例选自0904)三、填空题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)A. Fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. I think I’ve lost that green scarf of mine; I can’t find it ________.B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:34. It is time we ________ (think) about drawing up a detailed plan for the project.四、改错题(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)五、改句(本大题共13小题,每小题2分,共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.六、名词解释(本大题共2小题,每小题2分,共4分)Define the following terms with examples.七、简答题(本大题共3小题,每小题2分,共6分)Answer the following questions.10年4月开始(含1004)共五大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、填空题(本大题共28小题,共36分)Section A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)Section B. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. (共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)三、改错题(本大题共l 2小题,每小题1分,共12分)四、改句题(本大题共1 2小题,每小题2分,共24分)五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)从以上题型变化分析,我们可以看出1004把09年4月(前)的第二、三题合成了一个大题,并且少了名词解释的题型,因此总的题型少了两个。
自考《英语二》内容串讲备考资料
英语二内容串讲阅读三重境界*彻底糊涂:细节*彻底明白:细节+主旨*似懂非懂:翻译阅读四项能力词能、句能、篇能、考能词能第一一、五个猜词绝招1.利用上下文确定词义例1:He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.例2:Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.例3:A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student.例4:The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep.2.利用构词法确定词义例1:Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.例2:They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions.例3:The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.3.利用语法知识确定词义例1:For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person.例2:A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.例3:Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.例4:The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义表示反义的信号词:in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to……例1:My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.例2:Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.例3:A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others.5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义例1:Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.例2:Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.二、词的构成:常见的前缀和后缀前缀:改变词义,不改变词性后缀:改变词性,不改变词义前缀:en-/em-;否定前缀;后缀:名词后缀;形容词后缀;动词后缀;副词后缀前缀en-, em- “使…”enable v. 使能够eg: The pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价。
自学考试《英语(二)》串讲资料(一)
主要内容 试卷分析和最新出题思路 重点语法 备考要诀及学习⽅法 最新英语(⼆)试卷主观题统计数据 考题 满分 平均分 单词拼写 10 2.48 词形填空 10 2.17 汉译英 15 5.53 英译汉 15 10.75 总分 50 20.93 最新出题思路 (1)与课⽂的关系 往年与课⽂有关的⼤题:第⼀、第四、第五和第六⼤题 近年与课⽂有关的⼤题:第四和第六⼤题 建议:熟读课⽂,掌握课⽂中的⼤纲词汇,特别留意课⽂中体现重点语法和经典句型的句⼦。
(2)与课⽂⽆关的⼤题:第⼆、第三、第七⼤题。
⽂章选材:主要涉及社会⽂化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和⽣活常识等内容。
建议:⼴泛阅读此类题材的⽂章,是中英⽂对照版本。
推荐杂志:《英语沙龙》,《⼤学英语》,《英语学习》。
每道题的考点: 第⼀题:词汇语法题 主要考点:定语从句、名词性从句的引导词;状语从句的连接词;词汇辨析;固定搭配;常⽤句型。
近年来词汇题⽐重增加。
建议:通过学习教材上下册,熟练掌握基本语法,背熟⼤纲词汇,加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的⽐较,牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例: 1. At the end of 1994 the pitish government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers. [A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect A 2. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting. [A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over B 3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes. [A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which B 第⼆题:完型填空题 主要考点:除了第⼀⼤题已提到的考点外,还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的⽤法。
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
名词
主题:即作者想要说明的人或事
The students
learn
English.
