On Listening Skills解读

The difficulties with listening: • the listener cannot control how quickly a speaker speaks • the listener is not always in a position to get the speaker to repeat what has been said • the choice of vocabulary is in the hands of the speaker
III. Can’t remember so much? – Learn to select, learn to simplify
One common unpleasant / frustrating experience with listening: • while listening, you seem to understand everything that you hear, but as soon as the voice stops, all is gone!
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
• Note-taking is essential in
listening. It helps us organize facts and retain concepts for later use.
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
III. Can’t remember so much? –
Learn to select, learn to simplify
Two perspectives: • differences between comprehension & production
• 3 communication states: one-way, partial two-way and full two-way • 1st goal: to comprehend what is being said to us
II. Letting things go – Speed and vocabulary
Train focus: keeping up with the speaker • let things that have passed go • do not dwell upon half-missed points • wait for the second, or even third chance to fill the gap in the message
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
Training focus: note-taking • use abbreviations and symbols • write down different speakers’ words in separate spaces, e.g. separate columns or lines
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
Some useful abbreviations and symbols : From Latin: • cf. compare (with) • e.g. for example • etc. and so on • et al. and others • ibid. in the same place (in a book or article) • i.e. that is • N.B. note well (something important) • Viz. namely (naming someone or something you have just referred to)
II. Letting things go – Speed and vocቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱbulary
• The good language learner
is the one who can tolerate vagueness and incompleteness of knowledge.
II. Letting things go – Speed and vocabulary
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
Abbreviations: • apt – apartment • acc – accountant • acpt – accept • ad – advertisement • adv – advice • amap – as much/many as possible • amt – amount • apv – approve • asap – as soon as possible
III. Can’t remember so much? –
Learn to select, learn to simplify
Training focus: learning to select and simplify • listen with a purpose • grasp the key words and the main points • turn the complicated sentence structures into simple ones, interrogative into affirmative, passive into active
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
• • • • • • • • • • • • • bal – balance bldg – building cert – certificate cfm – conform cncl – cancel cnf – conference cmi – commission cmp – comoplete cmpe – compete/competitive cmu – communicaiton conc – concern/concerning/concerned cond – condition co. - company
• possible traps on effective listening
• Are we paying equal attention to every element in each utterance? • Are we attempting to memorize and repeat and write down all the details in a passage?
IV. Focus on the main idea
Training focus: recognizing the main idea • stated in a topic sentence • more often than not: the first sentence of a paragraph • difficult idea / to persuade and convince: at the end of the paragraph • hinted at by the sentences in the paragraph as a whole
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
Symbols:
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ∴ ∵ = ≠ + － > < » « ≥ → ← ↑ ↓ ～ therefore, thus, so because is equal to, the same as is not equal to, not the same as plus, and, more minus, less greater than less than much greater than much less than equal to, or greater than leads to, causes, results in comes from, results from, develops from growth, increase, rising decrease, reduction, dropping, declining variation
I. Thinking ahead of the speaker – Anticipation helps
Training focus: pre-listening preparation • discuss the topic • read related materials • do some vocabulary work
Two requirements: • recognize the main topics • write down the important details and supporting examples
V. Don’t attempt to write too much
The general principle for note-taking: • reduce the language by shortening the words and sentences • write the minimum to give sufficient meaning • choose an appropriate time to write • lay them out clearly
On Listening Skills
I. Thinking ahead of the speaker – Anticipation helps
• Listening is a temporally