高尔夫规则修改的翻译

Rules of Golf
高尔夫规则
Definitions
定义
Addressing the Ball
击球准备
The Definition is amended so that a player has addressed the ball simply by grounding his club immediately in front of or behind the ball, regardless of whether or not he has taken his stance. Therefore, the Rules generally no longer provide for a player addressing the ball in a hazard. (See also related change to Rule 18-2b)
击球准备的定义修改成了，如果球员将球杆放在球前或者球后，便视为做好击球准备，而不管球员是否做好了站位，也就是说，由于在沙坑击球前是干头不能接触到沙坑的，所以沙坑里是没有做好击球准备的说法的。

如果发生做好击球准备后球移动的情况，在本次修订中18－2b的修订，见下
Rules
规则
Rule 1-2. Exerting Influence on Movement of Ball or Altering
Physical Conditions
对球的运动施加影响或者改变球的物理条件
The Rule is amended to establish more clearly that, if a player intentionally takes an action to influence the movement of a ball or to alter physical conditions affecting the playing of a hole in a way that is not permitted by the Rules, Rule 1-2 applies only when the action is not already covered
in another Rule. For example, a player improving the lie of his ball is in breach of Rule 13-2 and therefore that Rule would apply, whereas a player intentionally improving the lie of a fellow-competitor’s ball is not a situation covered by Rule 13-2 and, therefore, is governed by Rule 1-2.
本次修订使规则1-2的应用说明更加清晰。

如果球手故意违反其它规则去影响球的运动或改变它的物料条件，（由于有其它规则）并不算违反规则1-2。

而如果球手对球施加的影响并没有相应的规则解释或涵盖，规则1-2适用。

举例：球员改善自己的球位属于违反规则13－2，按13－2处置便是（罚2杆），不用涉及1－2；但13－2对球员有意改善其他人球位的行为没有明确，便应该执行1－2。

Rule 6-3a. Time of Starting
出发时间
Rule 6-3a is amended to provide that the penalty for starting late, but within five minutes of the starting time, is reduced from disqualification to loss of the first hole in match play or two strokes at the first hole in stroke play. Previously this penalty reduction could be introduced as a condition of
competition。

规则6－3a修改了处罚，对于迟到在开球后5分钟内，由原来的取消资格改为比洞赛首洞判负，比杆赛第一洞罚2杆。

Rule 12-1. Seeing Ball; Searching for Ball
看见求，寻找球
Rule 12-1 is reformatted for clarity. In addition, it is amended to (i) permit a player to search for his ball anywhere on the course when it may be covered by sand and to clarify that there is no penalty if the ball is movedin these circumstances, and (ii) apply a penalty of one stroke under Rule 18-2a if a player moves his ball in a hazard when searching for it when it is believed to be covered by loose impediments.
本次修订将规则12－1的基础机构改了，更佳明确清楚，主要改动的意思是，在障碍区寻找被散置障碍物覆盖的球时如果动了球，就要处罚1杆，原来的版本是不处罚的。

Rule 13-4. Ball in Hazard; Prohibited Actions
球在占该区内，静止的行为
Exception 2 to Rule 13-4 is amended to permit a player to smooth sand or soil in a hazard at any time, including before playing from that hazard, provided it is for the sole purpose of caring for the course and Rule 13-2 is not breached.
这条修改影响比较大，简单的说，只要不是为了改善球位，没有改善试图站位与挥杆的区域，没有改善打球线，在障碍区内任何时候都可以平整沙子和泥土，包括击球前。

Rule 18-2b. Ball Moving After Address
击球准备后球移动
A new Exception is added that exonerates the player from penalty if his ball moves after it has been addressed when it is known or virtually certain that he did not cause the ball to move. For example, if it is a gust of wind that moves the ball after it has been addressed, there is no penalty and the ball is played from its new position.
增加了一条新的例外情况，完成击球准备后，如果能够肯定不是不是由球员本身的原因造成的球移动，球员不受到处罚，例如风吹的等等。

而2008的版本，只要球动了就要处罚。

Rule 19-1. Ball in Motion Deflected or Stopped; By Outside Agency
球在移动中被局外者改变方向或者停止
The note is expanded to prescribe the various outcomes when a ball in motion has been deliberately deflected or stopped by an outside agency.
意思是修改后对局外者影响运动中球的各种情况说得更清楚些。

Rule 20-7c. Playing from Wrong Place; Stroke Play
比杆赛从错误的地方击球
Note 3 is amended so that if a player is to be penalised for playing from a wrong place, in most cases the penalty will be limited to two strokes, even if another Rule has been breached prior to his making the stroke.
注释3修改为，如果一个球员从错误的地方打球，大部分情况只处罚2杆，及时同时违反了其他规则。

appendi iv 附录部分修改
A new Appendix is added to prescribe general regulations for the design of devices and other equipment, such as tees, gloves and distance measuring devices.
新的附录增加，用于说明各种设备，装备如tee,手套和测距仪等等的规范。