基本上来说,一个英语句子最简单的组成方式就是“主谓宾”了,我们
也把这种结构称之为句子的主干或者‘裸句’,也就是说任何英语句子要先
具备“主谓宾”结构才是在语法上正确的句子。同时“主谓宾”也是任何
复杂句的前提。
第二类
【主语 + 系动词 + 表语】
攻略 《语法》中包括:词性与句子成分,时态,被动语态,非谓语动词
复合句,情态动词,倒装句,强调句,虚拟语气, 形容词副词比较级与最高级,介词与介词短语等在 我们自考英语中涉及到的基础语法点。 《题型》中包括:阅读判断,阅读选择,概括段落大意与补全句子, 填句补文,填词补文,完型补文 《作文》中包括:英语二会涉及到的议论文和英语一中会涉及的应用 文
二 课程结构
自考英语(一)和自考英语(二)自 2013 年 10 起采用新的教材和考 试题型(山东校除外)。就目前为数不多的几次新题型考试来看,难度远远 低于官方教材的难度。鉴于这种情况,我们的课程不采用官方教材来开展, 而是由我们的老师编写出了四本“学程自考提分档案”,分别是:词汇, 语法,新题型和作文。 其中《词汇》中包括:高频词汇的精讲;常见词缀;十大功能词;单词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语,改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型,更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化,建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下,将词汇,语 法与新题型紧密结合,再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破,以达到 事半功倍的效果。
自考00015英语(二)串讲资料6
自考00015英语(二)串讲资料(6)备考要诀重视课文,英语一考上册,英语二以下册A课文为主,但是上册课文的语法和词汇是学习下册的基础。
吃透重点语法:非谓语动词、动词时态和语态、虚拟语气、比较级、定语从句,等。
背单词要讲究技巧,以大纲词汇为准,不要孤立地背单词,以词组为主,重视搭配;加强阅读,选择难度适当的阅读材料,重在训练阅读技巧,提高速度和效率。
推荐材料:1)大学英语自学教程》(上下册),高远主编,高教出版社。
2)《大学英语自学教程——自学与自测指导》(上下册),高远主编,北航出版社。
3)自考大纲4)全国高等自学考试英语(一)和英语(二)模拟试卷与应试指导》高远主编,高等教育出版社。
结束语Before God we are equally wise—equally foolish.(Albert Einstein)I.每道题的考点第一题:词汇和结构历年试题举例:1.At the end of 1994 the pitish government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.[A]protect suspect[C]expect[D]inspect词义辨析2.I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.[A]downup[C]out[D]over搭配3.By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes.[A]in whichfrom which[C]over which[D]with which定语从句2.Almost everything a manager does ___ decisions;indeed,some suggest that the management process is decision making.[A]imposesimprovises[C]involves[D]indicates3.American men don‘t cry because it is considered not ___ of men to do so.[A]characteristictolerant[C]symbolic[D]independent4.In every major city there are more ___ apartments than there are homeless people.[A]blankvacant[C]empty[D]bare[提示]:搭配主要涉及介词和名词、形容词和介词、动词和名词、形容词和名词等的搭配。
自考英语语法重点串讲资料
Part 1 动词主要时态和语态表1.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动: do / did / will do被动: are done / were done / will be done2.现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动: are doing / were doing / will be doing被动: are being done / were being done3.现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动: have done / had done / will have done被动: have been done / had been done现在完成进行时主动: have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用1.现在完成时,过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语:up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years,by the end of this week, by the year of 1995汉语提示语:已经,早已,了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时:从过去一直持续到现在,没有间断。
汉语提示语:一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.I’ve often been thinking of you.He’s been worrying about her safety.Obviously she’s been crying.All these years he’s been traveling.过去完成时:1) said, reported, thought等引导的间接引语中。
自考英语(一)英语语法基础详细讲解-连词
自考英语(一)英语语法基础详细讲解:连词连词连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。
1 并列连词与并列结构并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1)and 与or判断改错:(错) They sat down and talk about something.(错) They started to dance and sang.(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(对) They sat down and talked about something.(对) They started to dance and sing.(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析:第一句:and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk 应改为talked。
第二句:and 连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang 应改为sing。
第三句:and 连接感不雅动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper 应改为whispering。
注意:and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。
(or也有此用法)Make up your mind, and you’ll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you’ll get the chance.One more effort, and you’ll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you’ll succeed.2)both …and两者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3)not only…but (also), as well as不单…并且)She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意:not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必需倒装。
自考《英语(二)》串讲资料(二)
2. ⾮谓语动词 动词主要时态和语态⼀览表 ⾮谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 ⼀般式 doing 主动,正在进⾏ 被动式 being done 被动,正在进⾏ 完成主动式 having done 主动,已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动,已经完成 过去分词 done 被动,已经完成 动词不定式 ⼀般式 to do 主动,将要进⾏ 被动式 to be done 被动,将要进⾏ 完成主动式 to have done 主动,已经完成 进⾏主动式 to be doing 主动,正在进⾏ ⾮谓语动词作状语 ?动词不定式:1)⽬的状语;2)结果状语 e.g. I came here to meet you. (⽬的) He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (结果) ?分词:1)伴随状语;2)原因状语;3)条件状语 4)让步状语;5)时间状语 e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. (时间) Being very tired, my father didn‘t go out with us. (原因) Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因) Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件) ⾮谓语动词,状语从句和独⽴结构 ? Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语) ? After having done their homework, the children began to play. (连词+分词) ? After they had done their homework, the children began to play. (状语从句) ? With homework done, the children began to play. (独⽴结构) ⾮谓语动词作定语 ? If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make)。
自考英语(二)考前串讲:UNIT21
医生给病人的颈部动手术。
He was operated on for lung cancer.
