英语中介词的用法

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介词的用法

一、表示时间日期的介词

1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点

at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us

固定搭配: at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time, at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。 at the news at 主要表示时间点

表示特定的时间 at night a.m. 在九点钟表示不确定的时间 at night, at that time, at Christmas 在圣诞期间当天 on

表示年龄段 at the age of eight 在8岁

2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配

in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time .in 主要表示时间段

一般指相对较长的时间段里 in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years 在…时间之后,用于将来时 He will be back in a month. 介词in在短语或句型中的省略:

1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。 be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙于……)

2) 某些动词如busy等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。 busy oneself (in) doing

3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。 spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing

4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。

5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public, in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air

3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。

固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one’s own 注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。

一般的节日名词前用on。 on 主要指具体某一天

表示是具体的日期和星期 on Monday, on October 1st,1949. on my birthday

某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31,1999. on a fine day

在第几天 on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.

4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。

固定搭配:by the village, by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,

二、表示地点,方位的介词

5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。

固定搭配:make sth. for sb., thank sb. for sth., for example, for sale,for free, for 表示一段时间

表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.

6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。 of所有格表示的多种关系:

1)从属关系:the wheel of the car

2)局部----整体关系:some of the water

3)量化关系:a cup of tea

4)描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授)

5)同位关系: the city of Beijing

6)动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)

7)主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)

固定搭配: be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of,

7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。固定搭配to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public, thanks to, stick to,refer to

8.during 表示一段时间

在…期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事y

I studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning E nglish. 可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词 during my visit to China, during my holiday

9.from 与to, till连用

Most people work from nine to five. 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活

10.since,since+时间点从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用

He has been here since last Sunday. 自从上星期天起,她就在这里

四、容易错、常考的介词及搭配

1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in

2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up

3. on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒)

4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.

5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对……感到满意)

7. with the help of,under the leadership of

8. by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way

9. out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能)

10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.

11. be thankful to sb. for sth.

12. steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.

13. insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth.

14. set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.

15. look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,lead the cow by the nose

16. do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour

五、介词的惯用型

1. above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all

2. day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another

3. at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner

4. by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident, by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠),by the way

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