他因肺癌动了手术。
政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。
vi.倒塌,崩溃
The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.
屋顶被雪压塌了。
The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.
会谈了几次之后,谈判破裂了。
launch out into 开始,着手进行
Our army launched an attack on the enemy.
我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。
The police launched an investigation into the case.
警察对此案开展了调查。
这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。
The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.
猎人把矛向狼掷去。
A new ship has been successfully launched.
一条新船已成功地下水。
vt ./vi.发动,发起(运动等)
The research group launched out into a series of new experiment.
研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。
④ operate
vi. 1、运转,起作用;2、动手术(on,upon)
The elevator operates smoothly.
(完整word版)自考英语(二)串讲讲义
自考《英语(二)》串讲第一部分:课程介绍一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成“英语(一)”课程内容基础上,培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识,包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量(4500),并熟悉英语语言的表达方式.二、命题“英语(二)”命题按照标准化测试要求设计。
命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定.部分命题素材取自《英语(二)自学教程》。
统考以阅读和写作为主,听、说不做统考要求。
考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题,分别占卷面总分的55%和45%。
试卷由七部分组成,包括:阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。
现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下:第一部分阅读判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节,推断隐含表达的内容,理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度;能够根据上下文推测生词意义,理解句间关系和语篇结构。
该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料,根据语言难度作适当调整,对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词,用汉语注明词义。
所选短文题材覆盖广泛,涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁.该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上,对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断,有的信息是正确的,有的是错误的,有的文中没有提到。
该部分共10小题。
每小题1分,共计10分.特别提示:与以往《英语(二)》的阅读理解设题形式相比,该题更注重文章中的细节。
与四六级06年改革后的新题型中快速阅读的最初形式类似(Yes,No, Not given).第二部分阅读选择该部分要求考生:理解文章主旨和要义;把握文章的基本结构;理解文中说明要点的事实和细节;作出简单推理和判断;根据上下文推断生词的释义;领会作者的意图、观点和态度.该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文,题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题,文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
4
第一章 词性与句子成分 The male students learn American English.
carefully
当我们在 learn 前面加上 “carefully”时,它可以告诉你 learn 这个动 作的状态;
另外: She is beautiful.
very
当我们 beautiful 前加上 very 这个副词的时候,我们瞬间可以知道这个 形容词的程度。综上,我们可以知道状语最常用的即为副词---会出现在有 动词和形容词出现的地方;当然,副词还可以修饰整个句子,例如:
第一节:两类基础句子结构:
呢?我们将会在这一节当中解决上面我们提出的问题,同时,这 一部分,也是我们了解英语句子奥秘,提升阅读和写作能力的基 础单元。
1
学程自考提分档案
Xue Cheng Zi Kao Ti Fen Dang An
第一节:两类基础句子结构:
第一类
【主语 + 谓语 + 宾语】
名词
动词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语,改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型,更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化,建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下,将词汇,语 法与新题型紧密结合,再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破,急,也不拖拉,只要一步一步往前走,总会到达。 ——乔伊斯
假如人生是一次长征,水远山长,我们总期许在路上能得一知心人 相随。
倘若学习是一段旅程,越好的光景,就越鲜有人能如愿得见。在自 考这条并非坦途的旅程中,学程自考人愿做知心同路者伴你结结实实走 一遭,看尽沿途的风景,共浴旅途的汗水,收获终点的幸福。
自学考试英语二串讲资料三(1)
自学考试英语二串讲资料三(1)7. 词汇和短语1)这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。
This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate‘s personal characteristics2)机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢?In what fields will robots take over human tasks?3)在表达本身的意见时,我们应该力求客不雅。
.In expressing our opinions,we should try to be as objective as possible.4)从某种程度上来说,她的失败是由于运气不好。
To some degree,she owed her failure to bad luck.5)图书办理员要求学生读完杂志后放回原处。
The librarian asked the students to replace the magazines after reading.6)他对妻子要离开他的威胁没有在意。
He took no notice of his wife‘s threat to leave him.7)这个由10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。
The panel / committee / board consisting of /(which was)composed of/(which was)made up of/which consisted of/ten/10 member supported the decision with one voice / all supported the decision.8)科学家们将不得不提出增加世界粮食供应的新办法。
Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world‘s food supply.9)企业必需对市场需求敏感。
自考“英语(二)”串讲资料(2)
2. 从句 ――――定语从句,名词从句和状语从句 1.It was there, the police believe, _____ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. untilB. whichC. thatD. when 2.It is not yet known _____ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. how 3.Such attitudes amount to a belief _____ leisure can and should be put to good use.A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. that 4. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech (⾼技术)products.A. whereB. whichC. asD. that 5. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. in that 6.Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.A. thatB. which C .in which D. in that 7. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. who 9. There is no doubt _____ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery.A. whatB. ofC. ifD. that 10. Such people _____ you describe are nowadays.A. asB. thatC. whoD. which 11. Was it in that school _____ he developed his interest in physics?A. whichB. from whichC. whereD. that 12. Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter _____ he really needs is encouragement?A. when thatB. since thatC. when whatD. now that 13. _____, I couldn‘t get a job in this company.A. Try as I mightB. As I might tryC. Try though I mightD. I might try 14. It is a well-known fact ____ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether 15. Very few people understood this contract, _____was very obscure.A. the languageB. the language of whichC. all it saidD. which it had said 16. Management often works hard to set up a situation _____work is done in series.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what 17. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders ____will happen to his family life.A. itB. thatC. whatD. this 18. We cannot leave this tough job to a person _____.A. who nobody has confidenceB. in whom nobody has confidenceC. for whom nobody has confidenceD. who everyone has confidence of 19. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is _____ the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. why 20.Robots differ from automatic machines _____ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.A. so thatB. in whichC. given thatD. in that 21. His name will be crossed out from the list _____ he makes the same mistake again.A. ifB. unlessC. becauseD. though 22. Five minutes earlier, _____we may have caught the gunman.A. andB. butC. orD. so 23. _____ I‘m supposed to work by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.A. If onlyB. So long asC. Even ifD. As far as 24. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, _____ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting .A. whileB. afterC. sinceD. as 25. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it.A. untilB. if onlyC. in caseD. unless 26. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, _____ there is no “absolute” time and space.A. so thatB. even ifC. in caseD. in order 27. In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme _____ with a completed composition.A. butB. thanC. asD. that 28. You must push away the many temptations that are always present _____ your schedule is useless.A. andB. butC. orD. for 3. ⽐较级和级 1. The more time you waste, the _____(easy)it is to continue wasting time. 2.The _____ (far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. 3.The greenest and _____ (plentiful) leaves are the leaves of grasses living all over the world. 4.We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the _____ (old) its population is likely to be. rge or fat people who want to look _____(small)than they are usually wear dark clothes. 6. As Jane was the _____ (old), she looked after the other children in the family. 7. The effect of rapid travel on the body is actually far _____ (disturb) than we realize. 8. The _____ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. 9.He was unable to sit still for _____ (long) than a few minutes. 10.The more stress you are under, _____ (likely) you are to catch a cold. 11. Is this because pupils from Britain‘s private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools, or are they simply _____ (well) prepared? 12. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as _____ (raw) of raw materials crying to be processed into the texture of logic. 13. The _______ (good) he feels, the more work he will do. 4. 词形转换 1.The continuing professional education of _____ (high) educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. 2.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____ (trick) situation. 3.These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____ (specialize) in its function. 4. The child was playing _____ (danger) near the edge of the swimming pool. 5.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _____(appreciate)of your help. 6.Robots, becoming ___(increase)prevalent in factories, are programmed and engineered to do more jobs. 7.The author of the text expresses a strong _____(disapprove)of working on and off frequently. 8. The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy ______(consume)。
自考英语(二)串讲(珍藏版)
自考英语串讲(二)(珍藏版)上册Grammar & UsageSubject Verb Agreement(Ⅰ)1.主谓一致的三条原则(1)语法一致,即在语法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.(2)意义一致,即根据意义来处理一致关系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.Ten dollars was a lot of money at that time.(3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
There is a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.2.集体名词作主语时与动词的一致(1)当主语为furniture,equipment,machinery等词时,谓语动词通常用单数。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.(2)集体名词如people,cattle,police,poultry等往往作复数用。
Some people drive madly in this country.Many cattle have died because of the flood.(3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等词被视作一个整体时,其后的动词用单数;被视为构成整体的个体时,其后的动词则为复数。
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《英语语法》串讲讲义课程介绍一、课程性质《现代英语语法》是高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)的一门选修课,主要面向具有相当于英语专业本科二年级以上水平并有志参加高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)考试的学生。
《现代英语语法》理论与实践并重,既是一部语法理论著作,有宏观的理论概述,对英语语言结构作了比较系统的描写。
又可作为教学参考书,它根据教学要求精选语法项目、设计篇章结构,有取有舍,自成体系,既有知识性,又有实践性。
本教程中例子丰富,在历年试题中直接从教材中选择的例句数量相当多,这就要求学员在学习的过程中能确实看懂例子,能真正理解理论并能把理论应用于实践。
二、教材的选用《现代英语语法》课程所选用教材是全国高等教育自学考试指定教材,该书由李基安主编,外语教学与研究出版社出版。
三、章节体系为了便于各位学员复习应考,我们的串讲严格按照教材章节来讲。
共十六章,每章主要以哪种形式命题以及哪些是高频考点我在讲解的什么都会提到,以帮助大家在以后的复习中做到有的放矢,迅速抓住重点内容,以取得事半功倍的效果。
考情分析一、历年真题的分布情况根据对《现代英语语法》近5年考题(注:全国每年统考:4月,有些省份7月还有一次,浙江省每年10月份也有语法考试)分析,可以看出哪些部分是全书的重点章,具体看下列表格中的黑体。
二、题型分析《现代英语语法》的考试题型包括五种:单项选择题、填空题、改错题、改写句子、简答题。
根据对近5年的试题进行分析,可以发现题型有变化,但总的题量没变,仍然是74个题目。
09年4月前(含09年4月)共7大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、选择填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)如:21. were, was, had, animal, animalsSmall amounts of land ________ used for keeping ________. (该例选自0904)三、填空题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)A. Fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. I think I’ve lost that green scarf of mine; I can’t find it ________.B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:34. It is time we ________ (think) about drawing up a detailed plan for the project.四、改错题(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)五、改句(本大题共13小题,每小题2分,共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.六、名词解释(本大题共2小题,每小题2分,共4分)Define the following terms with examples.七、简答题(本大题共3小题,每小题2分,共6分)Answer the following questions.10年4月开始(含1004)共五大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、填空题(本大题共28小题,共36分)Section A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)Section B. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. (共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)三、改错题(本大题共l 2小题,每小题1分,共12分)四、改句题(本大题共1 2小题,每小题2分,共24分)五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)从以上题型变化分析,我们可以看出1004把09年4月(前)的第二、三题合成了一个大题,并且少了名词解释的题型,因此总的题型少了两个。
学员答题时要注意以下两点:(1)计划答题时间。
针对较大的题量,重要的是合理分布做题的时间。
先易后难,先熟后生。
暂时拿不准的切记做明显的标记,以防在检查时忘记。
(2)按题目要求答题。
一定要审清题,看懂语法术语是关键。
(语法术语在下面一部分各章节串讲时会进行归纳)最后提醒学员注意答题的规范要求。
答案是需要答在答题卡上的,在写答案时一定注意填写要求。
三、本课程的复习方法在最后的临考复习阶段,学员应着重注意以下问题:1. 依据《现代英语语法》考试大纲的要求,在前面系统学习的基础上,对重点章节要仔细阅读,对考频高的考点要重点理解和熟练应用。
2. 参考历年考题在对教材有一定的把握后,学员应当参阅以往的考题,通过对历年的考题分析了解并能准确抓住个章节的命题侧重点。
3. 系统训练应对应试教育的方法离不开习题的训练。
到目前这个阶段,学员应以真题为主,同时适当地做几套综合性模拟题,考查自己对教材的重点内容能否融会贯通。
回顾并复习以往的错题,找出自己的薄弱环节,有的放矢,切忌平均用力。
内容串讲关于教材内容的串讲,我们严格按照教材上的章节来讲,即共十六章,以便于各位学员复习应考。
Chapter 1 The Structure of the English Sentence一、复习建议本章是全书的绪论,简明扼要地介绍了本书所涉及的内容,目的是使学员对语法有个总的了解,为后面学习各章节打好基础。
由于绪论中大部分内容比较简单,所以有一定语法基础的学员可以快读和跳读。
因为该章内容比较基础,概括性较强,所以历年考试中涉及的很少,只在2007年4月的考试中考查了简单动词和复杂动词的区别。
二、本章重要知识点【例题】1. What is the difference between a simple verb phrase and a complex verb phrase? (P16)本题的关键在于对简单动词和复杂动词区别的理解记忆。
【答案】The difference is that the former goes without auxiliaries and the latter goes with it.【例题】2. Distinguish root, stem, and base as morphological terms. 词根、词干、词基作为形态学术语的区别(P8)【答案】A root is that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed. (e.g. force in enforce and touch in untouchables). A root is not further analyzable in morphologicalterms. A stem has to do with inflectional features and is the part that remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. (e.g. chair in chairs, work in worked). A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added (e.g. touch in touchable, touchable in untouchable, and untouchable in untouchables). 去掉所有词缀剩余的那一部分叫词根。
从形态学上无法将词根进一步划分;词干和词的屈折变化有关,是去掉词的所有屈折词缀后剩余的那一部分;词基是可以加任何词缀的任何形式。
Chapter 2 Sentence Types一、复习建议本章主要讨论英语中四种基本句子类型(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句)的语法功能和交际功能。
不规则附加疑问句是本章近几年来考查的首要重点,不仅多次以改写句子的题型进行考查,也多次以单项选择或填空题的形式进行考查,学员要务必掌握该知识点。
否定句中否定词的选择考查的也不少,仅在2009年4月一套试卷中就考查了四次,因此也要重点掌握。
本章重要术语:declarative(s)陈述句;interrogative(s)疑问句;imperative(s)祈使句;exclamative(s)/ exclamations感叹句;assertive肯定的;assertion肯定;non-assertive非肯定的;non-assertion非肯定;negative否定的;negation否定;semi-negative半否定词;transferred negation否定转移;tag question/question tag附加疑问句;modal auxiliaries情态动词二、本章重要知识点(一)否定词的选择1.否定句可以用不同的形式来加强否定语气,常用的加强词是never,如I’ve never been there before.的语气比I haven’t been there before.强。
另外还有其他的加强感情色彩的词。
如:She does n’t like him at all.I’ve never in all my life seen such a swarm of ants.Not a single candidate managed to pass the test.These goods are by no means satisfactory.2. none和neither 是两个相关的否定词,none相当于not any(用于三个或三个以上),neither 相当于not one nor the other(用于两个之间)。
如:They have tested several samples, but none is of the quality required.They proposed two solutions, but neither seemed available to us.3.否定也可以通过半否定词来实现,即意义上否定而形式上不否定的词,包括:seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely, little, few等。